EL SOEDUCACIÓ MUSICAL – 1 ESOEscola Betúlia

Chapter 1

El so

Com es produeix el so

http://www.edu3.cat/Edu3tv/Fitxa?p_id=21344&p_ex=el%20so

Font sonora: Allò que vibra i provoca les ones sonoresMedi de propagació: És el material que transmet les ones sonoresReceptor o oient: És que rep les ones, i per tant, sent el so

Per què hi hagi so, la font sonora ha de produir vibracionsAquesta vibració provoca oscil·lacions anomenades ones sonores

oscil·loscopi: aparell que permet veure en una pantalla laforma de les ones sonores

Propagació de l’aire

L’aire, medi de propagació, és un gas, també pot propagar-se per un altre gas, liquid o sòlid, però a velocitat diferent, com més lent el medi, més ràpidamet es propaga el so

Aire (gas) 331 m/s

Aigua (líquid) 1435 m/s

Acer (sòlid) 5000 m/sBuit (no hi ha medi) 0 m/s

Qualitats del soChapter 2

Qualitats del so

Altura: expressa si els sons són aguts o greus (tono, pitch) HzDurada: expressa si els sons són llargs o curts (duration) Sec.Intensitat: expressa si els sons són forts o fluixos (intensity) dBTimbre: expressa el seu color i de quina font sonora prové (color or timbre) Harmonics

Altura

Clau de do en tercera línia

Clau de do en quarta línia 

Hi ha diferents tipus de claus:•La clau de sol es fa servir per a melodies agudes.•La clau de fa es fa servir per a melodies greus.

Sostingut, bemoll i natural:

La durada

Tempo:

LargoLentoAdagioAndanteModeratoAllegrettoAllegroVivaceVivoPresto

intensitat

TimbreTimbre: s’indica al davant del pentagrama el nom de l’instrument o veu que l’ha d’interpretar, a més pot haver-hi altres indicadors que afectin al timbre (pizzacato, arco, amb sordina...)

Qualitats del so - elements musicals

El soroll i el silenciChapter 3

El soroll

L’osciloscopi mostra el soroll amb ones irregulars

Pensa 5 fons sonores que produeixen soroll

Màquina de caféMotocicletaTronsAire condicionat

El silenci

El silensi dura mentre la nostra oïda no rep cap mena d’ona sonora.La música els utilitza per crear tensió enmig d’una obra, evitant així la monotonia d’una música contínua.O abans o després d’un moment musical per destacar-lo.Aquesta obra té silencis inesperats:

Scott Joplin - Stoptime Rag Piano Roll

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0Z2ajBvw5E

Chapter 4

Qualities of sound

Qualities of sound - Pitch

Pitch: This is the characteristic of sound that tell us the difference between a high sound and a low sound. It depends on the wave frequency: the vibration of speed. It measures in units called hertzes (Hz) which show the number of vibrations per second.

Qualities of sound - PitchTo represent the pitch we use the staff, the clef and the notes. The staff is written as five horizontal parallel lines and four spaces. Most of the notes are place one one of these lines or in a space between lines.

The clef is a symbol at the beginning of the staff. It indicates the same that the notes are going to recieve. The treble clef indicates that the note on the 2nd line is called G (sol). From that reference, we can deduct the names of the rest of the notes on the staff.

Extra ledger lines may be added to show a note that is too high or too low to be on the staff.

Qualities of sound - DurationDuration: This is the characteristic of sound that tell us the difference between a short sound and a long sound. It depends on the wave persistence: how long the wave lasts until fading out. The duration is indicated using several symbols. In standard notation, a single music sound is written as a note.

Qualities of sound - DurationNote value equivalence table:

Qualities of sound - DurationEnglish and American note names:

The silence is indicated with rest notes, or simply rests.

Qualities of sound - DurationNote length modifiers: they are used to prolong or extend the duration pf notes and rests. We have three length modifiers.Dotted notes (puntet): It is a small dot placed on the right of notes and rests. It adds half of thier values.

Ligature (lligadura): It is a curved line that links one or more notes that sound the same, adding up thier length.

Fermata (calderó): It is a semicercle with a dot in the middle. It extends the length of the note or the rest, interrumping for a moment the time measure.

Qualities of sound - IntensityIntensity: It is the characteristic of the sound that tell us the difference between a loud sound and a soft sound. It depends on the wave amplitude. It is measure in decibels (dB).

Dynamics:

Qualities of sound - Timbre / colorTimber or color: (timbre) Is the characteristic that allows us to distinguish between one instrument and another, for example, a flute and a piano can play the same note (pitch), with the same duration and intensity, however each instrument sounds different. Harmonics: some instruments

can reproduce more than one sound when a note is played, these notes are called harmonics.