Group 11: Sam Bailey, Dan Botti, Ngoc Dang (Fena), Victoria Kinzel, Brian Masten, Luisa Parish, Josh Rawlins, & Eric Shea

Presented by Victoria Kinzel & Brian Masten

Beyoncé

Geometry - Water main/fire hydrant assembly with three outlets expelling water

at 1 atm.

- Input variables included densities and viscosity, and inlet pressure

- Changes in Reynold’s number, Pressure Profiles, Force on Surfaces, Velocity Magnitude, Average Velocity, Volumetric Flow Rate, and Shear Stress

Applications of Fire HydrantsUsed across the world distribute a large

volumes of liquid to a direct location to extinguish fires

Fomtec AFFF 3% with flow velocity of 250 gal/min

Liquids used: Water → Most common due to low cost

Fire retardant foams → Used in industrial settings for fires where water cannot put out the flame

Other liquids could be used with a fire hydrant with commercial repurposing

Source: http://industries.ul.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2013/09/UL_Industries_FireSuppression_Segment_FirefightingFoam.jpg

Reynold’s NumberTrends:

Decrease inlet pressure → Decrease ReDensity = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 55158.1 Pa

Reynold’s NumberTrends:

Increase fluid density → Increase Re Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Density = 2500 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Reynold’s NumberTrends:

Increase viscosity → Decrease ReDensity = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 5 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Pressure ProfilesTrends:

Decrease inlet pressure → Decrease PressureDensity = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 55158.1 Pa

Pressure ProfilesTrends:

Increase fluid density → Increase Pressure, negligible Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Density = 2500 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Pressure ProfilesTrends:

Increase viscosity → Decrease PressureDensity = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 5 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Force on Surface(s)Trends:

Increase viscosity → No trend, negligible regardless

Force on Surface(s)Trends:

Increase density → Decrease Force, negligible

Force on Surface(s)Trends:

Decrease pressure → Decrease Force

Velocity MagnitudeTrends:

Decrease inlet pressure → Decrease Velocity Mag.Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 55158.1 Pa

Velocity MagnitudeTrends:

Increase fluid density → Decrease Velocity Mag.Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Density = 2500 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Velocity MagnitudeTrends:

Increase viscosity → Decrease Velocity Mag., negligibleDensity = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 5 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Average Velocity/Volumetric Flow RateTrends:

Increase inlet pressure→ Increase Avg. Velocity/Vol. Flow Rate

Average Velocity/Volumetric Flow RateTrends:

Increase fluid density → Decrease Avg. Velocity/Vol. Flow Rate

Average Velocity/Volumetric Flow RateTrends:

Increase viscosity → Decrease Avg. Velocity/Vol. Flow Rate

Shear StressTrends:

Decrease inlet pressure → Decrease shear stress

Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 55158.1 Pa

Shear StressTrends:

Increase fluid density → Decrease shear stress

Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Density = 2500 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Shear StressTrends:

Increase viscosity → Decrease shear stress

Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 5 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa

Chemical Engineering ApplicationsFire hydrants also used to fill fluid transport vehicles

Airplanes

Usually filled with water or fire retardant foam

Used to fight forest fires

Source: http://mediad.publicbroadcasting.net/p/shared/npr/201305/156074071.jpg

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phos-Chek#/media/File:Modular_Airborne_Fire_Fighting_System_being_filled_with_a_146th_Airlift_Wing_C-130_Hercules_in_the_background.jpg

Chemical Engineering ApplicationsFire hydrants also used to fill fluid transport vehicles

Tankers

Filled with water or fire retardant foam

Can be used to transport fluids in commercial setting

Toluene, Xylenes, Methanol, Petrochemicals, etc.

Chocolate syrup, Honey, Milk, Juices, Molasses, etc.

Source: http://fleetowner.com/site-files/fleetowner.com/files/archive/blog.fleetowner.com/trucks_at_work/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/tanker1.jpg

Source: Winfield VFD Training Division YouTube Channel

Closing Thoughts

Fire hydrants used globally to distribute fire fighting fluids with the purpose of extinguishing fires

Could be used in industrial/commercial settings to control output of various fluids

Obtained generalizable results that may be used to inform engineering decisions in novel applications of related fluid delivery systems.

When varying density and viscosity of a fluid, operators must remain mindful of inlet pressure required (i.e. Chocolate syrup = higher inlet pressure vs. water)

Work Citedhttp://immediateentourage.com/ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Hydrant+by+qnr.png

http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Fire-Hydrant.html