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N `j nykj ed `n} }gktgdhud} pkghn} vnbj} n cn"mdy th pd~tdj ydmjyygej cg}uygmj pjy `j} nmjhud"mgbgdhuj} b} yd`dvnhud} dh d}un ydn< }d fdmcnhdhuyd >3;4 w >7;4( Ujej mjbdhq mjh ej} gbpjy"unhud} mjhuyjvdy}gn}1 `n pygbdyn mjhmdyhgdhud n`n bjyfj`jkn hdtyjhn` }g `n} hdtyjhn} }jh dhug"ened} md`t`nyd} eg}mydun} d ghedpdhegdhud} j fjy"bnh pnyud ed th kynh }ghmgugj< w `n }dkthen }g `nuynh}bg}gh }ghpugmn d} ed hnutyn`dqn d`muygmn j~tbgmn(

N fghn`d} ed` }gk`j SGS @tgkg Kn`vnhg ed}mtiyg`n d`dmuygmgene nhgbn` #>;7>' mjbj `n edfghgVj`un dh >;79 @n dsg}udhmgn ed thn d`dmuygmgenenhgbn` ydn` d ghcdydhud( Dbg` et Ijg}"Ydwbjhe~tgdh ed}mtiyg d` pjudhmgn` ed ydpj}j dh >3;;nhn`gq dh pyjfthegene `n pj}gig`gene ed ~td `nuynh}bg}gh hdtyjbt}mt`ny ftdyn ed hnutyn`d"qn d`muygmn( Mjhm`tw ~td }g d` f`taj ed mjyygdhudftdyn `n yd}pjh}ni`d ed `n uynh}bg}gh }ghpugmnedidyn nmugvny unbigh mgdyun} fgiyn} bt}mt`nyd}nhdsn} n `n} egydmunbdhud ghdyvnen}( N pnyugy edd}un w juyn} mjh}gedynmgjhd} pyjpt}j ~td `n uynh}"

bg}gh }ghpugmn pjeyn udhdy hnutyn`dqn ~tbgmn1thn }dmydmgh d}ugbt`nejyn dh fjybn ed nbjhgjmgej `mugmj j n`kthn juyn }t}unhmgn pjedyj}n"bdhud d}ugbt`nhud j d` fdhbdhj d} ed hnutyn"`dqn d`muygmn(

@n udjyn ydugmt`ny gbpdynhud fydhudn` dbptad ed `n udjyn hdtyjhn`

N fghn` ed` }gk`j SGS b} ed 5? nj} ed}pt}ed ~td ]mc`dghedh w ]mc{nhh #>3=7' fjybt`n"

ynh `n udjyn md`t`ny `n} m`t`n} }jh `n thgene d}"uytmutyn` w fthmgjhn` ed `j} udagej} w yknhj}" `j}hdtyjnhnujbg}un} ujenvn }d mtd}ugjhninh }g d}unudjyn dyn np`gmni`d n` }g}udbn hdyvgj}j( N} `j}

ydugmt`nyg}un} dh mjhuyn ed `j} edfdh}jyd} ed `nudjyn md`t`ny j hdtyjhn` n fnvjy ed `n hdtyjhnmjbj thgene ghedpdhegdhud mjh `bgud} edfghgej}pjy bdbiynhn vdnh `n} pyj`jhknmgjhd} edhey"ugmn} w nsjhn`d} mjbj thn mjhughtgene ed `n} edjuyn} m`t`n} pthuj ed vg}un jygkghnej n pnyugy ed`n} ji}dyvnmgjhd} ed Kdy`nmc dh >3;9 ~tgdh gh"udypydu `n} yded} ed fgiyn} mjbj nhn}ujbj}g} edpyj`jhknmgjhd} hdtyjhn`d}"( D}ud mnput`j bjyfj"`kgmj hj }dyn edfghgugvnbdhud nm`nynej cn}un `n

np`gmnmgh ed `n bgmyj}mjpn d`dmuyhgmn n `j} ud"agej} hdtyjhn`d} n bdegnej} ed` }gk`j SS( Dh nt"}dhmgn ed d}n} pytdin} egydmun} [g`cd`b Cg} vnhKdctmcudh [n`edwdy Yduqgt} w d}pdmgn`bdhud]nhugnkj Ynbh w Mnan` ftdyjh mnpnmd} ed ji"udhdy egfdydhud} dvgedhmgn} n fnvjy ed `n ejmuyghnhdtyjhn` ~td fjybt` [n`edwdy dh >37> "`n} hdt"yjhn} }jh ed}ed th pthuj ed vg}un d}uytmutyn`fthmgjhn` ed}nyyj``j w pnuj`jkn dhugened} ghed"pdhegdhud}"( [n`edwdy p`n}b d}un udjyn }jiyd`n} pytdin} jiadugvn} edbj}uynen} pjy Cg} L"``gldy Yduqgt} vnh Kdctmcudh w Mnan` nmtnh"ej d` uybghj hdtyjhn( @j} d}utegj} ed Cg} w Fjyj

dvgedhmgnyjh `n ghegvgetn`gene ed `n} hdtyjhn}(Kteedh dh >3;? ji}dyv ~td mtnhej th hdyvgj}d mjyun `n nuyjfgn hdtyjhn` yd}t`unhud d}u yd}"uyghkgen w hj }d dsugdhed d ghvj`tmyn n hdtyjhn}vdmghn} mjbj }dyn ed d}pdyny }g n} m`t`n} ftdynhf}gmnbdhud mjhughtn}(

Mnan` ~td ghgmg }t} d}utegj} mjbp`dunbdh"ud gkhjynhud ed `n} mjhuygitmgjhd} pydvgn} ed Cg}w Fjyd` tug`gq d` bujej ed}myguj pjy Kj`kg dh>3;=( D}ud bujej in}nej dh `n gbpydkhnmghmjh }n`d} ed myjbj bnymnin }`j d` >$ ed `n} m"

`t`n} dh `n ydkgh ed ghudy} pj}gig`gunhej d` d}ut"egj bjyfj`kgmj ed md`t`n} hdyvgj}n} ghegvgetn`d}ng}`nen} ed }t} vdmghn}( Nedb} `n} m`t`n} bny"mnen} }d gbpydkhninh dh }t ujun`gene ptegdh"

Nyucty VnhKdctmcudh

Cdghygmc [(K([n`edwdy

@n hnutyn`dqn ~tbgmn ed `n uynh}bg}gh}ghpugmn, th `nykj mnbghj cnmgn d`hdtyjuynh}bg}jy

Ey( Ad}} Bgktd` Cdyhhedq Ktgaj

N `j `nykj ed `n cg}ujygn mgdhufmn, w b} mjhmydunbdhud dh d` ydn igj}nhgunygn, thjed `j} mnput`j} bn} ``nbnugvj} w nuynmugvj} cn }gej d` pyjkyd}gvj d}m`nydmgbgdhuj ed`j} pyjmd}j} ~td bdegnh `n uynh}bg}gh }ghpugmn w ~td ``dv n` ed}mtiygbgdhuj ed `j}hdtyjuynh}bg}jyd}(

[g`cd`b Cg}

Mjjyeghnej pjy Ey( Ad}}

Bgktd` Cdyhhedq Ktgaj

Gh}ugutuj Udf`j Cdyhnhej(Epuj( ed Fnybnmj`jkn wUdynptugmn( Fnmt`une ed

Bdegmghn( Thgvdy}geneNtuhjbn ed Bneyge(Nv( Nyqjig}pj Bjymg``j 5(93?97 Bneyge(ad}t}bgktd`(cdyhnhedqOtnb(d}

NmutN`geNedhFNybNmj`jkNwudyNptugmN" 4? " p vj`tbdh6h>pbnyqj 9??3

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ej n} vg}tn`gqny}d d` mtdypj md`t`ny nsjhd} wpyjwdmmgjhd} edheyugmn}( Mjh d}un bdujej`jknmjhm`tw dh >333 ~td `n udybghnmgh nsjhn` ed`n} hdtyjhn} fghn`gqn `giydbdhud }jiyd `n }tpdy"fgmgd ed juyn} m`t`n} w ~td d` }gugj ed ghudynmmghmjh `n m`t`n egnhn hj d} mjhughtj hg pnyud edthn yde egft}n( Dh }t bjhjkynfn Hdtyjhg}bjj ydugmt`nyg}bj: pti`gmnen ed}pt} ed }t btdyudMnan` yd}tbd th dsudh}j mtdypj ed dvgedhmgn}ed}mygpugvn} w dspdygbdhun`d} nmtbt`nen} n `j`nykj ed `j} nj} dh fnvjy ed `n udjyn hdtyjhn`(Cn}un >333 Mnan` pti`gmnin }t} d}utegj} dh d}"pnj` dh ydvg}un} ed mgymt`nmgh btw `gbgunen wntujfghnhmgnen} `j ~td egfgmt`unin dhjybdbdh"ud `n egft}gh w d` mjhjmgbgdhuj ed }t} yd}t`unej}pjy `n mjbthgene mgdhufgmn( _dyj dh >337 n}g}ugn` mjhkyd}j ed `n ]jmgdene Nhnubgmn N`dbnhndh Idy`h w nuynaj `n nudhmgh ed L``gldy `edy

ed `j} nhnubgmj} dtyjpdj}" ~tgdh `d nhgb nuynetmgy }t} uyninaj} n` fynhm} w n` n`dbh( L"``gldy dyn thj} ed `j} edfdh}jyd} ed `n udjyn ydug"mt`nyg}un n mtn` ninhejh pnyn niynqny n udjynhdtyjhn` mjbj egaj Mnan`1 mjh `n f`dsgig`gene edth cjbiyd ajvdh nenpuhej}d n` htdvj mjhmdpujed mjhunmuj d ghedpdhedhmgn bjyfj`kgmn dh `n}hdtyjhn}( Mnan` ydd}uni`dmg d` pyghmgpgj ed pj"`nygqnmgh eghbgmn ghgmgn`bdhud nyugmt`nej pjyvnh Kdctmcudh pjy d` mtn` `n }dn` dh thn hdt"yjhn f`twd dh thn egydmmgh hgmn w pydedmgi`ded}ed `n} edheygun} n` mtdypj md`t`ny n` nsh w

ed d}ud n `n udybghn` pyd}ghpugmn ejhed mjhunmunmjh juyn} hdtyjhn} j m`t`n} dfdmujyn}( Unbighfjybt` d` pyghmgpgj ed mjhdmugvgene d}pdmfgmnpjy d` mtn` `n} hdtyjhn} hj mjhdmunh gheg}myg"bghnenbdhud mjh juyn} }`j mjh mgdyun} egnhn}pj}u}ghpugmn}( Mcny`d} ]cdyyghkujh ~tgdh nmt" d` uybghj }ghp}g} dh >37; pdy}tneg n n Yj"wn` ]jmgduw pnyn ghvguny n Mnan` n gbpnyugy `n Myj"jhgnh @dmutyd dh >375 enhej n} d` d}pn`enynqjedfghgugvj n `n ydptunmgh ed Mnan` ~tgdh pj}ud"ygjybdhud n pnyugy ed `n pti`gmnmgh ed }tCg}uj"`jkgd et ]w}ubd Hdyvdts ed `Cjbbd du ed} Vdy"iy} #>7?7 >7>>' }dy mjh}gedynej mjbj thj ed

`j} pg`nyd} fthenbdhun`d} ed `n hdtyjmgdhmgn(

]cdyyghkujh d}uteg `j} ydf`daj} d}pghn`d} ed"bj}uy d` f`taj thgegydmmgjhn` ed `n ghfjybnmghn uynv} ed nfdydhmgn} n `n bjujhdtyjhn d}pg"hn` ~td ghudkyn w uynh}bgud n` b}mt`j( _j}ut"` `n dsg}udhmgn ed `j ~td cjw mjhjmdbj} mjbjyduyn}j }ghpugmj( Nfgyb ~td `n ghudynmmgh dh"uyd `n} dhuynen} ed ghfjybnmgh w `n bjujhdt"yjhn ptded ghvj`tmyny btmcn} }ghnp}g}< mdhuyn} `n gedn ~td mnen fgiyn nfdydhud }`j mnt}n thpd~tdj dfdmuj }jiyd `n bjujhdtyjhn w ~td }d

pydmg}n `n }tbnmgh unhuj d}pnmgn` mjbj udb"pjyn` ed btmcn} nfdydhmgn} pnyn mnt}ny `n ed}"mnykn ed `n bjujhdtyjhn( _dyj ]cdyghkujh cgqjth ed}mtiygbgdhuj fthenbdhun`< ji}dyv ~td

hj ujen} `n} }ghnp}g} }jh dsmgunejyn} unbighcnw }ghnp}g} ghcgigejyn} n`kj btw ed}unmni`d }gmjh}gedynbj} ~td hg Mnan` hg }t} mjhudbpjy"hdj} mjh}gedynyjh d}un pj}gig`gene( ]cdyyghkujhpj}ut` d` pyghmgpgj ed ghdyvnmgh ydmpyjmn pjyd` mtn` d` ydf`daj ed dsmgunmgh ed bjujhdtyjhn}~td nmugvnh th kytpj ed b}mt`j} d}u }gdbpydnmjbpnnej pjy `n ghcgigmgh ed `n} bjujhdt"yjhn} ~td ghdyvnh d` kytpj ed b}mt`j} nhun"kjhg}un} #>7?3'( N`kthj} mgdhufgmj} pydmdedhud}wn cninh mjh}gedynyjh d}ud bdmnhg}bj fg}gj`"kgmj #Mcny`d} Id`` dh >3=5 d} }t} d}utegj} }jiydmjhuynmmgh w yd`nanmgh bt}mt`ny< [didy d}ut"egnhej d` hdyvgj vnkj dh >354< w Fygdeygmc Kj`uqdh mtwj `nijynujygj ed D}uyn}itykj ]cdyyghkujhghgmg }t} d}utegj }jiyd d` }g}udbn hdyvgj}j" dh>3;5 dh d}utegj} mjh pdyyj} d}pghn`d}( _dyj ftd]cdyyghkujh ~tgdh vgj `n ghedpdhedhmgn fg}gj`"

kgmn ed d}ud pyjmd}j w nedb} `j pt}j dh d` mjh"udsuj ed `n uynh}bg}gh }ghpugmn w `n nmmgh gh"udkynejyn ed `j} ydf`daj}(

D` mjhmdpuj ed ydmdpujypj}u}ghpugmj ujbn mtdypj

N `n pny ~td ]cdyyghkujh ed}nyyj``nin }t} uyn"inaj} dh Mnbiygekd A( Hd{pjyu @nhk`dw dh }t}d}utegj} mjh knhk`gj ntuhjbj pdygfygmj jiut"vj `n pygbdyn dvgedhmgn mjhm`twdhud n fnvjy ed

`n hnutyn`dqn ~tbgmn ed `n uynh}bg}gh }ghp"ugmn( @nhk`dw ydmgig thn btd}uyn ed th n`mn`jg"ed dsuynej ed `n} cjan} ed thn p`nhun nt}uyn`gn"hn< ji}dyv ~td `n nmmgh ed d}ud n`mn`jged dyngehugmn n `n ed `n hgmjughn n` np`gmny`j n` knhk`gjmdyvgmn` }tpdygjy ed knuj} nhd}ud}gnej} mnt}n"in yduynmmgh ed `n bdbiynhn hgmugunhud eg`n"unmgh ed `n ptpg`n w pg`jdydmmgh( Ghgmgn`bdhud@nhk`dw nmdpu ~td d` dfdmuj ed hgmjughn mtyn"yd w nuyjpghn dyn }jiyd `n mjhetmmgh hdyvgj}n w~td d` nsh pydknhk`gjhny w `n m`t`n knhk`gjhnydynh mjhughtj}( _dyj mnbig }t bjej ed pdh}nymtnhej ed}mtiyg ~td `n np`gmnmgh ed hgmjughn

}jiyd d` knhk`gj pyjetmn `j} bg}bj} dfdmuj} ~tdthn iydvd d}ugbt`nmgh ed `n} fgiyn} pydknhk`gj"hnyd} ghm`t}j mtnhej d` knhk`gj cnin }gej mjb"p`dunbdhud edhdyvnej pjy `j ~td `n nmmgh ed`n hgmjughn edin }dy egydmun }jiyd `n m`t`n knh"k`gjhny( N d}un bg}bn mjhm`t}gh ``dk dh >7?4mtnhej }dmmgjh d` hdyvgj ed `j} b}mt`j} ed `npnun ed` pj``j w `n ghwdmmgh ed hgmjughn mnt}mjhuynmmgh bt}mt`ny ~td n }t vdq ftd i`j~tdn"en pjy mtynyd( Unbigh ji}dyv ~td hg `n hgmjug"hn hg d` mtynyd pydvgdhdh `n mjhuynmmgh dvjmnenpjy `n d}ugbt`nmgh d`muygmn egydmun ed` b}mt`j

pjy `j ~td d` dfdmuj ed un`d} }t}unhmgn} }d edindadymdy }jiyd thn }t}unhmgn ydmdpujyn w d` gb"pt`}j hdyvgj}j hj pn}nyn ed` hdyvgj n` b}mt`jmjbj thn ed}mnykn d`muygmn }ghj n pnyugy ed `n

Bnkht} Kt}unfYduqgt}

]nhugnkjYnbh w Mnan`

Ytej`pc N`idyuvjh L``gldy

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}dmydmgh ed thn }t}unhmgn d}pdmgn` n` fghn` ed`hdyvgj nfgyb @nhk`dw dh >7?6( Cnin hnmgej `nudjyn ed `j} ydmdpujyd}( Ed}mtiyg dh >7?; ~tdth b}mt`j ghdyvnej pyjetmd mjhuynmmgh }`jmtnhej }d np`gmn hgmjughn egydmunbdhud n `n yd"kgh mdymnhn n `n udybghnmgh hdyvgj}n "dvgedh"mgn ed `n `jmn`gqnmgh ed `j} ydmdpujyd} hgmjughgmj}pnyn nmdug`mj`ghn" w mbj ed}pt} ed vnygj} en}uyn} `n edhdyvnmgh d}un }dh}gig`gene ydmdpujygn`}d cnin dsudhegej n `j `nykj ed ujen `n bdbiyn"hn bt}mt`ny "dh nt}dhmgn ed ghdyvnmgh }d pyj"etmd thn eg}uygitmgh cjbjkhdn ed` ydmdpujyhgmjuhgmj pjy ujen `n }tpdyfgmgd md`t`ny"(

_ydvgnbdhud n `j} d}utegj} ed @nhk`dw dh >374J`gvdy w ]mcffdy ed}mygigdyjh mbj thn ghwdm"mgh ghuynvdhj}n ed th dsuynmuj ed k`gmdyj` ed`n k`het`n neydhn` pyjetmn th bnymnej ghmyd"

bdhuj ed `n pyd}gh nyudygn`( N` bg}bj ugdbpj]qwbjhj{gmq cgqj d}un ji}dyvnmgh pdyj dh"mjhuy ~td }g }d mjyunin d` hdyvgj vnkj d}d ds"uynmuj ed `n bet`n neydhn` unbigh pyjetmnth bnymnej ghmydbdhuj ed `n fydmtdhmgn mnyen"mn( Ed}pt} ed` ng}`nbgdhuj w ptygfgmnmgh ed `nneydhn`ghn w `n gedhugfgmnmgh ed }t d}uytmutyn~tbgmn pjy d` anpjh} Ajlgmcg Unlnbghd th d}"utegnhud ed @nhk`dw U( Y( D``gjuu dsnbgh }t}dfdmuj} }jiyd udagej} pdygfygmj} ghdyvnej} pjy d`}g}udbn hdyvgj}j }gbpugmj( Edbj}uy ~td `j}dfdmuj} ed `n neydhn`ghn dynh btw }gbg`nyd} n `j}

ji}dyvnej} pjy `n d}ugbt`nmgh ed fgiyn} pj}u"k`nk`gjhnyd} w ~td `n edkdhdynmgh ed `n} fgiyn}}gbpugmn} hj udhn dfdmuj} }jiyd `n nmmgh ed `nneydhn`ghn pjy `j ~td mjhm`tw dh >7?5 ~td d`gbpt`}j dh `j} hdyvgj} }gbpugmj} mjhetmd n `n`gidynmgh ed thn pd~tdn mnhugene ed neydhn`g"hn j mjbptd}uj yd`nmgjhnej( En`d ~td ghuyjetajd` uybghj mj`ghykgmj nmt unbigh d` ed neyd"hykgmj pnyn ed}mygigy `n `gidynmgh dh hdtyjhn}pj}uknhk`gjhnyd} ed thn }t}unhmgn }gbg`ny n `nneydhn`ghn( @n neydhn`ghn }d ng}` ed dsuynmuj}ed bet`n neydhn` w `n }gbg`gute ed }t} dfdmuj}mjh `j} ed `n d}ugbt`nmgh ed hdyvgj} }gbpugmj}

pj}uknhk`gjhnyd} mjhetaj n `n dyyhdn myddhmgned ~td d` hdtyjuynh}bg}jy `gidynej pjy `n} udy"bghnmgjhd} }gbpugmn} dyn neydhn`ghn( Dh >7>?Inykdy w En`d wn egadyjh ~td `n nmmgh ed hjyn"eydhn`ghn }d npyjsgbnin b} n `n ed` hdyvgj }gb"pugmj ~td `n neydhn`ghn( @n gedn dh fnvjy ed `nneydhn`ghn pdy}g}ug cn}un >756 mtnhej T`f vjhDt`dy edbj}uy ~td hjyneydhn`ghn w hj neydhn"`ghn dyn d` pyghmgpn` mjbpjhdhud ng}`nej ed `j}hdyvgj} }gbpugmj} ed bnbfdyj}( Dh >76> Cdyu"ughk w Nsd`yje edbj}uynyjh ~td hjyneydhn`ghnbnymnen dyn mnpunen pjy `j} hdyvgj} }gbpugmj}

w `gidynin mtnhej dynh d}ugbt`nej}( _j}udygjy"bdhud dh >76; Iyj{h w Kg``d}pgd edbj}uynyjh`n `gidynmgh ed hjyneydhn`ghn dhekdhn uyn} `nd}ugbt`nmgh ed hdyvgj} }gbpugmj}(

D` pyjunkjhg}bj ed `n nmdug`mj`ghn

Gh}pgynej dh `j} d}utegj} ed D``gjuu [n`udy D(Egsjh mdhuy }t nudhmgh dh `n nmmgh ghcgigejyned` hdyvgj vnkj }jiyd d` mjynqh( Dsuynaj d` mjyn"qh ed th pdyyj bgdhuyn} dyn ghcgigej pjy `n d}"ugbt`nmgh ed` vnkj cgqj th dsuynmuj ed` udagejbgjmyegmj w `j np`gm }jiyd th mjynqh ed ynhn~td d}unin `nugdhej( Egsjh mjhm`tw ~td egmcjmjynqh dyn m`nynbdhud ghcgigej pjy n`kh fnm"ujy pyd}dhud dh d` dsuynmuj mjbptd}uj nmugvj ~tdhthmn ``dk n ptygfgmny( _j}ut` dh >7?6 ~td `nd}ugbt`nmgh pnyn}gbpugmn nmun n uynv} ed `n`gidynmgh ed thn }t}unhmgn mtwj dfdmuj gbgun n``n ed` n`mn`jged hnutyn` bt}mnyghn( Mtygj}nbdh"ud dh th mjhkyd}j ed `n Iygug}c Bdegmn` N}}jmgn"ugjh md`diynej dh Ujyjhuj dh >7?6 ejhed Egsjhdspt}j }t} ed}mtiygbgdhuj} Ydge Cthu ed}myg"

ig `j} d}utegj} ed}nyyj``nej} pnyn ng}`ny nkdhud}~td dh`dhudmdh d` mjynqh w eg}bghtwdh `n pyd"}gh }nhkthdn< bj}uy thn vdghudhn ed edygvn"ej} ed mj`ghn ~td udhnh d}uj} dfdmuj} ed `j} mtn"`d} d` b} pjudhud dyn `n nmdug`mj`ghn( Hg Egsjh hgCthu hg hghkthj ed `j} n}g}udhud} ftdyjh mnpn"md} ed vdy `n mjhdsgh dsg}udhud dhuyd nbij} ed}"mtiygbgdhuj}(

Juyj ed `j} d}utegnhud} ed @nhk`dw d hugbjnbgkj ed D``gjuu ftd Cdhyw En`d th d}utegj}jed `n} nbghn} }gbpnujbgbugmn} ng}`nen} pjy }t

mj`dkn Kdjykd Inyidy( En`d dvn`t }t} dfdmuj}}jiyd `n pyd}gh }nhkthdn w }jiyd vnygj} ykn"hj} w udagej}< gedhugfgm `n >"nbghjdug`mnudmj`pj}udygjybdhud mjhjmgen mjbj hjyneydhn`ghnmjbj th pjudhud nkdhud vn}jpyd}jy( Unbighghgmg thn }dygd ed d}utegj} }jiyd `j} n`mn`jged}ed` mjyhdqtd`j ed mdhudhj< w athuj mjh NyuctyD{gh} ng}`nyjh mjbpjhdhud} ed` bg}bj dhmjh"uynhej fynmmgjhd} ~td udhnh thn nmmgh }gbg`nyn `n bt}mnyghn w d}uninh n}jmgnen} mjh `n mj`g"hn< w }t} pyjpgdened} fg}gmj~tbgmn} }tkgygdyjhn En`d ~td pjeyn uynuny}d ed nmdug`mj`ghn #>7>5'(

Dh >79? w hj dh >79> mjbj ghgmgn`bdhud ftdfdmcnej Juuj @jd{g ed}mtiyg th pyghmgpgj nm"ugvj n` ~td edhjbgh vnkt}}ujff( @jd{g ed}"mygig n} `n cg}ujygn ed d}ud ed}mtiygbgdhuj1 ucdhgkcu idfjyd Dn}udy ]thenw jf ucnu wdny G n{jldutyhde jh ucd `gkcu nhe ajuude ej{h n fd{ hjud}jh n ughw }`gp jf pnpdy( Ucdh G fd`` n}`ddp nkngh< gujmmtyyde uj bd nu }gs jm`jml gh ucd bjyhghk ucnuetyghk ucd hgkcu G cne {yguudh ej{h }jbducghkbj}u gbpjyunhu itu G {n} thni`d uj edmgpcdy ucd}myn{`( Ucd hdsu hgkcu nu ucydd jm`jml ucd gednydutyhde( Gu {n} ucd ed}gkh jf nh dspdygbdhu uj

edudybghd {cducdy jy hju ucd cwpjucd}g} jf mcd"bgmn` uynh}bg}}gjh ucnu G cne tuudyde }dvdhuddhwdny} nkj {n} mjyydmu( G kju tp gbbdegnud`w {dhuuj ucd `nijynujyw nhe pdyfjybde n }gbp`d dspd"

Mcny`d}]cdyyghkujh

A( Hd{pjyu@nhk`dw

Mnbg``j Kj`kg

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ygbdhu jh n fyjk cdnyu nmmjyeghk uj ucd hjmuty"hn` ed}gkh( _j}udygjybdhud dh >74= egj b}edun``d} n` yd}pdmuj1 G {dhu uj ucd `nijynujyw nuucydd jm`jml gh ucd bjyhghk nhe nu fgvd jm`jmlucd mcdbgmn` uynh}bg}}gjh jf hdyvjt} gbpt`"}d {n} pyjvde( Dh ydn`gene @jd{g ydn`gq thn}dygd ed dspdygbdhuj} n `j `nykj ed vnygj} en}(D}uj} mjh}g}ugdyjh dh ng}`ny ej} mjynqjhd} ed yn"hn w pdyfthegy mnen thj mjh }j`tmgh fg}gj`kg"mn( Bdegnhud `n d}ugbt`nmgh ed` hdyvgj vnkj dhthj ed `j} mjynqjhd} }d pyjetaj `n ghcgigmgh edd}ud< d` f`tgej pyjmdedhud ed` bg}bj `j uynh}fgygn` }dkthej mjynqh ejhed ji}dyv thn nmt}neneg}bghtmgh ed `n ftdyqn ed mjhuynmmgh w `n fyd"mtdhmgn mnyegnmn( Cjw pjedbj} edmgy ~td @jd{gutvj `n fjyuthn ed }t `nej unhuj pjy `n d`dmmghed` bjed`j nhgbn` mjbj pjy d` pdygjej ed ed"}nyyj``j ed `j} dspdygbdhuj}( D` hdyvgj vnkj ed

`n ynhn mjhugdhd fgiyn} d}ugbt`nejyn} d ghcgigej"yn} pdyj dh ghvgdyhj pydejbghnh `n} ghcgigej"yn} w `j} dspdygbdhuj} ed @jd{g }d ydn`gqnyjhdh fdiydyj"bnyqj( Nedb} d` mjhudhgej dh mj"`ghd}udyn}n dh d` mjynqh ed `n ynhn d} btw inajmjbpnynej mjh d` ed `j} bnbfdyj} mjh `j ~tdd` hdtyjuynh}bg}jy `gidynej }d bnhudhn nmugvjetynhud b} ugdbpj fnvjydmgej unbigh pjy `n}inan} udbpdynutyn} ed` `nijynujygj( @jd{g at}ugfg"m }t} yd}t`unej} nyktbdhunhej ~td d` dfdmuj ed`n }t}unhmgn uynh}bg}jyn }d uynetmn dh thn }n`g"en ed pjun}gj mjbj pydvgnbdhud cninh }tkd"

ygej Cj{d`` w Etld dh >7?3( [g`cd`b Fd`eidyk}gdhej d}utegnhud ed bdegmghn dh Idy`h d}utvjuyninanhej etynhud }t} vnmnmgjhd} dh d` Gh}ugut"uj ed Fg}gj`jkn ed `n Thgvdy}gene w ~tde fn}"mghnej pjy d` `giyj ed @nhk`dw }jiyd d` }g}udbnhdyvgj}j ntuhjbj( ]t bdhujy ]mcg`f `d dhvg nuyninany n Mnbiygekd athuj n @nhk`dw pdyj d}udfn``dmg n `j} pjmj} bd}d}( Etynhud `j} }gktgdh"ud} ej} nj} dh Mnbiygekd d}uteg dh pyjftheg"ene `j} nyumt`j} ed @nhk`dw w dh >79; ydkyd}n Idy`h( _dyj mjbj nmjhudmg mjh juyj} kynhed}mgdhufgmj} etynhud `n ptykn aten dadymgen pjy `j}hnqg} pdyeg }t ptd}uj nmnebgmj( Nfjyuthnen"

bdhud ftd ghvgunej pjy En`d n uyninany dh d` Hn"ugjhn` Gh}ugutud fjy Bdegmn` Yd}dnymc dh @jheyd}ejhed ed}nyyj``nyjh nithenhud} d}utegj} }jiyd`n nmdug`mj`ghn( Dh >7== Fd`eidyk w Juuj Lynwdymjh mjhuyj`d} nedmtnej} edbj}uynyjh ~td `n d}"ugbt`nmgh ed` hdyvgj vnkj dh d` pdyyj `gidyninthn }t}unhmgn }gbg`ny n `n nmdug`mj`ghn w }d pjenpydvdhgy }t edkynenmgh pjy `n nmdug`mj`ghd}udyn"}n mjh d}dyghn( D}uj ftd }`j d` ghgmgj ed thn `nykn}dygd ed dspdygbdhuj} ~td ``dvnyjh n Fd`eidyk wLynwdy n ed}mygigy d` pnpd` ed n nmdug`mj`ghn mjbjhdtyjuynh}bg}jy(

En`d edhjbgh bt}mnyhgmn} n `n} nmmgjhd} ed`n nmdug`mj`ghn mnynmudygqnen} pjy th yduyn}j dhuyd`n d}ugbt`nmgh d`muygmn ed` hdyvgj w `n yd}ptd}"

un ed` yknhj ghdyvnej yd}ptd}un ~td dyn pdy"etyni`d w pdy}g}udhud w mjh th ydujyhj kynetn` n`n nmugvgene in}n` ed` bg}bj( En`d ed}mygig thn}dkthen m`n}d ed nmmgh mj`ghykgmn n `n ~td ed"hjbgh hgmjuhgmn ~td }d dvgedhmgnin hgmjuhgmndh pyd}dhmgn ed nuyjpghn( Ed}mygig d}un nmmghdh `n bet`n neydhn` `n} hdtyjhn} pydknhk`gj"hnyd} ed` }gbpugmj w pnyn}gbpugmj dh b}mt"`j d}~td`ugmj w dh `n} d`dmuyjp`nmn} ed` pdq d`m"uygmj( N egfdydhmgn ed `n nhudygjy d}un nmmgh dynbtw ypgen w d}un bg}bn ynpgedq hj `n cnmnmjhvghmdhud pnyn thn uynh}bg}gh }ghpugmn edhnutyn`dqn ~tbgmn(

D}un uynh}bg}gh hgmjuhgmn cnin }gej ghutg"en pydvgnbdhud pjy Idyhnye w juyj} mgdhufgmj}~tgdhd} bj}uynyjh mjbj d` mtynyd i`j~tdnin `nuynh}bg}gh hdtyjbt}mt`ny( Dh d}un `hdn thj

ed `j} pn}j} pyghmgpn`d} `j} egdyjh Fd`eidyk wBghuq dh >7== mtnhej dhmjhuynyjh ~td `n uynh}"bg}gh dh `n bet`n neydhn` dyn mj`ghykgmn< w n`}dy `n} m`t`n} myjbnfghd} ed `n bet`n neydhn`cjb`jkn} n hdtyjhn} }gbpugmn} w d}uny ghdy"vnen} pjy fgiyn} }gbpugmn} pydknhk`gjhnyd} pj}"ut`nyjh ~td `n} fgiyn} ~td cnmdh }ghnp}g} dh `j}knhk`gj} }gbpugmj} }dynh unbigh ed hnutyn`d"qn mj`ghykgmn< mjhfgybnej dh >7=5 pjy Fd`eidykw Kneetb dh knhk`gj mdyvgmn` }tpdygjy( Athuj nEn`d dh >7=5 Fd`eidyk edbj}uy ~td `n nmdug`mj"`ghn dyn d` bdegnejy ed `j} dfdmuj} ed` hdyvgj vn"

kj dh d` d}ubnkj( Dh >7=6 En`d Fd`eidyk w Vj"ku edbj}uynyjh ~td `n d}ugbt`nmgh ed `n} fgiyn}bjujyn} mjhetmn n `n `gidynmgh ed nmdug`mj`ghn(Dh >7=6 Iyj{h En`d w Fd`eidyk ftdyjh mnpnmd}ed gbguny `n nmugvgene bjujyn dh th b}mt`j mjh`n ghwdmmgh ed nmdug`mj`ghn dh `n nyudygn ~td gyyg"kn d` b}mt`j kn}uyjmhdbgj dh bjej }gbg`ny n`j ~td nmjhudmd ed}pt} ed `n d}ugbt`nmgh hdy"vgj}n( Dh >7=7 athuj n Fd}}nye Fd`eidyk dhmjh"uy ~td `j} hdyvgj} ~td ghdyvnh `n} d`dmuyjp`nmndh `n ynwn d`muygmn d` ujypdej `gidyninh nmdug`"mj`ghn< w `n np`gmnmgh egydmun ed d}un n` yknhjd`muygmj pyjetmd ed}mnykn} d`muygmn} pjudhmgn"

en} pjy `n d}dyghn(

@n gbp`gmgnmgh ed `j} bjvgbgdhuj}ghgmj} dh d` dfdmuj ed`hdtyjuynh}bg}jy

N d}un} n`utyn} pnyn `j} fnybnm`jkj} wn dynjivgj ~td `n uynh}bg}gh }ghpugmn dh d` }g}ud"bn hdyvgj}j pdygfygmj dyn ed hnutyn`dqn ~t"bgmn< d` }gktgdhud pn}j dyn pyjiny }g d}uj dynmgdyuj dh d` }g}udbn hdyvgj}j mdhuyn`( Btmcj}

fg}g`jkj} nh dynh d}mpugmj} w d}uninh n fnvjyed thn uynh}bg}gh d`muygmn }jiyd `n in}d ~td`n nmmgh hgmjuhgmn dyn edbn}gnej ypgen pnyn}dy th pyjmd}j ~tbgmj( Ajch Dmm`d} eg}mpt`j

Cdhyw En`d

U( Y( D``gju

[n`udy D(Egsjh

NmutN`geNedhFNybNmj`jkNwudyNptugmN " 4= "bNyqj 9??3p vj`tbdh6 h > p

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ed ]cdyyghkujh ft}gjh w mjbpnugig`gq nbij}mjhmdpuj} pj}ut`nhej ~td dh `n }ghnp}g} hgmju"hgmn dsg}ud thn dsmgunmgh ghgmgn` ypgen bdegnenpjy mjyygdhud d`muygmn pyjmdedhud ed n hdtyjhnpyd}ghpugmn ~td f`twd n `n m`t`n pj}u}ghpugmnw ~td d}u nmjbpnnen ed thn nmmgh yd}getn`pyj`jhknen bdegnen pjy `n nmdug`mj`ghn( _dyjthn }dygd ed nmjhudmgbgdhuj} ji`gknyjh n ydmjh"}gedyny d}un gedn mjbj ftd d` nh`g}g} mtnhugunug"vj ed `n mnhugene ed mjyygdhud ~td thn hdtyjhnpyd}ghpugmn pjeyn ghwdmuny dh `n m`t`n pj}u"}ghpugmn j d` ed}mtiygbgdhuj ed` pjudhmgn` edp`nmn #D__ dhep`nud pjudhugn ' ~td `tdkj }d cg"qj dsudh}gvj n juyn} btmcn} }ghnp}g}( Dh >7=3Kpfdyu w ]mcndfdy ed}mtiygdyjh ~td `n ``dknened th pjudhmgn` ed nmmgh n `n udybghn` pyd}g"hpugmn hj mjhetmn egydmunbdhud n n ghgmgnmghed th pjudhmgn` ed nmmgh dh `n fgiyn bt}mt`ny

pj}u}ghpugmn( N` gktn` ~td Dmm`d} w JMjhhjyji}dyvnyjh ~td d` pjudhmgn` ed nmmgh ed `n m"`t`n bt}mt`ny hj }tykd egydmunbdhud ed `n `hdned in}d }ghj ~td d}u pydmdegej pjy th pd~td"j w `dhuj pjudhmgn` uynh}gujygj( D} d` edhjbg"hnej pjudhmgn` ed p`nmn th pjudhmgn` d`dmuyj"uhgmj pyjetmgej pjy thn mjyygdhud }titbiyn`(Gktn`bdhud gbpjyunhud ftd d` ed}mtiygbgdhujpjy Ltff`dy ed` yduyn}j }ghpugmj "mjbj }tkgyg]cdyyghkujh" dhuyd d` pjudhmgn` ed nmmgh dh `nudybghnmgh w d` ghgmgj ed` pjudhmgn` ed p`nmn(Nbij} fdhbdhj} }d ed}mygigdyjh dh thn kynh

vnygdene ed }ghnp}g}(

Idyhnye Lnuq w N`nh Cjeklgh mjhm`twdyjh dh>757 ~td `n fn}d ed n}mdh}j ed` pjudhmgn` ed nm"mgh }d edin n th ghmydbdhuj ed `n pdybdnig"`gene n` Hn,< w pj}udygjybdhud dh >749 athuj nCts`dw w dbp`dnhej umhgmn} ed fganmgh ed vj`"unad nhn`gqnyjh `n} mjyygdhud} ed Hn, w L, etynh"ud d` pjudhmgn` ed nmmgh( Athuj n _nt` Fnuu ji"}dyvnyjh ~td d` pjudhmgn` ed p`nmn d} ed bnwjybnkhgute mtnhej d` d`dmuyjej ed ydkg}uyj }d pj"}gmgjhn mdymn ed `n thgh hdtyjbt}mt`ny w vgmd"vdy}n n bdegen ~td }d n`dan ed egmcj pthuj mjh"

m`twdhej ~td d}u kdhdynej pjy thn mjyygdhud eddhuynen mjhfghnen n `n p`nmn hdtyjbt}mt`ny ~td}d dsugdhed pn}gvnbdhud ed}ed d}un n `j `nykj ed`n fgiyn bt}mt`ny( _j}ut`nyjh `n dsg}udhmgn ed thfdhbdhj ed egft}gh dsuyn}ghpugmj ~td `gbgun`n thgh n` ydmdpujy n} mjbj `n pyd}dhmgn dh `nbdbiynhn in}n` ed nmdug`mj`ghd}udyn}n( ]tkgygd"yjh ~td `j} bdmnhg}bj} gbp`gmnej} dh d}uj} pj"udhmgn`d} }d edidh n `n mjhetmunhmgn hj }d`dmugvnpnyn Hn, L, w M`"( Ed}mtiygdyjh ~td d` vn`jy ed`pjudhmgn` ed bdbiynhn pj}u}ghpugmj edudybg"hn `n nbp`gute w d` }gkhj ed` pjudhmgn` ed p`nmn

`j ~td ghegmnin ~td `n ftdhud yd}pjh}ni`d pnyn `nmjyygdhud ed p`nmn edin ed d}uny `jmn`gqnen dh `nbdbiynhn pj}u}ghpugmn( Dh >76? N( Unldtmcgw H( Unldtmcg edbj}uynyjh ~td `n `gidynmgh ed

nmdug`mj`ghn dh n p`nmn hdtyjbt}mt`ny ghmydbdh"un `n pdybdnig`gene n Hn, w L, pdyj hj n M`"(

Dh `j} nj} 4? Dmm`d} w }t} mj`nijynejyd} ji"}dyvnyjh ~td `n} nmugvgene ghcgigejyn }jiyd `n}bjujhdtyjhn} mnt}nin thn cgpdypj`nygqnmgh dhd}un} }gh hghkh ugpj ed ed}pj`nygqnmgh n}jmgn"en mjbj }dyn ed d}pdyny dh mn}j ed uynh}bg}ghd`muygmn `j ~td `d} ``dv n ninhejhny }gh yd}dy"vn} `n uyn}bg}gh d`muygmn dh `n} }ghnp}g} ghcgig"ejyn}( Dh >74= Fnuu w Lnuq n}jmgnyjh d}un cgpdy"pj`nygqnmgh mjh th ghmydbdhuj ed mjhetmunhmgnn M`" w L,( ]d nmdpunin ~td `n nmdug`mj`ghn d} thhdtyjuynh}bg}jy dsmgunejy dh vnygn} ydkgjhd} ed`}g}udbn hdyvgj}j pdygfygmj w ugdhd nmmgh ghcgig"ejyn dh juyn} egnhn} mjbj d` mjynqh pdyj cninthn mjh}gedyni`d ydugmdhmgn n nmdpuny ~td ptegd"yn dadymdy mjbj hdtyjuynh}bg}jy n hgvd` mdhuyn`(

Fd`eidyk w }t} mj`nijynejyd} mjh thn nbp`gn }d"ygd ed dvgedhmgn} dspdygbdhun`d} n `j `nykj ed `nemnen ed `j} 4? mjhuygitwdyjh hjuni`dbdhud nnmniny mjh d}n yd}g}udhmgn( Athuj n Bnyucd Vjkued}mygig mjbj `n eg}uygitmgh ed `n nmdug`mj`g"hd}udyn}n d}u yd}uyghkgen n mgdyuj} hm`dj} mdyd"iyn`d} w n` n}un nhudygjy ed `n bet`n d}pghn`( Dhd}utegj} pj}udygjyd} edbj}uynyjh `n pyd}dhmgn edhdtyjhn} mj`ghykgmn} dh `j} hm`dj} in}n`d} ~td}tbghg}uynh `n} nfdydhmgn mj`ghykgmn} n `n mjyud"qn mdydiyn` w n` cgpjmnbpj `n `gidynmgh ed nmd"ug`mj`ghn dh egfdydhud ydkgjhd} ed` mdydiyj `n pyd"

}dhmgn ed ydmdpujyd} pnyn nmdug`mj`ghn dh `j} pth"uj} ed fghn`gqnmgh ed `n} fgiyn} mj`ghykgmn} w `n`gidynmgh ed nmdug`mj`ghn pjy d}ugbt`nmgh ~t"bgmn j d`muygmn dh yjenan} ed mdydiyj(

Dh >745 Fnuu w Lnuq dh d}utegj} ydn`gqnej} dh}ghnp}g} ed ghvdyudiynej} }jypydhedhudbdhud wmtnhej wn }d nfgnhq `n hnutyn`dqn ~tbgmn ed`n uynh}bg}gh }ghpugmn edbj}uynyjh `n dsg}udh"mgn ed `n uynh}bg}gh d`muygmn( Dh d}un }ghnp}g} `n`nudhmgn dyn dsuydbnenbdhud mjyun d ghm`t}j dhbtmcj} mn}j} `n mjyygdhud ptded f`tgy dh nbin}egydmmgjhd} }gh hghkh ugpj ed ydmugfgmnmgh( Idh"

hduu _nppn} w Hnlnagbn jiutvgdyjh thn} pytd"in} bjyfj`kgmn} n fnvjy ed d}un uynh}bg}gh `ndsg}udhmgn ed `j ~td pj}udygjybdhud }d edhjbghknp athmugjh} thgjhd} dh cdhegetyn(

Dh it}mn ed `j} bdmnhg}bj}yd}pjh}ni`d} ed `n `gidynmghed` hdtyjuynh}bg}jy

Thn vdq nmdpunen `n hnutyn`dqn ~tbgmn ed`n bnwjyn ed `n} }ghnp}g} w mjhjmgej} `j} bd"

mnhg}bj} ghgmj} ~td kdhdyninh `j} pjudhmgn"`d} pj}u}ghpugmj} dsmgunejyd} d ghcgigejyd} `nnudhmgh }d mdhuy dh `j} bdmnhg}bj} pjy `j}mtn`d} }d `gidynin d` hdtyjuynh}bg}jy( Fnuu w

Ajch Dmm`d}

Juuj @jd{g

[g`cd`bFd`eidyk

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Lnuq dh >74> ydkg}uynhej dh `n p`nmn hdtyjbt}"mt`ny ji}dyvnyjh `n dsg}udhmgn ed pd~tdj} pj"udhmgn`d} ed}pj`nygqnhud} d}pjhuhdj} dh nt"}dhmgn ed d}ugbt`nmgh pyd}ghpugmn( D}uj} pj"udhmgn`d} d}pjhuhdj} ydbdenh dh vdy}gh bg"hgnutyn `j} pjudhmgn`d} ed p`nmn #D__}' unhujdh }t mty}j udbpjyn` mjbj dh `n }dh}gig`gene nfybnmj}( Ed}mtiygdyjh ~td `n fydmtdhmgn ed `j}bD__} }d ghmydbdhun uyn} `n ed}pj`nygqnmghed `n udybghn` pyd}ghpugmn w ed}npnydmdh ed}"pt} ed mjyuny w edkdhdyny d` nsh pyd}ghpugmjw ~td `n d`gbghnmgh ed` Hn, dsuynmd`t`ny d`gbg"hnin unhuj d` D__ mjbj d` bD__(

Dh >745 ed` Mn}ug``j w Lnuq ji}dyvnyjh ~td `nydetmmgh ed` mn`mgj dsuynmd`t`ny }j`j eg}bghtwdd` unbnj ed `j} D__} }gh udhdy dfdmuj }jid d` un"bnj ed bD__} w ed}mtiygdyjh ~td d` D__ d} th

b`ugp`j ed bD__( N pnyugy ed d}un} ji}dyvnmgjhd}pj}ut`nyjh n cgpud}g} ~tnhun` "d` hdtyjuynh}bg"}jy n`bnmdhnej dh pn~tdud} }tibgmyj}mpgmj}edhuyj ed `n m`t`n d} `gidynej ed}ed `n udybghn"mgh nsjhn` dh pn~tdud} eg}myduj} n `j} ~td edhj"bghnyjh ~tnhun dh th bdmnhg}bj ujej j hnen"(N`bnmdhnej} dh `j ~td }dynh n} vd}mt n} }ghp"ugmn} ed}mtigdyun} n` bg}bj ugdbpj pjy _n`nw w_n`ned w ed Yjidyug} w Idhhduu dh >744( Ed` Mn}"ug``j Lnuq w Bg`deg mjh thn }dygd ed dvgedhmgn}dspdygbdhun`d} #>745">764' pj}ut`nyjh ~td `n}vd}mt`n} pjeynh nmtbt`ny `j} hdtyjuynh}bg}j"

yd} n btw n`un} mjhmdhuynmgjhd} w ~td }dynh `g"idynej} dh th pyjmd}j dsjmguugmj thn `gidynmghpyjinig`}ugmn dh `n mtn` `n bdbiynhn vd}gmt`ny}d ft}gjhn mjh `n pyd}ghpugmn w ed}mnykn }t mjh"udhgej dh `n cdhegetyn }ghpugmn< pyjmd}j d}pjh"uhdj ~td ptded pyjetmgy}d dh nt}dhmgn ujun` edpjudhmgn`d} ed nmmgh( Lnuq w Bg`deg dh >764 ji"}dyvnyjh ~td uyn} `n ed}pj`nygqnmgh ~td }gktd nth pjudhmgn` ed nmmgh dh `n udybghnmgh hdyvgj}n}d niydh mnhn`d} ed Mn9, w }d ghmydbdhun `n mjh"etmunhmgn n` bg}bj d` Mn9, dhuyn dh n udybghn` wmjh mgdyuj yduyn}j ed}ed `n ``dknen ed` pjudhmgn` ednmmgh }d pyjetmd `n `gidynmgh ed` hdtyjuynh}bg"

}jy( Yjej`fj @`gh} w }t} mj`nijynejyd} dh >7;9edbj}uynyjh ~td d}d yduyn}j dh `n `gidynmgh ed`hdtyjuynh}bg}jy }d edid n` ugdbpj ~td yd~tgdydh`j} mnhn`d} ed Mn9, pnyn niygy}d w d` Mn9, dhuyny weg}pnyny n }dmydmgh(

Mjh}gedynmgjhd} fhn`d}

N` bg}bj ugdbpj ~td }d ed}nyyj``ninh `j} d}"utegj} ed Lnuq w }t} mj`nijynejyd} ig`jkj} md"`t`nyd} w hdtyjnhnujbg}un} mjbj Kdjykd _n`nedw Ldguc _jyudy pt}gdyjh n pthuj `n bgmyj}mjpn

d`dmuyhgmn ed}nyyj``nen dh N`dbnhgn etynhud`j} nj} =?" np`gmnen n udagej} hdtyjhn`d}( D}ujpdybgug `n pygbdyn vg}tn`gqnmgh ed `n eg}mjhug"htgene d}uytmutyn` ed` mjbpjhdhud pyd" w pj}u}g"

hpugmj ed `n }ghnp}g} `j ~td }tpt}j `n dvgedhmgnfghn` ghd~tvjmn ed `n ejmuyghn hdtyjhn`( D` dsn"bdh ed `n udybghn` pyd}ghpugmn pdybgug npyd"mgny `n dsg}udhmgn ed ghhtbdyni`d} vd}mt`n} n`n} ~td Lnuq w ed` Mn}ug``j ydmjhjmgdyjh mjbj `n}jyknhd`n} ~td n`bnmdhnh `j} mtnhuj} ed hdtyj"uynh}bg}jy( Dh `j} nj} ;? Cdt}dy w }t} mj`nij"ynejyd} np`gmnhej `n bgmyj}mjpgn ed mygjfynmutynji}dyvnyjh `n ft}gh ghegvgetn` ed `n} vd}mt`n}mjh `n bdbiynhn p`n}bugmn(

Dh `n emnen ed `j} 4? wn }d nmdpunin ~td pnyn~td thn bj`mt`n }d mjh}gedynyn th hdtyjuynh}"bg}jy edin ed mtbp`gy `j} mygudygj} }gktgdhud}1"`n dhqgbn ghvj`tmynen dh }t }hud}g} edid d}unypyd}dhud dh `n hdtyjhn pyd}ghpugmn< "`n bj`"mt`n }d edid `gidyny uyn} `n d}ugbt`nmgh ed `n fg"iyn pyd}ghpugmn< "}t dfdmuj mtnhej }d np`gmn n `n

m`t`n pj}u}ghpugmn edid gbguny `j ~td nmjhudmdetynhud `n uynh}bg}gh }ghpugmn hjybn`< "ed"id ed pyd}dhuny}d th bdmnhg}bj ~td udybghd `nnmmgh ed` hdtyjuynh}bg}jy( N d}uj} mygudygj} }d`d nneg thj b} ~td n hgvd` pj}u}ghpugmj }dpyd}dhud th ydmdpujy npyjpgnej pnyn `n bj`mt"`n dh mtd}ugh( Ghgmgn`bdhud }`j `n nmdug`mj`ghn w`n hjyneydhn`ghn mtbp`nh d}j} mygudygj} pdyj dh`n} }gktgdhud} ej} emnen} }d nmtbt`nyjh kynhmnhugene ed dvgedhmgn} n fnvjy ed b`ugp`d} hdt"yjuynh}bg}jyd} ed}ed nbghjmgej} mjbj k`tun"bnuj w KNIN n nbghn} mjbj ejpnbghn j }dyj"

ujhghn w egfdydhud} hdtyjppugej}(

Mjh `n nmdpunmgh ed `n hnutyn`dqn ~tbgmn ed`n uynh}bg}gh }ghpugmn }d ujbnyjh mjbj ejk"bn ej} n}dvdynmgjhd}1 >' En`d pj}ut` dh >7=4~td thn hdtyjhn `gidyn th }j`j ugpj ed hdtyj"uynh}bg}jy dh ujen} }t} udybghnmgjhd} }ghpug"mn}< w 9' thn hdtyjhn ugdhd d` bg}bj dfdmuj dhujen} }t} egnhn} pj}u}ghpugmn}( _dyj dh `n emn"en ed `j} 6? }d dvgedhmg ~td thn hdtyjhn mj`g"hykgmn dh d}ud mn}j ptded udhdy thn nmmgh ds"mgunejyn dh thn hdtyjhn egnhn d ghcgigejyn dhjuyn d` dfdmuj edpdhed ed` ydmdpujy pj}u}ghpugmj

w hj ed` hdtyjuynh}bg}jy `gidynej< w dh `n emn"en ed `j} ;? Clfdu w }t} mj`dkn} edbj}uynyjh `nmj"`gidynmgh ed hdtyjuynh}bg}jyd} dh thn bg}"bn hdtyjhn(

D` ed}mtiygbgdhuj ed `n hnutyn`dqn ~tbgmned `n uynh}bg}gh }ghpugmn cn d}unej hugbn"bdhud n}jmgnej n `j} hdtyjuynh}bg}jyd} nmdug`"mj`ghn w hjyneydhn`ghn( _dyj juyj} hdtyjuynh}"bg}jyd} unbigh cnh udhgej }t pnpd` dh d}ud`nykj mnbghj( Dh >74? Dtkdhd Yjidyu} w AjykdN{npnyn ed}mtiygdyjh }gbt`uhdnbdhud `n pyd"

}dhmgn ed mgej knbbn"nbghjituygmj #KNIN'dh d` mdydiyj w edudybghnyjh }t bdmnhg}bj ed}hud}g} ed}ed d` nmgej k`tubgmj< pdyj }t pnpd`fthmgjhn` pdybnhdmg pjmj m`nyj etynhud bt"

Idyhnye Lnuq

N`nh Cjeklgh

Juuj Lynwdy

NmutN`geNedhFNybNmj`jkNwudyNptugmN " 44 "bNyqj 9??3p vj`tbdh6 h > p

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mt`utynwfybnmj}

mcj} nj}( Dh >74= F`jydw jiutvj thn fynmmghn pnyugy ed dsuynmuj} ed mdydiyj mjh th pjudhuddfdmuj ghcgigejy ptygfgmnej d gedhugfgmnej mjbjKNIN pjy I`nqdbjyd w D``gjuu dh >743( Dh >766Ju}tln edbj}uy mjbj d` KNIN }d `gidyn n`d}ugbt`ny hdyvgj} ghcgigejyd} w }g }d np`gmn dhmjyudqn mdydiyn` ydpyjetmd `n nmmgh ed `n} hdt"yjhn} ghcgigejyn} `jmn`d} mjbj edbj}uynyjh dh>766 Lyhadvgm w ]mc{nyuq( Npyg}jh w [dybnhedbj}uynyjh dh >764">7;? `n dsg}udhmgn ed juyjhdtyjuynh}bg}jy ghcgigejy nithenhud dh `n}ghudyhdtyjhn} ghcgigejyn} ed `n} bjujhdtyj"hn} `n k`gmghn(

Dh >74? [nulgh} Mtyug} w _cg``g} ed}mtiygdyjh~td d` nbghjmgej k`tunbnuj d} d` bnwjy hdt"yjuynh}bg}jy dsmgunejy dh d` mdydiyj w n` gktn`~td n}pnyunuj ugdhd thn ftdyud nmugvgene dsmgun"

ejyn( _j}udygjybdhud Adffydw [nulgh} }ghudugq wnhn`gq thn kynh vnygdene ed d}uytmutyn} nh"`jkn} n k`tunbnuj w n}pnyunuj dhuyd d``n} d` h"bdug`"E"n}pnyunuj #HBEN' w n` mjbpnyny`j mjhjuyj} nh`jkj} mjbj d` nmgej lnhgmj pyjpt}j`n dsg}udhmgn ed b`ugp`d} ydmdpujyd} pnyn k`tun"bnuj n thj ed `j} mtn`d} edhjbghj ydmdpujy edHBEN(

Cdybnh I`n}mclj dh >7=7 ed}mygig `n ytun igj"}ghuugmn ed neydhn`ghn w hjyneydhn`ghn ed}ed d`nbghjmgej ugyj}ghn ejhed n ejpnbghn d} th gh"

udybdegnygj myugmj( Dh `j} nj} 4? N`vge Mny`}}jhnpydmg thn bnymnen egfdydhmgn dh n eg}uygitmghydkgjhn` ed ejpnbghn w hjyneydhn`ghn unhuj dhudagej pdygfygmj mjbj mdhuyn` ~td `d ``dv n }tkd"ygy d` pnpd` mjbj hdtyjuynh}bg}jy ed egmcn bj"`mt`n( Mjh d` ed}nyyj``j ed `j} bujej} f`tjyd}"mdhud} Enc`}uyjb w Ftsd dh >765 ed`gbgunyjh `n`jmn`gqnmgh ed `n} hdtyjhn} ~td mjhugdhdh ejpn"bghn< dhuyd d``n} }d ji}dyv ~td `n} pyjwdmmgjhd}ed` d}uygnej n `n }t}unhmgn hdkyn udhnh th ghudy}pnyugmt`ny pjy~td `n pyegen ed m`t`n} dh `n }t}"unhmgn hdkyn d} `n dvgedhmgn pyghmgpn` ed `n dhfdy"bdene ed _nylgh}jh( J`di Cjyhwlgd{gmq }tkgyg

dh >7;= ~td `n pyegen ed ejpnbghn ed}ed d` d}"uygnej ptded d}uny eduy} ed `j} dfdmuj} dsuynpgyn"bgen`d} ed d}un dhfdybdene w nijk pjy `n nebg"hg}uynmgh ed @"ejpn pnyn pydvdhgy`j}(

Iduuw U{nyjk dh >74= ed}mtiyg d`dvnen} mjh"mdhuynmgjhd} ed }dyjujhghn dh d` mdydiyj "ghg"mgn`bdhud ng}`nen dh `n} p`n~tdun}" w th njed}pt} Nbgh Myn{fjye w Kneetb ji}dyvn"yjh ~td d}unin d}pdmgn`bdhud mjhmdhuynen dhd` }g}udbn `bigmj w dh d` cgpju`nbj( ]t pn"pd` fthmgjhn` hj dbpdq n d}m`nydmdy}d cn}un`j} nj} 3?(

Ed}ed `n ed}mygpmgh ed` pygbdy hdtyjppugej`n }t}unhmgn _ pjy vjh Dt`dy w Kneetb dh >7=>}d ed}mtiygdyjh juyj} btmcj}( Ujej} d``j} mtb"p`dh thn} mnynmudy}ugmn} mjbthd}1 dh }t} }gugj}

ed `gidynmgh d}uh }gdbpyd n}jmgnen} n th hdt"yjuynh}bg}jy mjhvdhmgjhn` }t nmmgh d} dhun wpdy}g}udhud} w }t} ydmdpujyd} }jh ppugej} ed }gd"ud ejbghgj} uynh}bdbiynhn nmjp`nej} n pyjud"hn} K mtwn nmmgh ghuynmd`t`ny d}un bdegnen pjy}dkthej} bdh}nadyj(

Dh >7;? wn dyn dvgedhud ~td `n bnwjyn ed `j}hdtyjuynh}bg}jyd} hj }`j nmugvninh ydmdpujyd}gjhjuypgmj} j nmjp nej} n mnhn`d} ghgmj} pnyneny thn yd}ptd}un ypgen }ghj ~td unbigh ptd"edh ghudynmmgjhny mjh ydmdpujyd} bdunijuypgmj}

mjh }gdud ejbghgj} uynh}bdbiynhn nmjp`nej} npyjudhn} K ~td pyjetmdh thn yd}ptd}un `dhun wpdy}g}udhud(

Dh edfghgugvn pjedbj} mjbpyjiny mbj d` ``d"kny n `j} mjhjmgbgdhuj} nmutn`d} dh d` mnbpj ed`j} hdtyjuynh}bg}jyd} w n uynh}bg}gh }ghpugmned ghmtd}ugjhni`d np`gmnig`gene dh hdtyjp}gmjfny"bnmj`jkn cn }gej th `nykj mnbghj p`nknej edth kynh d}ftdyqj ed}nyyj``nej etynhud btmcj}nj} pjy ghhtbdyni`d} kytpj} ed ghvd}ugknmghpnyn ``dkny n thn bdun mjbh pyjiny `n hnutyn"`dqn ~tbgmn ed `n uynh}bg}gh }ghpugmn(

Aj} ed` Mn}ug``j

Ygmnyej Bg`deg

Nheyd{ Cts`dw

NmutN`geNedhFNybNmj`jkNwudyNptugmN" 46 " p vj`tbdh6 h >pbNyqj 9??3