07.1 Recicladores criticando Decreto Minambiente que propone libre competencia en recoleccion de...

8/7/2019 07.1 Recicladores criticando Decreto Minambiente que propone libre competencia en recoleccion de reciclaje

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Bmthbjb T{hw-Tkv}tk~l

Ctl`7 Jlotb ^bmhiib Okttktb Ubtdkv~Na`bhi*fl`PVkj}7 ]{kvmb) B{a{v} >6) 4>2> 267=6]l7 btb`dhkj}biNboll*fl`5 fb`hil}lttkv28825 bt{d4>2>Nol}`bhi*fl`*bt5 `hb>2245 Fbtilv

Shfkj}k mk Tl{x T*5 Fbtilv Km{btml Jhòl Fkv~kmkv5 @BAMB R[HVR[KIIB DBTHJBVSHIIB@HWBT5 Mbhtl Bicljvl @bt}hjkw A{kttb5 Vhishl T{hw Athvbikv5 FhShVLI*** ~btb ki fb`dhlvhv}k`hfl5 bikx BVLDLV[T `ljtl5 Fll~ktb}hsb Tkfhfibmltkv Fbt`kj5 Cilt @bthb Tbjaki5@t @bthl Il~kw @ltb5 Fll~ktb}hsb Tkfhfibmltkv X{`dl5 Bvlfhbfhlj I{w Sktmk5 BvlfhbfhljTkfhfibmltkv Lthjlr{hb5 Bvlfhbfhlj V{t Lffhmkj}k Vlikmbm5 Fll~* ]tbd**Bvlf* mkTkfhfibmltkv B`halv mki C{}{tl mk [v`k5 Vkftk}bthb Tkm Ib}hjlb`kthfbjb mk Tkfhfibmltkv5Vbj}l kv~lih}l @{thiil Ba{httk5 Lvfbt Gbshkt Bta{`kml V{btkw5 Jkii Dljhiib Sh}lshw5 jkivljvhilk al`kw5 Fbtilv Gbhtl Tb`htkw5 Ltabjhwbfhöj mk Fltl}ktlv Tkfhfibmltkv mk Ekjjkm5Fll~ktb}hsb mk ]tbdbgl Bvlfhbml [C^TB@K5 Thfbtml ]kiikw5 J[KSL OLTHWLJ]KFLL^KTB]HSB5 Fll~ktb}hsb ^ibjk}b Sktmk5 Fll~ktb}hsb Tkjbfkt Sbiikm{~bt

V{dgkf}7 Kjshl Mkftk}l @@BSM]- fl`kj}bmlB}}bfo`kj}v7 mkftk}l tkfhfibgk ihdtk fl`~k}kjfhb-@@BSM]-[S*~mc

Fb}kalthkv7 6 Ib D kv S , ] hv I

Fltmhbi x ctb}ktjbi vbi{ml b~tkfhbmlv tkfhfibmltkv*

Bmg{j}l kv}b`lv kjshbjml ki mlf{`kj}l mk ib tkcktkjfhb) fl`kj}bml mk bf{ktml b ibv fljvhmktbfhljkv

~tkvkj}bmbv kj ibv 6 tk{jhljkv mk }tbdbgl*

Vkb kv}b ib l~lt}{hjmbm) ~btb batbmkfkt b ihmktkv x ltabjhwbfhljkv flj v{v dbvkv) ~lt ki bm`htbdik }tbdbgl mk

tkflikffhöj mk `bv mk 2> `hi cht`bv mk tkv~biml bi mlf{`kj}l mk tkfobwl kjshbml b ilv aldhktjlv jbfhljbi x

@{jhfh~bikv x b ilv ltabjhv`lv mk flj}tli) fl`l `{kv}tb fibtb mk ib mk}kt`jhbfhlj mk ibv ltabjhwbfhljkv mk

tkfhfibmltkv mk mkckjmkt v{ ikah}h`l mktkfol b `bj}kjktvk kj v{ lchfhl x ftkfkt kj ib fbmkjb mk sbilt mk ilvtkvhm{lv*Vka{h`lv b ib kv~ktb mk ibv fh{mbmkv r{k cbi}bj) x batbfkmk`lv ~tlc{jmb`kj}k b ibv r{k obj okfol

g{hfhlvbv ib }btkb*

Kv}b hjhfhb}hsb) ob vktshml ~btb tkbjh`bt bi atk`hl b {jht kvc{ktwlv) }tbm{fhkjmlvk kj ib bihbjwb mk `lsh`hkj}lv

~btb mkckjmkt ib tk~tkvkj}b}hshmbm mk ibv ltabjhwbfhljkv x mk kv}bv fl`l ib shb `bv ikah}h`b mk bffkvl bi

tkfljlfh`hkj}l x b ibv l~lt}{jhmbmkv mk bt}hf{ibfhöj kj}tk ki lchfhl mk ilv tkfhfibmltkv x ki vktshfhl mk bvkl*

Vlj `{folv ilv k`db}kv) `{x dhkj ltabjhwbmlv mki atk`hl mk ilv l~ktbmltkv mk bvkl x v{v mkikabmlv kj ilv

aldhktjlv) ~ktl }b`dhkj il vlj ibv bv~htbfhljkv mk ib ~ldibfhöj tkfhfibmltb x v{v jkfkvhmbmkv) ibv f{bikv kv}bj

bjh`bjml `{x dhkj b ib oltb mk ib mkckjvb*

Kv `l}hsl mk lta{iil) fljv}b}bt r{k ibv ltabjhwbfhljkv vkthbv) obj bv{`hml ki tk}l x vk kv}bj bihjhkjbml kj

{j vlil ~tl~lvh}l$ ib mkckjvb mki mktkfol mk ilv tkhfibmltkv mk Lchfhl b v{ }tbdbgl x b ftkfkt kj ki kj

fljmhfhljkv mk mhajhmbm$



4

Ikv tk{al tkkjshbt b ilv r{k cbi}kj***

Dkjmhfhljkv

JLOTB ^BMHIIB

VKFTK]BTHB ]KFJHFB



BJBIHVHV MK IBV LTABJHWBFHLJKV MK TKFHFIBMLTKV MK FLIL@DHB

Ki atk`hl ltabjhwbml mk ilv tkfhfibmltkv) b{jbjml kvc{ktwl kj}tk `âv mk 2>>ltabjhwbfhljkv kj}tk kiibv ib Bvlfhbfhöj Jbfhljbi mk Tkfhfibmltkv v{v 22 tkahljbikv)ki @lsh`hkj}l kj Dlal}â) r{k ob fljslfbml b = Ltabjhwbfhljkv mk vka{jml Atbml/BTD) Btb`dhkj}bi) BTD Bvlfhbfhöj @bjlv [jhmbv( ; Vhjmhfb}lv mk Fbttk}ktlv tkfhfibmltkv/ Bi c{}{tl) [jht) C{jvlfhbi) Flil`dhb B`dhkj}bi Bvltkfhfik( ibCkmktbfhöj mk Tkfhfibmltkv hjmk~kjmhkj}kv- Ckmkthjfli) obj `bjhckv}bml v{mkvbf{ktml flj ilv }èt`hjlv ~tkvkj}bmlv ~lt ib hjhfhb}hsb mk mkftk}l ~tl~{kv}b ~lt ki@@BSM]) bia{jlv mk ilv f{bikv b~btkfkj tkvbi}bmbv fl`kj}bmbv kj kv}kmlf{`kj}l dbvk) vlihfh}bj mki @hjhv}kthl mkvhv}ht mk v{ kx~kmhfhöj l fljfkt}bt fljibv ltabjhwbfhljkv mk tkfhfibmltkv mki ^bàv) {jb hjhfhb}hsb r{k ~tl}kgb ki }tbdbgl mk ilvtkfhfibmltkv ~tl`{ksb ki bsbjfk kj ib fbmkjb mk sbilt b }tbsèv mk {jb ~lià}hfb~÷dihfb mk `bjkgl hj}katbi flj bt}hf{ibfhöj mki lchfhl mk v{v bakj}kv kj ki vhv}k`b~÷dihfl mk bvkl*

Ibv ltabjhwbfhljkv) obj okfol ki kgktfhfhl mk tkflakt ibv cht`bv mk v{v bvlfhbmlv mk

tkfhfibmltkv hjmk~kjmhkj}kv) ibv f{bikv b v{`bj `âv mk 2> `hi) mk mhsktvbv ~bt}kvmki ^bàv) vkbj hml tk`h}hkjml b ilv ltabjhv`l mk aldhktjl mk flj}tli) ~btb hjfhmhtkj ib mkchjhfhöj b cbslt mki Atk`hl Tkfhfibmlt mk Lchfhl*

MKFTK]L xxxx MK 4>2>/xxxx mk 4>2>(@HJHV]KTHL MK B@DHKJ]K) SHSHKJMB X MKVBTTLIIL ]KTTH]LTHBI^lt ki f{bi vk tkaib`kj}b ib Ik 2=4 mk 288=) ib Ik 364 mk 4>>> ib Ik 3?8 mk4>>2) kj tkibfhöj flj ib ~tkv}bfhöj mk ib bf}hshmbm fl`~ik`kj}bthb mkb~tlskfob`hkj}l mk tkvhm{lv kj ki `btfl mki vktshfhl ~÷dihfl mk bvkl ~btb ilv@{jhfh~hlv Mhv}th}lv flj ~ldibfhöj ha{bi l v{~kthlt b {j `hiiöj mk obdh}bj}kv vk

mhf}bj l}tbv mhv~lvhfhljkv*@bj}hkjk kj tkvktsb r{k kv ~lt ’Ihdtk fl`~k}kjfhb‐ f{bjml mkdktàb clt`bt ~bt}k mkibj{jfhl) ~btb r{k mk hj`kmhb}l vk vk~b ki kvr{k`b ~tl~{kv}l*

KI ^TKVHMKJ]K MK IB TK^×DIHFB MK FLIL@DHB)kj kgktfhfhl mk v{v cbf{i}bmkv fljv}h}{fhljbikv) kj kv~kfhbi ibv fljckthmbv kj kij{`ktbi 22 mki bt}àf{il 2?8 mk ib Fljv}h}{fhöj ^lià}hfb mk Flil`dhb)MKFTK]B7]H][IL ^TKIH@HJBT*FB^H][IL H MKCHJHFHLJKVBT]ÀF[IL 2* MKCHJHFHLJKV* ^btb ilv kckf}lv mk kv}k Mkftk}l) vk bml~}bj ibvvha{hkj}kv mkchjhfhljkv7

BFL^HL* Bffhöj }kjmhkj}k b tk{jht tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv kj {j i{abtbfljmhfhljbml ~btb }bi chj) mk `bjktb vka{tb b`dhkj}bi`kj}k bmkf{bmb ~btb cbfhih}btv{ ~lv}kthlt }tbjv~lt}k b ilv Fkj}tlv mk Tkfhfibgk*BFFHLJKV BCHT@B]HSBV* ]lml }h~l mk `kmhmbv l ~lià}hfbv mhthahmbv b cbsltkfkt bmk}kt`hjbmbv ~ktvljbv l at{~lv) b vkb flj ki chj mk kih`hjbt l tkm{fht ibvmkvha{bimbmkv mk }h~l vlfhbi) f{i}{tbi l kfljö`hfl r{k ilv bckf}bj) flj ki chj mk ilatbtr{k ilv `hk`dtlv mk {j at{~l mk}kt`hjbml) {v{bi`kj}k {j at{~l r{k ob vhmlmhvfth`hjbml) }kjabj {jb `blt tk~tkvkj}bfhöj) flj ki chj mk fljvka{ht {jb `bltha{bimbm v{v}bj}hsb kj}tk at{~lv vlfhbikv flj ~tldik`bv mk mhvfth`hjbfhöj l mkmkvha{bimbm mk l~lt}{jhmbmkv*B^TKV]B@HKJ]L* ^tlfkvl mk bihv}b`hkj}l mki `b}kthbi tkfhfibdik /@T( ~btb v{fl`ktfhbihwbfhöj fl`l `b}kthbikv tkfhfibdikv5 fl`~tkjmk ibv bf}hshmbmkv mkfibvhchfbfhöj) dkjkchfhl k`dbibgk*



B^TLSKFOB@HKJ]L KJ KI @BTFL MKI VKTSHFHL ^×DIHFL ML@HFHIHBTHL MKBVKL* Fljg{j}l mk bf}hshmbmkv mhthahmbv b kckf}{bt ib vk~btbfhöj kj ib c{kj}k)tkflikffhöj vkikf}hsb) bfl~hl) }tbjv~lt}k b~tkv}b`hkj}l mk tkvhm{lv vöihmlv ~btb r{k~{kmbj vkt tkhjflt~ltbmlv bi fhfil kfljö`hfl) kj ki `btfl mk ib Akv}höj Hj}katbi mkilv Tkvhm{lv Vöihmlv* ^tlkf}l mk Mkftk}l ‖ B~tlskfob h̀kj}l Sktvhöj 6 @bl 4>2> 4



Bi`bfkjb`hkj}l* Kv ib bffhöj mki {v{bthl mk flilfbt }k`~ltbi`kj}k ilv tkvhm{lvvöihmlv kj tkfh~hkj}kv) mk~övh}lv) flj}kjkmltkv tk}ltjbdikv l mkvkfobdikv `hkj}tbv vk~tlfkvbj ~btb v{ b~tlskfob`hkj}l) }tbjvclt`bfhöj) fl`ktfhbihwbfhöj l vk ~tkvkj}bjbi vktshfhl mk tkflikffhöj ~btb v{ }tb}b`hkj}l l mhv~lvhfhöj chjbi*DKJKCHFHL* Bffhöj mk tk}htbt kik`kj}lv flj}b`hjbj}kv l jl b~tlskfobdikv mki`b}kthbi flj ~l}kjfhbi mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l*DLMKAB MK TKFHFIBGK* Kv}bdikfh`hkj}l fl`ktfhbi mljmk bf}{bi`kj}k vk bfl~hbj bi`bfkjbj }k`~ltbi`kj}k ilv `b}kthbikv tkfhfibdikv*FKJ]TL MK BFL^HL* Hj`{kdik fkttbml mk kvfbib skfhjbi) mkv}hjbml b ib tkfk~fhöj bi`bfkjb`hkj}l }k`~ltbi mk tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv ~tlskjhkj}kv mk ibtkflikffhöj vkikf}hsb*FKJ]TL MK TKFHFIBGK* Kv {j hj`{kdik fkttbml f{dhkt}l) mk kvfbib {tdbjb lwljbi) ml}bml flj ilv kr{h~lv ki ~ktvljbi fbihchfbml ~btb tkbihwbt ib tkfk~fhöj)fibvhchfbfhöj dkjkchfhl mk `b}kthbi ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdik ki k`dbibgkbi`bfkjb`hkj}l) fl`ktfhbihwbfhöj mkv~bfol mk ̀ b}kthbikv tkfhfibdikv*K]B^BV MK IB BF]HSHMBM FL@^IK@KJ]BTHB MK B^TLSKFOB@HKJ]L ^BTBTKVHM[LV ^L]KJFHBI@KJ]K TKFHFIBDIKV* Flttkv~ljmkj b ib tkflikffhöj

vkikf}hsb) bfl~hl) }tbjv~lt}k b~tkv}b`hkj}l mk ilv tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}ktkfhfibdikv*@B]KTHB ^TH@B VKF[JMBTHB /@^V(7 Kv br{ki tkvhm{l b~tlskfobdik) flj sbiltfl`ktfhbi) fljvhmktbml fl`l hjv{`l l v{d~tlm{f}l ~btb l}tlv ~tlfkvlv ~tlm{f}hslv v{gk}l b ibv fljmhfhljkv mk lckt}b mk`bjmb mki `ktfbml*LTABJHWBFHLJKV MK TKFHFIBMLTKV7 Kv}t{f}{tb mk bat{~bfhöj mk ilvtkfhfibmltkv mk lchfhl) mk mhcktkj}k jhski) ikabi`kj}k fljv}h}{hmbv clt`bi`kj}kmkvbttliibmb*TKFHFIBMLT MK LCHFHL* ^ktvljb r{k tkfljlfk ki tkfhfibgk fl`l v{ bf}hshmbm~thjfh~bi ~kt`bjkj}k mk }tbdbgl) r{k ~{kmk l jl ~kt}kjkfkt b bia{jb ltabjhwbfhöjmkmhfbmb bi tkfhfibgk*TKFHFIBGK* ^tlfkvl `kmhbj}k ki f{bi vk tkf{~ktbj bmkf{bj ilv tkvhm{lv vöihmlv

vk mks{kisk b ilv `b}kthbikv v{ ~l}kjfhbi fl`l `b}kthb ~th`b vkf{jmbthb ~btb vkt}tbjvclt`bmb kj j{kslv ~tlm{f}lv*TKFLIKFFHÖJ VKIKF]HSB* Vktshfhl ~÷dihfl mk tkflikffhöj mk ilv tkvhm{lvb~tlskfobdikv vk~btbmlv ~lt ilv akjktbmltkv*TKVHM[L ^L]KJFHBI@KJ]K TKFHFIBDIK* Tkvhm{l vöihml v{vfk~}hdik mk vkttkfhfibml* ^tlkf}l mk Mkftk}l ‖ B~tlskfob`hkj}l Sktvhöj 6 @bl 4>2> 6



TKVHM[L VÖIHML B^TLSKFOBDIK* Tkvhm{l vöihml vhj sbilt ~btb r{hkj il akjktb ~tkvkj}b ~btb v{ tkflikffhöj) r{k kv v{vfk~}hdik mk tk{}hihwbfhöj l mktkhjflt~ltbfhöj b {j ~tlfkvl ~tlm{f}hsl*TKVHM[L VÖIHML JL B^TLSKFOBDIK* Tkvhm{l vöihml r{k jl kv v{vfk~}hdik mktk{}hihwbfhöj jh mk tkhjflt~ltbfhöj b {j ~tlfkvl ~tlm{f}hsl*VK^BTBFHÖJ KJ IB C[KJ]K* Kv ib k}b~b mk fibvhchfbfhöj kj ki vh}hl mk lthakj r{ktkbihwbj ilv akjktbmltkv mk tkvhm{lv) flj ki chj mk ksh}bt ki mk}kthltl ~lt bi}ktbfhljkv lflj}b`hjbfhöj flj `b}kthbikv r{k bckf}bj v{ fbihmbm ~btb ki b~tlskfob`hkj}l lsbilthwbfhöj*FB^H][IL HH MHV^LVHFHLJKV AKJKTBIKVBT]ÀF[IL 4* FLJ]KJHML X BIFBJFK MKI MKFTK]L* Ki ~tkvkj}k Mkftk}ltkaib`kj}b ib bf}hshmbm fl`~ik`kj}bthb mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l mk tkvhm{lv kj ki `btflmk ib ~tkv}bfhöj mki vktshfhl ~÷dihfl mk bvkl ~btb ilv @{jhfh~hlv Mhv}th}lv flj~ldibfhöj ha{bi l v{~kthlt b {j `hiiöj mk obdh}bj}kv*^BTÂATBCL* ]lmlv ilv {v{bthlv mkdktâj hjflt~ltbtvk bi vhv}k`b mkb~tlskfob`hkj}l kv}bdikfhml kj kv}k Mkftk}l5 ilv atbjmkv akjktbmltkv r{k~tlm{wfbj vkhv l `âv `k}tlv f÷dhflv mk tkvhm{lv vöihmlv kj ki `kv) r{k bf}{bi`kj}k

}kjabj vhv}k`bv mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l r{k f{`~ibj flj jlt`bv mk vbi{dthmbm)b`dhkj}bikv) {tdbjàv}hfbv) mk }tâjvh}l) mk vktshfhlv ~÷dihflv) }thd{}bthbv) flj}bdikv mk`âv jlt`bv shakj}kv) ~lmtâj vka{ht {}hihwbjml mhfol vhv}k`b l hjflt~ltbtvk b ilmhv~{kv}l kj kv}k Mkftk}l*BT]ÀF[IL 6* ^THJFH^HLV DÂVHFLV* Kj ki mkvbttliil mk ib bf}hshmbmfl`~ik`kj}bthb mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l mk ilv tkvhm{lv vöihmlv) vk ldvktsbtâj fl`l~thjfh~hlv dâvhflv ilv vha{hkj}kv72* ^lià}hfb flj shvhöj mk ibtal ~ibwl) h`~ik`kj}bfhöj atbm{bi) cikxhdik mhjâ`hfb*4* Flltmhjbfhöj hj}kthjv}h}{fhljbi bt`ljhwbfhöj jlt`b}hsb*6* Shbdhihmbm }èfjhfb kfljö`hfb) mkdktàb bmk`âv hjfi{ht ib b`dhkj}bi vlfhbi=* Hj}katbfhöj mk ib bf}hshmbm fl`~ik`kj}bthb mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l bi vktshfhl ~÷dihflmk bvkl*

;* ^tkv}bfhöj kchfhkj}k mki b~tlskfob`hkj}l kj }lmbv v{v k}b~bv*3* @bxh`hwbfhöj mk ilv dkjkchfhlv b`dhkj}bikv mki b~tlskfob`hkj}l*1* Clt}bikfh`hkj}l k`~tkvbthbi mk ibv ltabjhwbfhljkv mk tkfhfibmltkv l}tlv bf}ltkvmkmhfbmlv b ib bf}hshmbm mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l mk tkvhm{lv vöihmlv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}ktkfhfibdikv* Batkabjml ki ~thjfh~hl mk ha{bimbm `b}kthbi `kmhbj}k bffhljkv bcht`b}hsbv

?* Hj}katbfhöj mk ib fbmkjb mk tkfhfibgk) flj ki chj mk ilatbt `blt kchfhkjfhb*8* Tkv~ljvbdhihmbm k`~tkvbthbi kj f{bj}l bi b~tlskfob`hkj}l*

2>* ^bt}hfh~bfhöj mk ilv {v{bthlv b }tbsèv mk ibv }bthcbv kj ibv c{kj}kv mk tk`{jktbfhöjmki b~tlskfob`hkj}l*^tlkf}l mk Mkftk}l ‖ B~tlskfob h̀kj}l Sktvhöj 6 @bl 4>2> =



BT]ÀF[IL =* ^TL^ÖVH]LV MKI B^TLSKFOB@HKJ]L* Ki b~tlskfob`hkj}l mk ilvtkvhm{lv vöihmlv }hkjk fl`l ~tl~övh}lv c{jmb`kj}bikv72* Tbfhljbihwbt ki {vl fljv{`l mk ibv `b}kthbv ~th`bv ~tlskjhkj}kv mk ilv tkf{tvlvjb}{tbikv*4* Tkf{~ktbt sbiltkv kfljö`hflv kjktaè}hflv r{k obbj vhml {}hihwbmlv kj ilvmhcktkj}kv ~tlfkvlv ~tlm{f}hslv* Mkdktàb hjfi{ht ki clt}bikfh`hkj}l mk fbmkjbv mk sbilt }kfjlilaàbv6* Tkm{fht ib fbj}hmbm mk tkvhm{lv b~tlskfobdikv r{k vk iiksbj b mhv~lvhfhöj chjbi b`~ihbt ib shmb ÷}hi mk ilv tkiikjlv vbjh}bthlv*=* Mhv`hj{ht ilv h`~bf}lv b`dhkj}bikv) }bj}l ~lt ib mk`bjmb {vl mk `b}kthbv ~th`bvfl`l ~lt ilv ~tlfkvlv mk mhv~lvhfhöj chjbi*;* Abtbj}hwbt ib ~bt}hfh~bfhöj mk ilv tkfhfibmltkv ltabjhwbmlv mki vkf}lt vlihmbthl) kjib bf}hshmbm mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l) flj ki chj mk fljvlihmbt ~tlm{f}hsb`kj}k kv}bbf}hshmbm `kgltbt v{v fljmhfhljkv mk shmb*

BT]ÀF[IL ;* CLT@BV MK B^TLSKFOB@HKJ]L* Ki b~tlskfob`hkj}l mk ilvtkvhm{lv vk ~{kmk kckf}{bt `kmhbj}k ib tk{}hihwbfhöj l ib }tbjvclt`bfhöj) flj chjkv

hjm{v}thbikv) batlhjm{v}thbikv l kjktaè}hflv*BT]ÀF[IL 3* TKV^LJVBDHIHMBM KJ KI @BJKGL MK ILV TKVHM[LV VÖIHMLV*Ib tkv~ljvbdhihmbm ~lt ilv kckf}lv b`dhkj}bikv b ib vbi{m ~÷dihfb akjktbmlv ~lt ibvbf}hshmbmkv kckf}{bmbv kj ilv mhcktkj}kv fl`~ljkj}kv mki vktshfhl ~÷dihfl mk bvkl mkilv tkvhm{lv vöihmlv) tkfbktâ kj ib ~ktvljb ~tkv}bmltb mki vktshfhl mk bvkl) ib f{bimkdktâ f{`~iht flj ibv mhv~lvhfhljkv mki ~tkvkj}k Mkftk}l mk`âv jlt`b}hshmbmshakj}k5 f{bjml vk tkbihfk ib bf}hshmbm mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l) ib tkv~ljvbdhihmbm ~lt ilvkckf}lv b`dhkj}bikv b ib vbi{m ~÷dihfb fb{vbmlv vktâ mk r{hkj kgkf{}k ib bf}hshmbm*

Kv}b tkv~ljvbdhihmbm) kv mk ilv @{jhfh~hlv) jl ~{kmk }tbvibmbtvk) b{j r{k vk mkika{kib l~ktbfhöj*

BT]ÀF[IL 1* B^TLSKFOB@HKJ]L MK TKVHM[LV ^L]KJFHBI@KJ]KTKFHFIBDIKV KJ ILV ÂHTV* Ilv @{jhfh~hlv Mhv}th}lv) bi bf}{bihwbt ki tkv~kf}hslîbj mk Akv}höj Hj}katbi mk Tkvhm{lv Vöihmlv - ÂHTV) kv}âj kj ib ldihabfhöj mk hjfi{ht~tlkf}lv mk tkfhfibgk) ~tl`lsktilv bvka{tbt v{ kgkf{fhöj*Ilv ÂHTV mkdktâj clt`{ibt ~tlatb`bv l ~tlkf}lv mk hjfi{vhöj vlfhbi) r{k hjfi{bj~tl`lfhöj mk ib bvlfhb}hshmbm) clt}bikfh`hkj}l ltabjhwb}hsl bfl`~bòb`hkj}l }èfjhfl)k`~tkvbthbi vlfhbi mk ilv tkfhfibmltkv mk lchfhl l}tlv bf}ltkv) kj fljfltmbjfhb fljki Mkftk}l 2;>; mk 4>>6*Ilv ~tlatb`bv mk km{fbfhöj b`dhkj}bi mk ilv ÂHTV mkdkj clt`{ibtvk flj shvhöj mkibtal ~ibwl k hjfi{ht ~tlfkvlv mk clt`bfhöj kj vk~btbfhöj kj ib c{kj}k)bi`bfkjb`hkj}l ~tkvkj}bfhöj r{k shjf{ikj b tkfhfibmltkv mk lchfhl fl`l ~tl`l}ltkvb`dhkj}bikv*Ilv @{jhfh~hl Mhv}th}lv) mkj}tl mk ilv vkhv `kvkv vha{hkj}kv b ib kj}tbmb kj shakjfhbmk kv}k mkftk}l) mkdktâj tkshvbt ilv ÂHTV kckf}{bt ibv ^tlkf}l mk Mkftk}l ‖ B~tlskfob`hkj}l Sktvhöj 6 @bl 4>2> ;

Ibv mhv~lvhfhljkv vk vha{kj r{kmbjml flt}bv kj tkibfhljkv flj ib h`~ik`kj}bfhöj mk~lià}hfbv r{k ldiha{kj b ib hj}katbihmbm) vk mkdk `kgltbt ib vh}{bfhöj mk ltabjhwbfhöjmki vhv}k`b kj v{ fljg{j}l) il f{bi kv }btkb mki ÂHTV) vh ki @@BSM]) vk ~tl~ljk`k}kt kj fhj}{tb ki vhv}k`b mk `bjkgl mk tkvhm{lv*



`lmhchfbfhljkv jkfkvbthbv) mk clt`b }bi r{k ilv ~tlkf}lv r{k v{tgbj mk ibv`lmhchfbfhljkv vk fl`hkjfkj b h`~ik`kj}bt kj ki flt}l ~ibwl*



BT]ÀF[IL ?* FLLTMHJBFHÖJ FLJ L]TLV ÎBJKV X JLT@BV* Bmk`âv mk ilmkchjhml kj ki ÂHTV) ki b~tlskfob`hkj}l mk tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv vk~tkv}btâ kj flltmhjbfhöj floktkjfhb flj il kv}bdikfhml kj ki îbj mk Ltmkjb`hkj}l]ktth}lthbi - ^L]) ki îbj mk Mkvbttliil mki @{jhfh~hl l Mhv}th}l) ki TBV) ibv jlt`bvb`dhkj}bikv) mk }tâjvh}l mk`âv jlt`bv r{k bckf}kj kv}b bf}hshmbm*BT]ÀF[IL 8* ^KTVLJBV ^TKV]BMLTBV* Ib bf}hshmbm fl`~ik`kj}bthb mkb~tlskfob`hkj}l mk tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv mkdktâ vkt tkbihwbmb ~lt ibv~ktvljbv kv}bdikfhmbv kj ki bt}àf{il 2; mk ib ik 2=4 mk 288=) hjfi{hmbv ibvltabjhwbfhljkv kv}bdikfhmbv fljclt`k b il hjmhfbml kj ib Vkj}kjfhb mk ib Flt}kFljv}h}{fhljbi F-1=2 mki 43 mk balv}l mk 4>>6*

Vha{k vhkjml kv}k ki }k`b `âv jk{tâiahfl mk ib ~tl~{kv}b mk mkftk}l) ’ibv ~ktvljbv~tkv}bmltbv ~tkcktkj}kv mkdkj vkt ibv ltabjhwbfhljkv mk tkfhfibmltkv‐ b r{k vkhj}tlm{fk {jb tkaib`kj}bfhöj b ib ik 2=4 flj kv}k mkftk}l) ki tkfljlfh`hkj}l mkiatk`hl mkdktàb kv}bt kx~tkvb`kj}k mkvbttliibml

^BTÂATBCL* Ibv ~ktvljbv ~tkv}bmltbv mki vktshfhl mk bvkl r{k kckf}÷kj ibbf}hshmbm mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l mk tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv hjfi{htâj kj v{v~tlfkvlv ibv bffhljkv `kfbjhv`lv tkr{kthmlv ~btb ki mkvbttliil mk ilv ~tlatb`bvmk b~tlskfob`hkj}l r{k obbj vhml mkchjhmlv dbgl v{ tkv~ljvbdhihmbm kj ki ÂHTV*Vhj ~ktg{hfhl mk il bj}kthlt) ilv ~tkv}bmltkv mki vktshfhl r{k jl mkvbttliikj kv}bbf}hshmbm) mkdktâj flltmhjbt flj ilv ~tkv}bmltkv r{k ib kckf}÷kj) ki mkvbttliilbt`öjhfl mk ibv bf}hshmbmkv mk tkflikffhöj) }tbjv~lt}k) }tbjvcktkjfhb mhv~lvhfhöj chjbib r{k obb i{abt*BT]ÀF[IL 2>* ILFBIHWBFHÖJ MK ILV HJ@[KDIKV MKV]HJBMLV BIB^TLSKFOB@HKJ]L MK TKVHM[LV ^L]KJFHBI@KJ]K TKFHFIBDIKV* ^btb ibilfbihwbfhöj mk ilv Fkj}tlv mk Bfl~hl Fkj}tlv mk Tkfhfibgk) vk mkdkj fljvhmktbt ilvvha{hkj}kv fth}kthlv7

2* Ilv {vlv mki v{kil kv}bdikfhmlv kj ki ^L] mki @{jhfh~hl l Mhv}th}l*4* Shbdhihmbm }èfjhfb) kfljö`hfb b`dhkj}bi) }kjhkjml kj f{kj}b ibv fljmhfhljkv mk}tâchfl) t{hml) lilt) akjktbfhöj mk ~bt}àf{ibv) kv~btfh`hkj}l mk `b}kthbikv) mkvfbtabviàr{hmbv flj}tli mk skf}ltkv*

BT]ÀF[IL 22* MHVKÒL MK KMHCHFBFHLJKV ^BTB KI B^TLSKFOB@HKJ]L MKTKVHM[LV ^L]KJFHBI@KJ]K TKFHFIBDIKV* Kj ki mhvkòl mk kmhchfbfhljkvmkv}hjbmbv b ilv Fkj}tlv mk Bfl~hl Fkj}tlv mk Tkfhfibgk mkdkj fljvhmktbtvk fl`l`àjh`l ilv vha{hkj}kv bv~kf}lv fljv}t{f}hslv72* Flj}bt flj {j âtkb `àjh`b ~btb ib tkfk~fhöj mk ilv tkvhm{lv b tkf{~ktbt ~tkskt ibfb~bfhmbm mk bi`bfkjb`hkj}l mki `b}kthbi tkf{~ktbml) }kjhkjml kj f{kj}b ibvvh}{bfhljkv mk flj}hjakjfhb fl`~lt}b`hkj}l mki `ktfbml*

4* ]kjkt sàbv mk bffkvl mk bf{ktml bi }h~l mk kr{h~lv mk }tbjv~lt}k b {}hihwbt*6* Flj}bt flj vhv}k`b mk ~tkskjfhöj flj}tli mk hjfkjmhlv*

Kj }lml fbvl) ki mhvkòl mk ibv kmhchfbfhljkv mkdk bg{v}btvk kj {j }lml ki TBV*BT]ÀF[IL 24* ÎBJ MK @BJKGL HJ]KTJL MK TKVHM[LV* Ilv atbjmkvakjktbmltkv `{i}h{v{bthl) mkdkj kibdltbt k h`~ik`kj}bt {j ~ibj mk `bjkgl^tlkf}l mk Mkftk}l ‖ B~tlskfob h̀kj}l Sktvhöj 6 @bl 4>2> 3



hj}ktjl mk tkvhm{lv vöihmlv) kj ki f{bi vk kv}bdikwfbj ibv bffhljkv kjfb`hjbmbv bilatbt ib bmkf{bmb vk~btbfhöj kj ib c{kj}k) bi`bfkjb`hkj}l ~tkvkj}bfhöj mk ilvtkvhm{lv) bfltmk flj il kv}bdikfhml kj ki ~tkvkj}k mkftk}l) kj ki TBV kj ki ÂHTV*Ki ~ibj mk `bjkgl hj}ktjl mkdktâ kv}bt mhv~ljhdik ~btb tkshvhöj flj}tli mk ibb{}lthmbm b`dhkj}bi flttkv~ljmhkj}k*]H][IL H VK^BTBFHÖJ KJ IB C[KJ]K) BI@BFKJB@HKJ]L X ^TKVKJ]BFHÖJBT]ÀF[IL 26* ^TLATB@BV MK KM[FBFHÖJ B@DHKJ]BI* Ibv kj}hmbmkv}ktth}lthbikv ibv b{}lthmbmkv b`dhkj}bikv hjflt~ltbtâj kj ilv ~tlatb`bv km{fb}hslv b`dhkj}bikv) ~tlfkvlv mk clt`bfhöj kj ib akv}höj hj}katbi mk tkvhm{lv*

Mkdk kv}bdikfktvk fl`l {jb ldihabfhöj ib vk~btbfhöj kj ib c{kj}k) hjfi{vl vh jl kv}âlchfhbi`kj}k kv}bdikfhmb ib t{}b mk tkflikffhöj vkikf}hsb) b r{k ilv tkfhfibmltkv kj}lml ki ^bàv) tkflakj) tkf{~ktbjml mkvmk ib dbv{tb tks{ki}b) kj}ljfkv kv}l jl vlil kv~tl`lfhöj mk {jb f{i}{tb fh{mbmbjb mki f{hmbml vhjl }b`dhèj mk mhajhchfbfhöj mki}tbdbgl

BT]ÀF[IL 2=* ^TL@LFHÖJ X MHS[IABFHÖJ* Ilv @{jhfh~hlv) Mhv}th}lv)

b{}lthmbmkv b`dhkj}bikv ilfbikv tkahljbikv ilv ~tkv}bmltkv mki vktshfhl mkdktâjkckf}{bt ib ~tl`lfhöj mhs{iabfhöj mk ib vk~btbfhöj kj ib c{kj}k mk ibv t{}bv mktkflikffhöj vkikf}hsb) `kmhbj}k ib h`~ik`kj}bfhöj mk ~tlfkvlv ~kmbaöahflv flj`k}lmlilaàbv bfltmkv flj ibv fbtbf}ktàv}hfbv mk ib ~ldibfhöj ldgk}hsl kjflltmhjbfhöj flj il kv}bdikfhml kj ilv îbjkv mk Akv}höj mk Tkvhm{lv Vöihmlv ÂHTVmk fbmb @{jhfh~hl l Mhv}th}l*

BT]ÀF[IL 2;* VK^BTBFHÖJ KJ IB C[KJ]K* Ilv akjktbmltkv mkdktâj vk~btbt ilvtkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv) mkchjhmlv vka÷j ib shbdhihmbm mki ~tlkf}l ÂHTV)mk ilv r{k jl il vlj bi`bfkjbtilv kj tkfh~hkj}kv mhcktkjfhbmlv obv}b v{~tkvkj}bfhöj bi ~tkv}bmlt mk ib bf}hshmbm fl`~ik`kj}bthb mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l*BT]ÀF[IL 23* FBTBF]KTÀV]HFBV MK ILV TKFH^HKJ]KV* Ilv akjktbmltkv

mkdktâj ~tkvkj}bt ilv tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv kj dlivbv l tkfh~hkj}kvvha{hkjml ibv mhtkf}thfkv mkchjhmbv ~lt ki ~tkv}bmlt r{k kckf}÷k ib tkflikffhöj vkikf}hsb)fljclt`k b ibv fbtbf}ktàv}hfbv ilv fömhalv mk fliltkv kv}bdikfhmlv kj ki TBV*

BT]ÀF[IL 21* VHV]K@B MK BI@BFKJB@HKJ]L* Ki {v{bthl mkdktâ bi`bfkjbt `bj}kjkt ilv tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv kj vh}hlv) flj}kjkmltkv l mk~övh}lv~tl}kahmlv mk ib o{`kmbm ki mk}kthltl mki `kmhl b`dhkj}k*

BT]ÀF[IL 2?* MK ILV [V[BTHLV BAT[^BMLV* Ilv {v{bthlv bat{~bmlv mkdktâjbi`bfkjbt ilv tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv kj flj}kjkmltkv mhcktkjfhbmlv mkbr{kiilv {}hihwbmlv ~btb tkvhm{lv jl b~tlskfobdikv) mkdhmb`kj}k hmkj}hchfbmlv fljhfljlv fliltkv r{k tkm{wfbj ib ~lvhdhihmbm mk fljc{vhöj ~lt ~bt}k mk ilv {v{bthlv* Mk

ha{bi `bjktb) mkdktâj bml~}bt vhv}k`bv mk ~tkvkj}bfhöj mhcktkjfhbmb ~btb ib kj}tkabmk ilv tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv mk bf{ktml flj il kv}bdikfhml ~lt ki~tkv}bmlt mk ib bf}hshmbm fl`~ik`kj}bthb mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l* ^tlkf}l mk Mkftk}l ‖ B~tlskfob`hkj}l Sktvhöj 6 @bl 4>2> 1



BT]ÀF[IL 28* VHV]K@B MK BI@BFKJB@HKJ]L ^BTB ^BTR[KV X ÂTKBV^×DIHFBV* Kj ilv ~btr{kv âtkbv ~÷dihfbv mljmk vk {dhr{kj flj}kjkmltkv ~btb ibtkfk~fhöj mk tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv) èv}lv mkdktâj hmkj}hchfbtvk fljhfljlv fliltkv r{k tkm{wfbj ib ~lvhdhihmbm mk fljc{vhöj ~lt ~bt}k mk ilv {v{bthlv ih`h}bt ib ~lvhdhihmbm mk ksbf{bt ilv `b}kthbikv biià mk~lvh}bmlv ~lt ~ktvljbi bgkjl bi~tkv}bmlt mki vktshfhl mk tkflikffhöj }tbjv~lt}k mki tkvhm{l ~l}kjfhbi`kj}ktkfhfibdik*BT]ÀF[IL 4>* ^TKVKJ]BFHÖJ MK TKVHM[LV ^L]KJFHBI@KJ]KTKFHFIBDIKV ^BTB TKFLIKFFHÖJ* Ki {v{bthl mkdktâ ~tkvkj}bt ilv tkvhm{lv~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv kj ibv ctkf{kjfhbv oltbthlv kv}bdikfhmlv ~lt ki ~tkv}bmlt*Kj fbvl mk ~tkvkj}bfhöj kj ib bfktb) ilv tkvhm{lv mkdkj ~tkvkj}btvk kj mhfolv vh}hlv)flj ib bj}hfh~bfhöj kv}bdikfhmb kj ki TBV*

BT]ÀF[IL 42* TKV^LJVBDHIHMBM ^LT IB ^TKVKJ]BFHÖJ HJBMKF[BMB MKILV TKVHM[LV ^L]KJFHBI@KJ]K TKFHFIBDIKV* Ki {v{bthl ~tkvkj}btâ mk`bjktb vk~btbmb ilv tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv vhj r{k ilv `hv`lv vk`kwfikj flj tkvhm{lv jl b~tlskfobdikv) vktâ mhtkf}b`kj}k tkv~ljvbdik ~lt ilv

h`~bf}lv jkab}hslv r{k kv}lv lfbvhljkj b ib vbi{m o{`bjb bi `kmhl b`dhkj}k bi~tkvkj}btilv kj oltbthlv ctkf{kjfhbv mhcktkj}kv b ibv kv}bdikfhmbv ~lt ki ~tkv}bmltmki vktshfhl*^BTÂATBCL* R{hkj kj}tka{k ilv tkvhm{lv b r{k vk tkchktk kv}k bt}àf{il b ~ktvljbv lkj}hmbmkv jl b{}lthwbmbv ~btb }bi chj) vktâ tkv~ljvbdik ~lt ilv h`~bf}lv jkab}hslv r{kkv}lv lfbvhljkj b ib vbi{m o{`bjb bi `kmhl b`dhkj}k*

Kv}k vk fljshkt}k kj {jb ’b`kjbwb ~btb ib fl`{jhmbm r{k `bj}kjab {jb ~tkcktkjfhb~lt ilv tkfhfibmltkv‐) kv}k ~btâatbcl mkdk vkt kxfi{hml mk ib ~tl~{kv}b

]H][IL HH TKFLIKFFHÖJ VKIKF]HSB

BT]ÀF[IL 44* @K]LMLILAÀB ^BTB FBTBF]KTHWBT MK ILV FHTF[H]LV MKTKFHFIBGK BF][BIKV* Ki @hjhv}kthl mk B`dhkj}k) Shshkjmb Mkvbttliil ]ktth}lthbikj {j }èt`hjl mk vkhv /3( `kvkv) b ~bt}ht mk ib kj}tbmb kj shakjfhb mki ~tkvkj}kMkftk}l) kx~kmhtâ ib `k}lmlilaàb ~btb ib fbtbf}kthwbfhöj f{bih}b}hsb f{bj}h}b}hsb mkilv fhtf{h}lv mk tkfhfibgk r{k bf}{bi`kj}k tkbihwbj ilv tkfhfibmltkv mk lchfhl ,lltabjhwbfhljkv mk tkfhfibmltkv*

BT]ÀF[IL 46* FBTBF]KTHWBFHÖJ X AKLTKCKTKJFHBFHÖJ* Ilv @{jhfh~hlv Mhv}th}lv) kj {j }èt`hjl jl `blt b mhkfhlfol `kvkv) flj}bml b ~bt}ht mk ib ckfob kjr{k ki @hjhv}kthl mk B`dhkj}k) Shshkjmb Mkvbttliil ]ktth}lthbi kx~hmb ib `k}lmlilaàb

vkòbibmb kj ki bt}àf{il bj}kthlt) mkdktâj obdkt tkbihwbml ib fbtbf}kthwbfhöj mk t{}bvvkikf}hsbv l~ktbmbv ~lt tkfhfibmltkv kxhv}kj}kv kj ki @{jhfh~hl l Mhv}th}l* Bvà `hv`l)mkdktâj kckf}{bt ib akltkcktkjfhbfhöj mk ibv t{}bv fbtbf}kthwbmbv*

BT]ÀF[IL 4=* LTABJHWBFHÖJ MK T[]BV MK TKFLIKFFHÖJ VKIKF]HSB* Ilv~tkv}bmltkv mk ib bf}hshmbm fl`~ik`kj}bthb mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l mk tkvhm{lv~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv mkdktâj bg{v}bt v{v ^tlkf}l mk Mkftk}l ‖ B~tlskfob`hkj}l Sktvhöj 6 @bl 4>2> ?



t{}bv mk tkflikffhöj vkikf}hsb b ibv jkfkvhmbmkv mk ctkf{kjfhb oltbthl) b ilv~tlatb`bv mk tkfhfibgk b ib lckt}b mk hjctbkv}t{f}{tb mk clt`b r{k vk l~}h`hfk ki}tbjv~lt}k) vhk`~tk r{k ibv `hv`bv vkbj shbdikv mk bf{ktml b ilv ^AHTV*



Ib hjfi{vhöj mk kv}k à}k`) vlil mkdktàb kv}bt vh vk ~hkjvb mkvmk ib hjhfhb}hsb r{k kv}bvt{}bv) mkdktàbj vkt hjflt~ltbmbv lchfhbi`kj}k) mk il flj}tbthl kv }tb`h}bt kimkv~ibwb`hkj}l mk ilv tkfhfibmltkv)



BT]ÀF[IL 4;* HJFI[VHÖJ MK ILV TKFHFIBMLTKV* Ilv ~tkv}bmltkv mk ibbf}hshmbm fl`~ik`kj}bthb mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l) ~btb mkvbttliibt kv}b bf}hshmbm) mkdkjhjfi{ht b ilv tkfhfibmltkv r{k l~ktbj kj ki âtkb mljmk sbj b ~tkv}bt ki vktshfhl mkvbttliibt bffhljkv bcht`b}hsbv kj cbslt mk ilv `hv`lv*

Ib hjfi{vhöj mk ilv tkfhfibmltkv) mkdk vkt ib c{ktwb mk kv}k mkftk}l) mkdk kv}bt mbmbmk bf{ktml b ibv vkj}kjfhbv mk ib Flt}k) jl vlj ilv ’l~ktbmltkv‐ ilv ldihabmlv b mbt}tbdbgl) r{k b }hkjkj ilv tkfhfibmltkv5 kv ki kv}bml Flil`dhbjl) Ibv bffhljkvbcht`b}hsbv) mkdkj vkt ~tlm{f}l mk ilv ihjkb`hkj}lv tka{ib}lthlv ikahvib}hslv kv}kmkftk}l ~{kmk mkvbttliibtil) kj ibv jlt`bv r{k tkaikj ki vktshfhl mk bvkl ~÷dihfl*]lml ilv bt}àf{ilv mki 43 bi =6 fljvha{hkj}k`kj}k) kv}btâ ihabml b ibv ~lvhdhihmbmkv mkkv}b `lmhchfbfhöj mki kv~àth}{ mk ib ~tl~{kv}b mk mk mkftk}l ~btb ~kt`h}ht {jbsktmbmktb hjfi{vhöj mk ilv tkfhfibmltkv mk `bjktb ~tlatkvhsb) `kmhbj}k kitkfljlfh`hkj}l bt}hf{ibfhöj flj ki vhv}k`b mk bvkl) b }tbsèv mk ilv fhtf{h}lv mktkfhfibgk mkvbttliibmlv ~lt ilv tkfhfibmltkv

BT]ÀF[IL 43* CTKF[KJFHBV X OLTBTHLV* Ilv ~tkv}bmltkv kv}bdikfktâj) mkbf{ktml flj ki ^AHTV) ctkf{kjfhbv) oltbthlv clt`bv mk ~tkvkj}bfhöj ~btb ibtkflikffhöj mk ilv tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv*BT]ÀF[IL 41* FBTBF]KTÀV]HFBV MK ILV SKOÀF[ILV* Ilv skoàf{ilv kj ilvf{bikv vk kckf}÷k ib tkflikffhöj ki }tbjv~lt}k mk ilv tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}ktkfhfibdikv mkdkj vkt fkttbmlv l f{dhkt}lv bmkf{bmlv ~btb }bi chj) mkdktâj h`~kmht ibmhv~ktvhöj ki mk}kthltl mki `b}kthbi) kv}btâj ~ikjb`kj}k hmkj}hchfbmlv flj ki~tlatb`b mk tkfhfibgk) jl`dtk mk ib ltabjhwbfhöj mb}lv mk flj}bf}l ~btb ib b}kjfhöjbi {v{bthl*^BTÂATBCL* [jb skw ilv tkfhfibmltkv ltabjhwbmlv vk }tbjvclt`kj l fljv}h}{bjfl`l {j ~tkv}bmlt mk ilv ~tkshv}lv kj ki bt}àf{il 2; mk ib Ik 2=4 mk 288=)~tl~kjmktâj ~lt ib {}hihwbfhöj mk skoàf{ilv `l}lthwbmlv ~btb ib tkflikffhöj mki

`b}kthbi) mk clt`b r{k ki vktshfhl b ~tkv}bt vk l~}h`hfk* Kj }lml fbvl ib Fl`hvhöj mktka{ibfhöj mk ba{b ~l}bdik vbjkb`hkj}l dâvhfl mk}kt`hjbtâ ibv fljmhfhljkv mkbffkvl bi vhv}k`b }bthcbthl) bfltmk flj ilv }h~lv mk skoàf{ilv b {}hihwbt*

BT]ÀF[IL 4?* FLJ]TLI L^KTB]HSL* Ilv ~tkv}bmltkv mkdktâj flj}bt flj {jvhv}k`b mk flj}tli l~ktb}hsl mk ibv t{}bv mk tkfhfibgk r{k abtbj}hfk ki f{`~ih`hkj}l mkctkf{kjfhbv oltbthlv kj fbmb {jb mk ibv wljbv l vkf}ltkv mljmk l~ktkj*BT]ÀF[IL 48* FB]BV]TL MK V[VFTH^]LTKV* Ilv ~tkv}bmltkv mkdktâjh`~ik`kj}bt `bj}kjkt flj chjkv kv}bmàv}hflv }bthcbthlv) {j vhv}k`b mk tkahv}tl mkv{vfth~}ltkv bf}{bihwbml r{k ~kt`h}b hmkj}hchfbtilv cbfhih}k ib cbf}{tbfhöj fljg{j}b* Ilv@{jhfh~hlv Mhv}th}lv b~lbtâj b ilv ~tkv}bmltkv ~tl~ltfhljbjml ib hjclt`bfhöj flj ib

r{k f{kj}kj ~btb kv}lv kckf}lv*]H][IL HHH BFL^HL X ]TBJV^LT]KBT]ÀF[IL 6>* FKJVL MK DLMKABV* Ilv @{jhfh~hlv Mhv}th}lv kj {j }èt`hjl jl`blt b mhkfhlfol `kvkv) b ~bt}ht mk ib ckfob mk kj}tbmb kj shakjfhb mki ~tkvkj}kMkftk}l) mkdktâj flj}bt flj {j fkjvl fbtbf}kthwbfhöj mk dlmkabv mk tkfhfibgk*BT]ÀF[IL 62* ^TLATB@BV MK TKA[IBTHWBFHÖJ MK IBV HJV]BIBFHLJKVMK B^TLSKFOB@HKJ]L MK TKVHM[LV ^tlkf}l mk Mkftk}l ‖ B~tlskfob`hkj}lSktvhöj 6 @bl 4>2> 8



^L]KJFHBI@KJ]K TKFHFIBDIKV* Ilv @{jhfh~hlv Mhv}th}lv mkdktâj clt`{ibt) kjki }èt`hjl mk {j bòl flj}bml b ~bt}ht mk ib kibdltbfhöj mki fkjvl mk r{k }tb}b kibt}àf{il bj}kthlt) {j ~tlatb`b mk tka{ibthwbfhöj mk ibv hjv}bibfhljkv mkb~tlskfob`hkj}l mk tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdik5 ki ~tlatb`b mkdk kv}btflltmhjbml flj ki ^AHTV flj ki ^L]*Ilv ~tl~hk}bthlv bttkjmb}bthlv mk dlmkabv mk tkfhfibgk mkdktâj b~ihfbt ibv jlt`bv{tdbjàv}hfbv btr{h}kf}öjhfbv) vbjh}bthbv b`dhkj}bikv r{k kx~hmb ki @{jhfh~hl lMhv}th}l flj dbvk kj kv}k ~tlatb`b }tbjvclt`bt ibv dlmkabv kj Fkj}tlv mk Bfl~hl lmk Tkfhfibgk) fljv}h}{htvk kj ~tkv}bmltkv mki vktshfhl*BT]ÀF[IL 64* L^KTBFHÖJ MK FKJ]TLV MK BFL^HL* Ib l~ktbfhöj mk fkj}tlv mkbfl~hl kv}btâ b fbtal mk ~tkv}bmltkv ikabi`kj}k fljv}h}{hmlv }kjmtâj ib chjbihmbm mkbi`bfkjbt `b}kthbi ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdik ki f{bi mkdktâ vkt kj}tkabml b ilvFkj}tlv mk Tkfhfibgk* Ibv fbj}hmbmkv mk @b}kthbi ^l}kjfhbi`kj}k Tkfhfibdik tkfhdhmbv~btb bfl~hl kj}tkabmbv bi Fkj}tl mk Tkfhfibgk mkdktâj vkt tk~lt}bmbv bi vhv}k`b÷jhfl mk hjclt`bfhöj V[H*BT]ÀF[IL 66* KJ]TKAB MK TKVHM[LV ^L]KJFHBI@KJ]K TKFHFIBDIKV* Ilv~tkv}bmltkv mk ib t{}b vkikf}hsb mkdktâj kj}tkabt ilv tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k

tkfhfibdikv kj ilv Fkj}tlv mk Bfl~hl l kj ilv Fkj}tlv mk Tkfhfibgk) l~ktbmlv ~lt~tkv}bmltkv ikabi`kj}k fljv}h}{hmlv*BT]ÀF[IL 6=* MHV^LJHDHIHMBM MK KR[H^L MK ]TBJV^LT]K* Ilv ~tkv}bmltkvmkdktâj }kjkt ki kr{h~l mk }tbjv~lt}k jkfkvbthl ~btb f{`~iht flj ilv oltbthlv ctkf{kjfhbv mk ib tkflikffhöj mk tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv ~btb }tbjv~lt}btib @^V mk ilv Fkj}tlv mk Bfl~hl b ilv Fkj}tlv mk Tkfhfibgk kj {j ib~vl jl `blt b4= oltbv*]H][IL HS B^TKV]B@HKJ]L X FL@KTFHBIHWBFHÖJBT]ÀF[IL 6;* L^KTBFHÖJ FKJ]TLV MK TKFHFIBGK* Ib l~ktbfhöj mk ilvFkj}tlv mk Tkfhfibgk kv}btâ b fbtal mk ~tkv}bmltkv ikabi`kj}k fljv}h}{hmlv }kjmtâjib chjbihmbm mk tkfhdht `b}kthbi ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdik mk ilv fkj}tlv mk bfl~hl ,lt{}bv mk tkflikffhöj vkikf}hsb flj ki chj mk tkbihwbt b~tkv}b`hkj}l) bi`bfkjb`hkj}l

fl`ktfhbihwbfhöj mk mhfol `b}kthbi*Ki Fkj}tl mk Tkfhfibgk mkdktâ flj}bt flj vhv}k`bv mk ~kvbgk fkt}hchfbmlv ~lt ibb{}lthmbm fl`~k}kj}k flj fb~bfhmbm v{chfhkj}k ~btb ki ~kvbgk mk }lmlv ilv tkvhm{lv `b}kthbikv r{k hjatkvkj vbiabj mk ibv hjv}bibfhljkv5 bvà `hv`l) mkdktâ flj}bt flj{j vhv}k`b mk tkahv}tl flj}tli mk ilv skoàf{ilv mk tkflikffhöj }tbjv~lt}k r{khjatkvkj bi fkj}tl* Ki Fkj}tl mk Tkfhfibgk mkdktâ tk~lt}bt ib hjclt`bfhöj tkr{kthmb ~ltki V[H*BT]ÀF[IL 63* LTABJHWBFHÖJ MKI B^TKV]B@HKJ]L* Ilv Fkj}tlv mk Tkfhfibgkmkdkj flj}bt flj ki kv~bfhl jkfkvbthl ~btb r{k ilv skoàf{ilv tkflikf}ltkv hjatkvkj bmkvfbtabt ki @^T) flj kv~bfhlv kr{h~lv ~btb ib ^tlkf}l mk Mkftk}l ‖ B~tlskfob`hkj}l Sktvhöj 6 @bl 4>2> 2>



tkfk~fhöj) fibvhchfbfhöj) dkjkchfhl) k`dbibgk bi`bfkjb`hkj}l mki @b}kthbi tkfhfibdik)kj }lml fbvl vk mkdk f{`~iht flj il kv}bdikfhml kj ki TBV*]H][IL S BV^KF]LV FL@KTFHBIKVBT]ÀF[IL 61* IHR[HMBFHÖJ X MHV]THD[FHÖJ MK IB ]BTHCB* Ki ~tkv}bmlt r{kl~ktk ki Fkj}tl mk Tkfhfibgk vktâ ki tkv~ljvbdik mk ihr{hmbt ib }bthcb mhv}thd{htib kj}tkilv ~tkv}bmltkv r{k ik kj}tkabtlj @^V) f{bjml f{`~ib ibv vha{hkj}kv fljmhfhljkv72* Kv}bt fljv}h}{hml fl`l {j ~tkv}bmlt mk ilv ~tkshv}lv kj ki bt}àf{il 2; mk ib Ik 2=4mk 288=)4* F{`~iht flj }lmb ib jlt`b}hshmbm kj `b}kthb flj}bdik chvfbi*6* Flj}bt flj {j vhv}k`b mk hjclt`bfhöj r{k ik ~kt`h}b fkt}hchfbt ibv fbj}hmbmkv`bjkgbmbv vkb ki vl~lt}k ~btb ihr{hmbt ib }bthcb mki vktshfhl*=* Kckf}{bt ib cbf}{tbfhöj mki vktshfhl kj ilv }èt`hjlv mk ib Ik 2=4 mk 288=*

BT]ÀF[IL 6?* MKTKFOL B IB ]BTHCB* Ilv ~tkv}bmltkv mk ib bf}hshmbm mkb~tlskfob`hkj}l mk tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv kj ilv fl`~ljkj}kv mk h(tkflikffhöj hh( bfl~hl }tbjv~lt}k hhh( b~tkv}b`hkj}l) }kjmtâj mktkfol b bffkmkt b ib}bthcb vhk`~tk f{bjml f{`~ibj flj ilv tkr{hvh}lv kv}bdikfhmlv kj ki ~tkvkj}k

Mkftk}l*BT]ÀF[IL 68* ATBJMKV AKJKTBMLTKV* Ilv atbjmkv akjktbmltkv ~lmtâj iiksbtib @^V) mhtkf}b`kj}k b ilv Fkj}tlv mk Tkfhfibgk5 kj kv}k fbvl ibv fbj}hmbmkvkj}tkabmbv jl vktâj hjfi{hmbv kj ib ihr{hmbfhöj }bthcbthb*BT]ÀF[IL =>* @K]LMLILAÀB ]BTHCBTHB* Ib Fl`hvhöj mk Tka{ibfhöj mk Ba{b^l}bdik Vbjkb`hkj}l Dâvhfl- FTB) hjfi{htâ kj ib `k}lmlilaàb }bthcbthb mki vktshfhl mkbvkl ilv flv}lv mk tkcktkjfhb b tkfljlfkt ~lt fbmb {jb mk ibv k}b~bv mk ib bf}hshmbmmk b~tlskfob`hkj}l mk tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv mkchjhtâ ib atbm{bihmbmmk v{ b~ihfbfhöj*]H][IL SH* TKFHFIBMLTKVBT]ÀF[IL =2* MKTKFOL MK ILV TKFHFIBMLTKV* Ilv tkfhfibmltkv) kj v{fljmhfhöj mk ~ldibfhöj s{ijktbdik) }hkjkj ki mktkfol b r{k ki Kv}bml mkvbttliik

bffhljkv bcht`b}hsbv kj v{ cbslt r{k èv}k h`~ik`kj}k bffhljkv mk mhvfth`hjbfhöj~lvh}hsb r{k abtbj}hfkj ibv fljmhfhljkv mk ha{bimbm tkbi kckf}hsb mk ilv `hv`lv* Ibvmhv}hj}bv b{}lthmbmkv mkdktâj ~tl`lskt ibv bffhljkv jkfkvbthbv ~btb r{k ilvtkfhfibmltkv ~{kmbj fl`~k}ht) kj fljmhfhljkv tkbikv mk ha{bimbm kj ib ~tkv}bfhöj mk ibbf}hshmbm fl`~ik`kj}bthb mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l* ^tlkf}l mk Mkftk}l ‖ B~tlskfob`hkj}l Sktvhöj 6 @bl 4>2> 22



BT]ÀF[IL =4* ^BT]HFH^BFHÖJ MK ILV TKFHFIBMLTKV* Kj b~ihfbfhöj mk ilkv}bdikfhml ~lt ib Flt}k Fljv}h}{fhljbi kj ibv vkj}kjfhbv ]- 14= mk 4>>6 ]- 482 mk4>>8) ilv tkfhfibmltkv }hkjkj mktkfol b ~bt}hfh~bt fl`l k`~tkvbthlv kj ib ~tkv}bfhöjmki vktshfhl ~÷dihflv mk bvkl) kj ~bt}hf{ibt kj ib bf}hshmbm fl`~ik`kj}bthb mkib~tlskfob`hkj}l) ~btb kiil ki @hjhv}kthl mk B`dhkj}k) Shshkjmb Mkvbttliil ]ktth}lthbi)ilv @{jhfh~hlv Mhv}th}lv mkdktâj bml~}bt mhvkòbt) bml~}bt ~ljkt kj `btfob ~lià}hfbvmk hjfi{vhöj kckf}hsb mk ilv tkfhfibmltkv kj ilv ~tlatb`bv mk tkflikffhöj)b~tlskfob`hkj}l fl`ktfhbihwbfhöj mk ilv tkvhm{lv) ibv f{bikv clt}bikwfbj v{ fbihmbmmk k`~tkvbthlv ibv clt`bv mk ltabjhwbfhöj vlihmbthb*BT]ÀF[IL =6* CLT]BIKFH@HKJ]L MK IBV LTABJHWBFHLJKV MKTKFHFIBMLTKV* Kj ilv ÂHTV) ilv @{jhfh~hlv Mhv}th}lv h`~ik`kj}btâj ~tlatb`bvmk ~tl`lfhöj mk ib bvlfhb}hshmbm b~ll b ibv ltabjhwbfhljkv mk tkfhfibmltkv ~btbr{k vk }tbjvclt`kj l fljv}h}{bj kj ~tkv}bmltkv mk ib bf}hshmbm fl`~ik`kj}bthb mkb~tlskfob`hkj}l) abtbj}hwâjmlikv bfl`~bòb`hkj}l }èfjhfl) bm`hjhv}tb}hsl vlfhbi)bt}hf{ibml flj ilv ~tlatb`bv hj}ktvkf}lthbikv mk ~lià}hfb vlfhbi r{k bmkibj}k ki`{jhfh~hl*BT]ÀF[IL ==* ^TLFKVLV MK CLT@BFHÖJ B LTABJHWBFHLJKV MK

TKFHFIBMLTKV* Kj ki `btfl mki ÂHTV) ilv @{jhfh~hl Mhv}th}lv) kj bihbjwb fljkj}hmbmkv ~÷dihfbv) bmkibj}btâj ~tlatb`b mk clt`bfhöj k`~tkvbthbi mk fkt}hchfbfhöj kjfl`~k}kjfhbv ibdltbikv) ~tl`lfhöj mk bihbjwbv ~tlm{f}hsbv abtbj}hwbtâ v{bfl`~bòb`hkj}l) kj mkvbttliil mk il kv}bdikfhml kj ib Ik ;22 mk 2888*BT]ÀF[IL =;* HJFI[VHÖJ MK ILV TKFHFIBMLTKV KJ ILV ÂHTV * Ilv@{jhfh~hlv Mhv}th}lv mkdkj abtbj}hwbt ib ~bt}hfh~bfhöj mk ibv ltabjhwbfhljkv mktkfhfibmltkv kj ilv ~tlfkvlv mk kibdltbfhöj) ksbi{bfhöj `lmhchfbfhöj mk ilv ÂHTV*BT]ÀF[IL =3* ^TLFKVLV MK FLJ]TB]BFHÖJ MK B^TLSKFOB@HKJ]L Kjf{bir{hkt ~tlfkvl mk flj}tb}bfhöj r{k bmkibj}kj ilv @{jhfh~hlv) Mhv}th}lv l ilv~tkv}bmltkv mk ib bf}hshmbm mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l tkibfhljbml flj ib ~tkv}bfhöj mk kv}bbf}hshmbm) mkdkj abtbj}hwbt ib ~bt}hfh~bfhöj k hjfi{vhöj mk ilv tkfhfibmltkv ibh`~ik`kj}bfhöj mk bffhljkv bcht`b}hsbv b cbslt mk ilv `hv`lv*

]H][IL SHH* MHV^LVHFHLJKV SBTHBVBT]ÀF[IL =1* @B]KTHBI MK TKFOBWL* Ilv fkj}tlv mk bfl~hl fkj}tlv mktkfhfibgk mkdktâj ~tkvkj}bt ki `b}kthbi mk tkfobwl ~btb ib tkflikffhöj mk tkvhm{lvltmhjbthlv ~babt ib }bthcb bi ~tkv}bmlt mki vktshfhl*BT]ÀF[IL =?* LDIHABFHLJKV MK ILV AKJKTBMLTKV* Vlj ldihabfhljkv mk ilvakjktbmltkv kj f{bj}l b ib vk~btbfhöj mk ilv tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv kjib c{kj}k7 ^tlkf}l mk Mkftk}l ‖ B~tlskfob`hkj}l Sktvhöj 6 @bl 4>2> 24



2* [}hihwbt ilv tkfh~hkj}kv kv}bdikfhmlv ~lt ki ~tkv}bmlt r{k kckf}÷k ib tkflikffhöjvkikf}hsb*4* Tkbihwbt ib bmkf{bmb vk~btbfhöj mk ilv tkvhm{lv bj}kv mk ~tkvkj}btilv ~btb ibtkflikffhöj) mk clt`b r{k vlib`kj}k vk kj}tka{kj b ib t{}b mk tkflikffhöj vkikf}hsbBi`bfkjbt kj {j vh}hl bmkf{bml r{k ~kt`h}b fljvktsbt ki d{kj kv}bml ~btb ki tkfhfibgkobv}b ki `l`kj}l kj r{k vk tkbihfk v{ kj}tkab b ib t{}b vkikf}hsb) mk bf{ktml bi TBV76* Kj}tkabt ~btb ib tkflikffhöj vkikf}hsb kj ilv oltbthlv ctkf{kjfhbv kv}bdikfhmbv ~ltki ~tkv}bmlt mki vktshfhl*

BT]ÀF[IL =8* LDIHABFHLJKV MK ILV ^TKV]BMLTKV7 Vlj ldihabfhljkv mk ilv~tkv}bmltkv mk ib bf}hshmbm fl`~ik`kj}bthb mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l kj ki `btfl mkivktshfhl mk bvkl72* Kv}bdikfkt ibv t{}bv vkikf}hsbv vl~lt}bmbv kj ib shbdhihmbm mki ~tlkf}l) ctkf{kjfhbv)oltbthlv mk ib tkflikffhöj mk tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv ib clt`b kj r{k ilv{v{bthlv ilv mkdkj vk~btbt) bi`bfkjbt ~tkvkj}bt*4* ^tkv}bt ki vktshfhl kj ilv oltbthlv ctkf{kjfhbv kv}bdikfhmlv kj ki Flj}tb}l mk

Fljmhfhljkv [jhclt`kv*6* Flj}bt flj {j vhv}k`b mk flj}tli l~ktb}hsl mk ibv t{}bv r{k abtbj}hfk kif{`~ih`hkj}l mk ctkf{kjfhbv oltbthlv*=* Ml}bt b ilv l~ktbthlv mk ibv ~tkjmbv mhv}hj}hsbv mlf{`kj}lv r{k il hmkj}hchr{kjfl`l `hk`dtl mk ib k`~tkvb kxhaht v{ {vl*;* F{`~iht flj ib jlt`b}hshmbm kj `b}kthb flj}bdik) chvfbi) ibdltbi flj ki `btflakjktbi mk vktshfhlv ~÷dihflv kv}bdikfhml kj ib Ik 2=4 mk 288=3* @bj}kjkt ilv skoàf{ilv tkflikf}ltkv }tbjv~lt}bmltkv kj ö~}h`bv fljmhfhljkv mk`lshihmbm ~tkvkj}bfhöj*1* Hjclt`bt b ilv {v{bthlv) fl`l `àjh`l flj lfol /?( màbv mk bj}kthlthmbm) ilv fb`dhlvmk oltbthlv l ctkf{kjfhbv r{k vk ~{kmbj ~tkvkj}bt) mk }bi `bjktb r{k vk ksh}k ibbf{`{ibfhöj ~tliljabmb mk ilv tkvhm{lv kj ki kv~bfhl ~÷dihfl vk fb{vkj ~tldik`bvb`dhkj}bikv ,l mk vbi{m*?* Tk~lt}bt bi V[H ib hjclt`bfhöj r{k ik vkb vlihfh}bmb ~lt ib V{~kthj}kjmkjfhb mkVktshfhlv ^÷dihflv Ml`hfhihbthlv*

BT]ÀF[IL ;>* ^TLOHDHFHLJKV X VBJFHLJKV* Vk }kjmtâj ~lt }bikv br{kiibvflj}kjhmbv kj ki }à}{il HS) fb~à}{il 2) vldtk ~tlohdhfhljkv vbjfhljkv mki Mkftk}l >3;mk 2883*BT]ÀF[IL ;2* VHV]K@BV MK B^TLSKFOB@HKJ]L TKAHLJBIHWBML* Kjmkvbttliil mki fljfk~}l mk kfljl`àbv mk kvfbib) ki @{jhfh~hl l Mhv}th}l fl`ltkv~ljvbdik mk bvka{tbt ib ~tkv}bfhöj mki vktshfhl ~÷dihfl mk bvkl ibv ~ktvljbv~tkv}bmltbv mki vktshfhl) ~{kmkj l~}bt ~lt kv}bdikfkt vhv}k`bv mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l

~btb ilv tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}k tkfhfibdikv ~tlskjhkj}kv mk mlv l `âv @{jhfh~hlv*BT]ÀF[IL ;4* CLT]BIKFH@HKJ]L MKI B^TLSKFOB@HKJ]L* Flj ki ldgk}l mkcl`kj}bt clt}bikfkt ki b~tlskfob`hkj}l mk ilv tkvhm{lv vöihmlv) kj ^tlkf}l mkMkftk}l ‖ B~tlskfob`hkj}l Sktvhöj 6 @bl 4>2> 26



fljmhfhljkv bmkf{bmbv ~btb ib vbi{m ki `kmhl b`dhkj}k) ki @hjhv}kthl mk B`dhkj}k)Shshkjmb Mkvbttliil ]ktth}lthbi ~lmtâ) kj ki `btfl mk ib @kvb Jbfhljbi mk Tkfhfibgk flj b~ll mk ib hjm{v}thb ib ~bt}hfh~bfhöj mk ibv {jhsktvhmbmkv ,l Fkj}tlv mkhjskv}habfhöj) bmkibj}bt kv}{mhlv mk sbiltbfhöj mk tkvhm{lv ~l}kjfhbi`kj}kb~tlskfobdikv) flj ki chj mk ~tl`lfhljbt ib tkf{~ktbfhöj mk j{kslv `b}kthbikv)mhv`hj{ht ibv fbj}hmbmkv mk tkvhm{lv b mhv~ljkt tk{jht ib hjclt`bfhöj }èfjhfb)kfljö`hfb k`~tkvbthbi jkfkvbthb ~btb hjflt~ltbt mhfolv `b}kthbikv b ilv ~tlfkvlv~tlm{f}hslv*BT]ÀF[IL ;6* B^TLSKFOB@HKJ]L MK TKVHM[LV LTAÂJHFLV MK ATBJMKVAKJKTBMLTKV* Ilv atbjmkv akjktbmltkv mk tkvhm{lv ltaâjhflv ~lmtâjh`~ik`kj}bt bi}ktjb}hsbv mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l kjktaè}hfl ,l batlhjm{v}thbi mk kv}lvtkvhm{lv) mhtkf}b`kj}k l ~lt `kmhl mk }ktfktlv*Ilv @{jhfh~hlv Mhv}th}lv kj ki ^AHTV mkdkj ~tl~hfhbt ~tlatb`bv vlv}kjhdikv mkb~tlskfob`hkj}l mk tkvhm{lv ltaâjhflv ~btb atbjmkv akjktbmltkv mk kv}k }h~l mktkvhm{lv*BT]ÀF[IL ;=* B^TLSKFOB@HKJ]L MK TKVHM[LV SKTMKV* Ilv @{jhfh~hlv lMhv}th}lv) f{bjml flj}tb}kj ki vktshfhl kv~kfhbi mk flt}k mk fèv~km ~lmb mk âtdlikv

mkdkj kxhaht r{k ki ~tkv}bmlt tkbihfk ki b~tlskfob`hkj}l mk tkvhm{lv akjktbmlv ~ltkv}b bf}hshmbm* Ilv `b}kthbikv tkv{i}bj}kv mk kv}b bf}hshmbm ~lmtâj vkt {}hihwbmlv ~btb`bj}kjh`hkj}l mk wljbv sktmkv*BT]ÀF[IL ;;* B^TLSKFOB@HKJ]L KJ ILV TKIIKJLV VBJH]BTHLV* Ki~tkv}bmlt mk ib bf}hshmbm fl`~ik`kj}bthb mk mhv~lvhfhöj chjbi `kmhbj}k tkiikjlvbjh}bthl) mkdktâ akv}hljbt ~tlkf}lv mk b~tlskfob`hkj}l sbilthwbfhöj kjktaè}hfb l~tlkf}lv r{k hjsli{ftkj `kfbjhv`lv mk `kfbjhv`l mk Mkvbttliil Ih`~hl /@MI(*BT]ÀF[IL ;3* SHAKJFHB X MKTLAB]LTHBV* Ki ~tkvkj}k Mkftk}l thak b ~bt}ht mk ibckfob mk v{ ~{dihfbfhöj kj ki Mhbthl Lchfhbi mktlab }lmbv ibv jlt`bv r{k ik vkbjflj}tbthbv*^{diàr{kvk f÷`~ibvk*Mbml kj Dlal}â) M* F*) b ____ mk 4>2>*

ÂISBTL [THDK SÈIKWKi @hjhv}tl mk B`dhkj}k) Shshkjmb Mkvbttliil ]ktth}lthbiFBTILV FLV]B ^LVBMB ^tlkf}l mk Mkftk}l ‖ B~tlskfob`hkj}l Sktvhöj 6 @bl4>2> 2=

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