Post on 23-Aug-2020
1
INFORME
FORO “POR UNA ECONOMÍA CON CAPACIDAD DE RECUPERACIÓN PARA UNA
SOCIEDAD INCLUSIVA” DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN PARA LA COOPERACIÓN Y
DESARROLLO ECONÓMICOS (OCDE) REALIZADO EL 5 Y 6 DE MAYO DE 2014 EN
PARÍS, FRANCIA
Presenta: Sen. Laura Angélica Rojas Hernández.
13 de junio de 2014.
2
ÍNDICE
I. ANTECEDENTES.
II. CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL EVENTO.
III. MOTIVACIÓN DEL EVENTO.
IV. LEGISLADORES PARTICIPANTES.
V. PROGRAMA DEL EVENTO.
VI. MINUTA O DOCUMENTOS CONCLUYENTES DEL EVENTO.
VII. CONCLUSIONES GENERALES.
VIII. ACCIONES DERIVADAS.
3
I. ANTECEDENTES
Fundada en 1961, la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos
(OCDE) agrupa a 34 países miembros y su misión es promover políticas que mejoren el
bienestar económico y social de las personas alrededor del mundo.
En mayo de cada año, para coincidir con la Reunión Anual del Consejo Ministerial, se
celebra en París, Francia, el Foro de la OCDE el cual ha emergido como una reunión de
gran importancia internacional. Líderes de todos los sectores de la sociedad civil,
gubernamentales y parlamentarios se reúnen para debatir el mayor reto de la presión
social y económica que enfrente la sociedad.
Desde su creación en el 2000, más de 18,000 personas ya han intercambiado ideas y
experiencias en el marco de este Foro.
En 2013, se realizó el Foro Económico Internacional sobre América Latina y el Caribe en
París, Francia, el cual giró sobre el sexto año de la mayor crisis financiera, económica y
social de los últimos 50 años. Doscientos millones de personas desempleadas en todo el
mundo y la actividad económica aún tambaleante, los Gobiernos enfrentan el desafío de
fortalecer las finanzas públicas y, al mismo tiempo, impulsar el empleo, la protección de
los más vulnerables y la restauración del crecimiento.
Parte de los objetivos de estos foros anuales es informar sobre los logros alcanzados en
relación a las conclusiones alcanzadas el año anterior y la construcción de nuevas metas
que tenga como objetivo mejorar la economía, para mejorar la calidad de vida de la gente,
de forma sostenida y con responsabilidad global.
II. CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL EVENTO
El Foro 2014 de la OCDE, “Economías con Capacidad de Recuperación para Sociedades
Incluyentes”, se organizó en torno a tres temas transversales: el Crecimiento Inclusivo,
Empleos y Confianza, con el objeto de explorar la naturaleza multifacética de la capacidad
de recuperación y la manera de “repuntar hacia adelante” al abordar los retos
económicos, sociales y ambientales.
4
La OCDE reconoce signos alentadores acerca del avance de la recuperación, aunque la
economía mundial permanece baja en comparación con el período anterior a la crisis.
También reconoce que a pesar de que el nivel de desempleo deberá disminuir
ligeramente este año, 48 millones de personas continúan desempleadas en los países de
la OCDE y 202 millones de personas se encuentran sin trabajo a nivel mundial.
En este sentido, los jóvenes y las personas poco calificadas han sido los más afectados, y
el desempleo juvenil mantiene altos niveles en muchos países. Las persistentes y
elevadas tasas de desempleo y los crecientes niveles de desigualdad han lesionado la
confianza de la gente no sólo en sus gobiernos, sino en el sistema en su conjunto.
Sobre la base de las discusiones anteriores, el Foro 2014 de la OCDE busca ofrecer la
oportunidad de reflexionar sobre lo manera en la que los gobiernos, las organizaciones
parlamentarias internacionales y los diferentes actores de la OCDE pueden contribuir a
desarrollar economías y sociedades con una mayor capacidad de recuperación.1
III. MOTIVACIÓN DEL EVENTO.
El objetivo fue participar e intercambiar opiniones y experiencias en los múltiples temas
abordados por expertos de la OCDE y en los cuales esta Organización, elabora
permanentemente análisis y emite recomendaciones a sus países miembros.
Uno de los objetivos particulares de la Delegación Mexicana, fue dar seguimiento a un
posible convenio con la OCDE para la Evaluación de Leyes que ya se ha implementado
en países como Chile y que busca conocer el impacto y los resultados arrojados por una
Ley en el momento de su aplicación. No solo se trata de conocer si ésta ha correspondido
a las expectativas que se han puesto en ella, sino realizar, en su caso, los ajustes
pertinentes.
El Secretario General ha ofrecido a senadores mexicanos de la presente Legislatura, la
experiencia de su Organización en diversos asuntos. Esto podría ser relevante en un
1 Centro de Estudios Internacionales Gilberto Bosques del Senado de la República, Serie Europa No. 43, México D.F. mayo de 2014.
5
momento en el que nuestro país debate las diversas leyes reglamentarias que derivan de
las reformas estructurales recientemente aprobadas por el Congreso Mexicano.
IV. PARTICIPANTES.
El Senado de la República autorizó una delegación conformada por los siguientes
senadores:
· Sen. José Rosas Aispuro Torres.
· Sen. Mario Delgado Carrillo.
· Sen. Francisco de Paula Búrquez Valenzuela.
· Sen. Marco Antonio Blásquez Salinas.
· Sen. Héctor Larios Córdova.
· Sen. Laura Angélica Rojas Hernández.
V. PROGRAMA DEL EVENTO.
Programa del Foro “Por una Economía con Capacidad de Recuperación para una
Sociedad Inclusiva” de la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos
(OCDE) realizado el 5 y 6 de Mayo de 2014 en París, Francia. (ANEXO 1)
VI. MINUTA O DOCUMENTOS CONCLUYENTES DEL EVENTO.
Si bien no existió un documento concluyente, la base de los diálogos del Foro fue el
documento “Impulsando la Resiliencia a través de la Administración Innovadora de los
Riesgos”. (ANEXO 2)
El discurso del Secretario General de la OCDE, José Angel Gurría, en el evento inaugural
del Foro, “Economías con Capacidad de Recuperación para Sociedades Incluyentes”, el 5
de mayo de 2014, condensa la relevancia del evento. (ANEXO 3)
VII. CONCLUSIONES GENERALES.
El Foro, acorde a los objetivos de la propia OCDE, buscó promover políticas tendientes a
realizar la mayor expansión posible de la economía y el empleo y un progreso en el nivel
de vida dentro de los países miembros, manteniendo la estabilidad financiera y
6
contribuyendo así al desarrollo de la economía mundial, contribuir a una sana expansión
económica en los países miembros, así como no miembros, en vías de desarrollo
económico, y contribuir a la expansión del comercio mundial sobre una base multilateral y
no discriminatoria conforme a las obligaciones internacionales.
Igualmente, se estableció la necesidad de mejorar las condiciones del comercio de
servicios mediante un nuevo enfoque para cuantificar el grado de restricción de las
regulaciones que afectan a dicho comercio.
Las iniciativas impulsadas por la OCDE en el Foro para lograr la recuperación económica
se basan en los siguientes puntos:
1. Nuevos enfoques a los retos económicos (NAEC por sus siglas en inglés).
2. El crecimiento verde y el desarrollo sostenible (Greener).
3. El fortalecimiento del sistema multilateral de comercio.
4. Estrategia de Desarrollo de Clima de Negocios.
5. La promoción de un mejor clima de negocios.
6. Alianzas para la capacidad de recuperación global y el alcance global de la OCDE.
7. Desarrollo como empoderamiento.
8. Mejorar la eficiencia de la organización.
En el documento “Impulsando la Resiliencia a través de la Administración Innovadora de
los Riesgos” se señala que una planificación más eficaz para enfrentar los desastres
naturales y de origen humano que aumente la colaboración entre países y fomente a los
hogares y las empresas asumir mayor responsabilidad ayudaría a mejorar la resiliencia y
a reducir futuras pérdidas económicas.
Se espera que cada uno de los actores asistentes, participe activamente en alcanzar las
metas y objetivos señalados, que permitan la consolidación nacional de la economía, y
por ende, garantice una estabilidad económica mundial.
7
VIII. ACCIONES DERIVADAS.
Presentación de una propuesta formal a la Mesa Directiva de la Cámara de Senadores,
para firmar un convenio con la OCDE sobre evaluación ex post de la legislación aprobada
en el Congreso de la Unión.
OECD Forum 2014 Programme
“Resilient Economies for Inclusive Societies” (Last update on 12 May 2014)
Monday 5 May
7:45-9:00 REGISTRATION
9:00-10:00 OECD FORUM OPENING SESSION
Master of Ceremony: Axel Threlfall, Lead Anchor, Reuters Keynote speeches - Alenka Bratušek, Prime Minister of the Republic of Slovenia - Jason Furman, Chairman, White House Council of Economic Advisers, United States - Angel Gurría, Secretary-General, OECD
10:00-10:15 NETWORKING BREAK
10:15-12:00 A. INCLUSIVE SOCIETIES Moderator: Monique Villa, CEO, Thomson Reuters Foundation
(1) Inclusive Growth - Xavier de Souza Briggs, Vice President of Economic Opportunity and Assets, Ford Foundation - Angel Gurría, Secretary-General, OECD Scene Setting - Stefano Scarpetta, Director, Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD (2) Quality Jobs & Inequality - Winnie Byanyima, Executive Director, Oxfam International - Jason Furman, Chairman, White House Council of Economic Advisers, United States - Philip J. Jennings, General Secretary, UNI Global Union - Michel Landel, CEO and Member of the Board of Directors, President of Executive Committee, Sodexo
B. THE SHARING ECONOMY
Moderator: Maithreyi Seetharaman, Anchor, ‘Real Economy’, Euronews Speakers - Sang Woo Kim, President, Corporate Affairs Europe, Samsung Electronics - Frédéric Mazzella, CEO, BlaBlaCar - Mariana Mazzucato, R.M.Phillips Professor in Economics of Innovation, University of Sussex (SPRU); Visiting
Professor in Economics of Innovation, Open University, United Kingdom - April Rinne, Chief Strategy Officer, Collaborative Lab - William Saito, Special Advisor, Cabinet Office, Japan
C. NETIZEN ENGAGEMENT & EMPOWERMENT Moderator: Shiv Malik, Journalist and Author, The Guardian
Scene Setting - Anthony Gooch, Director, Public Affairs and Communications, OECD Speakers - Ken Bluestone, Influencing and Advocacy Manager, Age International - Eva Majewski, Chairwoman, European Democrat Students
10:30-13:00 IDEAFACTORY – ADDRESSING THE TALENT GAP
Facilitator Enrico Giovannini, former Minister of Labour and Social Policies; Professor, Economics and Finance, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy Discussion leaders - John Hope Bryant, Founder, Chairman and CEO, Operation HOPE, United States - Jaap Buis, Public Affairs Manager, Randstad Holding nv - Olivier Crouzet, Director of Studies, Ecole 42, France - Yves Flückiger, Vice Rector, University of Geneva, Switzerland - Shea Gopaul, Executive Director, Global Apprenticeship Network - Colm Harmon, Head, School of Economics, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney,
Australia - Peter Jungen, Chairman, Peter Jungen Holding GmbH - David Nordfors, CEO, IIIJ; Chair, I4J Summit - Giuseppe Porcaro, Secretary General, European Youth Forum - Sergey Prikhodko, Executive Director, Gaidar Institute, Russian Federation - Steve Sargent, President and CEO, GE Australia & New Zealand; Chair, B20 Human Capital Task Force - Cristina Terra, Professor, School of Economics, FGV Foundation, Brazil - Thiébaut Weber, Confederal Secretary, CFDT, France
Closing Stefano Scarpetta, Director, Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD
12:00-13:30 A. LUNCH DEBATE: MIGRATION
Moderator: Ali Aslan, TV Host & Journalist, Deutsche Welle, Germany Speakers
- Laima Andrikiene, Member, European Parliament - Daniela Bobeva, Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Development, Republic of Bulgaria - Chukwu-Emeka Chikezie, Director, Up!-Africa Limited - Paul Collier, Director, Centre for the Study of African Economies, Professor of Economics and Public Policy,
Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, United Kingdom - Karl Cox, Vice-President, Public Policy and Corporate Affairs, Europe, Middle East and Africa, Oracle France - Jean-Christophe Dumont, Head, International Migration, Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD - Omar Munie, Designer, Omar Munie Clothing - Jan Niessen, Director, Migration Policy Group - Young-bum Park, President, Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training (KRIVET)
B. LUNCH DEBATE: GETTING CITIES RIGHT Moderator: A. Craig Copetas, Correspondent-at-Large, Quartz
Speakers - Rolf Alter, Director, Public Governance and Territorial Development, OECD - Ana Marie Argilagos, Senior Advisor to the Ford Foundation, Just Cities Initiative/Metropolitan Opportunity Unit,
United States - Thorsten Bauer, Founder and Creative Director, URBANSCREEN GmbH - John Beard, Director, Ageing and Life Course Programme, World Health Organization - Rob van Gijzel, Mayor, Eindhoven, The Netherlands - Maxim Lesur, Director Business Development in Public Sector, Microsoft France - Philippe Sajhau, Vice-President, "Smarter Cities", IBM France
C. PANEL WITH LUNCH: RE-USING FOOD
Moderator: Clotilde Dusoulier, Chef & Author, Chocolate & Zucchini Speakers - Shabnam Anvar, Founding Member, Disco Soupe - Thomas Jelley, Director, Sodexo Institute for Quality of Life - Masa Kogure, CEO & Founder, Table for Two
13:30-15:00 A. TAX FOR DEVELOPMENT Moderator: Zeinab Badawi, Presenter, World News Today, BBC World News (tbc) Scene Setting - Jon Lomøy, Director, Development Co-operation Directorate, OECD & Pascal Saint-Amans, Director, Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, OECD Speakers - Winnie Byanyima, Executive Director, Oxfam International - Mauricio Cárdenas, Minister of Finance and Public Credit, Colombia - John Christensen, Director, Tax Justice Network - Paul Collier, Director, Centre for the Study of African Economies, Professor of Economics and Public Policy,
Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, United Kingdom - Alan McLean, Deputy Chair, Committee on Taxation and Fiscal Policy, BIAC
B. AGEING (UN)EQUALLY? Moderator: Shiv Malik, Journalist and Author, The Guardian
Scene Setting - Yves Leterme, Deputy Secretary-General, OECD
(1) Ageing & Gender - Shinichi Abe, Managing Director, Enterprise Business, Google Japan - Ulf Kristersson, Minister for Social Security, Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, Sweden - Mateja Kožuh Novak, President, Slovenian Federation of Pensioners' Organizations (ZDUS) - Yukako Uchinaga, Board Chair, Japan Women’s Innovative Network (J-Win)
(2) 50+ Labour Market - Herman Nijns, CEO, Randstad Belgium - Katsutoshi Saito, Chairman, Dai-ichi Life; Vice-Chair, BIAC - Debra Whitman, Executive Vice-President, Policy, Strategy and International Affairs, AARP
C. THE CREATIVE ECONOMY
Moderator: Joohee Cho, Seoul Bureau Chief and Correspondent, ABC News Scene Setting - Dirk Pilat, Deputy Director, Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry Speakers - Rob van Gijzel, Mayor, Eindhoven, The Netherlands - Randa Grob-Zakhary, CEO, LEGO Foundation - Seong Ju Kang, Director General, Ministry of Science and Technology, ICT and Future Planning, Korea - Charles Rivkin, Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs, United States
15:00-15:15 NETWORKING BREAK
15:15-16:45 A. HEALTH & INNOVATION
Moderator: Kenneth Cukier, Data editor, The Economist
Keynote Speech
- Shinya Yamanaka, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine; Professor & Director, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan Speakers - Monika Kosińska, Secretary-General, European Public Health Alliance (EPHA) - Helga Rohra, Chair, European Working Group of People with Dementia - Cyril Schiever, Senior Vice President & Managing Director, MSD France - Shinya Yamanaka, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine; Professor & Director, Center for iPS Cell Research
and Application, Kyoto University, Japan
B. SKILLS, EMPOWERMENT, RESILIENCE Moderator: Ali Aslan, TV Host & Journalist, Deutsche Welle, Germany Scene Setting - The Rt Hon David Willetts MP, Minister for Universities and Science, United Kingdom (1) Access to Skills - Randa Grob-Zakhary, CEO, LEGO Foundation - Vladimir Mau, Rector, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) - Andreas Schleicher, Deputy Director and Special Adviser on Education Policy to the Secretary-General, OECD (2) Skills & the Digital Economy - Tyler Cowen, Holbert C. Harris Chair of Economics, George Mason University, United States - Anka Mulder, Vice-President for Education & Operations, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands - Bill Spriggs, Chief Economist, AFL-CIO - Dale J. Stephens, Founder, UnCollege
C. INSTITUTIONAL (IN)COMPETENCE: 21ST CENTURY POLITICS Moderator: Philip Coggan, Buttonwood Columnist and capital markets Editor, The Economist - Tim Costello, CEO, World Vision Australia; Leader, C20 - John Evans, General Secretary, TUAC - Drago Kos, Chairman, OECD Working Group on Bribery - Pascal Lamy, former Director-General, World Trade Organization; Chairman, Oxford Martin Commission for
Future Generations
16:45-17:00 NETWORKING BREAK
15:30-18:30 IDEAFACTORY – A NEW AGE
Opening - Ken Bluestone, Influencing and Advocacy Manager, Age International - Thomas Jelley, Director, Sodexo Institute for Quality of Life - Anne-Sophie Parent, Secretary General, AGE - Jacques Séguéla, Business Person and Author Discussion leaders - John Beard, Director, Ageing and Life Course Programme, World Health Organization - Daniela Bobeva, Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Development, Republic of Bulgaria - Ricardo Ibarra, President, Spanish Youth Council (CJE) - Marie-Louise Knuppert, Vice President, TUAC; Elected Confederal Secretary, Danish Confederation of Trade
Unions (LO-DK) - Juan Lozano Tovar, Secretary General, Inter-American Conference on Social Security (CISS) - Niku Määttänen, Research supervisor, Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA) - Robert Skidelsky, Emeritus Professor of Political Economy, University of Warwick, United Kingdom - Lorraine K. Tyler, Head, Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain; Head, Cambridge Centre for Ageing and
Neuroscience, United Kingdom - Yukako Uchinaga, Board Chair, Japan Women’s Innovative Network (J-Win) - Fabian Zuleeg, Chief Executive, European Policy Centre
17:00-18:30 A. IS INVESTING IN FOSSIL FUELS A RISKY BUSINESS?
Moderator: Simon Upton, Director, Environment, OECD Speakers - Andrei Gaidamaka, Vice President of Investor Relations, LUKOIL - Michel Gardel, Vice President, Communications, External & Environmental Affairs, Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA - Anthony Hobley, CEO, Carbon Tracker Initiative - Kumi Naidoo, Executive Director, Greenpeace International - Jeremy Oppenheim, Programme Director, New Climate Economy
B. FOCUS ON SOUTHEAST ASIA
Moderator: Hiroko Kuniya, Anchor, NHK Scene Setting - Angel Gurría, Secretary-General, OECD Speakers - Chatib Basri, Minister of Finance, Indonesia - Sun Chanthol, Minister of Commerce, Cambodia - Gregory L. Domingo, Minister of Trade, Philippines - Tim Groser, Minister of Trade, Minister for Climate Change Issues and Associate Minister Foreign Affairs, New
Zealand - Chandran Nair, Founder and Chief Executive, Global Institute For Tomorrow (GIFT) - Soichiro Sakuma, Representative Director & Executive Vice President, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal
Corporation; Vice-Chair, Committee on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises, BIAC - Thongloun Sisoulith, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Laos - Kan Zaw, Minister for National Planning and Economic Development, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
C. SAFETY & RISK IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY Moderator: Kenneth Cukier, Data editor, The Economist
Scene Setting - Andrew Wyckoff, Director, Science, Technology and Industry, OECD Speakers - Eric Boustouller, President Western Europe, Microsoft - Peter Hustinx, European Data Protection Supervisor - Gus Hosein, Executive Director, Privacy International - Sarah Spiekermann, Professor for Information Systems; Chair, Institute for Management Information Systems,
Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria
18:30 RECEPTION
Tuesday 6 May
7:45-8:30 REGISTRATION
8:30-9:30 DEFINING RESILIENCE
Moderator: Yoichi Takita, Senior Staff Writer, Nikkei Speakers - Shinichi Abe, Managing Director, Enterprise Business, Google Japan - Nobuaki Koga, President, Japanese Trade Union Confederation (RENGO) - Yoko Tsurimaki & Kohei Oyama, Students, Tohoku School, Japan - Margareta Wahlström, United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Disaster Risk
Reduction
9:00-12:00 IDEAFACTORY – THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET
Discussion leaders - Gustav Ahlsson, Deputy State Secretary, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Sweden - François Barrault, Chairman, IDATE - Yuko Harayama, Executive Member, Council for Science and Technology Policy, Cabinet Office, Japan - Christian Horchert, IT Specialist, Chaos Computer Club (CCC) - Gus Hosein, Executive Director, Privacy International - Jens-Henrik Jeppesen, Representative and Director for European Affairs, Center for Democracy and Technology - Seong Ju Kang, Director General, Ministry of Science and Technology, ICT and Future Planning, Korea - Frédéric Massé, Vice-President, EMEA Government Relations, SAP - David Nordfors, CEO; Chair, I4J Summit - Kostas Rossoglou, Senior Legal Officer, BEUC - Jean-Jacques Sahel, Vice President of Stakeholder Engagement for Europe, ICANN - Sarah Spiekermann, Professor for Information Systems; Chair, Institute for Management Information Systems,
Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria - Arun Sundararajan, Professor, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University, United States - Pastora Valero, Director, EU Public Policy, Cisco; Chair, Digital Economy Committee, AmCham EU - James Waterworth, Vice-President, Europe, Computer and Communications Industry Association (CCIA)
9:45-10:20 KEYNOTE ADDRESS BY MINISTERIAL COUNCIL MEETING (MCM) CHAIR AMPHITHEATRE 1
- Shinzō Abe, Prime Minister, Japan
10:20-10:50 CEREMONY FOR THE FORMAL LAUNCH OF THE OECD SOUTHEAST ASIA PROGRAMME Master of Ceremony: Axel Threlfall, Lead Anchor, Reuters
11:00-11:40 PRESENTATION OF THE ECONOMIC OUTLOOK AMPHITHEATRE 1
Moderator: Stephen Sedgwick, Anchor, CNBC Speakers - Angel Gurría, Secretary-General, OECD - Rintaro Tamaki, Deputy Secretary-General, Acting Chief Economist, OECD
11:45-12:45 ECONOMIC OUTLOOK DEBATE
AMPHITHEATRE 1
Moderator: Stephen Sedgwick, Anchor, CNBC
Speakers - Akira Amari, Minister in charge of Economic Revitalization, Minister of State for Economic and Fiscal Policy,
Japan - Ali Babacan, Deputy Prime Minister for Economic and Financial Affairs, Turkey (tbc) - Phil O'Reilly, Chair, BIAC; Chief Executive Officer, BusinessNZ - Richard Trumka, President, TUAC; President, AFL-CIO
12:45-13:00 NETWORKING BREAK
13:00-14:30 A. LUNCH DEBATE: INCLUSIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP (50+, WOMEN, YOUTH, MIGRANTS)
Moderator: Alan Wheatley, Journalist and Author (tbc)
Speakers - Neveen El-Tahri, Chairperson and Managing Director, Delta Shield for Investment; Co-Chair, OECD MENA
Women's Business Forum - Reinhard Cordes, CEO & Owner, ONLYGLASS GMBH - Kamel Haddar, CEO, Origin Partners; Entrepreneur and Co-Founder, ATLAS - Matthew Hancock, Minister for Skills and Enterprise, United Kingdom - Patricia Lahy-Engel, Director, TheHive Startup Accelerator, Gvahim, Israel - Omar Munie, Designer, Omar Munie Clothing - Navi Radjou, Fellow, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom - William Saito, Special Advisor, Cabinet Office, Japan
B. PANEL WITH LUNCH: DISCUSSION ON FORESIGHT: WHAT IF?
Moderator: Angela Wilkinson, Counsellor for Strategic Foresight, OECD Speakers - Jim Clarken, Executive Director, Oxfam Ireland - Burkhard Gnärig, Executive Director, International Civil Society Center - Robert Johnson, Executive Director, Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET) - Margareta Wahlström, United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Disaster Risk
Reduction
14:30-15:00 NETWORKING BREAK
15:00-16:30 A. THE FUTURE OF TRADE Moderator: Shawn Donnan, World Trade Editor, Financial Times
Speakers - Roberto Carvalho de Azevêdo, Director-General, World Trade Organization - James Bacchus, Chair, Commission on Trade and Investment Policy, International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) - Sharan Burrow, General Secretary, International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) - Tim Groser, Minister of Trade, Minister for Climate Change Issues and Associate Minister Foreign Affairs, New
Zealand - Peter M. Robinson, President and CEO, United States Council for International Business (USCIB) - Tadayuki Nagashima, Executive Vice-President, Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO)
B. CAN WE BANK ON BANKS? Moderator: Faisal Islam, Economics Editor, Channel 4 Speakers - Bjarni Benediktsson, Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs, Iceland - John Hope Bryant, Founder, Chairman and CEO, Operation HOPE, United States - Diane Coyle, Professor of Economics, University of Manchester ; Director, Enlightenment Economics - Guillermo de la Dehesa, Chairman, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)
- Dennis Snower, President, Kiel Institute for the World Economy
16:30-17:00 OECD FORUM CLOSING SESSION
Executive Summary
OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies:
Boosting Resilience through Innovative Risk Governance
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Photo credits: © Vector Market /Shutterstock.com, © Shico /Shutterstock.com
© OECD 2014
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY– 3
BOOSTING RESILIENCE THROUGH INNOVATIVE RISK GOVERNANCE © OECD 2014
Executive Summary
Why Resilience matters
Despite progress in reducing impacts from disasters, their socio-economic costs
in OECD countries are still considerable.
During the last decade OECD and BRIC countries have experienced an estimated
USD 1.5 trillion in economic damages from disruptive shocks stemming from natural
risks such as storms or floods as well as man-made risks like industrial accidents or
terrorist attacks (Figure 1). These destructive events may not have occurred with any
more frequency than in previous years, but the unprecedented extent of damages
accentuates greater economic and societal vulnerability in OECD member countries. The
scale of recent impacts has raised questions about whether OECD countries could have
made more progress in their risk management systems to increase resilience against such
shocks through better risk prevention and mitigation.
Figure 1. Economic losses due to disasters in OECD and BRIC countries, 1980-2012
(USD Billion)
Source: EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database – www.emdat.be – Université
catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgium
Single shocks have caused damages in excess of 20 percent of national GDP, such as
the recent earthquakes in New Zealand and Chile, forcing governments to raise their debt
ceiling or increase taxes. Also, major shocks are no longer confined to single places, but
rather cascade globally as demonstrated by the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
An
nu
al e
con
om
ic l
oss
es
in U
SD
bil
lio
n
4 – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
BOOSTING RESILIENCE THROUGH INNOVATIVE RISK GOVERNANCE © OECD 2014
Disruptive shocks risk undermining trust in governments
Previous neglects in resilience measures that became apparent during a major shock
have had disproportionately negative effects on trust in governments, forcing them to take
drastic actions to restore confidence, including the resignation of senior government
officials. Others include expensive spending measures to restore trust among citizens.
After the attacks of 9/11 the United States government injected liquidity in banks, which
was an essential measure to restore confidence among bank account holders.
Rather than eroding trust, disruptive shocks can and should be an opportunity for
governments to showcase prospective governance based on long-term commitments to
protect citizens. Governments have a great window of opportunity to strengthen citizen
trust in their ability to prevent or mitigate the negative impacts of large-scale disruptive
events by promoting and communicating the efforts they engage in prior to a shock.
The increasing trend in economic damages is driven by a number of socio-
economic factors
Disruptive shocks have occurred more frequently over the past decades but, perhaps
more importantly, they have seen a significant increase in intensity and complexity.
Among the factors driving the surge in intensity of shocks are the increasing
concentrations of people, especially a growing number of vulnerable populations (Figure
2), such as marginalised and elderly, and economic assets in risk prone areas. Accelerated
urbanisation and increased global economic integration (Box 1), facilitated by transport
mobility and communication, have equally contributed to the surge in intensity of
disruptive shocks. Global value chains have acted as a vector for propagating risks across
borders. Failure of one country to identify and manage a major risk can have tremendous
impacts on other countries which have been observed in recent major shocks (Box 1).
Figure 2. Percentage of population aged 65 and over across OECD countries
Source: OECD (2009), OECD Factbook 2009: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Au
stra
lia
Au
stri
a
Be
lgiu
m
Ca
na
da
Czech…
De
nm
ark
Fin
lan
d
Fra
nce
Ge
rma
ny
Gre
ece
Hu
ng
ary
Ice
lan
d
Ire
lan
d
Ita
ly
Jap
an
Ko
rea
Luxe
mb
ou
rg
Me
xico
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
No
rwa
y
Po
lan
d
Po
rtu
ga
l
Slovak…
Sp
ain
Sw
ed
en
Sw
itze
rla
nd
Tu
rke
y
United…
Un
ite
d S
tate
s
OE
CD
To
tal
2009 2050
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – 5
BOOSTING RESILIENCE THROUGH INNOVATIVE RISK GOVERNANCE © OECD 2014
Box 1. Global value chains as vectors for propagating risks
An example of how local disruptive shocks can have cascading global effects is demonstrated by
global value chains. The Great East Japanese Earthquake, the Thailand Floods, droughts suffered in the
United States have recently demonstrated how such shocks can indirectly, but rapidly and significantly
have global impacts:
· The Great East Japanese Earthquake in 2011 caused disastrous impacts not only in Japan, it led
to slowdowns in the global automotive and electronics industries which rely on Japan for inputs
to their value chains. For example, car manufacturers in Detroit were affected when Renesas, a
large supplier of microchip controllers in Japan, halted production due to the destruction of its
factory. Single sourcing was equally the root cause of a global disruption in the supply of car
paint due to a factory that was destroyed in North East Japan. The supplier supplied 100 % of
global car paint demand, leading to major disruptions in car supply chains worldwide.
· The floods that affected the Bangkok metropolitan area in Thailand in 2011 hit a particularly
indutstrialised part of the city, where more than 1 000 factories were affected. Forty-five % of
the world’s manufacturing capacity of computer hard disk drives are produced in the affected
area. It is estimated that global hard drive supply saw a decrease of 30 % that year.
· The severe and prolonged drought in the United States that is estimated to have started in 2012
and that lasted until 2013 has had severe economic impacts. The low water levels in the
Mississippi River, for example, where USD 180 billion worth of goods are moved every year,
forced barges to reduce the amount of cargo they can carry by two-thirds of their usual load.
Global value chain participation index across OECD countries
Sources: OECD (2013b), Interconnected Economies: Benefiting from Global Value Chains, OECD Publishing.
doi: 10.1787/9789264189560-en; WEF (2012a), “Global Risks 2012”, World Economic Forum, Geneva,
www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalRisks_Report_2012.pdf; WEF (2012b), “New Models for Addressing
Supply Chain and Transport Risk”, World Economic Forum, Geneva, www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_SCT_RRN_
NewModelsAddressingSupplyChainTransportRisk_IndustryAgenda_2012.pdf, Mirdoudot, S. and K. De Backer
(2012), “Mapping Global Value Chains”.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Luxe
mb
ou
rgK
ore
aC
zech
Re
p.
Slo
va
k R
ep
.Ir
ela
nd
Be
lgiu
mN
eth
erl
an
ds
Hu
ng
ary
Fin
lan
dA
ust
ria
Sw
ed
en
Est
on
iaN
orw
ay
Slo
ve
nia
Sw
itze
rla
nd
Ch
ile
Po
rtu
ga
lD
en
ma
rkIs
rae
lG
erm
an
yP
ola
nd
Jap
an
Fra
nce
Au
stra
lia
Gre
ece
Un
ite
d K
ing
do
mM
exi
coS
pa
inIt
aly
Un
ite
d S
tate
sT
urk
ey
Ca
na
da
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
6 – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
BOOSTING RESILIENCE THROUGH INNOVATIVE RISK GOVERNANCE © OECD 2014
Countries must improve resilience to disasters against the backdrop of
mounting social economic costs
OECD countries have made substantial progress in achieving resilience…
· Relatively high income levels across the OECD largely contributed to
reducing fatality rates from disasters (Figure 3 and 4): Past disruptive
shocks have advanced OECD countries’ understanding of how risk can be
prevented and mitigated, and how preparedness, emergency response,
rehabilitation and recovery from shocks can be improved to increase resilience
and lower fatality rates.
Figure 3. Fatality rates versus economic damages from disasters during 1995-2010
Source: EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database – www.emdat.be – Université
catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgium; OECD Statistics Database - http://stats.oecd.org/ - GDP per
head in 2012, USD Billion, constant prices (2005)
· The level of risk awareness and information sharing is high: These have
been fostered through public information campaigns and integration of risk
management tenets in the standard curricula of education institutions. The
incorporation of resilience in the national science and research agendas in the
great majority of OECD countries has fostered a culture of safety and resilience.
· Central government leadership is vital: Most OECD countries have
emphasised strong central leadership by either the Prime Minister’s office or
equivalent, or by central co-ordinating bodies to ensure critical risks are
managed, and investments to reduce them, supported at the highest political
level.
· Successful mainstreaming of risk management policies across sectors
and administrative level: Nearly all OECD countries systematically consider
disaster risk in sectoral public investment strategies and planning. The
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Acc
um
ula
ted
D
ea
th T
oll
, 1
99
5-2
01
0
Qu1. Qu.2 Qu.3 Qu.4
Acc
um
ula
ted
E
on
om
ic D
am
ag
es,
19
95
-
20
10
Economic Damages (USD billion)
Death Toll (thousand)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – 7
BOOSTING RESILIENCE THROUGH INNOVATIVE RISK GOVERNANCE © OECD 2014
importance attributed to the local level is reflected by the establishment of legal
frameworks for local responsibilities, including risk sensitive regulation in land
zoning and private real estate development.
Figure 4. Significant decrease in fatality rates from disasters with increasing income
Sources: EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels,
Belgium, www.emdat.be (accessed 14 November 2013); Heston A. et al. (2011), “Penn World Table Version 7.0”,
Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices at the University of Pennsylvania,
https://pwt.sas.upenn.edu/php_site/pwt_index.php (accessed 15 January 2014); OECD (2013d), “Gross domestic product
(GDP) MetaData : GDP per capita, USD, constant prices, reference year 2005”, OECD National Accounts Statistics
(database), http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/na-data-en (accessed 14 November 2013).
… But significant gaps have been made apparent during past disasters…
… on the part of the government…
· Regulatory reform: Risk regulations have
often not kept in pace with changing risk
environments. For example, the earthquake
of L’Aquila showed that building codes
were not adapted to new housing design, or
rigid air safety regulations during the
volcanic eruption in Iceland in 2010 caused
significant losses to the aviation industry
that might have been avoided otherwise.
Australia
Bangladesh
Bolivia Chile
Costa Rica
Egypt
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji Finland
France Germany
Greece
Haiti
Honduras India
Indonesia Iran
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Kenya Madagascar Malawi
Mexico
Mozambique
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Pakistan
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Slovenia
Thailand Turkey
United Kingdom United States
Venezuela
Yemen
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7
Av
era
ge
De
ath
To
ll p
er
Dis
ast
er
19
80
-20
13
(lo
g)
Real GDP per Capita, Year 2010 (log)
OECD Non -OECD
8 – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
BOOSTING RESILIENCE THROUGH INNOVATIVE RISK GOVERNANCE © OECD 2014
· Enforcement: Shortcomings in enforcing risk regulations is omnipresent. For
example, despite known hazard exposure there have been increases in population
around the Vesuvius Volcano in Italy. In Mexico, informal construction of
houses in Mexico undermine good risk management planning practices.
…but also among non-governmental
stakeholders
· Business continuity planning: Businesses have shown to underinvest in
disaster prevention. For example, the
Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011
caused nearly 700 businesses to go
bankrupt and the UK Summer floods in
2007 created an average of 9 days of
business interruption.
· Global supply chains: Events such as the Great East Japan Earthquake or the
floods in Thailand have highlighted the vulnerability of current supply chain
systems, where the disruption in a critical element of the chain led to the shut-
down of entire manufacturing processes (Box 1).
· Individuals and households have consistently underinvested in protecting their
own assets, despite being aware of their exposure to risks. After the major
Marmara earthquake in 1999 only one-fifth of Istanbul’s population had taken
some preventive action as a result of this. Similarly, after the major floods in
Germany in 2002, 30 % of the directly affected citizens would still not consider
purchasing flood insurance for better individual protection in the future.
Hurricane Sandy in New York City in 2012 also revealed persistent under-
investment by individuals.
Why do resilience gaps persist?
Shortcomings in the provision of resilience measures are often rooted in the
existing risk governance frameworks
The decision of an individual household not to build protection against floods or
take up insurance may depend on the expectation of the government in doing so for them.
A local government’s decision to not invest in a protective dam may be undermined by
other communities not contributing to the costs, but enjoying the benefits. Central
government actors may be reluctant to invest more in resilience, because costs are visible
in the present but benefits may or may not materialize in the future. It is crucial to
identify such incentive barriers and address them if resilience against future disruptive
shocks was to be boosted.
Addressing disincentives for engaging in resilience
This report proposes a framework that helps identify bottlenecks to resilience
engagements in existing risk governance frameworks. It is based on the definition of
basic resilience targets and their achievements at the status quo. The mapping of the
institutional landscape, including all responsible actors, their current engagement and
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – 9
BOOSTING RESILIENCE THROUGH INNOVATIVE RISK GOVERNANCE © OECD 2014
their respective motivation, incentives, as well as power relationships seeks to reveal the
driving forces underlying the existing gaps. The identified shortcomings provide
information to adjust the institutional and governance arrangements to unleash the
engagement of all actors towards higher levels of resilience.
Figure 5. Diagnostic framework to boost resilience
Source: adapted from Fritz, V. et al. (2009), “Problem-Driven Governance and Political Economy Analysis. Good Practice
Framework”, The World Bank, Washington D.C.
Defining the resilience target
Identifying the gaps in the status quo: Shortcomings in current risk reduction measures
What are the
existing gaps at
the level of:
• Government (macro)
• Businesses and sectors (meso)
• Individuals and households (micro)
Evidence of gaps in each
category of resilience measures:
• Technical, engineering, biological, socio-economic, planning and regulatory measures
• Risk awareness • Risk financing • International collaboration
Examples:
• Infrastructure has not been adapted at the same pace as regulatory reforms
• Building code and land use regulations are not enforced
• Business continuity planning is not practiced at the meso-level
• Low take-up of individual risk protection measures
Understanding the context
Institutional and
governance
arrangements
and capacities
What are the associated
institutional and governance
arrangements and capacities:
• Who is responsible (macro, meso, micro) for providing the different risk reduction measures?
• What is each actor supposed to provide?
• Does each actor have the relevant expertise and financial resources to carry out the task?
Mapping of:
• Responsible actors, branches of government, ministries, agencies, private sector actors (insurers), regulatory and planning authorities, critical infrastructure providers, households
• Existing laws and regulations • Policy processes (formal rules and de facto) • Policy verification processes and tools
(monitoring and evaluation, oversight bodies)
Identifying the drivers
Understanding
the political
economy drivers
How can current deficiencies be
explained?
• What are the incentives and motivations for each actor’s
contribution (or lack thereof) to increasing resilience?
Analysis of:
• Stakeholders: understanding the financial, political, personal, motivations
• Incentives for commitments (or lack thereof), collective action, information asymmetries, principal-agent relationships, heuristics and biases, rent-seeking behaviour
• Types of relationships between actors and their power relations
10 – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
BOOSTING RESILIENCE THROUGH INNOVATIVE RISK GOVERNANCE © OECD 2014
Key policy recommendations – How to make resilience happen
Governments should not wait for the next disaster to happen
Making reform happen is a needed and welcome change; however aiming to do so
before a disaster occurs is more effective and efficient. Although past disasters have
unleashed risk governance reforms that saw previous implementation hurdles, they came
at a very high cost. Reforms following the aftermath of a disaster are often rushed and
resources spent swiftly, without a thorough needs assessment. All of this underscores the
importance of making reform happen before the onset of disasters, and not waiting until
other, more devastating, events occur.
Towards a frame of reference to boost resilience
Raising awareness of critical risks in order to mobilise households, businesses and
international stakeholders is crucial to foster investment in risk prevention and mitigation.
Governments should establish an institutional environment that incentivises all actors to
contribute to boosting resilience. The role and responsibility of each actor should be
acknowledged in contributing to the common goal of boosting resilience. This builds on
the recognition that collecting and sharing information on existing risks as well as on the
exposure to risks and underlying drivers of risk, is crucial. Governments can engage in a
number of concrete measures to enhance their own resilience actions for and to also
strengthen the engagement of private and non-governmental stakeholders.
· Inclusiveness: Adopt a whole-of-society approach to engage all actors in
strengthening resilience. Such a strategy is essential to align responsible risk
actors and their institutional frameworks.
· Risk ownership: Implement a framework that determines who “owns” a risk, or
who is responsible for sharing the responsibility and management of a risk and
which also clarifies accountability and liability for damages to third parties.
Foster the role of risk ownership by increasing risk communication, raising
awareness, engaging in risk dialogues among all stakeholders and owners and
managers of risks.
· Rewards: Build a culture of rewards that encourages pro-active behaviour to
increase resilience. Compare the management of risks to a business strategy,
where the emphasis is placed on achieving objectives rather than avoiding bad
outcomes.
· Trust: Emphasize the role of trust already prior to disasters to avoid costly
measures to restore trust in the aftermath of an event. Transparency and
accountability in managing resilience are key factors to maintaining trust in the
long-run.
· Cooperation: Encourage joint action through international collaboration, public-
private partnerships and across governmental sectors and levels to address the
trans-boundary and complex nature of future risks.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – 11
BOOSTING RESILIENCE THROUGH INNOVATIVE RISK GOVERNANCE © OECD 2014
· Sharing: Increase the collection and sharing of risk information by taking
advantage of „Big Data“. Triangulate information from governments and the
private sector as well as use crowding information from web-based sources.
· Monitoring: Ensure resilience measures adapt to changing risk patterns by
monitoring and evaluation risk trends and efforts based on multi-hazard analyses.
Monitoring and evaluation systems should consider evolving risk patterns,
including demographic, economic, technological, and environmental drivers, as
well as their inter-dependencies and potential cascading impacts.
The OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Critical Risks
To promote good practices in risk management in general, and in ex-ante
engagement to increase resilience through prevention and mitigation in particular, the
OECD has elaborated a draft Recommendation of the Council on the Governance of
Critical Risks. The draft Recommendation is designed to assist governments, policy
makers and senior officials charged with developing and maintaining robust risk
management frameworks and their implementation. The conclusions of this report and the
elaboration of the draft Recommendation will both contribute towards establishing a
catalogue of criteria to assess the achievements made in OECD countries in implementing
the advice set out in the draft Recommendation.
Let’s Make Wisdom Matter! Resilient Economies for
Inclusive Societies
Opening Remarks by Angel Gurría, OECD Secretary-General, delivered at the OECD Forum 2014
Paris, 5 May 2014 – 09h00
(As prepared for delivery)
Prime Minister Bratušek, Mr. Furman, Ministers, Ambassadors, Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to the 2014 OECD Forum. Welcome to the OECD Week. Welcome to this quest towards more Resilient Economies for More Inclusive Societies. I cannot think of more urgent endeavours in the realm of public policy and human well-being.
The great Gabriel García Márquez, our dear, recently departed Gabo, who is now surely in Macondo having a coffee with Colonel Aureliano Buendía, once wrote: “La sabiduría nos llega cuando ya no sirve para nada”. “Wisdom arrives to us when it’s no longer useful”. This Forum is an attempt to challenge that warning. After six years of crisis, the world needs our wisdom, our inspiration, our new ideas, now. There are billions of people waiting for that new idea, and that new idea can be born here at the OECD, in these three days. This is a timely meeting. The global economy is showing important signs of progress. Global GDP is expected to grow by close to 3.5% in 2014 and close to 4% in 2015. Global trade is growing again, with forecasts of 4.7% and 5.3% for 2014 and 2015. Global development aid rebounded last year to reach the highest level ever recorded. This is certainly good news. But it is not enough.
It is still not enough to bring the 202 million unemployed back to a decent job. This is not enough, when we have 73 million youngsters out of work. This is not enough, when inequalities in many countries are now growing faster than before the crisis. And this is certainly not enough, when trust in leaders, governments, parliaments, corporations, banks, rating agencies, regulators and media, is eroding and reaching record lows. This crisis should be a game-changer. We cannot go back to business as usual, to the same active inertia where high net worth individuals and multinationals don’t contribute their fair share to society; where the vulnerabilities of financial systems are camouflaged; where speculation and leverage keep flying high; and where some policy-makers and economists are still clinging to economic models that have been proven obsolete, wrong or unsustainable.
It is time to imagine a new type of growth that is focused on the wellbeing of people, on the benefits of equitable societies, on the trade-offs and complementarities of different policies in favour of human progress. I am talking about what we at the OECD call Inclusive Growth, one of the three main topics of this Forum and a central discussion in our 2014 MCM.
What do we mean by Inclusive Growth? Well, basically that economic growth should deliver better living
standards for all, and that increased prosperity must imply better social outcomes and greater well-being. A substantial commitment to social inclusion is imperative to achieving sustainable economic growth in the 21st century. With the right tools and policies, we can make it happen. The OECD’s Inclusive Growth Initiative takes up the
challenge. It aims to enhance policy makers’ understanding of the adverse effects of rising inequality on growth, and turn inclusiveness into a driver of stronger economic performance.
The second topic of this Forum is Jobs. This is still the centre of gravity of the crisis. The crisis destroyed
nearly 14 million jobs across OECD countries. In spite of recent progress, many of our countries are still facing unacceptably high levels of unemployment. A large segment of the unemployed are under 25. A worrying number has been out of work for more than a year. In the Euro area, by the end of 2013, one in two unemployed persons was out of work for 12 months or more (that's 17 million people). Fixing this deplorable situation implies some of the most complex policy challenges: How to create more decent jobs when companies are sitting on liquidity worth hundreds of billions of uninvested dollars? How to better help the unemployed to re-connect with the labour market when their skills are eroding fast? What kind of labour market rules can help us reduce inequality in a systemic way? We are here to address these issues. The OECD is helping governments tackle weak labour market adaptability and inadequate skills development. We are monitoring labour markets, training policy responses and migration trends. And we are accelerating our work to deal with youth unemployment with the OECD’s “Giving Youth a Better Start”.
If education and training don’t improve the lives of our youth, because at the end of these efforts they face the unemployment cliff, we will be undermining the most important value for any democracy and any market economy: trust!
This is the third topic that we will address in this Forum. One of the heaviest legacies of the crisis is the erosion of public trust to historically low levels. The 2014 Edelman Trust Barometer puts global trust in governments
at 44%, with record lows in places like France (with 32%), Mexico (28%) and Poland (19%). These are alarming numbers. The “evaporation of trust” in key institutions, weakens our democracies, erodes social cohesion, makes reform more difficult and damages economic growth. The OECD has a duty and a responsibility in reinvigorating trust. This Forum will give us the opportunity to test and enrich our work on key areas for public trust, like open and inclusive government, fair and transparent tax rules, anti-corruption policies, financial regulation, financial inclusion, and long term-investments. These are enormously important tools to recover trust in governments and leaders. As Diane Coyle wrote in a blog for this Forum: “we will only be able to make the necessary difficult decisions if there is enough trust in those whose job is to lead us.”
To achieve these goals it is also essential that we improve the productivity and the competitiveness of our economies. This is why we are also dealing with the overhauling of tax systems, the better understanding of Global Value Chains, the role of Knowledge Based Capital and the transition to greener economies. We need to look beyond a quick recovery fix to lay the foundations of a new type of growth that makes these crises impossible. So we will have to challenge conventional knowledge. We will need new economic thinking and acting. This is why the OECD has launched its New Approaches to Economic Challenges Initiative (NAEC), to revise our economics, to question the established models and improve our policy advice. After all:
hat is the point of economics if not to improve people’s lives? What is the point of economic policy if not to build more inclusive and harmonious societies? What is the value of international cooperation if not to share our knowledge to raise the living standards of the most vulnerable? Sometimes the simplest questions will generate the biggest truths!
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Please join me in thanking all the people that have made this encounter possible, the sponsors, the speakers and moderators, the interpreters, the technicians, the camera-men, the photographers, and all the OECD members and staff who have worked day and night to have everything ready today. Thanks also to the Japanese Chairman of the MCM who has also been present and supportive of this undertaking. Let’s make the most of this OECD Week to help our countries build more resilient economies and more inclusive societies. I encourage you to actively participate in our panels, IdeaFactories, in our Discovery Lab, and in the new edition of the Better Life Index. Feel free, speak out, dare to get it wrong, get it right, get it! Let’s prove Garcia Marquez wrong: let’s make wisdom count… today!
Have a great Forum! Thank you!