שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006...

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79 , " 2006 , 86-37 ISSN 0552-2761 * * , , . De Gregorio and Wolf ) 1994 ( , , . Balassa-Samuelson Baumol-Bowen . , , , , , . , , , , , , . , , . , , , , . , , - , , , . , , , . , , * , . , , ' , , .

Transcript of שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006...

Page 1: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

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Page 4: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

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Page 5: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

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Page 6: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

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Page 7: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

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Page 8: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

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Page 9: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

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Page 10: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

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Page 11: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

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Page 27: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

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)1 (

) 6:(

" " - . " " 7 ,

.- ,-2

, ,

.

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69

5 , 1

) :1973/I 2004/IV , t(

LOG LOG LOG LOG

-0.007(-3.31)

-12

" " -0.402 -0.366 -0.165 -0.139(-6.73) (-5.23) (-3.06) (-2.59)

LOG 0.236 1.188(1.80) (13.86)

LOG -0.225(-2.29)

LOG -0.385(-5.34)

LOG 67 0.591(4.78)

LOG 1.582(3.18)

LOG -1 0.333(2.42)

LOG -0.132(-4.44)

LOG 0.064(3.39)

LOG 0.115(3.82)

LOG 1.271(6.00)2.770(8.55)

LOG 0.083(2.62)

LOG - LOG -0.176(-2.43)

LOG -3 -0.561(-2.65)

LOG -4 -0.04(-3.08)

( /100 -4 0.024(2.40)

-1 0.349(5.31)

-1 * 70-85 -0.189(-2.71)

-1 * 85-88 -0.318(-4.12)

-1 -1 -0.099(-3.94)

-1 -1 * 85-88 0.148(3.10)

-1 3.853(3.05)

2 0.66 0.44 0.78 0.50

125 125 125 1252.19 2.02 2.20 1.92

1 ( 3sls. 2( : � 3

1 , � 4 1 , � 1 3. ,

. , , .

Page 34: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

79 70

,; ) ( ,

, ; , ; .

.

)( , - , , .

.- ,

- . - ,

) ( - .

- , . , ,

� , - .

, , , , -

.) . ( - , ,

.

, . , ,

, ;

, � . -

- , , .

Page 35: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

71

6 1

1974/IV-1985/II

3sls 2sls ols 2sls 2sls 2sls-0.007 -0.006 -0.006 -0.007 -0.009(-3.31) (-2.64) (-2.66) (-3.20) (-4.24)

-1 -0.139 -0.149 -0.137 -0.441 -0.147 -0.126(-2.59) (-2.62) (-2.65) (-3.60) (-2.08) (-2.10)

LOG - LOG -0.176 -0.166 -0.133 -0.193 -0.175(-2.43) (-2.16) (-3.25) (-2.75) (-1.85)

LOG -3 -0.561 -0.540 -0.515 -0.558(-2.65) (-2.42) (-2.33) (-1.85)

LOG -4 -0.04 -0.04 -0.04 -0.190 -0.033 -0.042(-3.08) (-2.86) (-3.13) (-2.47) (-2.45) (-3.52)

( /100 -4 0.024 0.022 0.023(2.40) (2.05) (2.13)

-13,4 0.349 0.370 0.366 0.134 0.383 0.196

(5.31) (5.27) (5.23) (4.22) (6.21) (2.44)

-1 70-853,4

-0.189 -0.216 -0.207(-2.71) (-2.90) (-2.80)

-1 85-883,4

-0.318 -0.336 -0.326 -0.347 -0.254(-4.12) (-4.07) (-4.00) (-4.96) (-3.63)

-1 -1 -0.099 -0.097 -0.095 -0.067 -0.125 -0.140(-3.94) (-3.56) (-3.51) (-2.03) (-2.14) (-2.62)

-1 -1 85-883,4

0.148 0.154 0.150 0.173 0.215(3.10) (3.00) (2.97) (2.61) (3.42)

0.216(3.67)

-4 -0.1582-0.081

(-3.99) (-2.06)

-15 3.853 3.044 3.220 12.295

(3.05) (2.22) (2.48) (2.87)(1) 0.506

(2.43)(2) 0.302

(1.69)2 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.55 0.54 0.59

125 125 126 43 77 771.92 1.85 1.85 2.05 1.94 2.06

1985/III-2004/IV1973/I-2004/IV

1( , :res_xed res_imed LOG(i/y),

LOG(pop). ,, (yind/yb) (up-1), LOG(tot), LOG(wt), LOG(wt-1), LOG(y-1). 2( : DE-4-DEA-5.

3( DE . .

4( DEA DEt-1 DEt-4. 5( VAR_E DE , -DE.

Page 36: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

79 72

,- . ,

. � ) 1989 ( ) ( � -, ,

, , , 33.

: 1985 , ,

, - .

1988-1985 , , , 2004-1989 , ,

34 .

. , ,

. 7 .

" " ) ( ,

. , , " " , )

, ( ; .

33 )2001 .( 34 ,

, . , , ,

.

Page 37: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

73

7 1

1985/III-2004/IV 1973/III-1985/II

3sls 2sls ols 2sls 2sls

-1 -0.366 -0.360 -0.339 -0.352 -0.315(-5.23) (-5.00) (-4.84) (-3.62) (-2.84)

LOG -0.225 -0.215 -0.171 -0.408 -0.168(-2.29) (-2.12) (-2.30) (-3.00) (-1.20)

LOG 0.083 0.065 0.081 0.037 0.109(2.62) (1.93) (2.58) (0.75) (2.13)

LOG 1.271 1.303 1.074 1.077 1.035(6.00) (5.95) (6.71) (4.89) (2.54)

2.770 2.786 2.908 2.863 2.627(8.55) (8.32) (9.82) (5.12) (5.46)

2 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.44

125 125 125 77 48

2.02 2.02 1.98 1.97 1.83

1973/III-2004/IV

1( ,:

res_px_py-1, (de-dea-1), (de-dea-1)*dum_70_85, (de-dea-1)*dum_85_88, (de-1-dea-2), (de-1-dea-2)*dum_85_88, (var_e-1), (rs-4)/100, (LOG(i/y)), (LOG(i/y-1)), res_xed-1,

(LOG(wt)), (LOG(wt-1)), (LOG(tourists)), (LOG(aind67)), (LOG(pop)), (LOG(gd)), (LOG(up).((.

)2 (

)2004:4-1973:1 ( ) 8 :( " " ,

-20 , ,

. -8-7 .

� � ) ( .

, .

, - , " " ,

, , .

Page 38: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

79 74

8 1

1985/III-2004/IV 1973/III-1985/II

3sls 2sls ols 2sls 2sls

-1 -0.402 -0.411 -0.407 -0.338 -0.531(-6.73) (-6.54) (-6.53) (-5.04) (-4.08)

LOG 0.236 0.249 0.239 0.052 0.493(1.80) (1.82) (2.64) (0.31) (2.73)

LOG( _67 0.591 0.588 0.564 0.629 0.369(4.78) (4.48) (4.30) (3.54) (1.89)

LOG -1 0.333 0.319 0.309 0.449 -0.111(2.42) (2.14) (2.06) (2.46) (-0.43)

LOG 0.064 0.063 0.065 0.064 0.068(3.39) (3.15) (3.27) (3.32) (1.26)

LOG 1.582 1.779 1.765 1.048 1.728(3.18) (3.31) (3.29) (1.64) (1.87)

LOG -0.132 -0.135 -0.136 0.315 -0.161(-4.44) (-4.25) (-4.25) (1.98) (-3.44)

LOG 0.115 0.098 0.100 0.079 0.098(3.82) (3.01) (3.07) (1.74) (2.24)

2 0.66 0.66 0.65 0.56 0.78

125 125 126 77 48

2.19 2.18 2.16 2.22 2.24

1973/III-2004/IV

1( ,:

(LOG(px/py)-1), (LOG(wt)), (LOG(tot)), (LOG(up)), (de-dea-1), (de-1-dea-2), var_e-1 , (rs)/100, (LOG(i/y)) res_px_py-1, (LOG(y-1).

:

, , )

1 .( : ,

. , ,

: , , , . ,

. , ,

Page 39: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

75

), ( , , , .

:1

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

,

� -1973:3�1980:1 , 95%

.

,

, " " . , . ,

- ; , , ), 2003 .(

,

. , ,- ,

, .

. , .

, , ) 1997a Chinn ( ) , 1998 (

Page 40: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

79 76

, , 35 .

, , : " "

, -9 ; , ,

, . )0.55(,

)0.65.(

: " " , , -9 ;

, , , , - ,

; , , , , -

; ) (,

. , )( , ,

, � .

, . :

)(, � ) ( ,

) : ( , .

35 , .

Page 41: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

77

9 1

1985/III-2004/IV 1973/III-1985/II

3sls 2sls ols 2sls 2sls

-1 -0.366 -0.360 -0.339 -0.352 -0.315(-5.23) (-5.00) (-4.84) (-3.62) (-2.84)

LOG -0.225 -0.215 -0.171 -0.408 -0.168(-2.29) (-2.12) (-2.30) (-3.00) (-1.20)

LOG 0.083 0.065 0.081 0.037 0.109(2.62) (1.93) (2.58) (0.75) (2.13)

LOG 1.271 1.303 1.074 1.077 1.035(6.00) (5.95) (6.71) (4.89) (2.54)

2.770 2.786 2.908 2.863 2.627(8.55) (8.32) (9.82) (5.12) (5.46)

2 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.44

125 125 125 77 48

2.02 2.02 1.98 1.97 1.83

1973/III-2004/IV

1( ,:

(LOG(pop)), (LOG(gd)), (LOG(up)), (LOG(up)), res_pm_py-1, (de-dea-1), (LOG(olim-1)), var_e-1 ,(LOG(aind67)), (LOG(wt-1)), (LOG(wt)), (LOG(tot))

(rs), (de-1-dea-2).

, 3 ,

- , , . , , ; , .

Page 42: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

79 78

1

'-1 , ,1960 2004

) 2000( .

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00

.

0

10

20

30

40

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00

.

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00

Px_py Px_pyb

Page 43: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

79

'-2 ,1960 2004 ) 2000(

.

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00

.

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00

Page 44: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

79 80

'-3 , * ,

1973/II 2004/IV ) ( ) , 2000(

.

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

75 80 85 90 95 00

.

15

20

25

30

35

40

75 80 85 90 95 00

.

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

75 80 85 90 95 00

- - - - _________ * ) 1 4 ( ) 1 3 .( , .

Page 45: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

81

'-4 " ,1961 2004

) , 100=1969(

.

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00

. "

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

1.00

1.02

1.04

65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00

"

Page 46: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

79 82

2 DGW

'-1 PX/PN

. ,

* , - .

. - ,

Xmax

X

X0

PX/PN = AN/AT

N N0

U*(X,N) = F{U(m,n)} C •

Nmax •

NN0

PXPN

C• S

*

0PXPN

D

Nmax

Page 47: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

83

'-2

PX/PN

.

.

N0

PX/PN = AN/AT

U*(X,N) = F{U(m,n)}

N

X0

X

S

D

•C

N0 N

*

0PXPN

PXPN

Page 48: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

79 84

'-3 ) (X

* ". ** .

XE0 = X0 � XD0 ; DDBDW ; ACSX

**

X0 X XD0

++

DD(Y)

PMPX

PMPX

A• •

B C•

DW

+

*

*)(,,,

PNPXKLAT

S X

+

+

X0 X XD0

++

DD(Y)

*

0PMPX

*

PMPX

A• •

B C•

DW

+

*

*)(

,,, **

PNPXKLAT

S X

+

Page 49: שער החליפין הריאלי וסחר החוץ של ישראל · 2016-11-21 · 86-37 ,2006 " ,79 ISSN 0552-2761 * *, , ., (1994 ) De Gregorio and Wolf . , .Baumol-Bowen Balassa-Samuelson

85

, ' ' )2001(. , - , ')( :

, ') 1998.( :1997-1980 98.05 , , .

, ' ' )1994(. " : " ,.

Balassa, B. (1964). �The Purchasing Power Parity doctrine: A

reappraisal�, Journal of Political Economy 72. Bergvall, A. (2004). �What determines the real exchange rates? The

Nordic countries�, The Scandinavian Journal of Economics 106 (2).

Braude, J. (2000). Age structure and the real exchange rate, Discussion paper No. 2000.10, Research Department, Bank of Israel.

Chinn, M.D. (1997). Sectoral productivity, government spending and real exchange rates: Empirical evidence for OECD countries, National Bureau of Economic Research discussion paper No. 6017.

Chinn, M.D. (1997). The usual suspects ? Productivity and demand shocks and Asia-Pacific real exchange rates, National Bureau of Economic Research discussion paper No. 6108.

De, Gregorio J. and H. Wolf (1994). Terms of trade, productivity, and the real exchange rate, National Bureau of Economic Research discussion paper No. 4807.

Froot, K.A. and K. Rogoff (1995). Perspectives on PPP and long run real exchange rates, Handbook of International Economics Volume 3, G.M. Grossman and K, Rogoff (eds)., Elsevier North Holland, Amsterdam, New York and Oxford.

Garcia, P. (1998). Income inequality and the real exchange rate, mimeo, MIT.

Lane, P.R. and G.M. Milesi-Ferretti (2002). External wealth, the trade balance, and the real exchange rate, European Economic Review

46.

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79 86

Lavi, Y. and M. Strawczynski (2002). Policy variables and growth: evidence from Israel, Applied Economics Letters, 9(2), 81-86.

Marston, R. (1987). Real exchange rates and productivity growth in the United States and Japan, Real financial linkages among open economies, S. Arndt and J.D Richardson, (eds)., MIT press, Cambridge, MA.

Obstfeld, M. and K. Roggof, (1995). The intertemporal approach to the current account, Handbook of International Economics Volume 3, G.M. Grossman and K, Rogoff eds., Elsevier North Holland, Amsterdam, New York and Oxford.

Romanov, D. (2003). The real exchange rate and the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis: an appraisal of Israel's case since 1986, Discussion paper No. 2003.09, Research Department, Bank of Israel.

Samuelson, P.A. (1964). �Theoretical notes on trade problems�, The Review of Economics and Statistics 46.