3 Aspectos Hortícolas en Acuaponia

8/21/2019 3 Aspectos Hortcolas en Acuaponia

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NOTA IMPORTANTE

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Por favor, respete los derechos de propiedad intelectual, cite apropiadamente:AUTOR(ES), conferencia, 4 Foro Internacional de Acuicultura. Mxico, 2008.

Ejemplo:

Carlos Rosas, Claudia Caamal, Richard Mena y Cristina Pascual. Mitos y realidades del cultivo del pulpo Octopusmaya(Voss y Solis).4 Foro Internacional de Acuicultura. Mxico, 2008.


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HORTICULTURAL

ASPECTS OF

AQUAPONICS


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Michael A Nichols

Massey UniversityNew Zealand


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Sponsored by


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THE CHALLENGE

90 % of the worlds water is inthe oceans and is totallyunsuitable for crop production.

8% of the planets remainingwater is in the polar icecaps.


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Fresh water2.5%

Salt water

97.5%


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The remaining 2 % of the

earths water resources is what is

used to sustain life.


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Industry 22%

Domestic 8%

Agriculture

70%


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When we prioritise water usethe order is:

People,

Industry,

and last (but not least)Agriculture.


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WHY

CONSIDER

AQUACULTURE?


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All land based systems have

two major problems, namelythe limited fresh water supply

and (even more critical) thedisposal of the nutrient rich

waste products from the fish.


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AQUACULTURE TENDS NOT TO

RECYLE WATER.

EG A TROUT FARM IN UK


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WHAT IS HYDROPONICS?


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The solution is

AQUAPONICS

The combination of

aquaculture (fish farming)

with hydroponics (horticulture).


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This could have majorimplications for urban and

peri-urban agriculture indeveloping countries, by

providing a source of animalprotein (fish) but also a

supply of vegetables in awater efficient system.


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THANK YOUFOR YOUR

ATTENTION


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THANK YOUFOR YOUR

ATTENTION


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In aquaponics the waste from thefish provides the plants with

their nutrients, and the purifiedwater is then returned to the fishtanks.


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It is important to balance the fish

numbers with the plant numbers.


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PROBLEM:

PRODUCERS USING

AQUAPONICSTEND TO ENTER THE INDUSTRY

VIA AQUACULTURE


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THEY CONSIDER THAT THE

FISH COMPONENT IS THE

SKILLED PART, AND THAT THEHORTICULTURE IS RELATIVELY

STRAIGHT FORWARD.


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YETTHE BULK OF THE INCOME

COMES FROM THE

HORTICULTURE


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Tilapia/Lettuce EnterpriseBudgetValue Percent of total

(US$) (%)Receipts

Tilapia 165,375 49.5

Lettuce 168,480 50.5

Total 333,855

Costs

Tilapia 98,824 65.2

Lettuce 51,783 34.8Total 150,605

Returns 185,248


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Tilapia/Basil Enterprise BudgetValue Percent of total

(US$) (%)Receipts

Tilapia 165,375 19.7

Basil 675,000 80.3

Total 840,375

Costs

Tilapia 96,824 66.0

Basil 49,824 34.0Total 146,648

Returns 693,727


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HYDROPONICS

A form of intensive agriculture

Plants are grown without soil

Usually used only for high valuegreenhouse crops.


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HYDROPONICS

Two main hydroponic systems:

1) open (water to waste)

2) closed (recirculating).


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HYDROPONICS

Two main types of hydroponics:

1) water culture

2) substrate culture


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WATER CULTURE SYSTEMS

1) Deep flow system

2) Nutrient Film Technique

3) Aeroponics


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DEEP FLOW SYSTEMS

Tend to be the predominantsystem used with

aquaponics.


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DEEP FLOW SYSTEMS

The only system where it is NOT

necessary to filter the solution

100% free from all particulatematter


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Suitable for leafy vegetables

(salads/basil), but not reallyuitable (logistically) for the major

greenhouse vegetable crops

tomatoes, cucumbers, sweetpeppers.


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There is a need, however, to

provide adequate aeration for the

roots, by incorporatingairstones

into the system.


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THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION.


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THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION.


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NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE(NFT)

A common system used forlettuce.


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AEROPONICS

A system used in the tropics

(where root cooling may bedesirable) and also for specific

crops (eg seed potatoes).


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The problem with these 3systems is to provide the plant

roots with an adequate oxygensupply.


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SUBSTRATE CULTURE

SYSTEMS


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SOLID MEDIA SYSTEMS

Natural Gravel/sand substrates

Manufactured substrates

Natural organic substrates


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NATURAL GRAVEL/SAND


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These have been replaced inrecent years with lighter more

easily handled substrates.


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MANUFACTURED SUBSTRATES


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ROCK WOOL.


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Manufactured by melting graniteat high temperature and spinningit into a standardised candy

floss-like slab with over 90% ofair space!!!


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Disadvantages:Cost

Disposal


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Bark

Sawdust

PeatCoir

NATURAL ORGANIC SUBSTRATES


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BARK

Need to add nitrogen

Potential for root diseases


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SAWDUST

Only certain sawdust sourcesare suitable

Nitrogen required to preventplant nutrition deficiencies

Danger from consolidation

(poor aeration)


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PEAT

Probably the standard

Environmental concern about

decreasing peat bogs


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COIR

The new boy on the street

Excellent water and aerationcharacteristics

Normally a waste productEasy disposal (mulch) after use.


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HOWEVER GOOD

HYDROPONIC CROPS

REQUIRE CONTROL OF

NUTRIENT LEVELS


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Conductivity 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0

Brix 4.7 5.8 6.1 6.1

Yield/pl (kg) .63 .50 .39 .30


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IN THE WINTER MONTHS IT IS

NORMAL TO USE A HIGHER

CONDUCTIVITY SOLUTION

THAN IN THE SUMMER

MONTHS


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IN ORDER TO ENSURE

GOOD FRUIT QUALITY.


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IF THE FISH TANK SOLUTION

HAS TOO LOW A

CONDUCTIVITY


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IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO

INCREASE THE

CONDUCTIVITY IN THE

SOLUTION


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THIS WILL BE VERY

DIFFICULT TO ACHIEVE WITH

A LIQUID SYSTEM


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BUT COULD BE ACHIEVED BY

USING REVERSE OSMOSIS

TO CONCENTRATE THE

NUTRIENT SOLUTION


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THUS CLEAN WATER COULD

BE RETURNED TO THE FISH,

AND THE NUTRIENT RICHSOLUTION USED FOR THE

PLANTS


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BUT MIGHT ALSO BEACHIEVED BY

REDUCING THE IRRIGATION

FREQUENCY WHEN USING A

SOLID MEDIA


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THIS WOULD ENTAIL THE

MONITORING OF THEDRAINAGE SOLUTION


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IN NETHERLANDS

TOMATOES AND FISH ARE

BEING PRODUCEDSUCCESFULLY IN THE SAME

GREENHOUSE


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IS AQUAPONICS AN

ORGANIC

SOLUTION?


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There is the potential tosell the crops as certified

organic, (provided that nounacceptable pesticides

have been applied) as it isproduced entirely from

natural manure (fishwaste).


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However in some countriesorganic certification is notpermitted for hydroponic

crops.


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It is difficult to see any logicin such a philosophy as not

only are the plants onlyusing organically derived

nutrients, but theaquaponics is far more

sustainable than any soilbased organic system.


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In New Zealand it ispossible to produce

organically certified salmon

provided that the salmon

are fed with organicallycertified feed.


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We find this decision totally

nonsensical.The organic certification

authorities have not askedthe question of what is soil?


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An aquaponic system

comprises all of these apartfrom solid particles, and

these could be easily addedto the system!!!


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There is clearly a need for theorganic people to

reconsider


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I WOULD LIKE TO RAISEANOTHER CONTENTIOUS

ISSUE.


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PRECISELY THE SAME

ARGUMENTS APPLY TOSEA BASED

AQUACULTURE TO LANDBASED AQUACULTURE


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THE EXCEPTION MAY BEWITH THE FILTER

FEEDERS SUCH ASOYSTERS

SALMON CAGES CERTAINLY


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SALMON CAGES CERTAINLYPOLLUTE THE OCEAN,

AND WE MAYEVENTUALLY NEED TO

DEVELOP METHODOLGYTO RECYCLE THEIR

WASTE PRODUCTS


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PERHAPS SOME FORM OFSEA BASED AQUAPONICS

PRODUCING ALGAE ORSEA WEED?


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OR PERHAPS IN THEFUTURE ALL OF OUR FISH

WILL BE PRODUCED INTANKS ON LAND


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THERE IS A SCHOOL OF

THOUGHT THAT BELIEVESTHAT THE OCEANS

SHOULD NOT BE FISHED,BUT SIMPLY BE USED AS A

SOURCE OF BIODIVERSITY


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THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION.


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THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION.

3 Aspectos Hortícolas en Acuaponia

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