Post on 18-May-2019
Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaRafael Laborda Cenjorhttp://cropprotection.es/start/rlaborda@eaf.upv.es
“Biodiversidad, paisaje y control biológico de plagas en viñedo”
“Biodiversity, landscape and biological control of pests in vineyards”
“Conventional” “Sustainable”
Pesticides use
Ecosystem simple complex
Biodiversity
Tendency towards stability
Biological resources use
Size of fieldsmonoculture
inputs
diversity
4
BiomoscatellPoble Nou de Benitatxell
SoilBeneficialsPlants
Diversity
FunctionCoverage Composition
Plant Diversity
Which species?
How are they distributed?
what is their role?% soil cover
ConventionalOrganicLandscape Landscape border
PlantDiversity
60 %
5 %
99 %
> 50 %
> 50 %
< 50 %
0%
> 50 %
< 50 %
0%> 50
%
< 50 %
0%
> 50 %
> 50 % < 50
%
0% > 50 %
< 50 %
0%
> 50 %
< 50 %
0%
april
mayConventionalOrganicLandscape Landscape border
Anacardiaceae Ericaceae Liliaceae
Pistacia lentiscus Erica multiflora Asparagus acutifolius
Araceae Euphorbiaceae Muscari neglectum
Arisarum vulgare Euphorbia helioscopia Malvaceae
Cactaceae Euphorbia segetalis Lavatera cretica
Opuntia ficus-maxima Mercurialis annua Oxalidaceae
Caryophyllaceae Mercurialis tomentosa Oxalis pes-caprae
Silene colorata Gentianaceae Papaveraceae
Compositae (Asteraceae) Blackstonia perfoliata Fumaria officinalis
Calendula arvensis Geraniaceae Papaver rhoeas
Chrysanthemum coronarium Erodium malacoides Pinaceae
Conyza bonariensis Gramineae Pinus halepensis
Galactitis tomentosa Avena fatua Plantaginaceae
Helichysum stoechas Gramineae (Poaceae) Plantago albicans
Leucanthemum paludosum Brachypodium retusum Primulaceae
Phagnalon saxatile Bromus madritensis Anagallis arvensis
Picris echioides Hyparrhenia hirta Rhamnaceae
Sonchus oleraceus Leguminosae Rhamnus alaternus
Sonchus tenerrimus Anthyllis cytisoides Rubicaceae
Convolvulaceae Ceratonia siliqua Rubia peregrina
Convolvulus althaeoides Lotus ornithopodioides Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Crassulaceae Medicago minima Foheniculum vulgare
Sedum sediforme Ulex parviflorus Valerianaceae
Cruciferae (Brasicaceae) Vicia pseudocracca Centranthus ruber
Diplotaxis erucoides Vicia sativa
48 plant species
stability
???
stability
???
SpaceRefuge
Reproduction
FoodPollenNectar
Other insects
AttractRefugeFood
Plant Diversity
Beneficial species associated to plants
EN FB MR AB MY JN JL AG SP OC NV DC
Anagallis arvensis
Anthyllis cytisoides
Arisarum vulgare
Asparagus acutifolius
Avena fatua
Blackstonia perfoliata
Brachypodium retusum
Bromus madritensis
Calendula arvensis
Centranthus ruber
Ceratonia siliqua
Chrysanthemum coronarium
Convolvulus althaeoides
Conyza bonariensis
Diplotaxis erucoides
Erica multiflora
Erodium malacoides
Euphorbia helioscopia
Euphorbia segetalis
Foheniculum vulgare
Fumaria officinalis
Galactitis tomentosa
Helichysum staechas
Hyparrhenia hirta
Lavatera cretica
Leucanthemum paludosum
Lotus ornithopodioides
Medicago minima
Mercurialis annua
Mercurialis tomentosa
Muscari neglectum
Opuntia ficus-maxima
Oxalis pes-caprae
Papaver rhoeas
Picris echioides
Phagnalon saxatile
Pinus halepensis
Pistacia lentiscus
Plantago albicans
Rhamnus alaternus
Rubia peregrina
Sedum sediforme
Silene colorata
Sonchus oleraceus
Sonchus tenerrimus
Ulex parviflorus
Vicia pseudocracca
Vicia sativa
Blossom period
Beneficials
ConventionalOrganicLandscape Border Landscape
4
1
3
2
1. Conventional2. Organic3. Landscape Border4. Landscape
BiologicalControl
DiversityAbundance
50 4772
59 8081
4650
7819
88
59
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Invierno Primavera Verano
Convencional
Ecológico
Borde paisaje
Paisaje
Abundance
Winter Spring Summer
Nu
mb
er
of
inse
cts/
trap
landscape
organic
conventional
border landscape
72 beneficial species
Familia Género/especie Nº SuperFam/Fam Género/especie Nº SuperFam/Fam Género/especie Nº
Aphelinidae Eretmocerus spp. 3 Mymaridae Alaptus spp. 165 Coccinellidae Stethorus punctillum 6
Aphytis hispanicus 6 Anagrus atomus 91 Rhyzobius lophantae 6
Aphytis spp. 137 Gonatocerus spp. 136 Rodolia cardinalis 12
Cales noacki 31 Polinema spp. 14 Psyllobora 22 ptos 4
Cales spp. 3 Anaphes spp. 16 Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata 1
Encarsia perniciosi 2 Camptoptera spp. 74 Scymnus spp. 64
Encarsia lutea 1 Stethynium triclavatum 937 Clitostethus arcuatus 1
Encarsia spp. 216 Mymar spp. 4 Otros coccinelidos 130
Marieta picta 1 Otros mimaridos 350 Platynaspis luteorubra 2
Aphelinus spp. 54 Pteromalidae Pachyneuron spp. 10 Chrysopidae Chrysopidae 23
Otros afelínidos 124 Otros Pteromálidos 417 Coniopterygidae Otros coniopterígidos 1
Encyrtidae Anagyrus spp. 514 Trichogrammatidae Trichogrammatidae 113 Estafilinido Estafilinido 50
Comperiella spp 5 Braconido Lysiphlebus spp. 8 sirfidos sirfidos 5
Encyrtus aurantii 13 Diareitiella sp. 1 Cecidomido Cecidomido 328
Metaphycus spp. 157 Otros bracónidos 120 Platypalpus spp. Platypalpus spp. 279
Metaphycus flavus 4 Ichneumonoidea Ichneumonoidea 72 Arachnida Arachnida 398
Metaphycus helvolus 18 Ceraphronidae Ceraphronidae 339 Antocóridos Antocóridos 11
Otros encirtidos 486 Megaspilidae Megaspilidae 76 Miridos Miridos 7
Syrphophagus aphidivorus 167 Cynipido Cynipido 49
Microteris nietneri 1 Hymenoptera Hymenoptera 952
Cryptanusia 4 Otros Calcidoidea Otros Calcidoidea 316
Eulophydae Baryscapus gr. evonymellae 7 Platigastridae Platigastridae 318
Ceranisus lepidotus 36
Cirrospilus spp. 15
Ceranisus menes 620
Ceranisus spp. 1
Parasitoides Depredadores
Diversity
winter> 50
17 16 13 7
17 20 18 18summer
spring18 20 16 17
Organic ConventionalBorder landscapeLandscape
BiologicalControl
tiempo
po
bla
ció
n
time
po
pu
lati
on
Beneficial action of parasites, pathogens, and predators in managing pests and their damage.
natural enemies, beneficials …..pests
Aphids
y = -0,001x2 + 0,0813xR² = 0,6139
0
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
2
0 10 20 30 40
Bra
con
idae
Aphids
BiologicalControl
organic
conventional
Aphids border
organic
Thysanoptera (Thrips)
y = 0,2928x2 + 0,0292xR² = 0,7198
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
0 0,5 1 1,5 2
Cer
an
isu
s m
enes
Thrips
BiologicalControl
Thysanoptera(Thrips)
conventional
border
organic
y = 0,0827x2 + 0,2609xR² = 0,7056
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5Stet
hyn
ium
tri
clav
atu
m
Leafhoppers
Cicadellidae (Leafhoppers)
BiologicalControl
Cicadellidae (Leafhoppers)
conventional
border
organic
The soil, the mysterious world
¿?Very
studied
The soil food web
ALCOHOL
GLICERINE
WATER
1
2
3
45
21/2/12Zona 1
3 – 4 d
Collembola
Decomposers
Acari: Gamasida
Predators
Acari : Oribatida
Acari : Oribatida35 beneficial
species
Prof. Anna Seniczak Dpt. of Ecology, University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Poland Acari: Gamasida
32 beneficial species
Diversity
48 6772
= 187 spp
Beneficials Parasitoids PredatorsN
um
be
ro
f in
sect
s/tr
ap
Beneficials Parasitoids PredatorsN
um
be
ro
f sp
eci
es
LAN
DSC
AP
E
MonocultureHigh input
Diversified Low input
Complexheterogeneous
Simplehomogeneous
MANAGEMENT
PESTICIDEROUTINE
Heavy relianceon pesticides
Little emphasIs
on theecosystem
Broad-spectrumchemicalpesticides
Biologicalagents,
biopesticides
Therapy
Change towards soft intervention
Ecosystem
herbivorescrops
carnivores
Associatedplants
soilbeneficials
soilbeneficials
carnivores
Associatedplants
herbivores
Shift from reductionist approach to emphasis onunderstanding multitrophic interactions and use of
inherent strenghts
Therapyas backups
Strong knowledgeand emphasis on
EcosystemStrenghts
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
unstable stable A total system approach to sustainable pest managementW. J. Lewis*†, J. C. van Lenteren‡, Sharad C. Phatak§, and J. H. Tumlinson, III¶
Juanjo
Pepe Bolufer
Pepe Vidal
Enric
Julia
Pili
Jordi
Eugenia
Olga
Bisetto
RaulAnna
Adrian
Salva
Andreu