Apuntes Macro

7/26/2019 Apuntes Macro

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UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN

NICOLAS DE HIDALGO

FACULTAD DE ECONOMA

APUNTES DE MACROECONOMA

GABRIEL TAPIA TOVAR

MORELIA, MICH. 21 DE MARZO DE 20007

1


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INDICE

PRESENTACIONI. INTRODUCCION......

2.LOS POSTULADOS DE LA ECONOMIACLASICA..OBJECIONES DE KEYNES A LA TEORIA CLSICA.LA DEPRESION DE 1929.....LA BOLSA DE VALORES UNA CONSIDERACION BSICA.....LA CRISIS DE 1929 Y EL SURGIMIENTO DEL NEW DEAL.. ...3.EL PRINCIPIO DE LA DEMANDA EFECTIVA

8.II. LA PROPENSION AL

CONSUMO.. ... LA FUNCION DECONSUMO... ..89.FACTORES OBJETIVOS Y SUBJETIVOS DE LA FUNCIONCONSUMO.....1!.EL MULTIPLICADOR DE LA INVERSION..

III. EL INCENTIVO PARA INVERTIR...LA EFICACIA MARGINAL DELCAPITAL...............................................................LAS E"PECTATIVAS...EL INTERES Y EL DINERO.LA PREFERENCIA DE LI#UIDE$ .....COMPARACION DE LAS TEORIAS CLASICAY KEYNESIANA DE LA TASA DE INTERES...

IV. SALARIOS Y PRECIOS.....EL PAPEL DE LOS SALARIOS NOMINALES..EL DINERO LOS PRECIOS..

BIBLIOGRAFIA

2


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PRESENTACION

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4/90

Joh M!"!#$ %&"&' 1(()*1+- $& /o C!34#$5&, I56!#!8

D&3!$! &9&:;!%-'% ,% ,-4 5'% '+&-+*('4,% , R-(4'J';+ S&*(4& M-55 A5:4, M(4%;(55 5 P-'*.

8 I$:!$o#&' $& %&"&'

=> C?I => @#o$:o !:o!6 o9!8

C ,/(+( , 0-,+,%

I ,/(+( , -+%*/'%

2 '+--


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II. EL MULTIPLICADOR

EJAMPLO EMPRESARIO TIENE 100 MILLONESGASTO7 Y AORRO 2

)'4 5' &(+&' &,+,/'% 1 5'% +*,'% ,/)4,%(4-'% (%&(+ ,5 , S

.2

T,+,/'% 1 Q . 2 ETC. 231.2

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S

i i

S = Y - C

Y %- ---/'% )'4 Y

Y X C S PROPENSION MARGINAL AL AORRO

Y

POR LO TANTO K I /

K 1 X .!2 NOS DA UN MULTIPLICADOR DE

EL EUILIBRIO

EN EL MERCADO REAL Y C Q I K I

I C

7

K = I

I - C Y

K = Y X Y

Y C

Y Y

TENEMOS LA PROPENSION

EN EL EJEMPLO LA PROPENSION

MARGINAL AL AORRO ES DE !.2

ES DECIR COMO UNIDADDE INVERSION AUMENTA VESES EL INGRESO

=EJEMPLO

I 1!!K 1 X !.2K K 3!!

Y 3!!3!! Q 1!! !!


8/90

Y

EN EL MERCADO MONETARIO

MV PY

NOS DICE #UE LA CANTIDAD DE DINERO MULTIPLICADA POR SUVELOCIDAD ES IGUAL AL INGRESO MONETARIO

P,4' '/' %, )5(+&,( 5( ':,4&( ,% ,/(+( , -+,4' 5( -*(5(

M X P Y X V

S- M X P 3ES 5( ':,4&( /'+,&(4-( %- / X I X V Y

DEMANDA DE DINERO

M > %= ? 8

D,/(+( , -+,4' ,% -*(5H

( ( 5( %*/( , ,/(+( , -+,4' )(4( &4(+%(-'+,% KY0 ,/(+(% )(4( :-+,% ,%),*5(&-'% ( )4,:,4,+-( )'4 5( 5-*-,? -

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TEORIA NEOCLASICA

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9


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Co'3oC8

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CY

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:5*&*(+&, ,+ 5'%-5'% ( L.P .,%-,+(

E% %-,/)4, /,+'4*, 5( *+-(

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INTRODUCCION 2 !o'8

IDEAS FUNDAMENTALES&,4 ,+,4(5 , 5( T,'46( D, K,+,%.

2 E5 )(),5 ,5 -+,4'.

3 L( 4,5(-%-'% %, '*)(+ , 5( ,/)4,%( ,5 -+--*'.

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-+,4%-


12/90

2( K,+,% ,+ %* '04( T.G.O.I.D. 5, -' -/)'4&(+-( (5 -+,4' ,+ 5(

,&,4/-+(-+ ,+ (0%'5*&'.

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.1 L( I+,4%-


13/90

L'% )'04,% &-,+,+ &(+ )'( 4,+&( *, 5( ()(-( , '+%*/'

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\ E% ,-4 INVERSIONH +*,(% :(04-(%

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P'4 &(+&' L( D-%&-+-


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RESUMEN

TEORIA GENERAL \ E% *+( T,'46( G,+,4(5 *, (:,&( ( &''% 5'% +-,5,%

, ,/)5,'.

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\ E% *+( T,'46( ,+ *, 5(% :5*&*(-'+,% ,+ ,5 '5*/,+ , -+,4%-&,4 :5*&*(+&, , -+-,4&' , 5(% )4,-%-'+,% 4,%),&' ( 5'% 4,+-/-,+&'%

:*&*4'% , 0-,+,% , ()-&(5 , 5'% &4/-+'% ,+ *, %, )*,( )4,%&(4 -+,4' ,

-+&,4%.

14


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CAPITULO II %&"&'

LOS POSTULADOS DE LA ECONOMIA CLASICA

1 K,+,% *%( ,5 '+,)&' , =E'+'/-%&(% C5>%-'% ( 5'% '+&-+*('4,%

, R-(4' -+5*,+' ( J. S. M-55 A. M(4%;(55 A.C. P-'*.

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- L( )4-/,4( &-,+, 4,5(-


16/90

0(( ,+ 5'% W ,0-' ( *+ (5?( , 5'% )4,-'% ),4/(+,-,+' -*(5,% 5'%

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,/)5,' &'&(5 ,5 &4(0(' ,/>% :(&'4,% , 5( )4'*-


17/90

5'% )4,-'% ,5 %(5(4-' *, :-( 5'% )4,-'% ,% ,5 /,(+-%/'

)5(+-:-('4.

: L( (,)&(-%-( /,-(+&, ,5 %*)*,%&' , *, 5( ':,4&( 4,( %*

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S- 4,%*5&(+ ,@,%'% , )4'*-


18/90

( P(4' V'5*+&(4-' *(+' 5'% &4(0(('4,% )'&,+-(5,% +' *-,4,+

(,)&(4 %(5(4-'% 5-,4(/,+&, -+:,4-'4,% ( 5'% %(5(4-'% '44-,+&,%H

0 E5 )(4' )'4 F4--


19/90

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5'% '04,4'% (,)&(+ &-)'% , %(5(4-'% %*:--,+&,/,+&, 0('%.

S'+ ,%&'%:,+


20/90

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0 T,&-(.

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+' )'4 '+&4(&'% ,+&4, '04,4'% )(&4'+,%.

L( ,@)5-(-


21/90

K,+,% ,6( *, ,5 4(+ ,:,&' , 5( =T C ,% %* (5,(/-,+&' , 5(%

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0-,+ , *+( ,'+'/6( %'-(5-%&(.

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22/90

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T(4,(H ;(,4 *+ 4,%*/,+ %'04, X %,-


23/90

TAREA< ELLOS

I. LA DEPRESION DE 1+2+

II. LA BOLSA DE VALORES UNA CONSIDERACION BASICA

1 L( 0'5%( , (5'4,%. I+%&-&*-


24/90

0 M,4('% %,*+(4-'% ' , +,'-(-&-5.

EN FUNCION DE LA VARIABILIDAD DE LA RENTA #UE GENERAN

SE DIVIDEN EN 2 CATEGORIASH

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25/90

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26/90

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26


27/90

'5*/,+ , '+&4(&(- 1@!!X1!! ]

9TIPOS DE LI#UIDACIhN AL INSTANTE DE LA CONTRATACIhN.

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28/90

L'% 6+-,% ':4,,+ *+ -+-('4 ,5 4(' , '+:-(+?( ,+ ,5 :*&*4' , 5(

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29/90

J*,,% +,4' 2 , '&*04, 1929 N,c Y'47.

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M>@-/' ,5 ('%&' , 1929 ,%)*% 4*,5.

C-,44, ,/)4,%(% 4,*-


30/90

CAPAT IIIEL PRINCIPIO DE LA DEMANDA EFECTIVA

\ COSTOS

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L( O:,4&( G5'0(5 \ ,),+, ,@),&(&-(%

E/)5,'$ l N O:,4&(

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31/90

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),4/(+,?( )'4 ,0(' ,5 )4,-' , ,/(+(.

Cada en la +i, 8 9Ibs3 +precio de demanda : precio de oferta,

8 por lo tanto 9I y !'3 : +i, lucrativo

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59/90

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60/90

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EFECTO

SOBRE LA

INDUCCION

A INVERTIT

2!!!

2!!!

2!!!!

2!!!

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61/90

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62/90

C*4( 4,5(&-( ,5>%&-( , 5( EMK ' *4(

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6

6

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63/90

1 E/)4,%(4-' ,*(% , '0&,+,4

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P4,%&(4-' ,%),4('%

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3 C(/0-'% ,+

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64/90

N'&(. LA E"PECTATIVA DEL FUTURO INFLUYE PRINCIPALMENTE SOBRE

EL PRESENTE )4-+-)(5/,+&, )'4 5( *4( , 5( EMK (%, 5( ,5(%&--(

EL FUTURO ESTA LIGADO CON EL PRESENTE.

P4,*+&(%H

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,5 /,4(' -+&,4+'.

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D,/(+( E:,&-( *, )5(+&,' K,+,% )'4*, %-

)'4*, +'

\.

64


65/90

LAS E"PECTATIVAS

C()12

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1 L( )4'),+%-


66/90

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*, 5 )4, '/' /(% :('4(05,%.

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RENDIMIENTO +' )'4 5'% 4,+-/-,+&'% ,:,&-'%.

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5( )4'*-


67/90

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68/90

'5*/,+ , )4'*-


69/90

N'&(H 7,+,% +'% -, *, 5( - +' ,% &(+ -/)'4&(+&, ,+ 5(

,&,4/-+(-% 0-,+ , 5(

&,+'5'6(.

0 E"PECTATIVAS A LP

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)4'0(05,% , -+%&(5(-+ -*(5,%

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70/90

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'+',.

++

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5( -+,%&(0-5-( ,5 %-%&,/(

I INFLUENCIA DE LA BOLSA DE VALORES EN LOS RENDIMIENTOS

PREVISTOS

L( %-&*(-


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- L( 0(%, )4-+-)(5 , 5'% `a ,+ 5( B'5%( V(5'4,% %'+ 5(% `a ,+ 5(%

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L( B'5%( , V(5'4,% %'+ ,5 ,%5(0


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CAPT13

A EL INTERES Y EL DINERO

I EMK

-

E5 - ,% *+ :,+


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L( 4,*5(-% *%('% )(4( 5( 4,*5(-


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B LA TEORIA DEL INTERES

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L'% *, +,,%-&(+ -+,4' )'4 4(?'+,% ),4%'+(5,% , +,'-'% +'

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%, ,%)4,+,+ , 5-*-,?. E% ,-4 5( 4,'/),+%( )'4 +' (&,%'4(4.

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L(% :5*&*(-'+,% ,5 &-)' , - ( L.P. %, 4,:5,(+ ,+ `a ,+ ,5 )4,-' ,

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&-)' , -+&,4%.

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C LA PREFERENCIA POR LA LI#UIDE$.

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,55'%/(+,(+.

80


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Y ( -*(5 *, '+ 5'% -+--*'% `a ,+ )4')'4-% , 5( (+&-( *,

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)'4 ,5 /'&-' )4,(*-


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M'&-' E%),*5(- ,5 :*&*4'.

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(i

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,%&( 0(( , 5( - ,%&( 5( (-


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5

)*,, 4,(-'+(4 (5 (5?( ' ( 5( 0(( 5' *, ;(, /,+'% /(4('% 5'%/'-/-,+&'%.

IMPLICACIONES PRKCTICAS DE LA TEORA DEL DINERO = EL INTERS

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T4(/)( , 5-*-,?

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TEORIA CLASICA

(i ID1ID2(i ID2ID1

(i

R,*5(-


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:I:I;'I

- Di$$a&d, D)d$e, a ?e#&a E.#n*mi.a de @#An Mana&d Kene!, Ed )i$a&, E!aa, 1980

- 'a$"&aiA @#An K, E$ C&a. de$ 29, Ed &ie$, E!aa, 1983

- Ban!en, $in B, ')a de Kene!, Ed >CE, Mi.#, 1983

- Kene!, @#An M, ?e#&a 'ene&a$ de $a ;.)a.i*n, e$ Ine&! e$ Dine, Ed >CE, Mi.#,1976

- K)&iAa&a, KenneA K, Ind)..i*n a $a Dinmi.a Ke)e!iana, Ed >CE, Mi.#, 1967

- %a$me&, CE, Mi.#, 1983

- Ka$d#&, a E.#n#ma Kene!iana Cin.)ena #! De!)!, en Ine!ia.i*n E.#n*mi.a, J#181, @)$i#-!eiem"&e 1987, >a.)$ad de E.#n#ma JM

- Kene!, @#An M, ?e#&a 'ene&a$ de $a ;.)a.i*n, e$ Ine&! e$ Dine, Ed >CE, Mi.#,1976

89


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- K&iAa&a, KenneA K, Ind)..i*n a $a Dinmi.a Kene!iana, Ed >CE, Mi.#, 1967

-Jaa&, CAe, @Cenin, )ne! de Ma.e.#n#mia, 1997

Apuntes Macro

Documents

Transcript of Apuntes Macro