Post on 29-Oct-2015
1
Enunciado Principal del caso de estudio
Se desea disear todo el esquema de enrutamiento para la topologa que se
ilustra en la siguiente figura, acorde con las pautas establecidas en cada una
de las tareas que se definen a continuacin. El estudiante deber realizar el
diseo completo y documentarlo indicando pas a paso la solucin del mismo y
las estrategias que utiliz para alcanzar el objetivo.
Tarea 1:
Diseo y documentacin de un esquema de direccionamiento
Utilice la 172.16.0.0/16 para crear un esquema de direccionamiento eficiente
que cumpla los siguientes requisitos:
Nombre de host Interfaz Cantidad de hosts
R2 Fa0/1 1000
R3 Fa0/1 400
R4 Fa0/1 120
R5 Fa0/1 6000
R5 Fa0/0 800
R6 Fa0/1 2000
2
R6 Fa0/0 500
NOTA: observe que se han establecido las direcciones IP
correspondientes a la interfaz Fa0/0 en los routers R1, R2, R3 y R4 tal
como se ilustra en la siguiente tabla.
3
Dispositivo Interfaz Direccin IP Mscara de subred
R1
Fa0/0 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.248
Loopback0 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
R2
Fa0/0 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.248
Fa0/1 172.16.40.1 255.255.252.0
S0/0/0 172.16.52.130 255.255.255.252
R3
Fa0/0 10.10.10.3 255.255.255.248
Fa0/1 172.16.50.1 255.255.254.0
R4
Fa0/0 10.10.10.4 255.255.255.248
Fa0/1 172.16.52.1 255.255.255.128
S0/0/0 172.16.52.133 255.255.255.252
R5
Fa0/0 172.16.44.1 255.255.252.0
Fa0/1 172.16.0.1 255.255.224.0
S0/0/0 172.16.52.129 255.255.255.252
R6
Fa0/0 172.16.48.1 255.255.254.0
Fa0/1 172.16.32.1 255.255.248.0
S0/0/0 172.16.52.134 255.255.255.252
Se debe tener en cuenta que para establecer las direcciones IP para cada
subred debe hacer uso de VLSM e identificar para cada una de ellas las
siguientes direcciones IP:
1. Direccin de Subred. 2. Direccin de Gateway.
4
3. Direccin IP del primer PC de la subred. 4. Direccin IP de ltimo PC requerido en la subred. (Por ejemplo: Si
la subred posee 800 host, cul ser la direccin IP del Host 800). 5. Direccin de Broadcast. 6. Mscara de Subred.
Solucin Tarea 1:
Se realiza el esquema de direccionamiento tomando la red 172.16.0.0/16 y se
usa VLSM para obtener cada subred empezando la asignacin de subredes
desde la red ms grande que es R5 Fa0/1 con 6000 host hasta la R4 Fa0/1 de
120 host y de esta forma se obtienen los siguientes datos:
ROUTER SUBRED IP Primer
Host
Ip Ultimo
Host Broadcast
Mascara de
Subred
R2 Fa0/1
1000 Host
172.16.40.
0 172.16.40.1
172.16.43.25
4
172.16.43.25
5
/22
255.255.252.0
R3 /Fa0/1
400 Host
172.16.50.
0 172.16.50.1
172.16.51.25
4
172.16.51.25
5
/23
255.255.254.0
R4 Fa0/1
120 Host
172.16.52.
0 172.16.52.1
172.16.52.12
6
172.16.52.12
7
/25
255.255.255.12
8
R5 Fa0/1
6000 Host 172.16.0.0 172.16.0.1
172.16.31.25
4
172.16.31.25
5
/19
255.255.224.0
R5 Fa0/0
800 Host
172.16.44.
0 172.16.44.1
172.16.47.25
4
172.16.47.25
5
/22
255.255.252.0
R6 Fa0/1
2000 Host
172.16.32.
0 172.16.32.1
172.16.39.25
4
172.16.39.25
5
/21
255.255.248.0
R6 Fa0/0
500 Host
172.16.48.
0 172.16.48.1
172.16.49.25
4
172.16.49.25
5
/23
255.255.254.0
Enlaces entre Routers
5
Enlace R5 a R2:
SUBRED IP Primer
Host
Ip Ultimo
Host Broadcast
Mascara de
Subred
172.16.52.12
8
172.16.52.12
9
172.16.52.13
0
172.16.52.13
1
255.255.255.25
2
Enlace R4 a R6:
SUBRED IP Primer
Host
Ip Ultimo
Host Broadcast
Mascara de
Subred
172.16.52.13
2
172.16.52.13
3
172.16.52.13
4
172.16.52.13
5
255.255.255.25
2
Con los datos obtenidos se completa la tabla entregada para el
direccionamiento, los datos se colocaron en color rojo.
Tarea 2:
Aplicacin de una configuracin bsica.
Paso 1: En cada router, utilice el siguiente cuadro para completar las
configuraciones bsicas de contraseas del router.
Contrasea de consola
Contrasea de VTY
Contrasea secreta de enable
Frecuencia de reloj (si corresponde)
cisco cisco cisco 56000
Solucin Tarea 2:
6
Router 1:
R1(config)#enable secret cisco
R1(config)#line console 0
R1(config-line)#password cisco
R1(config-line)#login
R1(config-line)#exit
R1(config)#line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)#password cisco
R1(config-line)#login
R1(config-line)#exit
R1(config)#
Router 2:
R2(config)#enable secret cisco
R2(config)#line console 0
R2(config-line)#password cisco
R2(config-line)#login
R2(config-line)#exit
R2(config)#line vty 04
R2(config-line)#password cisco
R2(config-line)#login
R2(config-line)#exit
R2(config)#
7
Router 3:
R3(config)#enable secret cisco
R3(config)#line console 0
R3(config-line)#password cisco
R3(config-line)#login
R3(config-line)#exit
R3(config)#line vty 0 4
R3(config-line)#password cisco
R3(config-line)#login
R3(config-line)#exit
R3(config)#
Router 4:
R4(config)#enable secret cisco
R4(config)#line console 0
R4(config-line)#password cisco
R4(config-line)#login
R4(config-line)#exit
R4(config)#line vty 0 4
R4(config-line)#password cisco
R4(config-line)#login
R4(config-line)#exit
R4(config)#interface serial0/0/0
R4(config-if)#clock rate 56000
8
R4(config-if)#
Router 5
R5(config)#enable secret cisco
R5(config)#line console 0
R5(config-line)#password cisco
R5(config-line)#login
R5(config-line)#exit
R5(config)#line vty 0 4
R5(config-line)#password cisco
R5(config-line)#login
R5(config-line)#exit
R5(config)#interface serial0/0/0
R5(config-if)#clock rate 56000
R5(config-if)#
Router 6
R6(config)#enable secret cisco
R6(config)#line console 0
R6(config-line)#password cisco
R6(config-line)#login
R6(config-line)#exit
R6(config)#line vty 0 4
R6(config-line)#password cisco
9
R6(config-line)#login
R6(config-line)#exit
R6(config)#
Tarea 3:
Configurar el enrutamiento OSPF
Paso 1: Configurar el enrutamiento OSPF en cada router.
Paso 2: Verifique que se hayan aprendido todas las rutas.
Solucin Tarea 3:
Configuracin del enrutamiento.
Router 2
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.7
R2(config-router)#network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.7 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.40.0 0.0.3.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.52.128 0.0.0.3 area 0
R2(config-router)#end
R2#
10
Router 3
R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.7 area 0
R3(config-router)#network
01:49:18: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.52.130 on
FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R3(config-router)#network 172.16.50.0 0.0.1.255 area 0
R3(config-router)#
Router 4
R4(config)#router ospf 1
R4(config-router)#network 10.10.10.4 0.0.0.7 area 0
R4(config-router)#network
01:54:31: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.52.130 on
FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
01:54:31: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.50.1 on FastEthernet0/0
from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R4(config-router)#network 172.16.52.0 0.0.0.127 area 0
R4(config-router)#network 172.16.52.132 0.0.0.3 area 0
R4(config-router)#
Router 1
11
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.7 area 0
R1(config-router)#
Router 5
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.44.0 0.0.3.255 area 0
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0 0.0.31.255 area 0
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.52.128 0.0.0.3 area 0
R5(config-router)#
03:36:41: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.52.130 on Serial0/0/0
from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R5(config-router)#passive-interface fastethernet0/0
R5(config-router)#passive-interface fastethernet0/1
R5(config-router)#
Router 6
R6(config)#router ospf 1
R6(config-router)#network 172.16.48.0 0.0.1.255 area 0
R6(config-router)#network 172.16.32.0 0.0.7.255 area 0
R6(config-router)#network 172.16.52.132 0.0.0.3 area 0
R6(config-router)#
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03:45:43: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.52.133 on Serial0/0/0
from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R6(config)#router ospf 1
R6(config-router)#passive-interface fastethernet0/0
R6(config-router)#passive-interface fastethernet0/1
R6(config-router)#
Verificacin de rutas OSPF.
R1>show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0
10.0.0.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.10.10.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 6 masks
O 172.16.0.0/19 [110/66] via 10.10.10.2, 00:06:18, FastEthernet0/0
13
O 172.16.32.0/21 [110/66] via 10.10.10.4, 00:06:08, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.40.0/22 [110/2] via 10.10.10.2, 00:06:18, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.44.0/22 [110/66] via 10.10.10.2, 00:06:18, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.48.0/23 [110/66] via 10.10.10.4, 00:06:08, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.50.0/23 [110/2] via 10.10.10.3, 00:06:08, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.52.0/25 [110/2] via 10.10.10.4, 00:06:08, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.52.128/30 [110/65] via 10.10.10.2, 00:06:18, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.52.132/30 [110/65] via 10.10.10.4, 00:06:08, FastEthernet0/0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Loopback0
R2>show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 10.10.10.1 to network 0.0.0.0
10.0.0.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.10.10.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 6 masks
O 172.16.0.0/19 [110/65] via 172.16.52.129, 00:10:47, Serial0/0/0
O 172.16.32.0/21 [110/66] via 10.10.10.4, 00:10:11, FastEthernet0/0
14
C 172.16.40.0/22 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O 172.16.44.0/22 [110/65] via 172.16.52.129, 00:10:47, Serial0/0/0
O 172.16.48.0/23 [110/66] via 10.10.10.4, 00:10:11, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.50.0/23 [110/2] via 10.10.10.3, 00:10:11, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.52.0/25 [110/2] via 10.10.10.4, 00:10:11, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.16.52.128/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
O 172.16.52.132/30 [110/65] via 10.10.10.4, 00:10:11, FastEthernet0/0
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 10.10.10.1, 00:10:11, FastEthernet0/0
R3>show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 10.10.10.1 to network 0.0.0.0
10.0.0.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.10.10.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 6 masks
O 172.16.0.0/19 [110/66] via 10.10.10.2, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.32.0/21 [110/66] via 10.10.10.4, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0
15
O 172.16.40.0/22 [110/2] via 10.10.10.2, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.44.0/22 [110/66] via 10.10.10.2, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.48.0/23 [110/66] via 10.10.10.4, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.16.50.0/23 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O 172.16.52.0/25 [110/2] via 10.10.10.4, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.52.128/30 [110/65] via 10.10.10.2, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.52.132/30 [110/65] via 10.10.10.4, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 10.10.10.1, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0
R4>show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 10.10.10.1 to network 0.0.0.0
10.0.0.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.10.10.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 6 masks
O 172.16.0.0/19 [110/66] via 10.10.10.2, 00:11:38, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.32.0/21 [110/65] via 172.16.52.134, 00:12:23, Serial0/0/0
16
O 172.16.40.0/22 [110/2] via 10.10.10.2, 00:11:38, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.44.0/22 [110/66] via 10.10.10.2, 00:11:38, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.48.0/23 [110/65] via 172.16.52.134, 00:12:23, Serial0/0/0
O 172.16.50.0/23 [110/2] via 10.10.10.3, 00:11:38, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.16.52.0/25 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O 172.16.52.128/30 [110/65] via 10.10.10.2, 00:11:38, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.16.52.132/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 10.10.10.1, 00:11:38, FastEthernet0/0
R5>show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 172.16.52.130 to network 0.0.0.0
10.0.0.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 10.10.10.0 [110/65] via 172.16.52.130, 00:12:29, Serial0/0/0
172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 6 masks
C 172.16.0.0/19 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O 172.16.32.0/21 [110/130] via 172.16.52.130, 00:12:19, Serial0/0/0
17
O 172.16.40.0/22 [110/65] via 172.16.52.130, 00:13:04, Serial0/0/0
C 172.16.44.0/22 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.48.0/23 [110/130] via 172.16.52.130, 00:12:19, Serial0/0/0
O 172.16.50.0/23 [110/66] via 172.16.52.130, 00:12:19, Serial0/0/0
O 172.16.52.0/25 [110/66] via 172.16.52.130, 00:12:19, Serial0/0/0
C 172.16.52.128/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
O 172.16.52.132/30 [110/129] via 172.16.52.130, 00:12:19, Serial0/0/0
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 172.16.52.130, 00:12:19, Serial0/0/0
R6#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 172.16.52.133 to network 0.0.0.0
10.0.0.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 10.10.10.0 [110/65] via 172.16.52.133, 00:12:56, Serial0/0/0
172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 6 masks
O 172.16.0.0/19 [110/130] via 172.16.52.133, 00:12:56, Serial0/0/0
C 172.16.32.0/21 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
18
O 172.16.40.0/22 [110/66] via 172.16.52.133, 00:12:56, Serial0/0/0
O 172.16.44.0/22 [110/130] via 172.16.52.133, 00:12:56, Serial0/0/0
C 172.16.48.0/23 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.50.0/23 [110/66] via 172.16.52.133, 00:12:56, Serial0/0/0
O 172.16.52.0/25 [110/65] via 172.16.52.133, 00:13:41, Serial0/0/0
O 172.16.52.128/30 [110/129] via 172.16.52.133, 00:12:56, Serial0/0/0
C 172.16.52.132/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 172.16.52.133, 00:12:56, Serial0/0/0
Tarea 4:
Ajuste refinado de OSPF
Paso 1: Utilice las siguientes pautas para completar esta tarea:
R1 nunca participar en una eleccin DR/BDR.
R2 siempre ser el DR
R3 y R4 tendrn la misma prioridad de 100.
R4 debe ser siempre el BDR
NOTA: SE DEBEN ESTABLECER TODAS LAS PRIORIDADES EN FA0/0
Paso 2: Fuerce una eleccin DR/DBR.
Solucin Tarea 4:
En R1 se observa que su estado es de DROTHER.
Router 1
R1>show ip ospf interface
19
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 10.10.10.1/29, Area 0
Process ID 1, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DROTHER, Priority 0
Designated Router (ID) 172.16.52.130, Interface address 10.10.10.2
Backup Designated Router (ID) 172.16.52.133, Interface address 10.10.10.4
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:05
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 3, Adjacent neighbor count is 2
Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.52.130 (Designated Router)
Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.52.133 (Backup Designated Router)
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Luego de realizer la respectiva configuracin en R2 se puede ver que su
estado es DR.
Router 2
R2>show ip ospf interface
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 10.10.10.2/29, Area 0
Process ID 1, Router ID 172.16.52.130, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 255
20
Designated Router (ID) 172.16.52.130, Interface address 10.10.10.2
Backup Designated Router (ID) 172.16.52.133, Interface address 10.10.10.4
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:03
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 3, Adjacent neighbor count is 3
Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.52.133 (Backup Designated Router)
Adjacent with neighbor 1.1.1.1
Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.50.1
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Router 3
R3>show ip ospf interface
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 10.10.10.3/29, Area 0
Process ID 1, Router ID 172.16.50.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DROTHER, Priority 100
Designated Router (ID) 172.16.52.130, Interface address 10.10.10.2
Backup Designated Router (ID) 172.16.52.133, Interface address 10.10.10.4
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:04
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
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Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 3, Adjacent neighbor count is 2
Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.52.130 (Designated Router)
Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.52.133 (Backup Designated Router)
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Router 4:
R4>show ip ospf interface
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 10.10.10.4/29, Area 0
Process ID 1, Router ID 172.16.52.133, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 100
Designated Router (ID) 172.16.52.130, Interface address 10.10.10.2
Backup Designated Router (ID) 172.16.52.133, Interface address 10.10.10.4
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:09
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 3, Adjacent neighbor count is 3
Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.52.130 (Designated Router)
Adjacent with neighbor 1.1.1.1
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Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.50.1
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Configuracin de Prioridad:
R1(config)#interface fastethernet0/0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf priority 0
R1(config-if)#end
R2(config)#interface fastethernet0/0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf priority 255
R2(config-if)#end
R4(config)#interface fastethernet0/0
R4(config-if)#ip ospf priority 100
R4(config-if)#end
R3(config)#interface fastethernet0/0
R3(config-if)#ip ospf priority 100
R3(config-if)#end
En el siguiente texto se observa el estado de los routers desde R1.
R1#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
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172.16.52.130 255 FULL/DR 00:00:32 10.10.10.2 FastEthernet0/0
172.16.52.133 100 FULL/BDR 00:00:32 10.10.10.4 FastEthernet0/0
172.16.50.1 100 2WAY/DROTHER 00:00:32 10.10.10.3
FastEthernet0/0
R1#
Tarea 5:
Configuracin de un loopback
Paso 1: En R1 configure un loopback con una direccin 1.1.1.1/32.
Paso 2: Cree una ruta por defecto al loopback
Paso 3: Propague la ruta con actualizaciones OSPF.
Solucin Tarea 5:
En el siguiente punto se observan las interfaces configuradas en R1, se
resalta la configuracin de loopback solicitada.
R1>show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 10.10.10.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Loopback0 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Creacin de ruta por defecto al loopback en R1.
R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 loopback0
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R1(config)#
Propagacin de ruta con actualizaciones OSPF en R1.
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#default-information originate
Tarea 6:
Visualizacin de las actualizaciones OSPF.
Paso 1: Ingrese al modo Simulacin
Paso 2: Seleccione solamente OSPF en el filtro.
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Paso 3: Visualice las actualizaciones.
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CONCLUSIONES
Las redes de datos cumplen una funcin importante en facilitar la comunicacin
dentro de la red humana global, admiten la forma en que vivimos, aprendemos
trabajamos y jugamos. Proporcionan la plataforma para los servicios que nos
permiten conectarnos, en forma local y global, con nuestra familia y amigos,
como as tambin con nuestro trabajo e intereses. Esta plataforma respalda el
uso de textos, grficos, videos y voz.
En el caso de la red objeto de estudio, fue evidente como se produce la
comunicacin entre varios dispositivos a saber, router, pc, switches, que
mediante configuraciones previas mediante direccionamiento ip hacen posible
su efectividad.
Por otro lado se puede concluir que:
El enrutamiento es fundamental para cualquier red de datos, ya que
transfiere informacin a travs de una internetwork de origen a destino.
Los Routers aprenden sobre redes remotas ya sea de manera dinmica
o utilizando protocolos de enrutamiento o de manera manual, utilizando
rutas estticas.
Las rutas estticas se utilizan generalmente cuando se enruta desde una
red a una red de conexin nica. Una red de conexin nica es una red
a la que se accede por una sola ruta. Las rutas estticas se configuran
para obtener conectividad a redes remotas que no estn conectadas
directamente al Router.
Un Router con encaminamiento dinmico; es capaz de entender la red y
pasar las rutas entre Routers vecinos. Con esto quiero decir que es la
propia red gracias a los Routers con routing dinmico los que al agregar
nuevos nodos o perderse algn enlace es capaz de poner/quitar la ruta
del nodo en cuestin en la tabla de rutas del resto de la red o de buscar
un camino alternativo o ms ptimo en caso que fuese posible49.
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Los Routers de un entorno multiacceso, como un entorno Ethernet,
deben elegir un Router Designado (DR) y un Router Designado de
Reserva (BDR) para que representen a la red. Un DR lleva a cabo
tareas de envi y sincronizacin. El BDR solo actuara si el DR falla.
Cada Router debe establecer una adyacencia con el DR y el BDR50.
OSPF es un protocolo de enrutamiento de estado de enlace desarrollado
como reemplazo del protocolo de enrutamiento por vector de distancia:
RIP OSPF enfatiza el uso de rutas ms cortas y accesibles mediante la
arquitectura de un mapa de la red mediante bases de datos con
informacin sobre sistemas locales y vecinos. Es capaz de calcular que
distancia hay para cada posible ruta y escoge que ruta es la ms corta
para acceder a su destino.
El protocolo OSPF presenta rpida deteccin de cambios en la topologa
y restablecimiento muy rpido de rutas sin bucles; es de poca
sobrecarga, usa actualizaciones que informan de los cambios de rutas,
adems usa multienvio en las redes de rea local.