Post on 09-Apr-2018
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VRp (precision PWM voltage regulator)
VRpVRp--2000 ~ VRp2000 ~ VRp--3000030000
(2(2~30~30 kkwattwatt, single, single--phasephase 120 &120 & 230230 vacvac models)models)
VRpVRp--6000 ~ VRp6000 ~ VRp--100000100000((6~506~50 kwattkwatt, three, three--phasephase 120/208120/208 vacvac models &models &
6~1006~100 kwattkwatt, three, three--phase 230/400phase 230/400 vacvac models)models)Presented by: Nam Paik, Director of SalesPresented by: Nam Paik, Director of Sales
TSi Power CorporationTSi Power Corporation
Antigo, Wisconsin, USAAntigo, Wisconsin, USA
www.tsipower.comwww.tsipower.comEE--mail:mail: nam@tsipower.comnam@tsipower.com
Tel: +1Tel: +1--770770--339339--98919891
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VRp technology benefitsServoServo--motor based or tapmotor based or tap--switchingswitching AVRsAVRs are not suitable forare not suitable for
sensitive load equipment such as power supplies, rectifierssensitive load equipment such as power supplies, rectifiers
using solidusing solid--state devices and airstate devices and air--conditioners, because of theirconditioners, because of theirslow response time and inherent performance limitations.slow response time and inherent performance limitations.
VRpVRp (precision PWM voltage regulators)(precision PWM voltage regulators) can be used tocan be used to
protect any electronic equipment, particularly in countries withprotect any electronic equipment, particularly in countries with
inadequate infrastructures for the generation and distribution oinadequate infrastructures for the generation and distribution offAC power.AC power.
VRpVRp is superior thanks to its fast 20 ms response time andis superior thanks to its fast 20 ms response time and
cyclecycle--byby--cycle voltage regulation without interrupting the loadcycle voltage regulation without interrupting the load
current.current.
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2240 V40 V230 V230 V
220000 VV
230 V230 V
300 V300 V
11660 V0 V
Upper limit for sensitiveUpper limit for sensitive
electronic equipmentelectronic equipment
Lower limit for sensitiveLower limit for sensitive
electronic equipmentelectronic equipment
Maximum AC inputMaximum AC input
Minimum AC InputMinimum AC Input(Note:(Note: DerateDerate outputoutput
capacity by 20% forcapacity by 20% for
voltage of 150~179V)voltage of 150~179V)
Operating AC Input Voltage Range and Output Regulation ofOperating AC Input Voltage Range and Output Regulation of VRpVRp
(for 230(for 230 vacvac output models)output models)
333030 VV
150150 VV
188188 VV
226565 VV
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125125 VV
115115 VV105105 VV
115115 VV
150150 VV
8585 VV
Upper limit for sensitiveUpper limit for sensitive
electronic equipmentelectronic equipment
Lower limit for sensitiveLower limit for sensitive
electronic equipmentelectronic equipment
Maximum AC inputMaximum AC input
Minimum AC InputMinimum AC Input
(Note:(Note: DerateDerate outputoutputcapacity by 20% forcapacity by 20% for
voltage ofvoltage of 75~8975~89V)V)
Operating AC Input Voltage Range and Output Regulation ofOperating AC Input Voltage Range and Output Regulation of VRpVRp
(for 115(for 115 vacvac output models)output models)
160160 VV
7575 VV
9595 VV
130130 VV
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AVR Performance Comparison Chart
Charactersitics PWM based AVR
(VRp)
Servo-motor
based AVR
Relay/SCR based tap-changer
AVR
Regulation interrupts power path No No Some
Stability Excellent Good Good
Correction speed Very fast Very slow Slow
Correction time 20 mS 500~5000 mS 200~1000 mS
Auto fast bypass Yes Manual Manual
Voltage overshoot during mains cycling None Yes Yes
Operating Input Voltage Ranger 150~315V (very wide) 160~300V (wide) 160~280V typical (narrow)
Over load capacity Excellent Excellent Fair
Load compatibility Excellent Good Good
Limitations on load types None Some Inductive loads
Reliability Excellent Good Fair
Protection of Load Eqmt. Excellent Poor Fair
Field Maintenance None Required NoneSize per watt Very Compact Compact Compact
Technology PWM switched IGBTs
impose correction
voltage on buck-boost
primary
Servo turns variable
transformer to impose
regulation voltage on
buck-boost primary
A multiplicity of relays impose
regulation voltage on multiple buck-
boost primaries
Comments No moving parts and
limited number of
interconnections.
Simple to service in the
field.
Requires frequent
replacement of
brushes. Output
contactor too slow to
guarantee load is not
exposed to high
mains voltage.
Complex electronics with many
interconnections and circuit boards
impact performance and reliability
negatively.
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Cell Site Need for AVR
Developing countries have insufficient infrastructures for the gDeveloping countries have insufficient infrastructures for the generationenerationand distribution of electricity.and distribution of electricity.
Too many electricity users competing for limited available powerToo many electricity users competing for limited available power andand
distribution capacity, cause significant voltage fluctuations andistribution capacity, cause significant voltage fluctuations and powerd power
interruptions.interruptions.
The mains voltage vary between 160 to 300V in many countries.The mains voltage vary between 160 to 300V in many countries. Standard rectifier/chargers and airStandard rectifier/chargers and air--conditioners are not designed toconditioners are not designed to
withstand such a wide input voltage window.withstand such a wide input voltage window.
The likely result is lower reliabThe likely result is lower reliabiility and/or equipment failure possiblylity and/or equipment failure possibly
leading to unscheduled downtime; and increased costs forleading to unscheduled downtime; and increased costs for
maintenance and repair.maintenance and repair.
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Cell Site Equipment
Rectifier chargers,Rectifier chargers,
AirAir--conditioning equipment,conditioning equipment,
UPS in some instances,UPS in some instances,
Equipment with AC inputEquipment with AC input switchmodeswitchmode power supplies,power supplies,
Smoke detectors and miscellaneous equipmentSmoke detectors and miscellaneous equipment
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Safe Area of OperationSafe Area of Operation
22110 V0 V
22550 V0 V
264 V264 V
184 V184 V
Various AC Mains Input Voltage WindowsVarious AC Mains Input Voltage Windows
11550 V0 V
331515 VVBorder line OperationBorder line OperationShut down and/or damageShut down and/or damage toto
equipmentequipment
DeratingDerating and increased heatand increased heat
(brownout)(brownout)
SevereSevere deratingderating, shut down, shut downand/or damageand/or damage to equipmentto equipment
Borderline operation (overBorderline operation (over--voltage)voltage)
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VRp vs. Other AVRs ServoServo--motor based or tapmotor based or tap--switchingswitching AVRsAVRs are not suitable for sensitiveare not suitable for sensitive
load equipment such as power supplies,load equipment such as power supplies, rectitifersrectitifers using solidusing solid--statestate
devices and airdevices and air--conditioners, because of their slow response time andconditioners, because of their slow response time and
inherent performance limitations.inherent performance limitations.
VRpVRp (PWM precision voltage regulators) can be used to protect any(PWM precision voltage regulators) can be used to protect any
electronic equipment, particularly in countries with inadequateelectronic equipment, particularly in countries with inadequate
infrastructures for the generation and distribution of AC power.infrastructures for the generation and distribution of AC power.
VRpVRp is superior thanks to its fast response time, cycleis superior thanks to its fast response time, cycle--byby--cycle voltagecycle voltage
regulation without interrupting the load current, as well as othregulation without interrupting the load current, as well as otherer
performance advantages discussed in the following presentation.performance advantages discussed in the following presentation.
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Degree of Protection VRpVRp is designed to provide maximum protection for all types ofis designed to provide maximum protection for all types of
electronic and electrical devices & systems;electronic and electrical devices & systems;
The level of protection is superior due to extremely wide operatThe level of protection is superior due to extremely wide operatinging
input voltage range of 1input voltage range of 1550 to 330 vac.0 to 330 vac.
OtherOther AVRsAVRs are too slow to respond and operates over narroware too slow to respond and operates over narrowinput voltage range of 1input voltage range of 1880~2800~280 vacvac only (typical).only (typical).
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Reliability VRpVRp has no moving parts;has no moving parts;
VRpVRp has few PCBs;has few PCBs;
VRpVRp has few interconnections.has few interconnections.
ServoServo AVRsAVRs require frequent brush replacement;require frequent brush replacement;
taptap--switchingswitching AVRsAVRs are quite complicated with tooare quite complicated with too
many parts and interconnections.many parts and interconnections.
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Auto Bypass
Prevents unexpected shut down of missionPrevents unexpected shut down of mission--critical equipment;critical equipment;
Output ofOutput of VRpVRp is between 180is between 180 -- 265 VAC (even when in bypass).265 VAC (even when in bypass).
OtherOther AVRsAVRs have manual bypass, which results in unscheduledhave manual bypass, which results in unscheduled
shutdown.shutdown.
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Regulation does not interruptpower path
Prevents switching surge voltages;Prevents switching surge voltages; Permits operation with generators;Permits operation with generators;
Reduces risk of damage to load.Reduces risk of damage to load.
TapTap--switchingswitching AVRsAVRs interrupt power path.interrupt power path.
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20 mS Voltage Correction Time
Eliminates voltage step changes;Eliminates voltage step changes;
Ideal for all sensitive electronic devices;Ideal for all sensitive electronic devices; Reduces risk of damage to load.Reduces risk of damage to load.
Other AVR technologies take 200~Other AVR technologies take 200~ 33000000 mSmS
(0.2~3 seconds)(0.2~3 seconds) before correction is madebefore correction is made
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+/-2 % Output Voltage Stability
Superior protection for airSuperior protection for air--conditioners;conditioners;
Ideal for all sensitive electronic devices;Ideal for all sensitive electronic devices; Minimized step voltage changes.Minimized step voltage changes.
TapTap--changerchanger AVRAVRss typicallytypically provide onlyprovide only
+/+/-- 5% to +/5% to +/--10% output voltage stability10% output voltage stability
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Soft Start Reduces inrush current to a minimum when mains cycleReduces inrush current to a minimum when mains cycle
off/on;off/on;
Ideal shock absorber;Ideal shock absorber;
Enhances systems reliability;Enhances systems reliability;
Ideal for airIdeal for air--conditioners, rectifiers and all sensitiveconditioners, rectifiers and all sensitive
electronic equipmentelectronic equipment
Other technologies use random start via electroOther technologies use random start via electro--mechanical contactor or relaysmechanical contactor or relays
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Stability Works well even with inferior or soft (highWorks well even with inferior or soft (high--impedance)impedance)
mains AC source;mains AC source;
Predictable performance;Predictable performance;
Ideal for airIdeal for air--conditioners, rectifiers and all types ofconditioners, rectifiers and all types of
sensitive electronic devicessensitive electronic devices
Other technologies may have trouble with demandingOther technologies may have trouble with demanding
loads with soft mains AC source (high sourceloads with soft mains AC source (high sourceimpedance)impedance)
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Overload Capacity UptoUpto 500% (for 10 cycles or 200 ms) ;500% (for 10 cycles or 200 ms) ;
Ideal for starting airIdeal for starting air--conditioners, motors, rectifiers,conditioners, motors, rectifiers,
switchmodeswitchmode supplies and others with high inrush currents;supplies and others with high inrush currents;
VRpVRp does not have to be oversized.does not have to be oversized.
SomeSome AVRsAVRs have difficulty with motors, airhave difficulty with motors, air--conditionersconditioners
and other loads with high startand other loads with high start--up current requirements.up current requirements.
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Load Compatibility VRpVRp is compatible with all loads;is compatible with all loads;
Eliminates guessing and need for testing of AVR withEliminates guessing and need for testing of AVR with
load equipment before installationload equipment before installation
TapTap--switcherswitcher AVRsAVRs are not compatible with inductiveare not compatible with inductive
loads such as motors.loads such as motors.
ServoServo--motor basedmotor based AVRsAVRs are not fast enough toare not fast enough to
protect electronic loads.protect electronic loads.
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Additional Benefits of Outdoor VRp
Reduces temperature inside container;Reduces temperature inside container;
Increases air conditioner lifetime;Increases air conditioner lifetime;
Enhances overall systems reliability;Enhances overall systems reliability;
Extra space inside the container can be usedExtra space inside the container can be used
for revenue generating equipment (andfor revenue generating equipment (and
increase profitability for operators)increase profitability for operators)