15. La Guía de los Phrasal Verbs Ebook

7/23/2019 15. La Guía de los Phrasal Verbs Ebook

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La Guía de los Phrasal Verbs © 2014 Daniel Welsch página 1



La Guía de los Phrasal Verbs

Aprende 105 phrasal verbs comunes con ejemplos claros y sencillos

Escrito por Daniel Welsch

Copyright © 2014 Daniel Welsch

Mucho más inglés en mi página web:

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Diseño de cubierta Jessica Van Riper

Contacto: [email protected]

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Contenido

¿Por qué necesitas este libro? 4

Introducción 6

¿Qué son los phrasal verbs? 6

¿Realmente se usan? 6

¿Los phrasal verbs son muy difíciles? 7

Transitivo e Intransitivo 10

Separable e Inseparable 11

Las partículas más comunes 12

¿Cuántos phrasal verbs hay en inglés? 12

¿Usarlos, o entenderlos? 12

Los phrasal verbs 13 Up / Down 13

On / Off 23

In / Out 28

Phrasal verbs con Around 38

Phrasal Verbs con Back 41

Un par de phrasal verbs con Away 45

Otros Phrasal Verbs Importantes 47

Conversaciones usando los phrasal verbs 51

Ejercicios 55

Respuestas 61

Acerca del Autor 62




¿Por qué necesitas este libro?

Los phrasal verbs son un tema importante para cualquier estudiante del inglés, ydesafortunadamente los profesores suelen presentarlo como algo difícil o casi imposiblede aprender.

No lo es. Y yo no soy un profesor de esos.

En mi opinión, los phrasal verbs no son tan difíciles—los usan incluso los niños pequeñosantes de aprender un vocabulario más amplio. Y suelen ser, al final, sólo un par desílabas.

Además, son absolutamente necesarios para expresar muchos conceptos.

Si miras en un diccionario para ver las definiciones de unos phrasal verbs, encuentras queno hay otra forma de decir estas cosas.

La definición de un phrasal verb como “turn on” en mi diccionario es algo así como “startthe flow or operation of something by means of a button, a tap or a switch.” Que enespañol sería “empezar el flujo o la operación de algo mediante un botón, un grifo o uninterruptor.”

Casi más fácil aprender el phrasal verb, no? Turn on. Ya está.

Entonces, la presentación y la forma de explicar los phrasal verbs es importante. Haypautas que siguen, según las varias partículas, que nos ayudan a saber el significado. Poreso, este libro está dividido en capítulos según la partícula: up / down, on / off, around,back, etc.

Y para hablar el inglés con gente nativa (o incluso con gente de buen nivel) los phrasalverbs son imprescindibles—se usan en todo momento, todos los días a todas horas.

Los métodos “normales” ponen un par de ejercicios sobre los phrasal verbs en una parteno muy importante del libro, para que el profesor pueda saltarlo si quiere. Pero eso noquiere decir que no son necesarios.

Cuando escribí mi primer libro, “27 Phrasal Verbs Que Debes Conocer”, elegí el número27 porque era un número pequeño, manejable.

En la realidad, quería escribir otro libro (mucho más amplio) pero para un primer intentono quería pasarme. Además, no sabía si alguien quería leer un libro mío.

Pues, “27 Phrasal Verbs Que Debes Conocer” ha tenido una gran acogida (tanto enEspaña como en América) y en estos años lo he mejorado mucho: ahora está en sutercera edición… y además traducido al italiano y al portugués.

Luego escribí “31 Phrasal Verbs para Inglés de Negocios” que sigue en la misma vena.

Pero en todo caso, el libro que quería escribir en aquel primer momento ha tenido queesperar hasta ahora—este es el libro más amplio, que explica de forma clara y sencilla

más de 100 de los phrasal verbs más usados del inglés.

Concretamente, hay 105 aquí, si he contado bien.




Este libro te ofrece la oportunidad de entender y empezar a usar los phrasal verbs deforma natural, como hacemos los angloparlantes nativos. Los phrasal verbs aquí sonaquellos que son más comunes en el inglés hablado y escrito (con explicaciones de lasdiferencias entre británico y americano donde las hay)

Además, explica las pautas detrás de ellos para que puedas comprender los phrasal

verbs nuevos que encuentres en tu día a día. Termina con unas conversaciones queutilizan estos phrasal verbs, además de unos ejercicios para practicar y así mejorasimilarlos.

Cómo siempre, encontrarás mucho más en mis páginas web: madridingles.es (que tienemás de 700 artículos) y aprendemasingles.com donde estoy publicando artículos máslargos sobre el aprendizaje, la motivación, la memoria, etc.

Buen aprendizaje,

Daniel.

P.D. Si no estás suscrito para recibir actualizaciones por correo, ahora es el momento:recibirás 2 o 3 lecciones gratuitas por semana en tu correo electrónico, además de la guíade “7 errores comunes al hablar inglés, y cómo evitarlos.” Suscríbete aquí:madridingles.es/suscribir



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Introducción

¿Qué son los phrasal verbs?

Los phrasal verbs son un verbo más una preposición o un adverbio. (A veces se llama

partícula.) La partícula cambia el significado “normal” del verbo.

Por ejemplo, el verbo “get.” Todos sabemos que get es recibir o conseguir, ¿no?

get = recibir o conseguir

Pero poniendo una partícula, se cambia el significado mucho.

get up = levantarse

get around = moverse (en el sentido de irse de un sitio a otro)

get over = superar

Otro ejemplo podría ser “take.” Normalmente “take” tomar o algo parecido, pero el phrasal

verb “take off” tiene por lo menos dos significados importantes

take off = quitar (ropa)

take off = despegar (un avión)

¿Realmente se usan?

¡Sí se usan! Los nativos usamos los phrasal verbs todos los días, a todas horas, y sin

pensarlo.

A nosotros, nos parecen más fáciles que otras palabras porque son palabras muy cortas.

Como he mencionado en antes, hay algunas ideas que son muy difíciles de explicar sin

un phrasal verb, porque los phrasal verbs son tan comunes.

Tengo un video sobre este punto en YouTube si quieres: ¿Realmente se usan los phrasal

verbs?

De paso, suscríbete a mi página en youtube, que tengo muchos videos sobre la

pronunciación, el vocabulario y lo demás ahí. Además estoy contestando a las preguntas

de los lectores que tengo alrededor del mundo. Mi canal es youtube.com/mrdanielwelsch


http://youtube.com/mrdanielwelsch

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7At2ktt1mAE



¿Los phrasal verbs son muy difíciles?

Mucha gente cree que los phrasal verbs son muy difíciles. Personalmente, creo que es

cuestión de perspectiva.

“Get up” son dos sílabas, pero “despertarse” son cuatro. Con muchas conjugacionesademás.

Lo que sí puede ser un poco más difícil es asociar los distintos phrasal verbs con get, por

ejemplo, que tienen significados tan distintos. Get up, get around, get over, y los demás.

Pero, ¿Cuál es más difícil?

I got up. = Yo me desperté

You got up. = Tú te despertaste.

He got up. = Él se despertó.

She got up. = Ella se despertó.

We got up= Nosotros nos despertamos.

They got up. = Ellos se despertaron.

Conjugaciones en inglés

Los phrasal verbs se conjugan como otro verbos. Se usan en todos los tiempos verbales y

en las frases condicionales también.

Aquí tienes unos ejemplos con el phrasal verb “look for,” que significa “buscar”.

I looked for it yesterday. (past simple)

I’ll look for it tomorrow. (future)

I’m looking for it now. (present continuous)

If I had time, I’d look for it. (segundo condicional)

En todo caso, aparte del verbo “to be” los verbos en inglés tienen muy pocasconjugaciones. Para el verbo look, sólo hay cuatro formas: look, looks, looked, looking.




Los verbos irregulares

Look es un verbo regular, así que el pasado es looked. Termina en -ed como otros verbos

regulares.

Un verbo irregular tiene otra forma para el pasado. “Get,” por ejemplo, tiene el pasado quees “got” y un participio pasado que puede ser “got” o “gotten” (dependiendo en si estás

hablando con un británico o un americano).

She got up at 8 o’clock. (pasado simple)

She’ll get up soon. (future)

She’s getting up now. (present continuous)

She has gotten up at 6 o’clock every day this week. (present perfect)

Varios significados

Lo que sí es un poco más complicado es el tema de los varios significados. A veces los

significados son muy diferentes.

Take off your hat . = Quítate el gorro.

The plane took off. = El avión despegó.

Separable e Inseparable

Hay phrasal verbs separables (que se puede poner el complemento entre las dos

palabras) e inseparables.

I’m looking after my little sister. (look after= cuidar. Inseparable.)

I picked up my little sister from school. // I picked my little sister up from school. (pick up

= recoger, ir a buscar. Separable.)

Cuando usamos un pronombre como complemento, siempre separamos los phrasal verbs

separables. (Si un phrasal verb es inseparable, no lo separamos.)

I’m going to pick her up from school. NOT pick up her




En todo caso, en mi experiencia este punto no es muy problemático para los estudiantes.

Parece que después de escuchar los phrasal verbs un tiempo, se desarrolla una especie

de intuición al respeto, y no presenta grandes problemas.

Dentro de un par de páginas, hablaremos más del tema de los phrasal verbs separables e

inseparables.




Transitivo e Intransitivo

Los verbos transitivos aceptan un complemento. Los transitivos no. Volviendo al ejemplo

de antes, el phrasal verb “take off” puede ser transitivo o intransitivo, con diferentes

significados.

The plane took off. (Sujeto + verbo) = Intransitivo. Aquí significa “despegar.”

She took off her hat . (Sujeto + verbo + complemento) = Transitivo. Aquí significa

“quitarse.”

Otros verbos son transitivos por necesidad. Por ejemplo:

Look after somebody / something = cuidar de alguien / algo.

No tendría mucho sentido el verbo “cuidar” sin un complemento… ¿A quién estás

cuidando?

I’m looking after my little sister.

En cambio, un phrasal verb como “look around” es intransitivo. Es algo que una persona

hace, simplemente, y no tiene complemento.

Look around = mirar por todos lados.

She walked outside and looked around.

Ahí si quieres poner algo más, lo pones con la preposición “for”. Por ejemplo:

She walked outside and looked around for the dog, but she didn’t see him.




Separable e Inseparable

Otro tema que tener en cuenta es que algunos phrasal verbs son separables, y otros son

inseparables.

En otras palabras, un phrasal verb como “take off” puede separarse, poniendo el

complemento entre verbo y preposición:

Take off your hat. / Take your hat off.

Otros son inseparables, y el complemento siempre va después de la preposición:

I’m going to look after my sister this weekend.

INCORRECTO: I’m going to look my sister after.

Normalmente indico que un phrasal verb es separable poniendo las palabras someone o

something entre verbo y preposición. Si pongo el someone o something después de la

preposición, es un verbo inseparable.

En todo caso es un tema que normalmente la gente capta “por intuición” no sé como, y no

suele haber grandes problemas.

Cuando un phrasal verb es separable, y usamos un pronombre (en este caso, un

pronombre de complemento directo: me, you, him, her, it, us, them), se separa

obligatoriamente.

Take off your hat. = Take it off.

Put on your shoes. = Put them on.

Pedro asked Maria out. = Pedro asked her out.

Pero inseparables no se separan ni con un pronombre:

I’m looking for my passport. = I’m looking for it.

She asked for two cups of coffee. = She asked for them.




Las partículas más comunes

Las partículas más comunes, que veremos en este libro, son las siguientes:

up / down … on / off … in / out … around … away

over … back … for

Donde podemos, usaremos los significados de las partículas como base para entender los

phrasal verbs con más facilidad.

¿Cuántos phrasal verbs hay en inglés?

Oficialmente, hay algo más de mil phrasal verbs en inglés. Pero eso incluye cosas que no

se usan muy a menudo y no hace falta estudiarlas. Es como el tema de los verbos

irregulares. Podrías aprender verbos como “shear - shore - shorn” (que quiere decir

“esquilar”) pero supongo que, si no eres pastor, no va a ser muy útil en tu día a día.

Creo que este libro abarca la mayoría de los phrasal verbs más usados del inglés—

siempre se pueden encontrar más (incluso nuevos usos que se están inventando cada

año) pero con una sólida base podrás también adivinar lo que significan—igual que

hacemos los angloparlantes cuando escuchamos una palabra o una expresión nueva.

¿Usarlos, o entenderlos?

Es muy importante poder entender los phrasal verbs. Los nativos los usamos todo el

tiempo para expresar muchas ideas comunes.

En cambio, si no llegas a usarlos con perfección, no te preocupes.

Aquí vamos a aprender los significados de las partículas, y así muchas veces puedesadivinar el significado de un verbo nuevo. Estas cosas tienen su lógica.

Y seguimos…




Los phrasal verbs

Up / Down

Phrasal verbs con Up

La partícula “up” describe:

1. Un movimiento hacia arriba.

2. Algo que mejora o incrementa.

3. Algo que se termina.

También hay usos de “up” que son enfáticos (o sea, que resaltan lo que estás diciendo), yusos que no tienen ningún motivo. A veces ponemos un “up” simplemente porque suena

bien.

Phrasal verbs con Down

La partícula “down” describe:

1. Un movimiento hacia abajo.

2. Algo que se reduce o empeora.

STAND UP / SIT DOWN

Stand up y sit down son opuestos.

Stand up = ponerse en pie.

Sit down = sentarse.

Así describen un movimiento literal, hacia arriba o hacia abajo. Normalmente se usan

como intransitivos.

Please sit down and listen to me.

Could you stand up and look under the chair?




She walked into the room and sat down on the sofa.

He stood up and went to the kitchen.

The bus was full, so I had to stand up all the way to the office.

GET UP / WAKE UP

Estos dos verbos describen acciones muy distintas:

Wake up = despertarse.

Get up = levantarse.

Uno puede despertarse a las 5 de la mañana y luego pasar horas en la cama antes de

levantarse. Se puede usar “get up” para levantarse de la cama, pero también para

levantarse de estar sentado o después de caerse.

I woke up at 7 AM but I didn’t get up until 9.

We need to get up early to catch the train.

I woke up in the middle of the night because of a noise in the street.

She always gets up at 6 o’clock, because she starts work at 8.

I slipped and fell on the wet floor, but I was able to get up before anyone saw me. (slip =

resbalar, deslizar)

MAKE-UP

Make up tiene muchos significados.

Pero vamos a poner claro desde el principio que maquillaje = make-up. Normalmente se

escribe con guión, aunque a veces aparece como “makeup”, todo junto.

El verbo de “maquillarse” es, normalmente, “put on make-up” o “wear make-up.”

She’s in the bathroom putting on her make-up for the party.




She always wears make-up to the office.

Q: Why does it take her so long to get ready in the morning?

A: Because she’s very careful about putting on her make-up.

MAKE SOMETHING UP

Make something up = inventar una historia o una excusa. En este caso es separable y

transitivo

That didn’t really happen. She just made it up.

Quick! Make up an excuse so Mom doesn’t get mad at us.

I don’t know what I’m going to do. I’ll just make it up as I go along. (esta última frase

significa algo así como “voy a improvisar sobre la marcha.”)

Make something up = recuperar algo.

Otro significado, muy distinto, de “make up” es “recuperar” en el sentido de hacer algo en

otro momento.

We won’t have class on Friday, so we’ll make up the hour on Monday.

Pedro failed two tests, so he has to make them up in September.

She missed a couple of weeks of class, so she has a lot of work to make up.

GIVE UP

Give up = rendirse, dejar de hacer algo (especialmente algo que te gusta). Muchas veces

se usa seguido de un gerundio. Se puede usar “give up your job” para dejar el trabajo

(voluntariamente).

Dejar de hacer algo:

She gave up smoking last year.




The doctor says you have to give up eating fried foods.

I don’t know the answer. I give up! Are you going to tell me?

He gave up his job because he wanted to travel around the world.

Rendirse:

The criminals put down their weapons and gave themselves up to the police.

Never give up. Keep working to get what you want.

WALK UP / RUN UP / DRIVE UP

Con un verbo de movimiento, se puede usar up o down para describir la dirección, hacia

arriba o hacia abajo.

She was walking up the stairs while he was walking down.

To get to their house, you have to drive up the hill outside of town.

She ran down the street as fast as she could.

He ran up the stairs and knocked on the door. (knock on the door = tocar la puerta)

En el caso de “down the street,” no está muy claro qué quiere decir el down. Puede ser

que va cuesta abajo, pero muchas veces se usa simplemente para decir “por la calle” o “a

lo largo de la calle.”

Por ejemplo:

I was walking down the street the other day when I saw Maria.

Ahí el “down the street” probablemente no significa nada específico. Simplemente da una

idea de movimiento.




LOOK UP / LOOK DOWN

“Look up” tiene tres significados, y “look down” tiene dos.

Look something up = buscar información. En este caso es transitivo y separable.

I’m going to look this word up in the dictionary.

I can’t remember her phone number. I’ll look it up in my agenda.

Look up = mirar hacia arriba. Ahí es muy literal. Intransitivo.

He looked up and saw the bird flying over his head.

Maria looked up. The sky was cloudy. “I guess it’s going to rain soon,” she said.

Look down = mirar hacia abajo. Este también es literal.

She looked down and saw that she had stepped in the mud. (mud = barro)

He opened the window and looked down at the people in the street.

Look down on someone = despreciar a alguien.

It seems like my boss looks down on everyone on his team. I don’t like him at all .

She thinks hard work is very important, and she looks down on lazy people.

Look up to someone

Look up to someone = admirar a alguien.

I’ve always looked up to my grandfather. He’s a wonderful man.

He really looks up to famous football players. When he’s older, he wants to be a football

player, too.

Who do you look up to?

En los phrasal verbs “look up to / look down on” las partículas tienen su significado de

positivo y negativo. “Up” se usa para expresar una opinión positiva de alguien, y “down”

para una opinión negativa.




PICK UP / PUT DOWN

Pick up puede ser “recoger algo del suelo.” En este caso se refiere a un movimiento hacia

arriba. Lo contrario es put down. Los dos son transitivos y separables.

Don’t just leave your things on the floor… Pick them up!

She put her suitcase down next to the door.

“Just a second. Let me put down this box and then I’ll help you.”

He’s picking up the papers that he dropped. (drop = dejar caer)

PICK UP / DROP OFF

Pick up puede ser también ir a buscar algo o recoger a alguien. En este caso, lo contrario

es drop off. Los phrasal verbs opuestos muchas veces tienen partículas opuestas (tipo up

/ down) pero a veces el significado es opuesto con otra partícula. ¡Así es la vida!

I’ll pick you up at the airport when you arrive.

Could you drop off my clothes at the cleaner’s?

She’s going to pick her kids up at school.

I need to drop these papers off at the office.

TURN UP / TURN DOWN

“Turn up” es subir el volumen (o algo parecido) en un aparato electrónico. “Turn down” es

bajarlo. De nuevo, hablamos de “hacia arriba y hacia abajo.”

Could you please turn down the TV? I’m trying to study.

If you turn up the air conditioning we won’t be so hot.

En este caso, es separable:

I love this song. Turn it up!




The TV is too loud. Could you please turn it down?

TURN UP (aparecer)

Para hacerlo más divertido, “turn up” tiene otro significado muy distinto: aparecer o llegar.

En este caso es intransitivo.

I was looking for my keys all morning… Finally they turned up under the sofa!

They were late for the meeting. By the time they turned up , we were almost finished.

It wasn’t a very good party. Half the people we invited didn’t turn up.

TURN DOWN (rechazar)

Otro significado de turn down es rechazar. Vuelve a ser transitivo y separable

He asked Maria to go out with him, but she turned him down.

They offered Pedro a job in Dubai, but he turned it down. He doesn’t want to go abroad.

If you turn down too many invitations, people will stop inviting you.

BREAK UP / BREAK DOWN

Parece que estos dos phrasal verbs sean opuestos, pero en realidad, no tienen nada que

ver el uno con el otro.

Break down = averiarse (un coche o una máquina grande)

Her car broke down on the highway.

The factory had to stop work when one of their big machines broke down.

The copy machine broke down yesterday. Have you called the technician?

Break up = terminar una relación.

She broke up with her boyfriend last week.




Did you hear that Pedro and Maria broke up?

I can’t believe you’re breaking up with me!

También se puede usar “split up” para terminar una relación. Se usa normalmente si estás

casado.

When she split up with her husband, she moved to a new city.

My parents split up when I was a teenager. It was difficult for everyone.

SPEED UP / SLOW DOWN

Speed up = acelerar / ir más rápido. Slow down = ralentizar / ir más despacio.

Slow down! You’re over the speed limit.

Could you please slow down? I can’t understand you when you speak so fast.

He sped up and soon the car was gone. (Speed es un verbo irregular, y la conjugación es

“speed - sped - sped”)

The economic recovery is speeding up. Maybe I’ll finally find a job.

HURRY UP

hurry up = darse prisa. Se usa mucho en imperativo y en exclamación. Aquí usamos “up”

para “incrementar la velocidad”.

If you don’t hurry up, we’ll miss the train.

Hurry up and finish your breakfast. We have to go.

Hurry up! The taxi is waiting!

En cambio, la expresión “to be in a hurry” significa tener prisa, como un estado. “Hurry up”

se refiere a la acción de “darse prisa”. Fíjate que el verbo “tener” no entra en las frases…Usamos el verbo to be y nada más.




Sorry, I can’t stop to talk. I’m in a hurry.

He’s always in a hurry to go somewhere. I guess he’s pretty busy.

SPEAK UP / QUIET DOWN

Speak up = hablar más alto (incrementar el volumen).

Quiet down = bajar la voz, tranquilizarse.

Aquí usamos “up” para incrementar, y “down” para reducir. Quiet normalmente es un

adjetivo, pero aquí lo usamos como verbo.

I can’t hear you. Could you please speak up?

If you don’t speak up, nobody will know about your great ideas.

Children, quiet down! People are trying to study.

Please quiet down and show some respect for the speaker.

CHEER UP / FEEL DOWN

Como “up” se refiere a algo que se mejora, y “down” a algo que se empeora, tenemos

estos dos phrasal verbs sobre las emociones.

Cheer up = animarse, ¡ánimo!

Feel down = sentirse triste

She’s been feeling down since her dog died.

Pedro’s been feeling down a lot lately. Ever since he broke up with his girlfriend, he’s been

depressed.

Cheer up! Everything is going to be fine!

I made her some cookies to cheer her up, but it didn’t work. She’s still feeling down.




END / END UP

A veces, poner una partícula cambia muy poco el significado del verbo.

“End” es terminar en el sentido literal.

The film ends at midnight.

My English class ends at 7:30.

“End up” se usa para hablar del resultado de un proceso. La traducción al español es más

bien “acabar”.

I wanted to go to Japan, but I ended up going to China. Japan was too expensive.

They walked for hours and finally ended up in a small village.

She thought about studying Business, but she ended up studying Engineering.

WRITE / WRITE DOWN

Otro ejemplo. Todos sabemos que “write” es escribir.

Cervantes wrote Don Quixote in the 17th Century.

My job is kind of boring. I just write emails all day.

“Write down” es anotar. La partícula “down” se usa para decir que estamos escribiendo

menos. El típico significado de “reducir”.

I’m going to write down your address so I can send you a postcard while I’m on holiday.

He wrote down his telephone number and gave it to her.

I forgot her email address, and I didn’t write it down, either. I hope I see her again.




On / Off

Los significados de On

La partícula “on” puede tener varios significados. Los más importantes son:

1. Una actividad continua o constante.

2. La acción de tocar o acercarse.

Los significados de Off

La partícula “off” tiene también varios significados. Puede ser:

1. Terminar algo.

2. Apartar o quitar algo.

3. Ir en dirección contraria—hacia otra parte.

GO ON / KEEP ON / CARRY ON

Estos 3 significan “seguir haciendo algo”.

I asked her to stop, but she just kept on walking.

Carry on with your work. I don’t want to interrupt.

Go on. I’m very interested in what you’re saying.

Y se usa más keep on + gerundio.

If you keep on working hard, you’ll get a promotion.

She can’t find a job, so she’s going to keep on studying.




On and on and on…

A veces se usa la expresión “on and on and on” para decir que algo parece no terminar

nunca.

The meeting was so boring, but it just went on and on and on… We were there for hours!

The film was pretty slow, it seemed to just go on and on and on.

GET ON / GET OFF

Se usan get on y get off para subirse y bajarse de medios de transporte. (Aparte del

coche… Para el coche usamos get into / get out of).

She got on the train and sat down.

What station should I get off at?

You should get off at the last station on the line.

When he got on the bus, he realized he had left his money at home.

When the underground stopped, a few people got off and a lot of people got on.

HOLD ON / HANG ON

Hold on / hang on = esperar. Aquí “on” tiene significado de continuar, en este caso,

continuar esperando.

Could you hold on for 5 minutes? I’m not ready to leave yet.

Hang on, I’m almost ready.

Muchas veces se usa “hold on” o “hang on” al teléfono:

Hang on, I’ll transfer your call to Mr Smith’s office.

Could you hold on for a second? I’m not sure if he’s in his office.




Otro significado es de agarrarse o sujetarse.

Hang on to the bar. This bus driver is crazy!

GET ON / ALONG WITH SOMEBODY

Get on with somebody = llevarse bien. En inglés americano, se dice “get along” con el

mismo significado. Podríamos decir que aquí el “on” se refiere a una relación que

continúa.

Con un negativo, significa que no se llevan bien.

Do you get on well with your boss?

No, but I get on very well with my co-workers.

She doesn’t get along very well with her sister. They always fight.

They broke up last year, but they still get on well.

I get along very well with most people in my family, but not with my cousin Tommy.

We don’t get along very well. He’s not very nice.

PUT ON / TAKE OFF

Put on = ponerse (ropa). Take off = quitarse (ropa). Fíjate que cambia tanto el verbo como

la partícula.

I took off my shoes and put on my slippers.

Don’t take off your coat! It’s freezing!

You should really put on suncream before you go to the beach.

When you go into the church, you should take off your hat.

He got up and put on his uniform.




TAKE OFF

“Take off” significa también “despegar” cuando se habla de un avión. El sustantivo es

take-off. Lo contrario normalmente es “land.” Usado así, es intransitivo.

The plane took off at 11 AM. It will land in a few minutes.

We are prepared for take-off. Please remain seated until the plane has reached cruising

altitude.

Q: What time does your flight take off?

A: It takes off at 9 o’clock, so we should be at the airport at 7.

TURN ON / TURN OFF

Turn on = encender algo (normalmente) electrónico.

Turn off = apagar algo (normalmente) electrónico.

He turned off the computer and turned on the TV.

Be sure to turn off the light when you leave.

Could you turn on the air conditioning? It’s so hot in here!

I’d love to turn on the air conditioning, but I don’t want to pay a huge electric bill next

month. (huge = enorme)

Acuérdate de turn up y turn down para “subir” y “bajar” el volumen, el aire, etc. Asítenemos cuatro phrasal verbs con “turn”—más otro que veremos más adelante: “turn

around” que quiere decir “darse la vuelta”




RUN OFF / WALK OFF

Aquí off se refiere a “hacia otro lado” o “hacia otra parte.” Se puede usar también

away.

She turned around and walked off. (Turn around, como acabo de mencionar, es “darse lavuelta”).

The thief grabbed her bag and ran off.

The dog was scared and ran away.

Don’t fight with him. It’s not worth it. It’s better just to walk away.

También se puede usar “walk away” para dejar un trabajo.

She walked away from a good job to start her own business.

PUT OFF / CALL OFF

Put off = posponer.

Call off = cancelar.

Supongo que “put off” utiliza el significado de “apartar” algo aquí, en el sentido de ponerlo

más lejos en el tiempo. Es un poco abstracto, pero funciona.

If you keep putting it off, you’ll never finish.

They had to put off the meeting because the manager was late. Finally they started at 4PM.

The baseball game was called off because of the rain.

Pedro had to call off his trip to Italy because he broke his leg the week before.

They called off the wedding. They’re not going to get married!




In / Out

Los phrasal verbs con IN / INTO

Tanto in como into pueden expresar un movimiento hacia dentro. En inglés americano,

por lo menos, no hay mucha diferencia entre estas dos frases.

Put the beer in the fridge.

Put the beer into the fridge.

INTO

Into expresa mejor el movimiento hacia dentro, cuando la frase incluye también el

“destino.”

He walked into the house.

She got into the car.

They stood at the window and looked into the old building.

En cambio: It’s in the house / in the car / in the box etc describe la ubicación: dónde está

algo, no un movimiento.

Pero (como pasa en muchas ocasiones) hay una diferencia notable entre el inglés

“correcto” y el inglés que se habla de verdad. A veces se usa “in” para todo.

OUT

Out normalmente describe la acción de sacar algo o un movimiento hacia fuera. También

se usa para la acción de excluir algo.

Get out of here! = vete, lárgate (hacia fuera)

She took her wallet out of her bag. = sacar (también hacia fuera)

He was left out of the conversation. = excluido de la conversación




COME IN

Come in = entrar.

Come in, please. Let me show you my new house.

Please take off your shoes when you come in.

Come in and sit down. I’d like to have a word with you. (h ave a word with someone =

hablar seriamente)

Come in es distinto de come on, que se usa para animar a alguien.

Come on! You’ll be fine, it’s just a scratch. (scratch = rasguño)

Come on, hurry up! We’re going to be late.

GO OUT

Go out puede ser varias cosas.

Salir de fiesta:

We’re going out to a disco on Friday. Do you want to come?

She spends all her money going out. When is she going to start saving?

In my free time, I like going out.

Salir de casa un tiempo:

He just went out to buy some bread. He’ll be back in a minute.

I’m going out to do the shopping. Do you need anything?

Salir “románticamente” con alguien:

He’s been going out with Maria for about 6 months.

They were going out for a long time. I’m surprised they broke up.




ASK SOMEONE OUT

Ask someone out = invitar a alguien a salir. El out se usa con el mismo significado que en

go out.

I really like Anna, but I don’t know if I should ask her out. Does she have a boyfriend?

I wonder if Pedro is going to ask Maria out. She likes him a lot.

He asked me out, but I turned him down. I really don’t like him that much. (¿Te acuerdas

de turn down? Significa “rechazar”.)

If I asked Maria out, do you think she would say yes?

GET OUT OF HERE!

Como imperativo se usa get out. Significa “vete” o “lárgate.” Más adelante, veremos otra

opción, “go away!”

Get out of here! I never want to see you again!

The building is on fire… Everybody get out!

Cuando usamos get out sin imperativo, también puede ser como “hacer una escapada”

como “salir de la cárcel” o en general como “irse.”

If I have the money, I’ll try to get out of town for a couple of days later this month.

After 20 years, her brother got out of prison.

I’ve got a lot to do at the office today. I might not get out of there until around 8 PM.

GET IN(TO) / GET OUT

Para entrar y salir de un coche, se usa get in y get out.

Para otros medios de transporte, se usa get on y get off.

Get in the car! We have to go or we’ll be late.




He got into the car and started the engine

She got out of the car and walked away.

Get in puede usarse de forma más general como “llegar”.

I hope the weather’s not too bad to drive. Be careful, and call me when you get in.

Her plane gets in at 11:30, so I’m going to go to the airport to pick her up now.

If you get into town before 9 PM, we can go out to dinner.

KEEP OUT / STAY OUT

Keep out y stay out son algo como “quedarse fuera” o “no entrar”

“Keep out” se ve especialmente por escrito.

Private property. Keep out.

Keep out. Danger of electric shock.

En conversación, usamos un poco más “stay out”.

Please stay out of my room. I don’t like it when people go in there.

You should stay out of other people’s business. It’s rude to ask all those questions.

Tell the kids to stay out of the kitchen. I don’t want them to bother me while I’m making

dinner.

PUT IN(TO) / TAKE OUT

Put in / put into = poner o colocar (dentro de algo)

Take out = sacar (fuera)

En español, decir “voy a sacarlo fuera” es redundante, pero en inglés el verbo take notiene la idea de una dirección. Así se usa “take out” para sacar.




He put the butter into the fridge and took out some eggs.

I’m going to put this in my bag.

Could you put these clothes into the washing machine for me? I’ll take them out when they

finish.

He took out his credit card and gave it to the shop assistant.

I’m going to put all these photos in the box.

I’m going to take the dog out for a walk.

LEAVE OUT

Leave out significa “excluir” o “dejar fuera”.

This is the list of guests for the wedding. Is there anyone I’ve left out?

Here’s the report I’m working on. I hope I haven’t left out any important information.

Because of the arguments they had, he was left out of his father’s will. (will = testamento)

Para dejar algo fuera de casa, se usa leave outside.

Their dog must be freezing. I don’t know why they leave him outside in winter.

Just leave those boxes outside. I’ll bring them in later.

FIND OUT

Find out = enterarse, descubrir algo. En este caso el significado no es muy fácil de

adivinar usando el “out” pero es un phrasal verb bastante común.

Could you call the station and find out what time the train leaves?

When I found out she was lying, I was furious.

Hopefully our parents will never find out about this. They wouldn’t like it at all.




I’ll find out how much the tickets cost, and then I’ll call you back.

WORK OUT

Work out tiene 3 significados distintos… Y ninguno es “trabajar fuera.”

Work out = calcular

I can’t work out how much I have to pay in taxes. It’s so complicated.

If you work out your monthly expenses, you can make a budget.

Work out = solucionar

“Work out” puede ser también llegar a una solución para un problema.

He tried to work out the problems with his wife, but in the end they separated.

I can’t work out how to use the new printer. Do you have any idea?

I know it looks difficult, but I’m sure we’ll be able to work it out.

Work out = hacer ejercicio

El otro significado de work out es “hacer ejercicio.” No se usa tanto para jugar al fútbol o

un deporte organizado, sino entrenar o hacer ejercicio en general.

He works out at the gym 3 times a week.

How often do you work out?

He wants to lose weight, so he’s started working out.




WORK ABROAD

Ya que estamos: trabajar fuera (en el sentido de fuera de tu país) es “work abroad.” El

adverbio “abroad” quiere decir “en el extranjero”.

Since I can’t find a job here in Spain, I’m going to work abroad for a few years.

He’s been working abroad for a long time. The money is better in a lot of countries.

También se dice go / live / study abroad.

He’s been living abroad for years. He’s not planning on coming back.

She wants to study abroad next year. She’s hoping to go to Rome.

If I can I’ll go abroad this summer. If not, I’ll go somewhere nice in the mountains.

LOOK OUT! / WATCH OUT!

Estas dos son exclamaciones, se dicen cuando hay peligro. Traducción: ¡Cuidado! ¡Ojo!

Watch out! The bottle is going to fall!

Look out! There’s a man behind you!

A veces se usan (sin exclamación) como tener cuidado.

If you don’t watch out on the metro, somebody will take your wallet. (wallet = cartera)

CARRY OUT

Carry out es una forma más formal de decir do. Muchas veces se refiere a un proceso

complejo. La traducción oficial es “llevar a cabo.”

Doctor: “Before we operate, we’re going to carry out some tests.”

If you carry out the instructions exactly, you should’t have any problem.

They’re carrying out some important research in that laboratory.




CHECK IN / CHECK OUT

Check in = facturar, identificarse (en un hotel o en un aeropuerto).

Check out = pagar e irse (de un hotel o de una tienda)

Muchas veces se usan como sustantivos: check-in, check-out.

Guests at the hotel must check out by 12 o’clock.

The check-in desk is over there. Do you have your passport?

We need to check in at reception before we can go to the room.

Check-out time is 12 o’clock. Let’s go!

CHECK SOMETHING OUT

Check something out = examinar, echar un vistazo, comprobar la calidad de algo. Es

transitivo y separable

This video is great! Check it out!

I’m going to check out the new Toyota. If I like it, I’ll buy it.

There’s a new Italian restaurant in the center. We should check it out.

FILL IN / FILL OUT

Fill in a form = rellenar un formulario. En inglés americano decimos fill out a form. La

preposición es la contraria, pero es el mismo significado.

Before you see the doctor, you have to fill out these forms.

I filled in all the forms, and now I’m waiting for my diploma to arrive.

Can you fill in the missing information?




You wouldn’t believe the forms I had to fill out to get a visa.

The accountant filled out all my tax forms for me.

En cambio, para ejercicios escritos (de inglés, por ejemplo) se usa “fill in the blank.”

Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb.

PLUG SOMETHING IN

Plug something in = enchufar algo. Lo contrario (desenchufar) es unplug. Es separable y

transitivo.

My battery is almost dead. Where can I plug in my mobile?

You can plug your headphones in here.

The TV doesn’t work because you need to plug it in.

If you unplug the computer you can plug in your phone.

LOG IN / LOG OUT

Se usa log in(to) y log out para entrar y salir de aplicaciones informáticas.

También se puede oír log on y log off con los mismos significados: log on es “entrar” en

el sistema informático, y log off es “salir.”

After you log in, you can upload your photos.

Can I log into my email here?

Como sustantivo: login.

Enter your login information to use the database.

You should log out before you close the window.

I think I forgot to log off. I hope nobody is using my account.




RUN INTO SOMEBODY / SOMETHING

Run into puede ser literal (chocar contra algo) o puede ser figurativo (cruzar con alguien).

I ran into my ex-girlfriend at the shopping center. She was with her new boyfriend. It was

really embarrassing.

He was driving his car at night and ran into a tree. Thankfully, he’s okay.

He has a lot of friends, so everywhere he goes he runs into people he knows.

Q: Did you run into anyone you know at the conference?

A: Yes, I ran into Bill Johnson. I hadn’t seen him for years.




Phrasal verbs con Around

Around tiene varios significados como partícula. Puede referirse a:

1. Un movimiento en círculo, o alrededor de algo

2. Un movimiento a muchos sitios o en muchas direcciones.

3. Alguien que no está haciendo mucho.

Algunos ejemplos:

You need to walk around this building. The bus stop is on the other side. = rodear

(andando).

It takes a long time to drive around the city . = rodear (en coche)

Now that she’s finished with university, she’s going to travel around Europe. = viajar por

Europa, a muchos sitios distintos.

He spent all weekend sitting around playing video games. = sentado sin hacer mucho.

WALK AROUND / RUN AROUND

Walk around puede ser “rodear” o puede ser “andar sin un destino concreto.” Run around

es lo mismo, pero más rápido.

I spent the afternoon walking around.

If you walk around the park, the total distance is 2 km.

I spent the day running around trying to get all the documents I needed.

I ran around the track 4 times.

Si quieres dejar muy claro que estás andando sin un destino concreto, puedes usar

“wander around” que podría traducirse por “deambular” o “vagabundear.”

Q: Did you go anywhere on your walk?

A: No, I didn’t. I just wandered around.




LOOK AROUND

Look around = mirar por todos lados o en muchos sitios

He walked out the door and looked around.

If you look around, you can see that there are a lot of abandoned buildings here.

I’ve been looking around for a new flat. Let me know if you hear of anything.

Look around! Isn’t this a beautiful place?

TRAVEL AROUND

El phrasal verb “travel around” puede ser viajar alrededor, o simplemente viajar por un

sitio. En este caso se refiere a “ir a muchos sitios distintos.”

She took a year off to travel around the world.

He’s got a rail pass and he’s going to travel around Europe.

They spent their honeymoon travelling around the USA.

Q: What are your plans for the summer?

A: I don’t know, I guess I’ll travel around a bit.

SHOP AROUND

Shop around = buscar algo en muchas tiendas distintas

I want to buy a motorcycle, so I’m shopping around to find the best price.

If you shop around you might find a discount.

Do you want to buy this jacket, or do you want to shop around?




SIT / STAND / LIE AROUND

Estos tres significan básicamente lo mismo: “no hacer mucho.” El verbo indica si estás de

píe, sentado o tumbado.

The security guard just has to stand around at the door. He doesn’t do much, unlessthere’s a problem.

She doesn’t do anything at the weekends. She just sits around and watches TV.

He didn’t even get out of bed until lunchtime. He spent the whole morning lying around!

Q: Aren’t you tired of sitting around? Why don’t you go take a walk?

A: No, I’m not tired of sitting around. I worked hard all week.

TURN AROUND

Turn around = darse la vuelta. También se puede usar “turn round.”

I really like your dress! Turn round so I can see the back.

It’s getting dark. Maybe we should turn around and walk home.

She turned around and saw that someone was following her.

Economically, things are really turning around. The predictions for the next year are all

very positive.




Phrasal Verbs con Back

Los phrasal verbs con back implican:

1. Un movimiento hacia atrás

2. Una reducción

3. La acción de devolver algo

COME BACK / GO BACK

La historia de come y go es muy sencillo, pero no es exactamente tan sencillo como ir yvenir.

Se usa come para un movimiento hacia donde estás ahora. Y go para un movimiento

hacia otra parte. La regla general es:

Come here, go somewhere else.

Tengo un video donde explico mejor el tema en YouTube: Cómo usar Come y Go.

“Here” siempre es donde está la persona que está hablando.

Lo mismo pasa con come back y go back. Se ha dicho que “come back” es volver, pero

“go back” también es volver. ¿Cuál es la diferencia? Pues, que come back es hacia

donde estoy en el momento de decirlo. Y go back es a otro sitio.

Come back = volver (aquí)

Go back = volver (a otro sitio)

He lives here in Madrid, but he always goes back to his village when he can. (Estamos en

Madrid)

She’s studying in London, but she’s coming back to Madrid in June. (Estamos en Madrid)

My boss is on a business trip, but he’s coming back to the office on Friday. (Estamos en la

oficina)


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qU-QZPt4fRg



I hope to go back to university next year to study a Master’s degree. (Ahora no estoy en la

universidad)

Come back! Don’t run away! (Vuelve hacia donde estoy yo)

CUT BACK

Cut back = recortar o reducir. El sustantivo, cutbacks, son recortes.

The doctor told me I need to cut back on cholesterol.

Due to cutbacks in their budgets, a lot of schools are eliminating art classes.

I’m afraid were going to have to cut back on the number of employees in the Paris office.

Business isn’t very good.

If you don’t have any money, maybe you should cut back your spending.

TAKE SOMETHING BACK

“Take back” es devolver algo que has comprado a la tienda, o devolver algo /alguien a un

sitio.

I’m going to take these shoes back to the shop. I’ve only worn them once and they’re

already falling apart.

I have to take these books back to the library tomorrow. (recuerda: library es “biblioteca”)

Don’t worry. I’ll take you back home later.

I picked Maria up at the airport when she arrived, and took her back to the airport when

she left.




GIVE SOMETHING BACK

Give back = devolver algo a su dueño

That’s my phone! Give it back!

He borrowed those books from me months ago. I wonder when he’s going to give them

back to me.

I gave the drill back to Mike last week. (drill = taladro)

Thanks for letting me use your umbrella. I’ll give it back to you tomorrow.

PAY SOMEONE BACK

Pay someone back = devolver un dinero prestado

He helped me when I needed money, so now I have to pay him back.

I took out a loan when I bought my car, and I’ve been paying it back for two years. (En

este caso, it se refiere al préstamo, porque el banco es una cosa más impersonal.)

I forgot my wallet. Can you lend me 20 pounds? I’ll pay you back tomorrow.

I’m going to pay Pedro back as soon as I get paid. (get paid = cobrar, recibir el salario.)

CALL BACK / WRITE BACK

Call back = devolver la llamada. Write back = contestar por escrito.

My grandmother wrote me a letter. I’m going to write her back.

I got a lot of emails yesterday. I’ll never write back to all these people!

Hey Maria, it’s John. Call me back when you have time.

I couldn’t answer the phone when Maria called, so I called her back later.




GET BACK TO SOMEBODY

Get back to somebody puede ser call back, write back, etc. Es “volver a comunicar con

alguien” pero no es muy específico.

I don’t know if I can go to the music festival. I’ll get back to you as soon as I have a betteridea.

I made an offer for that house, and I’m waiting for the owner to get back to me. I hope he

accepts!

Get back to me later. I’ll be at the office till 7 o’clock.

I’m not really sure. Let me ask my boss and I’ll get back to you tomorrow.

THINK BACK

Think back = pensar en el pasado

When I think back, I realize that I made a lot of mistakes when I was younger.

Okay, think back. When was the last time you saw your keys?

If you think back to the last time you did that, you can see it’s not a very good idea.

LOOK BACK

Look back puede ser literalmente “mirar hacia atrás” o puede ser “pensar en elpasado” (igual que think back)

Now that I’m older, I spend a lot of time looking back at my life…

He looked back and saw that he had left the door open.

She turned around and looked back one last time before walking away forever.

When I look back on it now, I don’t know why I studied law. It seemed like a good idea atthe time!




Un par de phrasal verbs con Away

“Away” no es la partícula más común para un phrasal verb, pero se usa en algunos verbos

importantes para decir “hacia otro lado” o para alguien que se va o se marcha.

GO AWAY

“Go away!” = lárgate, irse, y también salir de la ciudad

Recuerda que “Get out!” se usa si estás dentro de una casa o una habitación, por

ejemplo. El out implica que quiero que salgas, pero “away” es un poco más general.

Go away! I never want to see you again!

She’s going away next week, but she’ll be back in town on Friday evening.

También usamos “go away” para cosas no-físicas. Aquí se usa en el sentido de

“desaparecer.”

I had a headache this morning, but it went away after a couple of hours.

Hopefully your stomach-ache will go away soon.

THROW SOMETHING AWAY / THROW SOMETHING OUT

Throw out y throw away = tirar algo (en la basura). Out implica un movimiento “hacia

fuera de tu casa” y away un movimiento “hacia otro lado”. Las dos expresiones son

sinónimos.

I’m finished with the newspaper. You can throw it away.

There are a lot of things in the house that I’m going to throw out when I move.

Do you want to eat these apples, or should I throw them away?




LOOK / WALK / RUN AWAY

Away implica un movimiento hacia otro lado. Así que cuando lo combinamos con un verbo

de movimiento, nos dice la dirección. Look no es exactamente un movimiento, pero tiene

una dirección.

I know she saw me, but she looked away and didn’t say anything. I guess she doesn’t

want to talk to me.

There was a man sitting over there a minute ago, but he got up and walked away.

When I saw the bear, I ran away as fast as I could.

Recuerda que a veces se usa off con verbos de movimiento también, y con el mismosignificado.

He got in the car and drove off / away.

She turned around and walked off / away.




Otros Phrasal Verbs Importantes

Algunos de los phrasal verbs más importantes tienen otras partículas, aparte de las que

hemos visto, o tienen dos partículas.

Algunos ejemplos: Look for, ask for, look after, run out of, put up with, etc.

Aquí hay un truco: los phrasal verbs con dos partículas son siempre inseparables.

LOOK FOR SOMETHING / SOMEONE

Look for = buscar. Es transitivo e inseparable.

I’m looking for a flat to rent. Do you know anyone who’s renting?

She’s looking for a job in finance, because that’s what she studied at university.

When I arrived in town, I started looking for a job. Fortunately, it didn’t take me long to find

one.

La pregunta termina en “for.” En inglés no pasa nada si terminamos una frase con una

preposición.

Q: What are you looking for?

A: I’m looking for my wallet. Have you seen it?

Q: Who are you looking for?

A: I’m looking for Maria. Have you seen her?

LOOK AFTER SOMETHING / SOMEONE

Look after = cuidar. También se puede decir “take care of,” pero el phrasal verb es muy

común. Es transitivo e inseparable.

I can’t go out tonight, I have to look after my little sister.

Could you look after my cat while I’m on holiday?




He’s at home tonight. He’s looking after his children.

She’s a nurse, so she spends a lot of time looking after old people.

ASK FOR SOMETHING

Fíjate en la diferencia entre “ask” y “ask for.”

Ask = preguntar.

Ask for = pedir.

If you have any problems, ask for help.

She asked for a Coke, but they gave her a Pepsi.

Se puede poner una persona en medio para indicar a quién lo estás pidiendo.

I’m going to ask my boss for a raise.

She asked her mother for some money.

He asked the waiter for a glass of water.

Cuando decimos “ask for someone” se traduce mejor por “preguntar por alguien.”

When you arrive at reception, ask for Mr Johnson. = pregunta por Señor Johnson

GET OVER SOMETHING

Get over = superar algo (una enfermedad, una ruptura, una emoción negativa)

I had a bad cold last week, but I’ve gotten over it now.

It took me a long time to get over Maria. When we broke up it was terrible for me.

I was angry at him for a couple of days, but I got over it. He’s a nice guy.

She’s finally getting over her illness. It was pretty bad.




LOOK FORWARD TO SOMETHING

Look forward to = estar ilusionado por algo en el futuro. Es muy distinto a look for. Se

usa con sustantivo o gerundio (no infinitivo, aunque tenga un to). A veces se traduce por

algo como “no veo el momento de…”

I’m really looking forward to seeing you this weekend.

She’s looking forward to going on holiday.

He’s looking forward to the party tomorrow.

So, you’re starting university in September. Are you looking forward to it?

Yes, I’m looking forward to starting the course.

What are you looking forward to doing this summer?

RUN OUT OF SOMETHING

Run out of something = terminar algo, agotar algo (gastándolo poco a poco) Como otros

phrasal verbs con dos partículas, es inseparable.

We’ve run out of coffee. Could you buy some if you’re at the shops?

It’s near the end of the month, so he’s running out of money.

We’re running out of time! We need to finish this by 6 o’clock.

I’m running out of petrol. Is there a petrol station near here?

If you run out of milk, I’ll buy more.

PUT UP WITH SOMEONE / SOMETHING

Put up with something = soportar, aguantar, tolerar. Se usa con cosas (o personas)

desagradables. Es inseparable.

I don’t like Pepita at all, but I have to put up with her. We work in the same office.




There’s nothing to do about the heat. We just have to put up with it.

They’re doing some road works outside, so we’ve been putting up with a lot of noise this

week.

He’s the boss’ brother. They’ll never get rid of him, so we’ll just have to put up with him.(véase get rid of, en la próxima página)

GET RID OF SOMETHING

Get rid of no es exactamente un phrasal verb, pero sí es una expresión fija con

preposición. El significado es “deshacerse de algo”. Siempre es transitivo, porquenecesitamos saber—¿deshacerse de qué?

I want to get rid of some of these old clothes. Do you want them?

She’s getting rid of almost everything she has because she’s moving to Germany next

month.

I got rid of that old sofa years ago. It was falling apart. (fall apart = caerse en pedazos)

Cuando hacemos la pregunta, puede terminar con la preposición:

Q: Is there anything here that you want to get rid of?

A: Yes, I’d like to get rid of some of these papers.

A veces no hay mucha diferencia entre “get rid of” y “throw away.”

Q: There’s some old food in the fridge. Can I get rid of it?

A: Yeah, sure. Throw it away.




Conversaciones usando los phrasal verbs

Estas conversaciones suenan bastante naturales. Como he dicho, en inglés usamos losphrasal verbs todo el tiempo.

Conversation #1: Bill and Bob

Bill: Hey Bob, what’s your sister, Laura, doing these days?

Bob: Didn’t I tell you? She’s been working abroad for the last few months. She’s in Berlin.

Bill: Really? I had no idea!

Bob: Yeah, she went abroad in April to look for a job, and she found one quick.

Bill: That’s good.

Bob: Yeah, she’s pretty happy. She’s learning German, too.

Bill: Does she still have that boyfriend? Shawn or whatever his name was?

Bob: No, they broke up before she left.

Bill: Even better! Is she coming back to London?

Bob: Definitely. She’s coming back to visit the family in a few weeks.

Bill: Hm. Well, Bob, I know she’s your sister, but do you mind if I ask her out? I’ve always

really liked her.Bob: Not at all! I don’t know if you’re her type, but you can try. Just don’t be hurt if sheturns you down.




Conversation #2: Sandra and Ana

Sandra: What are you going to do when we finish university, Anna?

Anna: I want to travel around Europe for a couple of months.

Sandra: Oh, that sounds nice!

Anna: Yeah. I’d like to go places before I end up with a job and a lot of expenses.

Sandra: Yeah, I know. Have you looked around for any internships?

Anna: No, I haven’t. I’m going to do that when I get back from my trip.

Sandra: Are you going alone?

Anna: No, I’m going with my cousin Sophie.

Sandra: Sophie? I thought you two didn’t get on very well.

Anna: No, you’re thinking of Jessica. I get along very well with Sophie, but I don’t get onwith Jessica..

Sandra: Oh yes, of course. It was Jessica.

Anna: Yeah, Jessica. I try to put up with her, but I can’t. She’s just really annoyingsometimes. Anyway, I’m going to start looking for plane tickets next week.

Sandra: Nice.

Anna: I’m really looking forward to the trip!

Sandra: Good for you. I’m looking forward to going on holiday, too. But my holidays won’tbe as exciting as yours. I’m just going back to my hometown to visit my parents.




Conversation #3: Tom and Mary

Mary: Tom, can you pick me up at the airport on Thursday? I arrive at 9 AM.

Tom: Hang on. Let me look at my calendar. Uh… Yeah, I guess I can pick you up.

Mary: Thanks, Tom. You’re the best. My plane takes off at 6:30, so the flight is only acouple of hours.

Tom: Okay. I’ll write that down in my agenda… Mary, 9AM, Thursday.

Mary: Thanks

Tom: I’ll find out what terminal you’ll be arriving at and I’ll see you there.

Mary: Sounds good. I’m really not excited about being at the airport at 5 AM to check in.But that’s life!

Tom: That’s what happens when you take a low cost airline.

Mary: Yeah, you’re right. I’ll have to get up at 3 AM to be there on time… By the way, doyou know who I ran into the other day?

Tom: No, who did you run into?

Mary: I ran into Bob’s sister, Laura. She’s working here in Berlin. Who knew?

Tom: Oh wow, Laura! She’s great. Does she still have that boyfriend? Shawn, or whateverhis name is?

Mary: No, they broke up before she came to Germany.

Tom: Oh, fantastic. Is she planning on coming back to London anytime soon?

Mary: I don’t know.

Tom: Well, if you see her again, say hi.

Mary: I will.




Conversation #4: Laura and Shawn

Shawn: Ever since we broke up, I’ve felt terrible.

Laura: I know… But you have to carry on. Cheer up!

Shawn: You’re not the only woman in the world, you know.

Laura: No, of course not.

Shawn: You know, I’ve always liked Ana.

Laura: Anna? Good for you!

Shawn: Yeah, we’ve gone out a couple of times. But now she’s leaving to travel aroundEurope.

Laura: Well, maybe you can have a long-distance relationship.

Shawn: What if she ends up breaking up with me, like you did?

Laura: …

Shawn: Anyway, we get on pretty well.

Laura: I’m glad to hear it.

Shawn: What about you? Are you going out with someone new?

Laura: Well, Bill asked me out as soon as I got back from Germany.Shawn: Bill, huh?

Laura: And then Tom asked me out too.

Shawn: Bill and Tom?

Laura: Bill and Tom.

Shawn: Hm. Have I mentioned that I’ve started working out?

Laura: No. You’re working out? Good!

Shawn: Yeah, maybe some day I’ll have big muscles like Bill and Tom.

Laura: Maybe you will.




Ejercicios

I. Une las dos partes de las frases.

1. Could you please turn

2. She’s shopping

3. The noise is terrible, but we’ll have to put

4. I hope we can work

5. She can’t come to the party because she has to look

a. around for a new car to buy.

b. out these problems.

c. after her little sister.

d. down the music? I’m trying to study.

e. up with it until they finish the road works.

*****

6. Could you please speak

7. I don’t like walking

8. He turned around and walked

9. It took me a couple of weeks to get

10. If you lend me 20 euros, I can pay

a. you back on Friday.

b. away. I guess he was really angry.

c. up the stairs. I always take the elevator.

d. up? I can hardly hear you.

e. over that cold. It was terrible!

*****




11. She’s really looking forward

12. I’m going to take this shirt

13. I tried to cheer her

14. I’m exhausted. I spent all day walking

15. Do you get on

a. up, but she was still depressed.

b. well with your boss?

c. back to the shop. It doesn’t fit me very well.

d. around in the rain.

e. to her wedding next year.

*****

16. He was feeling

17. She looked

18. She walked into the house and took

19. Please, slow

20. I’m really busy right now. Can you hang

a. off her coat.

b. around but didn’t see him.

c. down because he lost his job.

d. on for a few minutes while I finish this?

e. down. You’re driving too fast.




II. A estos phrasal verbs les falta la preposición. A veces hay más de una respuestaposible.

1. I don’t know her number. Let me look it ____________ in my agenda.

2. She’s been going ____________ with Miguel for a couple of months. She says they’re

in love.

3. He wants to work ____________ next year. He might go to Germany or he might go to

England.

4. They are looking ____________ a house to buy. Their current place is very small.

5. I go to the gym three times a week to work ____________.

6. My son had a bad cold a couple of days ago, but he’s getting ____________ it now.

7. Hurry ____________! We’re going to be late if we don’t leave now.

8. I want to get rid ____________ these books. Do you want any of them?

9. I bought these shoes last week, and they already have a hole in them. I’m going to take

them ____________ to the shop.

10. If you work in a factory, you learn to put ____________ with being bored.

11. I asked my boss ____________ a pay raise, and he said he’d think about it.

12. The dog took the bone and ran ____________.

13. Are you looking ____________ to your holidays next week?

14. I received an email from Tom. I’m going to write ____________ to him later.

15. I’m going to drop the kids ____________ at school. Will you pick them ____________

this afternoon?

16. She woke ____________ suddenly when she heard a loud noise downstairs.

17. The castle is at the top of the hill. We can drive ____________ to see it later.

18. Did you hear that Laura has broken ____________ with her boyfriend?




19. I have a lot to do on this project. I’m going to keep ____________ working a little while

longer.

20. I forgot what time my appointment was because I didn’t write it ____________.

21. She thought about studying architecture, but she ended ____________ studyingengineering.

22. Hold ____________ for a minute. I forgot my backpack.

23. I get ____________ very well with my boss, but I don’t get ____________ with all my

coworkers.

24. This is the form that you have to fill ____________ if you want to open a bankaccount.

25. My battery is dying. Where can I plug ____________ my phone?

26. They spent the afternoon walking ____________ the city center, looking at the

beautiful architecture.

27. We’ll check ____________ the hotel as soon as we arrive in Prague.

28. “Keep ____________. Danger of electric shock.”

29. I’m thinking of asking Laura ____________. Do you know if she’s doing anything on

Friday?

30. Please, come ____________ and sit ____________. I’ve been waiting for you.

31. I ran ____________ the track 8 times, that’s about 3 kilometers.

32. I forgot my password, so I couldn’t log ____________ to my email.

33. He’s going to travel ____________ the world after he retires.

34. Get ____________ of here! I never invited you!

35. I can’t hear you very well. Could you please speak ____________?

36. Those are your dirty socks, aren’t they? Pick them ____________!




37. My car broke ____________ last week, so I took it to the mechanic.

38. I have to get ____________ very early. My flight takes ____________ at 8 AM.

39. Have you packed your suitcase? Okay, well, let’s go check ____________ of the hotel

and go to the airport.

40. They called ____________ the baseball game because it was raining.

41. Do you enjoy living ____________? Or is it hard to live in another country?

42. Just carry ____________ the instructions exactly and the program should work.

43. Look ____________! You’re going to break something!

44. I don’t know what kind of coat I want to buy. I’m going to shop ____________.

45. Could you please turn ____________ the lights when you leave the house?

46. She gave ____________ smoking last year

47. He stood ____________ and looked out the window. It was raining.

48.Where should I get ____________ the bus?

49. Did you throw ____________ those bottles?

50.When I think ____________ to when I was younger, I realize I made a lot of mistakes.

51. She got ____________ the car and drove ____________.

52. I have to work ____________ my budget for the next month.

53. She’s looking ____________ my cat while I’m on holiday.

54. Let me write ____________ your phone number. I’ll call you ____________ in a

couple of hours.

55. What are you looking ____________? Have you lost something?

56. We’re going to go ____________ with the meeting since everybody’s here.

57. He always looked ____________ to his father as being a noble, hardworking man.




58. Please take ____________ your shoes when you come in the house. You can put

____________ these slippers if you want.

59. That’s just an excuse that he made ____________.

60. I’m really tired because I was walking ____________ all day.




Respuestas

I. Une las dos partes de las frases.

1. d … 2. a … 3. e … 4. b … 5. c

6. d … 7. c … 8. b … 9. e … 10. a

11. e … 12. c … 13. a … 14. d … 15. b

16. c … 17. b … 18. a … 19. e … 20. d

II. ¿Cual es la preposición?

1. up … 2. out … 3. abroad … 4. for … 5. out

6. over … 7. up … 8. of … 9. back … 10. up

11. for … 12. away / off … 13. forward … 14. back … 15. off … up

16. up … 17. up … 18. up … 19. on … 20. down

21. up … 22. on … 23. on / along … on / along … 24. in / out … 25. in

26. around … 27. into … 28. out … 29. out … 30. in … down

31. around … 32. on / in … 33. around … 34. out … 35. up

36. up … 37. down … 38. up … off … 39. out … 40. off

41. abroad … 42. out … 43. out … 44. around … 45. off

46. up … 47. up … 48. off / on … 49. out / away … 50. back

51. in(to) … off / away … 52. out … 53. after … 54. down … back … 55. for

56. on … 57. up … 58. off … on … 59. up … 60. around




Acerca del Autor

Soy Daniel Welsch y soy autor de varios libros que han ayudado a miles de personas aaprender el inglés.

Me mudé a España hace 10 años y desde entonces vivo en la hermosa ciudad de Madrid.

He enseñado inglés a personas de todo tipo en escuelas, empresas y organizacionesinternacionales.

Mi libro “6 Claves para Aprender Inglés” ha ayudado a muchas personas a mejorar sunivel—ha recibido decenas y decenas de reseñas “5 estrellas” en Amazon y es un topventas en muchos países de habla hispana. Explica lo que hacen los estudiantes másexitosos para llegar a ser bilingües.

“Inglés Básico” explica lo que necesitas para empezar (empezando del cero absoluto).Vocabulario, lectura, y la gramática básica que debes conocer para empezar a hablar.

Últimamente, he publicado “Inglés para el Éxito: Cómo prepararse para una entrevista yconseguir el trabajo” que es una guía para aquellas personas que tienen que hacer unaentrevista en inglés.

Y “La Guía Definitiva de los Condicionales” que explica todo lo que necesitas saber de loscondicionales—que yo sepa no existe un libro más completo sobre el tema.

Mis webs, aprendemasingles.com y madridingles.es han ayudado a casi dos millones depersonas a aprender el inglés, y además de forma gratuita. Ahí encontrarás muchosartículos, videos, y listas de vocabulario para estudiar.

Y un porcentaje de todo lo que gano de la venta de mis libros va a apoyar obras solidariasen España y América Latina.

Si quieres mucho más, estoy también en youtube.com/mrdanielwelsch con videos sobre lapronunciación, el vocabulario, las expresiones comunes y más. Contesto a preguntas delectores de todo el mundo ahí también.

No dudes en contactarme a través de mi web: aprendemasingles.com/contactar.

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15. La Guía de los Phrasal Verbs Ebook

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