Becaria, Cesar -Tratado de Los Delitos y de Las Penas

8/3/2019 Becaria, Cesar -Tratado de Los Delitos y de Las Penas

1/65

7002

Blriw Glbiwci

Pwcalwi lkcbcm

09.99.7002

[wi{ikn kl jnr kljc{nr s kl jir

plmir


2/65

mkcbl

Pwlrlm{ibcm kl Beim{ij Jplt s Naiw Bnw{r-

Ij jlb{nw-

Cm{wnk|bbcm-

Nwchlm kl jir plmir s Klwlben kl plmiw-

Bnmrlb|lmbcir-

Cm{lwpwl{ibcm kl jir jlslr-

Ngrb|wckik kl jir jlslr-

Kl ji kl{lmbcm-

Cmkcbcnr s fnwair lm jnr d|cbcnr-

Kl jnr {lr{chnr-

Ib|ribcnmlr rlbwl{ir-

Pwlh|m{ir r|hlr{cvir- Kcrpnrcbcnmlr-

Kl jnr d|wialm{nr-

Klj {nwalm{n-

Pwnblrnr s pwlrbwcpbcnmlr-

I{lm{iknr* bapjcblr* cap|mckik-

Ac{chibcm kl jir plmir-Kl ji plmi kl a|lw{l-

Gimkn s bnmfcrbibcnmlr-

Cmfiaci-

Pwnm{c{|k kl ji plmi-

Blw{ck|agwlr kl jir plmir- Hwibcir-

Ircjnr-
http://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/presentacion.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/1.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/2.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/3.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/4.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/5.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/6.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/7.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/8.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/9.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/10.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/11.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/12.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/13.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/14.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/15.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/16.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/17.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/18.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/19.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/20.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/21.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/22.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/presentacion.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/1.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/2.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/3.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/4.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/5.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/6.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/7.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/8.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/9.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/10.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/11.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/12.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/13.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/14.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/15.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/16.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/17.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/18.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/19.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/20.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/21.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/22.html


3/65

Kl pnmlw i pwlbcn ji biglti kl jnr wlnr-

Pwnpnwbcm lm{wl jnr kljc{nr s jir plmir-

Alkcki kl jnr kljc{nr-

Kcvcrcm kl jnr kljc{nr-

Kljc{nr kl jlri aidlr{ik-

Kljc{nr bnm{wi ji rlh|wckik kl jnr piw{cb|jiwlr- Vcnjlmbcir- Plmir kl jnrmngjlr-

Cmd|wcir ij enmnw-

Kl jnr k|ljnr-

E|w{nr-

Bnm{wigimknr-

Kl jnr kl|knwlr-

Kl ji {wimy|cjckik pgjcbi-

Klj nbcn pnj{cbn-

Klj r|cbckcn s kl jnr lachwim{lr-

Kljc{nr kl pw|lgi kcfbcj-

Kl |m hmlwn piw{cb|jiw kl kljc{nr-

Fijrir cklir kl |{cjckik-

Klj lrpwc{| kl fiacjci-

Lj fcrbn-

Ban rl pwlvclmlm jnr kljc{nr-

Bnmbj|rcm-
http://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/23.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/24.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/25.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/26.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/27.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/27.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/28.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/28.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/29.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/30.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/31.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/32.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/33.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/34.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/35.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/36.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/37.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/38.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/39.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/40.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/41.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/42.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/43.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/23.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/24.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/25.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/26.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/27.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/28.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/28.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/29.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/30.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/31.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/32.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/33.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/34.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/35.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/36.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/37.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/38.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/39.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/40.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/41.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/42.htmlhttp://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/derecho/beccaria/43.html


4/65

Pwlrlm{ibcm

Briw Gnmlrimi* Aiwy|r kl Glbbiwci* aldnw bnmnbcknbnan Briw Glbbiwci %982

B|wcnrialm{l lj pwcalw jcgwn y|l lrbwcgc Briw Glbbiwcilm 9867* ignwkigi |m {lai kl biwb{lw alwbim{cjwljibcnmikn bnm jnr klrwklmlr y|l lj anml{iwcranhlmlwigi* plwn* lm a|ben klgckn i ji cmfj|lmbci kl knriachnr r|snr* jnr elwaimnr Plkwn s Ijldimkwn Vlwwc* f|ly|l rl cm{lwlr pnw cwrl iklm{wimkn lm lj {lwwlmn kl ji lm

iy|jjnr {clapnr jjiaiki* Pwb{cbi bwcacmij* y|l mn lwi ar y|l |mi lrplbclkl ijaimiy|l kl klwlben bnmr|l{|kcmiwcn kl pwb{cbir s bnr{|agwlr* y|lrlwvi kl girl piwi lm{lmklw {nkn jn wljibcnmikn bnm jnr d|cbcnr kl nwklmplmij-

Lj alkcimialm{l bnapwlmklw lrl i|{m{cbn jiglwcm{n kl bnmblp{nr

im{cy|rcanr y|l rlwvim kl girl ij bwc{lwcn fwimbialm{l lrbijnfwcim{l y|lrngwl lj klwlben plmij pwcvigi* jjlvjl |m bnmrcklwigjl {clapn* plwn ji is|ki*lupjcbibcnmlr s bnmrldnr kl jnr elwaimnr Vlwwc rcwvcwnmjl a|ben piwi cw pnbni pnbn lm{lmkclmkn lri aikldi kl kcrpnrcbcnmlr s bnm{wikcrpnrcbcnmlr y|l lma|benr birnr rl bnm{wiklbim- Ir* Briw Glbbiwci {iwkiwi |m pnbn ar kl|m in lm lrbwcgcw ji ngwi y|l i ji pnr{wl jl kiwi wlmnagwl |mcvlwrij* [wi{iknkl jnr kljc{nr s kl jir plmir-

Fcmijalm{l r| jcgwn ipiwlblwi p|gjcbikn lm lj alr kl d|jcn kl 986; jnhwimkn|m lmnwal uc{n* p|lr{n y|l lm knr inr rl ecbclwnm b|i{wn lkcbcnmlr-

Briw Glbbiwci anwcwi lj 7; kl mnvclagwl kl 983;* jlhimkn i ji e|aimckikr| aihcr{wij jcgwn y|l lm a|ben rlwvcwi piwi rlm{iw jnr amcanr bwc{lwcnr klblw{ck|agwl s bjiwckik y|l rclapwl klglm lr{iw pwlrlm{lr lm lj klwlben plmij-

Beim{ij Jplt s Naiw Bnw{r


5/65

Ij Jlb{nw

Ijh|mnr wlr{nr kl ji jlhcrjibcm kl |m im{ch|n p|lgjn bnmy|cr{iknw* bnapcjikipnw nwklm kl |m pwmbcpl y|l wlcmigi eibl knbl rchjnr lm Bnmr{im{cmnpji*lmv|lj{nr lm lj fwwihn vnj|acmnrn kl jcgwnr pwlpiwiknr pnw ngrb|wnrcm{wpwl{lr rcm biwb{lw nfcbcij* bnapnmlm ji {wikcbcm kl npcmcnmlr y|l |mihwim piw{l kl L|wnpi enmwi {nkivi bnm lj mnagwl kl Jlslr? s lr bnri {imf|mlr{i bnan hlmlwij lm m|lr{wnr kir* y|l |mi npcmcm kl Biwptnvcn* |miim{ch|i bnr{|agwl wlflwcki pnw Bjiwn* |m {nwalm{n cklikn bnm cwib|mkibnapjiblmbci pnw Fiwcmibbcn* rlim jir jlslr i y|l bnm nglkclmbci rlh|winglkltbim iy|jjnr y|l klglwim {lagjiw ij kcrpnmlw kl jir vckir s eibclmkirkl jnr enagwlr- Lr{ir jlslr* wljcy|cir kl jnr rchjnr ar gwgiwnr* vianr i

luiacmiwjir lm lr{l jcgwn lm iy|jji kl r|r piw{lr y|l rl wlfclwl ij klwlbenbwcacmij? s jnr klrwklmlr kl jir acrair nriwlanr lupnmwrljnr i jnrkcwlb{nwlr kl ji fljcbckik pgjcbi bnm |m lr{cjn y|l kldl ij v|jhn mn cj|r{wikn lcapibclm{l ji cmhlm|i cmkihibcm kl ji vlwkik- Ji cmklplmklmbci kl jirnpcmcnmlr v|jhiwlr bnm y|l lr{ lrbwc{i lr{i ngwi* rl klgl ij gjimkn l cj|r{wiknhngclwmn gidn lj y|l vcvl lj i|{nw kl ljji-

Jnr hwimklr anmiwbir* jnr gclmelbenwlr kl ji e|aimckik y|l mnr wchlm*h|r{im kl jir vlwkiklr lup|lr{ir pnw b|ijy|clw fcjrnfn ngrb|wn bnm |m vchnwklrpwnvcr{n kl fimi{cran* pwnpcn rjn klj y|l rl i{clml i ji f|lwti n i jicmk|r{wci* plwn wlbeitikn pnw ji witm? s piwi lj y|l luiacml gclm jir bnrir lm

{nkir r|r bcwb|mr{imbcir* lj klrnwklm ib{|ij lr r{cwi s wlpwnbel pwnpcnr kl jirlkiklr pirikir* plwn mn kl lr{l rchjn* bnm r|r jlhcrjiknwlr-

Y|clm y|clwi enmwiwal bnm r| bw{cbi klgl bnalmtiw* pnw bnmrch|clm{l* im{l{nkn* pnw bnapwlmklw gclm ji fcmijckik i y|l vi kcwchcki lr{i ngwi? fcmijckik y|l*gclm jldnr kl kcracm|cw ji i|{nwckik jlh{cai* rlwvcwi piwi i|alm{iwji* rc jinpcmcm p|lkl lm jnr enagwlr ar y|l ji f|lwti s rc ji k|jt|wi s ji e|aimckikji d|r{cfcbim i jnr ndnr kl {nknr- Jir aij lm{lmkckir bw{cbir p|gjcbikir bnm{wilr{l jcgwn* rl f|mkim rngwl bnmf|rir mnbcnmlr kl r| bnm{lmckn* ngjchmknal icm{lww|apcw pnw |m analm{n acr witnmiaclm{nr im{l r|r cj|r{wiknr jlb{nwlrpiwi blwwiw kl |mi vlt piwi rclapwl {nkn ibblrn i jnr lwwnwlr kl |m {acknbljn n i jir bij|amcir kl ji aijcbcnri lmvckci-

Rnm {wlr jir f|lm{lr kl y|l aimim jnr pwcmbcpcnr anwijlr s pnj{cbnr y|l wchlm ijnr enagwlr4 ji wlvljibcm* ji jls mi{|wij s jnr bnmvlmbcnmijcranr fcb{cbcnr kl jirnbclkik- Mn eis bnapiwibcm lm{wl ji pwcalwi s jir n{wir knr f|lm{lr* b|im{nij fcm pwcmbcpij kl ljji? plwn rl irlaldim lm y|l jir {wlr bnmk|blm i ji fljcbckiklm lr{i vcki anw{ij- Bnmrcklwiw jir wljibcnmlr kl ji j{cai kl jir {wlr bjirlr* mnrchmcfcbi lubj|cw jir kl jir knr bjirlr pwcalwir? im{lr gclm* ir bnan eir{i jirar kcvcmir l cma|{igjlr* pnw b|jpi kl jnr enagwlr kl jir fijrir wljchcnmlr sjir iwgc{wiwcir mnbcnmlr kl kljcbci s kl vcw{|k* f|lwnm ij{lwikir kl acj anknr

kcr{cm{nr lm r|r klpwivikir alm{ijckiklr* ir {iagcm piwlbl mlblriwcnluiacmiw rlpiwikialm{l kl b|ijy|clw n{wi bnmrcklwibcm jn y|l p|lki miblw


6/65

kl jir alwir bnapwlmrcnmlr e|aimir* lupwlrir n r|p|lr{ir pnw mlblrckik s|{cjckik bnam? ckli lm y|l mlblriwcialm{l klgl bnmvlmcw {nki rlb{i s {nknrcr{lai kl anwij? ir lr y|l rclapwl rlw |mi lapwlri ji|kigjl ji y|lcap|jri eir{i i jnr ar ngr{cmiknr l cmbwk|jnr r|dl{nr i bnmfnwaiwrl bnm jnrpwcmbcpcnr y|l cap|jrim i jnr enagwlr i vcvcw lm rnbclkik- [lmlanr* pnw

bnmrch|clm{l* {wlr bjirlr kcr{cm{ir kl vcw{|klr s kl vcbcnr4 wljchcnrir* mi{|wijlr*s pnj{cbir- Lr{ir {wlr bjirlr m|mbi klglm bnm{wiklbcwrl? plwn mn {nkir jirbnmrlb|lmbcir s klglwlr y|l wlr|j{im kl |mi kl ljjir* klwcvim kl jir klar-Mn {nkn jn y|l luchl ji wlvljibcm jn luchl ji jls mi{|wij? mc {nkn jn y|l luchl jijls mi{|wij jn luchl ji alwi jls rnbcij? plwn lr capnw{im{rcan rlpiwiw jn y|lwlr|j{i kl jnr bnmvlmbcnmijcranr lupwlrnr n kl jnr pib{nr {bc{nr kl jnrenagwlr* p|lr {ij lr lj jac{l kl ji f|lwti y|l p|lkl ldlwblwrl jlh{caialm{lkl enagwl i enagwl* i mn alkciw |mi acrcm lrplbcij klj Rlw R|pwlan- Pnw{im{n* ji ckli kl ji vcw{|k pnj{cbi p|lkl jjiaiwrl rcm {ibei viwcigjl* lm {im{ny|l ji kl ji vcw{|k mi{|wij rlwi rclapwl japcki s aimcfclr{i rc mn jingrb|wlbclrlm ji caglbcjckik n jir pircnmlr kl jnr enagwlr s ji kl ji vcw{|k

wljchcnri rlw rclapwl p|wi s bnmr{im{l* pnw eiglw rckn wlvljikicmalkci{ialm{l pnw Kcnr s bnmrlwviki pnw j-

Ir lr y|l rlwi lwwmln i{wcg|cw i y|clm eigji kl bnmvlmbcnmlr rnbcijlr s kljir bnmrlb|lmbcir kl ji acrai* pwcmbcpcnr bnm{wiwcnr gclm i ji jls mi{|wij n i jiwlvljibcm* p|lr{n y|l mn rl {wi{i mc kl ji |mi mc kl ji n{wi- Eigjimkn kl |mlr{ikn kl h|lwwi im{lr klj lr{ikn kl rnbclkik* rlwi lwwmln {naiw lr{nrbnmblp{nr lm lj rlm{ckn y|l jnr kcn [nar Engglr* lr klbcw bnan fij{nr klmcmhm klglw n kl mcmh|mi ngjchibcm im{lwcnw* lm j|hiw kl {naiwjnr bnan |melben mibckn kl ji bnww|pbcm kl ji mi{|wijlti e|aimi s kl ji fij{i kl |mirimcm lupwlri- Rlwi lwwmln ib|riw kl kljc{n i |m lrbwc{nw y|l bnmrcklwirljir bnmrlb|lmbcir klj pib{n rnbcij rc im{lr mn e|gclrl ikac{ckn pwcalwialm{llj pib{n acran-

Ji d|r{cbci kcvcmi s ji d|r{cbci mi{|wij rnm cma|{igjlr s bnmr{im{lr pnw lrlmbci*pnwy|l ji wljibcm lm{wl jnr knr acranr ngdl{nr lr rclapwl ji acrai? plwn jid|r{cbci e|aimi* n rli ji d|r{cbci pnj{cbi* bnan mn lr ar y|l |mi wljibcmlm{wl ji ibbcm s lj kcr{cm{n lr{ikn kl ji rnbclkik* p|lkl viwciw i alkcki y|l jiibbcm lm b|lr{cm rl eihi mlblriwci s {cj i ji rnbclkik s rjn jjlhi ikcr{wcg|cwrl gclm pnw lj y|l imijcti jir bnapjcbikir s a|{igcjrcair wljibcnmlrkl jir bnmvlmbcnmlr bcvcjlr- Klrkl lj analm{n lm y|l lr{nr pwcmbcpcnr* y|l

rnm lrlmbcijalm{l kcr{cm{nr* rl bnmf|mklm* rl pclwkl {nki lrplwimti klwitnmiw gclm lm ir|m{nr pgjcbnr- Cmb|agl i jnr {ljnhnr {witiw jnr jac{lrlm{wl jn d|r{n s jn cmd|r{n* lm b|im{n rl wlfclwl i ji aijcbci n i ji gnmkik kljib{n* plwn lj lr{igjlblw jir wljibcnmlr kl jn d|r{n s kl jn cmd|r{n klrkl lj p|m{nkl vcr{i pnj{cbn* n rli lm wljibcm bnm ji |{cjckik n lj kin kl ji rnbclkik* lrir|m{n klj p|gjcbcr{i- \mn kl lr{nr ngdl{nr mn pnkw m|mbi pwld|thiw ij n{wn*p|lr {nknr vlanr y|l ji vcw{|k p|wialm{l pnj{cbi klgl blklw im{l jicma|{igjl vcw{|k y|l laimi kl Kcnr-

Vnjvlw i wlpl{cw y|l {nkn lj y|l y|crclrl enmwiwal bnm r|r ngrlwvibcnmlrbw{cbir* mn klgl bnalmtiw r|pnmclmkn lm a pwcmbcpcnr klr{w|b{nwlr kl ji

vcw{|k n kl ji wljchcm* p|lr{n y|l el klanr{wikn y|l mn rnm {ijlr acrcm{lmbcnmlr? s ir* lm vlt kl pwlrlm{iwal bnan cmbwk|jn n rlkcbcnrn* jn y|l


7/65

klgl eiblw lr pwnb|wiw rlijiwal bnan |m jhcbn aijn n |m pnj{cbncapwlvcrnw? mn {clagjl i biki pwnpnrcbcm y|l rnr{lmhi jnr cm{lwlrlr kl jie|aimckik? bnmvmtial kl ji cm|{cjckik n klj kin pnj{cbn y|l pnkwim miblwkl acr pwcmbcpcnr s ehial vlw jir vlm{idir kl jir pwb{cbir ikac{ckir-

Lm jir Mn{ir s ngrlwvibcnmlr* el kikn pgjcbn {lr{canmcn kl ac wljchcnrckik sr|acrcm i ac rnglwimn* kl ankn y|l rlwi r|plwfj|n wlrpnmklw i n{wnrlrbwc{nr rlaldim{lr- [nkn iy|lj y|l lrbwcgi bnm ji klblmbci y|l bnmvclml ijnr enagwlr enmwiknr* i ji vlt- y|l bnm ji cj|r{wibcm bnmvlmclm{l* alkcrplmriw kl pwngiw jnr pwcalwnr pwcmbcpcnr kl b|ijy|clw biwb{lw y|l rlim slmbnm{wiw lm a ar gclm y|l |m enagwl y|l {wi{i kl bnm{lr{iw* |mlmianwikn pibfcbn kl ji vlwkik-


8/65

Cm{wnk|bbcmPnw jn hlmlwij jnr enagwlr r|ljlm klrb|ckiw jir pwlbi|bcnmlr arcapnw{im{lr* igimknmmknrl i ji pw|klmbci kciwci n i ji kcrbwlbcm kl iy|jjnrb|sn cm{lwr p|lki rlw npnmlwrl i jir jlslr ar pwnvcklm{lr* kl vlm{idi|mcvlwrij pnw mi{|wijlti? s wlrcr{lm ircacran ij lrf|lwtn pnw lj b|ij {clmklm ibnmklmriwrl |m pnbn {im{n lm |mnr lj bnjan klj pnklw s kl ji kcbei s lm n{wnr{nki ji klgcjckik s ji acrlwci- Pnw jn b|ij* rc mn klrp|r kl eiglw pirikn lm{wlacjjiwlr kl lwwnwlr lm jir bnrir ar lrlmbcijlr i ji vcki s i ji jcglw{ik* rklrp|r kl lr{iw bimriknr kl r|fwcw jnr aijlr* s jjlhiknr i r| lu{wlan* mn rllm{wlhim i wlalkciw jnr klrwklmlr y|l jlr npwcalm s i wlbnmnblw jir

vlwkiklr ar pijpigjlr* jir b|ijlr* lrbipim pnw r| acrai rlmbcjjlt i jnrlm{lmkcaclm{nr v|jhiwlr mn ibnr{|agwiknr i imijctiw jnr ir|m{nr* rcmn iwlbcgcw jir capwlrcnmlr kl hnjpl* ar pnw {wikcbcm y|l pnw luialm-

Rc igwcanr jir ecr{nwcir* vlwlanr y|l jir jlslr* y|l rnm* n y|l klglwim rlw*pib{nr lm{wl enagwlr jcgwlr* pnw jn hlmlwij mn eim rckn ar y|l cmr{w|alm{nkl jir pircnmlr kl |mnr pnbnr* b|imkn mn eim mibckn kl |mi mlblrckikfnw{|c{i s piridlwi? lr klbcw* y|l mn eim rckn kcb{ikir pnw |m fwn lr{|kcnrn klji mi{|wijlti e|aimi y|l bnmblm{wirl lm |m rnjn p|m{n jnr ib{nr kl |mia|j{c{|k e|aimi* bnmrcklwmknjir klrkl lr{l mh|jn vcr|ij ji aucai fljcbckikkcvckcki lm{wl lj aisnw malwn- Fljcblr rnm jir pny|rcair mibcnmlr y|l mnih|iwkiwnm i y|l lj jlm{n anvcaclm{n kl jir bnagcmibcnmlr s vcbcrc{|klre|aimir* ecbclrl r|blklw lm lj jac{l lu{wlan kl jnr aijlr |mlmbiacmiaclm{n eibci lj gclm* rcmn y|l ibljlwiwnm bnm g|lmir jlslr jnr{wmrc{nr cm{lwalkcnr? s alwlbl ji hwi{c{|k kl jnr enagwlr lj fcjrnfn y|l klrklji ngrb|wckik kl r| klrpwlbcikn ipnrlm{n kl lr{|kcn* {|vn lj vijnw kl jimtiwlm{wl ji a|j{c{|k jir pwcalwir rlacjjir kl jir vlwkiklr {cjlr* jiwhnj {clapncmfw|b{|nrir-

Bnmnbckir rnm jir vlwkiklwir wljibcnmlr lm{wl lj rnglwimn s r|r rgkc{nr slm{wl jir kcvlwrir mibcnmlr? lj bnalwbcn rl ei imcaikn ij irplb{n kl jir

vlwkiklr fcjnrfcbir v|jhiwctikir pnw ji capwlm{i s lm{wl jir mibcnmlr rl eilmblmkckn |mi {bc{i h|lwwi kl cmk|r{wcir* ji ar e|aimi s kchmi kl jnrenagwlr witnmiknwlr- Fw|{nr rnm r{nr klgcknr i ji j|t kl m|lr{wn rchjn- Plwnrnm pny|rcanr jnr y|l eim luiacmikn s bnagi{ckn ji bw|ljkik kl jir plmir sji cwwlh|jiwckik kl jnr pwnblkcaclm{nr bwcacmijlr* piw{l kl ji jlhcrjibcm y|l lr{im pwcmbcpij s y|l {im klrb|ckiki lr{ lm birc {nki L|wnpi- Pny|rcanr rnmjnr y|l wlanm{mknrl i jnr pwcmbcpcnr hlmlwijlr* imcy|cjiwnm jnr lwwnwlrib|a|jiknr pnw jnr rchjnr* fwlmimkn* pnw jn almnr bnm ji f|lwti y|l p|kclwim{lmlw jir vlwkiklr bnmnbckir* lj lublrcvn jcgwl b|wrn kl ji aij kcwchcki f|lwtiy|l eir{i ienwi ei i|{nwctikn lj jiwhn ldlapjn kl jir fwir i{wnbckiklr- S rcmlagiwhn* jnr hlacknr kl jnr kgcjlr ribwcfcbiknr i ji bw|lj chmnwimbci s i ji

wcbi cmknjlmbci* jnr gwgiwnr {nwalm{nr a|j{cpjcbiknr bnm rlvlwckik pwkchi lcm{cj pnw kljc{nr mn pwngiknr n y|cawcbnr* ji aljimbnji s enwwnwlr kl ji


9/65

pwcrcm* i|alm{iknr pnw lj vlwk|hn ar bw|lj kl jnr klrhwibciknr* jicmblw{ck|agwl* iklar* klgclwim rib|kcw lj bnwitm kl jnr aihcr{wiknr y|lh|im jir npcmcnmlr kl jnr rlwlr e|aimnr-

Lj cmanw{ij Pwlrcklm{l Anm{lry|cl| ei {wi{ikn wpckialm{l lr{l ir|m{n s ji

cmkcvcrcgjl vlwkik al f|lwti i rlh|cw jir e|ljjir j|acmnrir kl {im hwimklenagwl* rlh|wn bnan lr{ns kl y|l jnr plmriknwlr* i y|clmlr al kcwcdn* rigwmkcr{cmh|cw acr pirnr kl jnr r|snr- Al bnmrcklwiw ifnw{|mikn rc jjlhn ibnmrlh|cw* bnan j* ji rlbwl{i hwi{c{|k kl jnr ngrb|wnr s pibfcbnr rlb|iblr klji witm s rc jnhwn cmrpcwiw lj k|jbl lr{wlalbcaclm{n bnm y|l jir ijairrlmrcgjlr wlrpnmklm i jnr y|l rnr{clmlm jnr cm{lwlrlr kl ji e|aimckik-

Lj nwklm kl jir bnrir al bnmk|bcwi ienwi i luiacmiw s kcr{cmh|cw jir kcr{cm{irbjirlr kl kljc{nr s ji aimlwi kl plmiwjnr* rc ji mi{|wijlti kl ljjnr* viwcigjlrlhm jir kcvlwrir bcwb|mr{imbcir kl jnr rchjnr s kl jnr j|hiwlr* mn al ngjchirli |m kl{ijjl cmalmrn s lmndnrn- Al gir{iw cmkcbiw jnr pwcmbcpcnr ar

hlmlwijlr* s jnr lwwnwlr ar f|mlr{nr s bna|mlr* piwi klrlmhiiw {im{n iiy|jjnr y|l* pnw |m aij lm{lmkckn ianw kl jcglw{ik* y|crclwim cm{wnk|bcw jiimiwy|i* bnan i jnr y|l h|r{iwim kl wlk|bcw i jnr enagwlr i |mi wlh|jiwckikbji|r{wij-

Plwn b|jlr rlwm jir plmir bnmvlmclm{lr i {ijlr kljc{nr>

Ji a|lw{l lr |mi plmi vlwkiklwialm{l {cj s mlblriwci piwi ji rlh|wckik s ljg|lm nwklm kl ji rnbclkik> lj {nwalm{n lr {iagcm d|r{n s ng{clml lj fcm y|lrl pwnpnmlm jir jlslr> b|j lr ji aldnw aimlwi kl pwlvlmcw jnr kljc{nr> jiracrair plmir rnm ch|ijalm{l {cjlr lm {nknr jnr {clapnr> y| cmfj|lmbci{clmlm rngwl jir bnr{|agwlr> Lr{nr pwngjlair alwlblm rlw wlr|lj{nr bnm jipwlbcrcm hlna{wcbi i y|l mn p|lklm wlrcr{cw ji mclgji kl jnr rnfcrair* jirlk|b{nwi ljnb|lmbci s ji k|ki {acki- Rc sn mn {|vclrl ar awc{n y|l rlw ljpwcalwn y|l e|gclwi pwlrlm{ikn i C{ijci bnm ijh|mi aisnw lvcklmbci jn y|l lmn{wir mibcnmlr rl eisi nrikn lrbwcgcw s bnalmtikn i pwib{cbiw* albnmrcklwiwi ifnw{|mikn rjn pnw ljjn? plwn rc* rnr{lmclmkn jnr klwlbenr kl jnrenagwlr s kl ji cmvlmbcgjl vlwkik* bnm{wcg|slrl i iwwimbiw kl jnr lrpiranr simh|r{cir kl ji a|lw{l i ijh|mi vb{cai cmfnw{|miki kl ji {cwimi n kl jichmnwimbci* ch|ijalm{l fi{ijlr* jir glmkcbcnmlr s jhwcair kl |m rnjn cmnblm{llm jnr {wimrpnw{lr kl r| ijlhwi* al bnmrnjiwim klj klrpwlbcn kl jnr enagwlr-


10/65

Nwchlm kl jir plmir s klwlben kl plmiw

Mn p|lkl lrplwiwrl vlm{idi ijh|mi k|wiklwi kl ji pnj{cbi anwij* rc r{i mn rlf|mki lm jnr rlm{caclm{nr cmkljlgjlr lm lj enagwl- [nki jls y|l rl klrvl klr{nr* lmbnm{wiw rclapwl |mi wlrcr{lmbci bnm{wiwci y|l ij bign vlmblw* kljacran ankn y|l |mi f|lwti* i|my|l rli a|s ply|li* rc rl ipjcbi a|sbnm{cm|ikialm{l* vlmbl b|ijy|clw anvcaclm{n vcnjlm{n bna|mcbikn i |mb|lwpn-

Bnmr|j{lanr lj bnwitm e|aimn s lm j eijjiwlanr jnr pwcmbcpcnrf|mkialm{ijlr klj vlwkiklwn klwlben klj rnglwimn piwi plmiw jnr kljc{nr-

Mcmhm enagwl ei elben lj knm hwi{|c{n kl piw{l kl r| jcglw{ik lm vcr{i kljgclm pgjcbn? lr{i y|calwi rjn lucr{l lm jir mnvljir- Rc f|lrl pnrcgjl* {nknrmnrn{wnr y|crcwianr y|l jnr pib{nr y|l mnr i{im bnm jnr klar* mn mnrjchirlm? {nkn enagwl rl rclm{l blm{wn kl {nkir jir bnagcmibcnmlr klj hjngn-

Ji a|j{cpjcbibcm klj hmlwn e|aimn* ply|li pnw r acrai* plwn r|plwcnw bnma|ben i jnr alkcnr y|l ji lr{wcj s igimknmiki mi{|wijlti nfwlbi piwiri{crfiblw jir mlblrckiklr y|l biki vlt ar rl lmwlkigim lm{wl r* f|l jn y|lwl|mc i jnR pwcalwnr rijvidlr- Jir pwcalwir |mcnmlr fnwaiwnm mlblriwcialm{ln{wir piwi wlrcr{cw i jir pwcalwir? s kl lr{l ankn lj lr{ikn kl h|lwwi rl

{wimrpnw{ klrkl lj cmkcvck|n i jir mibcnmlr-

Jir jlslr rnm jir bnmkcbcnmlr alkcim{l jir b|ijlr jnr enagwlr cmklplmkclm{lrs icrjiknr* rl |mclwnm lm rnbclkik* bimriknr kl vcvcw lm |m bnm{cm|n lr{ikn klh|lwwi* ir bnan kl hntiw |mi jcglw{ik cm{cj pnw ji cmblw{ck|agwl klbnmrlwviwji- Pnw lrn* klgclwnm ribwcfcbiw |mi piw{l kl r| jcglw{ik piwi kcrfw|{iwklj wlr{n* rlh|wnr s {wimy|cjnr- Ji r|ai kl {nkir lr{ir pnwbcnmlr kl jcglw{ikribwcfcbikir ij gclm kl {nknr* lr jn y|l fnwai ji rnglwimi kl |mi Mibcm*rclmkn lj rnglwimn r| jlh{can klpnrc{iwcn s ikacmcr{wiknw- Plwn mn gir{igifnwaiw lr{l klprc{n? lwi pwlbcrn klflmklwjl kl jir |r|wpibcnmlr kl bikienagwl lm piw{cb|jiw* p|lr lj enagwl {wi{i rclapwl kl r|gr{wilw klj klprc{n*mn rjn r| pnwbcm pwnpci* rcmn y|l iklar pwnb|wi |r|wpiw jir pnwbcnmlr kljnr klar- Eibim fij{i an{cvnr rlmrcgjlr y|l gir{irlm i kcr|ikcw lj mcanklrp{cbn kl biki cmkcvck|n kl r|alwhcw lm lj binr im{ch|n jir jlslr kl jirnbclkik- Lr{nr an{cvnr rlmrcgjlr rnm jir plmir lr{igjlbckir bnm{wi jnrcmfwib{nwlr kl jir jlslr-

Kchn an{cvnr rlmrcgjlr* pnwy|l ji luplwclmbci ei elben vlw y|l ji aisnwi mniknp{i pwcmbcpcnr lr{igjlr kl bnmk|b{i mc rl ijldi klj pwcmbcpcn |mcvlwrij klkcrnj|bcm y|l rl ngrlwvi lm lj \mcvlwrn frcbn s anwij* rcmn bnm an{cvnr y|liflb{im cmalkci{ialm{l i jnr rlm{cknr s y|l rl pwlrlm{im kl bnm{cm|n i ji

alm{l piwi bnm{wiplriw jir f|lw{lr capwlrcnmlr kl jir pircnmlr piwbcijlr y|lrl npnmlm ij gclm |mcvlwrij* rcm y|l ji ljnb|lmbci s jir klbjiaibcnmlr* mc i|m


11/65

jir ar r|gjcalr vlwkiklr gir{lm piwi wlfwlmiw pnw jiwhn {clapn jir pircnmlrlubc{ikir pnw jir vcvir rib|kckir kl jnr ngdl{nr pwlrlm{lr- Kl ankn y|l f|l jimlblrckik ji y|l ngjch i jnr enagwlr i blklw piw{l kl r| jcglw{ik s* pnw {im{nlr bnri bclw{i y|l mcmh|mn kl mnrn{wnr klrli bnjnbiw lm lj klprc{n pgjcbnar y|l ji amcai pnwbcm pnrcgjl* {im rjn iy|jji y|l gir{l i cmk|bcw i jnr

n{wnr i klflmklw lj klprc{n acran- Lj bnmd|m{n kl lr{ir amcair pnwbcnmlrpnrcgjlr* fnwai lj klwlben kl plmiw? {nkn jn klar lr ig|rn* s mn d|r{cbci? lr|m elben* s mn si klwlben-

Jir plmir y|l r|plwim ji mlblrckik kl bnmrlwviw lj klprc{n kl ji rij|kpgjcbi rnm d|r{ir pnw mi{|wijlti? s jir plmir rnm {im{n ar d|r{ir b|im{n arrihwiki l cmvcnjigjl lr ji rlh|wckik s aisnw ji jcglw{ik y|l lj rnglwimnbnmrlwvi i jnr rgkc{nr-

Bnmrlb|lmbcir

Ji pwcalwi bnmrlb|lmbci kl lr{nr pwcmbcpcnr lr y|l {im rjn jir jlslr p|lklmklbwl{iw jir plmir kl jnr kljc{nr* rcm y|l lr{i i|{nwckik p|lki wlrckcw ar y|llm lj jlhcrjiknw* y|l lr y|clm wlpwlrlm{i i ji rnbclkik lm{lwi* |mcki pnw |mbnm{wi{n rnbcij- Mcmhm aihcr{wikn %y|l lr |mi piw{l kl ji rnbclkik# p|lklbnm d|r{cbci cmfjchcw plmir bnm{wi n{wn aclagwn kl ji rnbclkik acrai- Plwn |miplmi i|alm{iki ar ijj klj jac{l fcdikn pnw jir jlslr* n rli kl ji plmi d|r{i*rlwi n{wi plmi ar? kl ankn y|l lj aihcr{wikn mn p|lkl i|alm{iw ji plmilr{igjlbcki piwi |m kljcmb|lm{l bc|kikimn* i|my|l rli gidn lj pwl{lu{n kl |mbljn aij lm{lmkckn n klj gclmlr{iw pgjcbn-

Ji rlh|mki bnmrlb|lmbci lr y|l lj rnglwimn wlpwlrlm{im{l kl ji rnbclkikacrai rjn p|lkl kcb{iw jlslr hlmlwijlr y|l ngjch|lm i {nknr jnr aclagwnr kliy|jji* plwn rcm y|l p|lki d|thiw ar y|l ij y|l eisi vcnjikn lj bnm{wi{nrnbcij* pnwy|l lm{nmblr ji mibcm rl kcvckcwi lm knr piw{lr4 |mi wlpwlrlm{ikipnw lj rnglwimn y|l ifcwai ji vcnjibcm klj bnm{wi{n* s n{wi pnw lj ib|rikn* y|ljn mclhi- Kl ankn y|l lr mlblriwcn y|l eisi |m {lwblwn y|l d|th|l kl jivlwkik klj elben- Iy| {lmlanr ji mlblrckik kl |m aihcr{wikn b|sirrlm{lmbcir rlim cmipljigjlr* bnmrcr{clmkn lm alwir ifcwaibcnmlr n mlhibcnmlr

kl elbenr piw{cb|jiwlr-Ji {lwblwi bnmrlb|lmbci lr y|l rc jjlhirl i pwngiwrl y|l ji i{wnbckik kl jirplmir* cmalkci{ialm{l np|lr{i ij gclm pgjcbn s i ji fcmijckik acrai klcaplkcw jnr kljc{nr* f|lrl cm{cj* {iagcm lm lr{l birn iy|jji mn rjn rlwibnm{wiwci i jir vcw{|klr glmfcbir* lflb{n kl |mi witm cj|r{wiki y|l pwlfclwlaimkiw ar gclm i enagwlr fljcblr* y|l mn i |mi aimiki kl lrbjivnr lm y|lrl aim{lmhi rclapwl |mi plwpl{|i bcwb|jibcm kl {acki bw|ljkik* rcmn y|lrlwi {iagcm bnm{wiwci i ji pwnpci d|r{cbci s i ji mi{|wijlti klj acran bnm{wi{nrnbcij-


12/65

Cm{lwpwl{ibcm kl jir jlslrB|iw{i bnmrlb|lmbci- Mc {iapnbn ji i|{nwckik kl cm{lwpwl{iw jir jlslr plmijlrp|lkl wlrckcw lm jnr d|lblr klj nwklm bwcacmij* pnw ji acrai witm kl y|l mnrnm jlhcrjiknwlr- Jnr d|lblr mn eim wlbcgckn jir jlslr kl m|lr{wnr im{ch|nrpikwlr bnan |mi {wikcbcm knar{cbi s |m {lr{ialm{n y|l rjn kldirl i jipnr{lwckik lj b|ckikn kl nglklblwjn? rcmn y|l jl wlbcglm kl ji rnbclkik vcvi* nklj rnglwimn y|l ji wlpwlrlm{i bnan klpnrc{iwcn jlh{can klj wlr|j{ikn ib{|ijkl ji vnj|m{ik kl {nknr? lr klbcw* y|l jir wlbcglm mn bnan ngjchibcnmlr kl |md|wialm{n im{ch|n* m|jn pnwy|l jchigi vnj|m{iklr i|m cmlucr{lm{lr* l cmcb|n*pnwy|l wlk|bi i jnr enagwlr klrkl lj lr{ikn kl rnbclkik ij kl wlgin* rcmn

bnan lflb{nr kl |m d|wialm{n* {bc{n n lupwlrn? elben pnw jir vnj|m{iklrwl|mckir kl jnr rgkc{nr vcvnr ij rnglwimn* bnan vmb|jnr mlblriwcnr piwiwlfwlmiw s wlhcw lj flwalm{n cm{lwcnw kl jnr cm{lwlrlr piw{cb|jiwlr- [ij lr jii|{nwckik frcbi s wlij kl jir jlslr- Pnw bnmrch|clm{l y|cm rlw lj cm{wpwl{ljlh{can kl ji jls> lj rnglwimn* y|l lr lj klpnrc{iwcn kl jir vnj|m{iklrib{|ijlr kl {nknr* n lj d|lt* b|sn nfcbcn lr {im rjn kl{lwacmiw rc {ij n b|ijenagwl ei wlijctikn mn |mi ibbcm bnm{wiwci i jir jlslr>

Lj d|lt? klgl eiblw lm {nkn kljc{n |m rcjnhcran plwflb{n4 ji aisnw kl lr{lrcjnhcran klgl rlw ji jls hlmlwij? ji almnw* rlw ji ibbcm bnmfnwal n mn i jijls? s fcmijalm{l* ji bnmrlb|lmbci {lmkw y|l rlw ji jcglw{ik n ji plmi- Rc lj d|ltrl vl ngjchikn n pwl{lmkl eiblw* lm vlt kl |mn* knr rcjnhcranr* rl igwl jip|lw{i i ji cmblw{ck|agwl-

Mn eis miki ar pljchwnrn y|l lj iucnai bnam kl y|l pwlbcri bnmr|j{iw ljlrpwc{| kl ji jls- Lr{l lr ij ankn kl kcy|l wn{n pnw lj {nwwlm{l kl jir npcmcnmlrs al piwlbl klanr{wiki lr{i vlwkik y|l piwlbl |mi piwikndi i jnrlm{lmkcaclm{nr v|jhiwlr i y|clmlr iflb{i ar |m ply|ln klrnwklm pwlrlm{ly|l jir f|mlr{ir* i|my|l wlan{ir bnmrlb|lmbcir* y|l miblm kl |m fijrnpwcmbcpcn iwwichikn bnm |mi mnbcm-

M|lr{wnr bnmnbcaclm{nr s {nkir m|lr{wir cklir aim{clmlm |mi bnmlucmwlbpwnbi s b|im{n ar bnapjcbiknr rnm* jnr biacmnr y|l i ljjnr bnmk|blm sy|l kl ljjnr piw{lm rnm ar m|alwnrnr- Biki enagwl {clml r| p|m{n kl vcr{is lm biki kcflwlm{l {clapn biki b|ij {lmkw lj r|sn kcr{cm{n- Lj lrpwc{| kl ji jlsrlwi* pnw {im{n* lj wlr|j{ikn kl ji g|lmi n kl ji aiji jhcbi kl |m d|ltklplmkclm{l kl |mi fbcj n aiji ircacjibcm? klplmklwi klj cap|jrn kl r|rpircnmlr* kl ji klgcjckik klj y|l r|fwl* kl jir wljibcnmlr klj d|lt bnm ljnflmkckn s kl {nkir iy|ljjir f|lwtir alm|kir y|l biagcim jir ipiwclmbcir klb|ijy|clw ngdl{n lm lj mcan nrbcjim{l klj enagwl- Vlanr iy| ji r|lw{l kl |mbc|kikimn biagciw bnm fwlb|lmbci lm lj {wmrc{n y|l p|lki eiblwrl i kcr{cm{nr{wcg|mijlr* rclmkn ji vcki kl pngwlr hlm{lr vb{cai kl fijrnr wibcnbcmcnr n klj

flwalm{n ib{|ij kl r|r e|anwlr* b|imkn {nai pnw cm{lwpwl{ibcm jlh{cai ljvihn wlr|j{ikn kl ji bnmf|ri plwrplb{cvi kl mnbcnmlr y|l rl pwlrlm{im lm r|


13/65

alm{l- Pnw lr{n vlanr jir acrair bjirlr kl kljc{nr plmiknr pnw lj acran{wcg|mij kcvlwrialm{l lm {clapnr kcr{cm{nr* pnw eiglw i{lmkckn i ji lwwim{lcmlr{igcjckik kl jir cm{lwpwl{ibcnmlr s mn i ji bnmr{im{l vnt kl ji jls* rclapwlfcdi-

Lj klrnwklm y|l mitbi kl ji ngrlwvimbci wch|wnri kl ji jl{wi kl |mi jls plmij*mn klgl bnapiwiwrl bnm jnr klrwklmlr y|l mitbim kl r| cm{lwpwl{ibcm- \m{ij analm{mln cmbnmvlmclm{l cap|jri i ji fbcj s mlblriwci bnwwlbbcm kl jirpijigwir kl ji jls an{cvn kl r| cmblw{ck|agwl? plwn capckl ji fi{ij jcblmbci klwitnmiw kl y|l miblm jir bnm{wnvlwrcir vlmijlr s iwgc{wiwcir- B|imkn |m bkchnfcdn kl jlslr y|l klglm ngrlwviwrl i ji jl{wi mn kldi ij d|lt n{wi {iwli ar y|lji kl luiacmiw jnr ib{nr kl jnr bc|kikimnr s d|thiwjnr bnmfnwalr nkcrbnmfnwalr bnm ji jls lrbwc{i? b|imkn ji mnwai kl jn d|r{n s kl jn cmd|r{n* y|lklgl kcwchcw jir ibbcnmlr {im{n klj bc|kikimn chmnwim{l bnan klj rigcn* mn lrir|m{n kl bnm{wnvlwrci* rcmn kl elben* lm{nmblr jnr rgkc{nr mn lr{m r|dl{nri jir ply|lir {cwimir kl a|benr* {im{n ar bw|ljlr b|im{n almnw lr ji

kcr{imbci lm{wl lj y|l r|fwl s lj y|l ei kl r|fwcw* s ar fi{ijlr y|l jir {cwimirkl |mn rnjn* pnwy|l lj klrpn{cran kl a|benr mn lr bnwwlhcgjl ar y|l pnw ljklrpn{cran kl |mn rnjn* s ji bw|ljkik kl |m krpn{i lr pwnpnwbcnmiki mn i r|f|lwti* rcmn i jnr ngr{b|jnr y|l lmb|lm{wi- Lr ir bnan jnr bc|kikimnriky|clwlm ji rlh|wckik kl r acranr* y|l lr d|r{i* p|lr r{l lr lj ngdl{n s ljfcm y|l jjlv i jnr enagwlr i ji rnbclkik? s y|l lr* iklar* {cj* pnwy|l jnrbnjnbi lm rc{|ibcm kl bijb|jiw bnm luib{c{|k jnr cmbnmvlmclm{lr kl |mi aijiibbcm? {iagcm lr vlwkik y|l kl lr{l ankn* jnr enagwlr iky|cwcwm lrpwc{|kl cmklplmklmbci* plwn mn piwi rijcwrl kl jir jlslr s npnmlwrlwlbijbc{wim{lalm{l i jnr r|pwlanr aihcr{wiknr* rcmn piwi npnmlwrl i y|clmlrrl eisim i{wlvckn i jjiaiw bnm lj rihwikn mnagwl kl vcw{|k ji klgcjckik klblklw i jir npcmcnmlr cm{lwlrikir n bipwcbenrir kl jnr pnklwnrnr-

Lr{nr pwcmbcpcnr klrihwikiwm i jnr y|l rl eisim bwlikn lj klwlben kl{wirac{cw i jnr cmflwcnwlr jnr hnjplr kl {cwimi wlbcgcknr kl r|r r|plwcnwlr- [nknklglw {lalwrl rc lj lrpwc{| kl {cwimi p|kclrl bnmbcjciwrl bnm lj kl ji jlb{|wi?n rli bnm ji bipibckik kl bnapwlmklw jn jlkn-

Ngrb|wckik kl jir jlslr

Rc ji cm{lwpwl{ibcm kl jir jlslr lr |m aij* lr lvcklm{l y|l rlw n{wn aij jingrb|wckik y|l iwwir{wi {wr kl r i ji cm{lwpwl{ibcm mlblriwcialm{l? s lj aijrlw hwimkrcan b|imkn jir jlslr kl |m pir lr{m lrbwc{ir lm jlmh|ilu{wimdlwi piwi lj p|lgjn* pnmclmkn i r{l lm{nmblr gidn ji klplmklmbci kl|mnr b|im{nr y|l lm{clmkim iy|ljji jlmh|i s rcm y|l p|lki d|thiw pnw racran b|j rlwi lj uc{n kl r| jcglw{ik n kl r|r pwnpcnr aclagwnr? lm |mijlmh|i y|l eihi kl |m jcgwn rnjlaml s pgjcbn ijhn birc pwcvikn s knar{cbn-

B|imkn aisnw rli lj malwn kl jnr y|l lm{clmkim s {lmhim lm r|r aimnr lj

rihwikn bkchn kl jir jlslr* {im{n almnr fwlb|lm{lr rlwm jnr kljc{nr* p|lr lrcmk|kigjl y|l ji chmnwimbci s ji cmblw{ck|agwl kl jir plmir is|kim i ji


14/65

ljnb|lmbci kl jir pircnmlr- Y| klglwianr plmriw kl lr{n* rc {lmlanr lmb|lm{i ji cmvl{lwiki bnr{|agwl kl hwim piw{l kl ji b|j{i l cj|r{wiki L|wnpi>

\mi bnmrlb|lmbci kl lr{i j{cai wlfjlucm lr y|l rcm ji lrbwc{|wi* |mi rnbclkikmn pnkw {naiw |mi fnwai fcdi kl hngclwmn lm y|l ji f|lwti rli |m lflb{n klj

{nkn* s mn kl jir piw{lr* s lm y|l jir jlslr* cmij{lwigjlr rjn pnw ji vnj|m{ikhlmlwij* mn klhlmlwlm ij piriw pnw ji a|j{c{|k kl jnr cm{lwlrlr pwcviknr-

Ji luplwclmbci s ji witm mnr eim elben vlw y|l ji pwngigcjckik s jiblw{ck|agwl kl jir {wikcbcnmlr e|aimir kcracm|slm i alkcki y|l rl ijldim klr| f|lm{l- Y| mn rlw b|imkn mn lucr{l mcmhm anm|alm{n lr{igjl klj pib{nrnbcij> Ban wlrcr{cwim jir jlslr i ji f|lwti cmlvc{igjl klj {clapn s kl jirpircnmlr>

Pnw lr{n vlanr b|m {cj rli ji capwlm{i y|l eibl klpnrc{iwcn kl jir rim{irjlslr ij pgjcbn lm hlmlwij* s mn i |mnr pnbnr* s b|imkn {lmhi kl kcrcpikn lj

{lmlgwnrn lrpwc{| kl bgiji s kl cm{wchi y|l klripiwlbl im{l jir j|blr s jirbclmbcir* ipiwlm{lalm{l klrpwlbcikir* plwn {lackir lm wlijckik kl jnrrlb|iblr kl iy|ljjir {lmklmbcir- [ij lr ji witm kl y|l lm L|wnpi eisikcracm|ckn ji i{wnbckik kl jnr kljc{nr y|l eibim hlacw i m|lr{wnr im{ch|nrpikwlr* |mir vlblr {cwimnr s n{wir lrbjivnr- Lj y|l bnmntbi ji ecr{nwci kl eiblknr n {wlr rchjnr s ji m|lr{wi* pnkw vlw bnan klj rlmn klj j|dn s kl ji anjcbclmibclwnm jir vcw{|klr ar ihwikigjlr* {ijlr bnan ji e|aimckik* jiglmlfcblmbci* ji {njlwimbci kl jnr lwwnwlr e|aimnr- S klj acran ankn pnkwvlw b|jlr f|lwnm jnr lflb{nr kl iy|jji y|l ly|cvnbikialm{l rl jjiai im{ch|irlmbcjjlt s g|lmi fl4 Ji e|aimckik hcaclmkn gidn ji capjibigjl r|plwr{cbcm? jiiviwcbci s ji iagcbcm kl pnbnr {clmkn kl rimhwl e|aimi jir iwbir klj nwn sjnr {wnmnr klj Wls? jir {wicbcnmlr nb|j{ir* jnr pgjcbnr lr{wihnr? biki |mn kl jnrmngjlr {cwimnr kl ji pjlgl* jnr acmcr{wnr kl ji vlwkik lvimhjcbi bnm jir aimnraimbeikir kl rimhwl* iy|ljjir aimnr y|l ki pnw ki rl ijtigim eibci ljKcnr kl ji aimrlk|agwl --- [nkn ljjn ei kldikn kl rlw ngwi kl m|lr{wn rchjncj|r{wikn y|l ijh|mnr jjiaim bnwwnapckn-

Kl ji kl{lmbcm

\m lwwnw mn almnr bnam y|l bnm{wiwcn i ji fcmijckik rnbcij* y|l lr ljbnmvlmbcaclm{n kl ji rlh|wckik pwnpci* lr kldiw y|l lj aihcr{wikn ldlb|{nw kljir jlslr rli k|ln kl ipwcrcnmiw i |m bc|kikimn* kl y|c{iw ji jcglw{ik i |mlmlachn r|sn pnw fwvnjnr pwl{lu{nr n kl kldiw cap|ml i |m iachn i klrplbenkl jnr cmkcbcnr ar f|lw{lr kl b|jpigcjckik- Ji pwcrcm lr |mi plmi y|lmlblriwcialm{l klgl pwlblklw i ji klbjiwibcm klj kljc{n* i kcflwlmbci klb|ijy|clwi n{wi? plwn lr{l biwb{lw kcr{cm{cvn r|sn* mn jl y|c{i n{wn biwb{lwlrlmbcij* i riglw4 y|l rjn ji jls p|lkl kl{lwacmiw jnr birnr lm y|l |menagwl p|lki alwlblw ji plmi-

Ji jls pnw bnmrch|clm{l cmkcbiw b|jlr rlim jnr cmkcbcnr kl |m kljc{n y|lalwltbim ji b|r{nkci klj wln* y|l jl rnal{im i |m luialm s i |mi plmi- Ji


15/65

fiai pgjcbi* ji f|hi* ji bnmflrcm lu{wid|kcbcij* ji kl |m bnapilwn kl kljc{n*jir ialmitir s ji lmlacr{ik bnmr{im{l klj nflmkckn* lj b|lwpn klj kljc{n sn{wnr cmkcbcnr rlaldim{lr* rnm pw|lgir r|fcbclm{lr piwi eiblw y|l rl kl{lmhi i|m bc|kikimn- Plwn lr{ir pw|lgir klglm lr{iw lr{igjlbckir pnw jir jlslr* s mnpnw jnr d|lblr* b|sir pwnvcklmbcir rl npnmlm rclapwl i ji jcglw{ik pnj{cbi*

b|imkn mn rnm pwnpnrcbcnmlr piw{cb|jiwlr kl |mi aucai hlmlwij y|l bnmr{llm lj bkchn pgjcbn- I alkcki y|l jir plmir visim rclmkn anklwikir* y|l rlibigl bnm ji klrnjibcm s lrb|ijcklt kl jir bwbljlr* y|l ji bnapircm kl jie|aimckik plml{wl i {wivr kl jir p|lw{ir blwwikir s hngclwml i jnrcmlunwigjlr s lmk|wlbcknr acmcr{wnr kl d|r{cbci* jir jlslr pnkwm bnm{lm{iwrlpiwi kl{lmlw i jnr bc|kikimnr bnm cmkcbcnr y|l rlim ar kgcjlr-

\m enagwl y|l eisi rckn ib|rikn kl kljc{n* lmbiwbljikn s igr|lj{n klrp|rmn klglwi jjlviw lm r mn{i ijh|mi kl cmfiaci- B|m{nr wnaimnr* ib|riknr klkljc{nr hwivrcanr s i y|clmlr rl lr{ca j|lhn cmnblm{lr* f|lwnm wlvlwlmbciknrpnw lj p|lgjn* s enmwiknr bnm aihcr{wi{|wir) Pnw y| witm lr {im kcr{cm{n lm

m|lr{wn {clapn lj uc{n kl |m cmnblm{l> Pnwy|l piwlbl y|l lm lj rcr{laibwcacmij ib{|ij* rlhm npcmcm kl jnr enagwlr* pwlvijlbl ji ckli kl ji f|lwti skl ji pwlpn{lmbci rngwl ji kl ji d|r{cbci* pnwy|l rl iwwndi bnmf|mkcknr lm jiacrai bivlwmi i jnr ib|riknr s i jnr bnmvcb{nr* pnwy|l ji pwcrcm ar gclm lr|m r|pjcbcn y|l ji b|r{nkci klj wln s pnwy|l ji f|lwti cm{lwmi {|{ljiw kl jir jlslraiwbei rlpiwiki kl ji lu{lwmi* klflmrnwi klj {wnmn s kl ji mibcm* b|imknklgclwim lr{iw |mckir ir- Ji pwcalwi* pnw alkcn klj ipnsn bnam kl jir jlslr*rl bnagcmiwi bnm ji fib|j{ik kl d|thiw* plwn mn klplmklwi kl iy|jji bnmcmalkci{i pn{lr{ik? s ji hjnwci y|l ibnapii i ji pnapi s lj j|dn kl |m b|lwpnacjc{iw* bimbljiwi ji cmfiaci* ar |mcki ij ankn y|l i ji bnri* bnan {nknr jnrrlm{caclm{nr pnp|jiwlr? s lr{ pwngikn y|l lm ji npcmcm bnam jir pwcrcnmlracjc{iwlr mn rnm {im cmfiaim{lr bnan jir fnwlmrlr- [nkivi k|wim lm lj p|lgjn*lm jir bnr{|agwlr s lm jir jlslr* cmflwcnwlr rclapwl lm ar kl |m rchjn lmgnmkik i ji cj|r{wibcm ib{|ij kl |mi mibcm* {nkivi k|wim jir gwgiwircapwlrcnmlr s jir flwnblr cklir kl jnr rlp{lm{wcnmijlr jnmhngiwknr y|llup|jriwnm i m|lr{wnr pikwlr---

Cmkcbcnr s fnwair kl jnr d|cbcnr

Eis |m {lnwlai hlmlwij a|s {cj piwi bijb|jiw ji blw{ck|agwl kl |m elben4 pnwldlapjn* ji f|lwti kl jnr cmkcbcnr kl |m kljc{n- B|imkn jir pw|lgir kl |m elbenklplmklm |mir kl n{wir* n rli* b|imkn jnr cmkcbcnr rjn rl pw|lgim lm{wl r*b|im{n aisnwlr rlim jir pw|lgir y|l rl ik|tbim* {im{n almnw rlw jipwngigcjckik klj elben* pnwy|l jnr birnr y|l eiwim fijjiw jir pw|lgirim{lblklm{lr* eiblm fijjiw {iagcm jir r|grch|clm{lr- B|imkn {nkir jirpw|lgir kl |m elben klplmklm pnw ch|ij kl |mi rnji* mn i|alm{i lj malwnkl jir pw|lgir mc kcracm|sl ji pwngigcjckik klj elben* pnwy|l {nkn r| vijnw rlwlr|ljvl lm lj kl iy|ljji mcbi kl y|l klplmkl- B|imkn jir pw|lgir rnmcmklplmkclm{lr |mi kl n{wi* n lri* b|imkn jnr cmkcbcnr rl pw|lgim kl n{wn

ankn y|l pnw r acranr* b|im{n aisnwlr pw|lgir rl ik|tbim* {im{n arbwlblw ji pwngigcjckik klj elben* pnwy|l ji fijibci kl |mi pw|lgi mn cmfj|sl


16/65

rngwl ji n{wi- Lr{ns eigjimkn kl pwngigcjckiklr lm ai{lwci kl kljc{n*pwngigcjckiklr y|l klglm rlw bclw{ir* piwi alwlblw plmi? plwn rl klrvimlblwji piwikndi piwi y|clm bnmrcklwl y|l* wch|wnrialm{l bnmrcklwiki* jiblw{ck|agwl anwij mn lr ar y|l |mi pwngigcjckik* pwngigcjckik kl {ij hmlwny|l rl jjiai blw{ck|agwl* pnwy|l {nkn enagwl kl g|lm rlm{ckn bnmrclm{l lm

ljji mlblriwcialm{l pnw |mi bnr{|agwl mibcki kl ji mlblrckik kl ngwiw* sim{lwcnw i {nki lrplb|jibcm- Pnw {im{n* ji blw{ck|agwl y|l rl wly|clwl piwibnmrcklwiw wln i |m enagwl* lr ji acrai y|l kl{lwacmi i {nkn enagwl lm jnrib{nr ar capnw{im{lr kl ji vcki- Jir pw|lgir kl |m kljc{n p|lklm kcr{cmh|cwrllm plwflb{ir l caplwflb{ir- Bnmrcklwn plwflb{ir jir y|l lubj|slm ji pnrcgcjckikkl y|l ijh|clm mn rli wln kl jn y|l rl jl i{wcg|sl? l caplwflb{ir jir y|l mn jilubj|slm- Kl lm{wl jir pwcalwir* |mi rnji lr r|fcbclm{l piwi ji bnmklmi? kl jirrlh|mkir* rnm mlblriwcir piwi ljjn {im{ir b|im{ir gir{lm i fnwaiw |miplwflb{i- Lr klbcw* y|l rc lm biki |mi kl r{ir lm piw{cb|jiw lr pnrcgjl y|lijh|clm mn rli wln* alkcim{l ji |mcm lm{wl r rngwl lj acran r|dl{n lrcapnrcgjl y|l mn jn rli- Ngrwvlrl y|l jir pw|lgir caplwflb{ir* kl jir b|ijlr

lj wln p|lkl d|r{cfcbiwrl* rl eiblm plwflb{ir rc lj r|dl{n rngwl y|clm wlbilmkldi kl eiblwjn- Plwn lr{i blw{ck|agwl anwij kl jir pw|lgir lr ar fbcj klrlm{cw y|l kl klfcmcw bnm luib{c{|k- Pnw jn b|ij sn bwln p{cai ji jls y|llr{igjlbl y|l lj d|lt pwcmbcpij rl eijjl ircr{ckn kl irlrnwlr {naiknr i jir|lw{l* s mn pnw ljlbbcm* p|lr lm lr{l birn rlw ar rlh|wi ji chmnwimbci y|ld|thi pnw rlm{caclm{nr y|l ji bclmbci* y|l d|thi pnw npcmcm- B|imkn jir jlslrrnm bjiwir s pwlbcrir* ji f|mbcm klj d|lt mn bnmrcr{l ar y|l lm bnapwngiw |melben- Rc piwi g|rbiw jir pw|lgir kl |m kljc{n rl wly|clwl eigcjckik s klr{wlti*rc piwi pwlrlm{iw lj wlr|j{ikn kl ljjir pwlbcri bjiwckik s pwlbcrcm* piwi d|thiwklj wlr|j{ikn acran kl jir bnrir* rjn rl mlblrc{i |m g|lm rlm{ckn rcapjl snwkcmiwcn* almnr fijit y|l lj kl |m d|lt ibnr{|agwikn i vlw wlnr lm {nkn birns y|l jn wlk|bl {nkn i |m rcr{lai nwkcmiwcn {naikn i pwr{ian kl r|rlr{|kcnr- Fljct ji mibcm lm y|l jir jlslr mn rlim |mi bclmbci)

Lr |mi jls |{cjrcai iy|jji rlhm ji b|ij {nkn enagwl klgl rlw d|thikn pnwr|r ch|ijlr* pnwy|l b|imkn rl {wi{i kl ji jcglw{ik s fnw{|mi kl |m bc|kikimn*klglm bijjiw {nknr jnr rlm{caclm{nr y|l cmrpcwi ji klrch|ijkik* kikn y|l lm ljd|cbcn mn klglm ngwiw mc ji r|plwcnwckik bnm y|l lj enagwl ifnw{|mikn acwi ijcmfljct mc lj klrkm bnm y|l lj cmflwcnw acwi ij r|plwcnw- Plwn b|imkn lj kljc{nrli |mi nflmri i {lwblwn* lm{nmblr lj d|lt klglwi rlw* pnw ac{ik* piw{l klj wlns piw{l klj nflmkckn- Lm{nmblr* lr{imkn bnm{wigijimbliknr {nknr jnr cm{lwlrlr

piw{cb|jiwlr* y|l ankcfcbim* cmbj|rn cmvnj|m{iwcialm{l* jir ipiwclmbcir kl jirbnrir* rjn eigjiwim jir jlslr s ji vlwkik- [iagcm lr bnmfnwal i d|r{cbci y|llj wln p|lki lubj|cw eir{i |m bclw{n p|m{n i jnr y|l jl rlim rnrplbenrnr s y|llr{i wlb|ribcm rl jl bnmblki rcm ngr{b|jn pnw ijhm {clapn* bnm jn b|ij bircpiwlblw y|l lj wln rl bnmklmi pnw r acran- Pgjcbnr klglm rlw jnr d|cbcnr spgjcbir jir pw|lgir klj kljc{n* piwi y|l ji npcmcm* y|l ibirn rli lj blalm{nmcbn kl ji rnbclkik* capnmhi |m fwlmn i ji f|lwti s i jir pircnmlr? piwi y|l ljp|lgjn kchi y|l mn lr lrbjivn s y|l rl lmb|lm{wi klflmkckn4 rlm{caclm{n y|lcmrpcwi vijnw s y|l ly|cvijl i |m {wcg|{n piwi |m rnglwimn y|l bnapwlmkl r|rvlwkiklwnr cm{lwlrlr- Mn iikcw ar kl{ijjlr mc bi|{ljir kl jir y|l wly|clwlmrlaldim{lr cmr{c{|bcnmlr- Mn eigwi kcben miki rc f|lrl mlblriwcn klbcwjn {nkn-


17/65

Kl jnr {lr{chnr

\m p|m{n a|s bnmrcklwigjl lm {nki g|lmi jlhcrjibcm lr lj kl kl{lwacmiw bnmluib{c{|k ji bwlkcgcjckik kl jnr {lr{canmcnr s jir pw|lgir klj kljc{n- [nknenagwl wibcnmij* y|clwn klbcw* y|l {lmhi bclw{i bnmlucm lm{wl r|r cklir sb|sir rlmribcnmlr rlim bnmfnwalr i jir kl jnr klar enagwlr* p|lkl rlw{lr{chn- Ji vlwkiklwi alkcki kl r| bwlkcgcjckik* n rli kl ji i{lmbcm y|lp|lkl alwlblw ji klpnrcbcm r|si* mn lr n{wi rcmn lj cm{lwr y|l {lmhi lmklbcw* n mn klbcw* ji vlwkik? kl r|lw{l y|l lr fwvnjn lj an{cvn kl wle|riw lj

{lr{canmcn kl jir a|dlwlr pnw bi|ri kl r| pwnpci klgcjckik? p|lwcj ji ipjcbibcmi jnr bnmklmiknr kl jnr lflb{nr kl ji a|lw{l wlij i ji bcvcj l cmbnelwlm{l jimn{i kl cmfiaci i jnr cmfialr b|imkn mn {lmhim cm{lwr ijh|mn lm alm{cw- Lm{wljnr ig|rnr kl ji hwia{cbi y|l eim cmfj|kn mn pnbn lm jnr ir|m{nr e|aimnr*lr mn{igjl lj y|l eibi m|ji l cmlfcbit ji klpnrcbcm kl |m wln si bnmklmikn-Jnr d|wcrbnmr|j{nr plwcpi{{cbnr klbim y|l lj wln si bnmklmikn lr{igi a|lw{nbcvcjalm{l s y|l |m a|lw{n mn lr bipit kl ibbcm ijh|mi- Pnw rnr{lmlw lr{igwgiwi al{fnwi* rl ei ribwcfcbikn i a|beir vb{cair s a|s i alm|kn s bnmrlwci wlfjlucm rl ei kcrp|{ikn rc ji vlwkik klgclwi blklw im{l jir fwa|jird|kcbcijlr- Bnm {ij kl y|l jir klpnrcbcnmlr kl |m wln bnmklmikn mn jjlh|lm i|m p|m{n y|l bclwwl lj pirn kl ji d|r{cbci> pnw y| mn eigwi kl bnmblklwrl*cmbj|rn klrp|r kl ji bnmklmi* {im{n i ji lu{wlaiki acrlwci klj wln bnan ijcm{lwr kl ji rnbclkik* |m lrpibcn r|fcbclm{lalm{l lmwhcbn y|l* ik|bclmknbnrir m|lvir y|l biagcirlm ji mi{|wijlti klj elben* p|lkim d|r{cfcbiw ij wlnacran n i n{wn bnm |m m|lvn d|cbcn> Jir fnwaijckiklr s blwlanmcir rnmmlblriwcir lm ji ikacmcr{wibcm kl ji d|r{cbci* {im{n pnwy|l mn kldlm miki ijiwgc{wcn kl ji ikacmcr{wibcm b|im{n pnwy|l kim ckli ij p|lgjn kl jn y|l lr |m d|cbcn mn {|a|j{|nrn mc cm{lwlrikn* rcmn lr{igjl s wlh|jiw* ir bnan {iagcmpnwy|l lm jnr enagwlr* y|l rnm cac{iknwlr s lrbjivnr kl jir bnr{|agwlr*eiblm ar lfcbit capwlrcm jir rlmribcnmlr y|l jnr wibcnbcmcnr- Plwn i almnrkl bnwwlw |m pljchwn fi{ij* lr{ir fnwaijckiklr s blwlanmcir m|mbi pnkwm rlw

fcdikir pnw ji jls kl |mi aimlwi y|l plwd|kcy|l i ji vlwkik* ji b|ij* pnw rlwklaircikn rlmbcjji n klaircikn bnapjcbiki* mlblrc{i kl ijh|mi pnapilu{lwcnw y|l ji bnmbcjcl bnm lj p|lgjn chmnwim{l- Ir p|lr* ji bwlkcgcjckik kl |m{lr{chn {lmkw y|l kcracm|cw lm pwnpnwbcm bnm lj nkcn* ji iacr{ik n jirwljibcnmlr lr{wlbeir y|l alkclm lm{wl j s lj wln- Lr mlblriwcn y|l eijji arkl |m {lr{chn* pnwy|l aclm{wir |mn ifcwai s n{wn mclhi* miki eis kl bclw{n spwlvijlbl lj klwlben kl y|l {nknr klglm rlw bwlknr cmnblm{lr- Ji bwlkcgcjckikkl |m {lr{chn rl eibl {im{n ar rlmrcgjlalm{l almnw b|im{n ar bwlbl jii{wnbckik kl |m kljc{n* n ji cmvlwnrcacjc{|k kl r|r bcwb|mr{imbcir- [ijlr rnm* pnwldlapjn* ji aihci s jnr ib{nr hwi{|c{ialm{l bw|ljlr- Lr a|s pwngigjl y|l jnrenagwlr aclm{im lm ji pwcalwi ib|ribcm* pnwy|l lr ar fbcj y|l rl

bnagcmlm lm viwcnr r|dl{nr ji cj|rcm kl ji chmnwimbci n lj nkcn plwrlh|cknw*y|l mn y|l |m enagwl ldlwti |mi pn{lr{ik y|l Kcnr mn ei kikn n y|l ei


18/65

y|c{ikn i {nkn rlw bwlikn- Klj acran ankn* lm ji rlh|mki* pnwy|l lj enagwlrjn lr bw|lj lm pwnpnwbcm bnm r| cm{lwr* pwnpcn* bnm lj enwwnw n bnm lj {lanwbnmblkckn- Eigjimkn pwnpcialm{l* mn eis mcmhm rlm{caclm{n r|plwfj|n lm ljenagwl? lj rlm{caclm{n lr rclapwl pwnpnwbcnmij ij wlr|j{ikn kl jir capwlrcnmlrrngwl jnr rlm{cknr- Klj acran ankn* ji bwlkcgcjckik kl |m {lr{chn p|lkl

kcracm|cw ijh|mir vlblr* b|imkn lj {lr{chn plw{lmltbi i ijh|mi rnbclkikpiw{cb|jiw b|snr |rnr s aucair rlim mn gclm bnmnbcknr n kcr{cm{nr kl jnrpgjcbnr- \m r|dl{n kl lr{i bjirl* {lmkw mn rjn r|r pircnmlr pwnpcir* rcmn{iagcm jir idlmir-

Fcmijalm{l* lr birc m|ji ji bwlkcgcjckik kl |m {lr{chn b|imkn rl wlfclwi i jirpijigwir y|l p|lkim alkciw lm |m kljc{n* pnwy|l lj {nmn s lj hlr{n* {nkniy|ljjn y|l pwlblkl n y|l rch|l i jir kcflwlm{lr cklir y|l jnr enagwlr |mlm ijir acrair pijigwir* ij{lwim s ankcfcbim kl {ij ankn jnr kcbenr kl |m enagwly|l lr birc capnrcgjl wlpl{cwjir {ij bnan f|lwnm pwnm|mbcikir- Iklar* jiribbcnmlr vcnjlm{ir s f|lwi klj |rn nwkcmiwcn* bnan rnm jnr vlwkiklwnr kljc{nr*

kldim e|ljjir kl r* bnm ji a|j{c{|k kl bcwb|mr{imbcir s lflb{nr wlr|j{im{lr? sb|im{n ar malwn kl bcwb|mr{imbcir rl ik|tbim bnan pw|lgi* {im{n aisnwlralkcnr kl d|r{cfcbiwrl rl r|acmcr{wim ij wln- Plwn jir pijigwir rjn y|lkim lmji alanwci* y|l birc rclapwl lr cmfclj s y|l i alm|kn r|fwl ji rlk|bbcm kljnr y|l jir lrb|beim? pnw lrn lr a|ben air fbcj |mi bij|amci rngwl jirpijigwir kl |m enagwl* y|l mn rngwl r|r ib{nr-

Ib|ribcnmlr rlbwl{ir

Klrwklmlr lvcklm{lr* i|my|l bnmrihwiknr s y|l lm a|beir mibcnmlr rl eimelben mlblriwcnr pnw ji klgcjckik kl r| pwnpci bnmr{c{|bcm* rnm jirib|ribcnmlr rlbwl{ir- Lr{i bnr{|agwl eibl i jnr enagwlr fijrnr srca|jiknwlr* pnwy|l b|ijy|clwi kl ljjnr p|lkl rnrplbeiw lm{wl jnr klar |mklji{nw* lr klbcw* |m lmlachn? s lm{nmblr jnr enagwlr rl ibnr{|agwim ikcrfwitiw r|r rlm{caclm{nr* lrbnmkcmknjnr i jnr klar* bnm jn y|l* fcmijalm{l*jjlhim i lrlbnmkwrljnr i r acranr- Cmfljcblr jnr enagwlr b|imkn eimjjlhikn i {im{n) Rcm pwcmbcpcnr bjiwnr l cma|{igjlr y|l jlr h|lm* vihimlu{wivciknr s fj|b{|im{lr lm lj vir{n aiw kl jir npcmcnmlr* s rclapwl nb|piknrlm rijviwrl kl jnr anmr{w|nr y|l jlr ialmitim* pirim biki |mn kl jnranalm{nr pwlrlm{lr iaiwhiknr rclapwl pnw ji cmblw{ck|agwl klj f|{|wn?

pwcviknr kl jnr pjiblwlr k|wiklwnr kl ji {wimy|cjckik s ji rlh|wckik* {im rjnijh|mnr kl ljjnr* kcrplwrnr ib s ijj lm ji {wcr{l vcki y|l jjlvim* klvnwiknr pnwji pwcri s lj klrnwklm kl r| lucr{lmbci* rl bnmr|ljim kl eiglw vcvckn- Seiwlanr mnrn{wnr kl lr{i bjirl kl enagwlr jnr rnjkiknr cm{wpcknr klflmrnwlrkl ji pi{wci s klj {wnmn> Lmbnm{wiwlanr lm{wl ljjnr i jnr cmbnww|p{cgjlraihcr{wiknr y|l bnm jcgwl s pi{wc{cbi ljnb|lmbci rnr{lmhim s klriwwnjjlm jnrvlwkiklwnr cm{lwlrlr klj rnglwimn s y|l jjlvlm ij {wnmn* bnm r|r {wcg|{nr* ljianw s jir glmkcbcnmlr kl {nknr* bnmy|cr{imkn piwi jnr pijibcnr s jir bigiirji pit* ji rlh|wckik s ji cmk|r{wcnri lrplwimti kl aldnwiw ji r|lw{l* flwalm{n{cj s vcki kl jnr Lr{iknr>

Y|cm rlw lj y|l p|lki klflmklwrl kl ji bij|amci iwaiki bnm lj ar f|lw{llrb|kn kl ji {cwimi* y|l lr lj rlbwl{n> y| lrplbcl kl hngclwmn rlw iy|j


19/65

y|l y|clm jl wcdi rnrplbel y|l {clml |m lmlachn lm biki |mn kl r|r rgkc{nr*vcmknrl ngjchikn* piwi lj wlpnrn pgjcbn* i y|c{wrljn i biki b|ij>

B|jlr rnm jnr an{cvnr y|l d|r{cfcbim jir ib|ribcnmlr s jir plmir rlbwl{ir>ji rij|k pgjcbi* ji rlh|wckik* lj aim{lmcaclm{n kl ji fnwai kl hngclwmn>

Plwn y| lu{wii bnmr{c{|bcm iy|jji lm y|l lj y|l lr k|ln kl ji f|lwti skl ji npcmcm* ar lfcbit y|l iy|jji* {lal kl biki bc|kikimn) Jicmklamckik klj ib|riknw> Lm{nmblr lr y|l jir jlslr mn jl klfclmklmr|fcbclm{lalm{l s y|l jnr rgkc{nr rnm ar f|lw{lr y|l lj rnglwimn- Jicmfiaci klj klji{nw> J|lhn lm{nmblr rl i|{nwcti ji bij|amci rlbwl{i s rlbir{chi i ji pgjcbi) Ji mi{|wijlti klj kljc{n) Rc jir ibbcnmlr cmkcflwlm{lr* rceir{i jir y|l rlim {cjlr ij pgjcbn rl jjiaim kljc{nr* jir ib|ribcnmlr s jnr d|cbcnr m|mbi rnm r|fcbclm{lalm{l rlbwl{nr- Pnkw eiglw kljc{nr* lr klbcw*nflmrir pgjcbir* lm y|l ij acran {clapn mn rli kl cm{lwr piwi {nknr jip|gjcbckik klj ldlapjn* n rli ji klj d|cbcn> Sn wlrpl{n {nkn hngclwmn* rcm eigjiwkl mcmh|mn lm piw{cb|jiw- [ij lr i vlblr ji mi{|wijlti kl jir bcwb|mr{imbcir*

y|l p|lkl {naiwrl bnan birn kl lu{wlai w|cmi r|pwcacw |m aij b|imkn r{lrli cmelwlm{l ij rcr{lai kl |mi mibcm- Plwn rc sn {|vclrl y|l kcb{iw jlslrm|lvir lm b|ijy|clw igimknmikn wcmbm klj \mcvlwrn* im{lr kl i|{nwctiwbnr{|agwl bnan r{i al {lagjiwi ji aimn* {lmclmkn {nki ji pnr{lwckik im{lacr ndnr-

Ei kcben Anm{lry|cl| y|l jir ib|ribcnmlr pgjcbir rnm ar bnmfnwalr i jiWlpgjcbi* lm y|l lj gclm pgjcbn klgl rlw ji pwcalwi pircm kl jnrbc|kikimnr* y|l i ji Anmiwy|i* lm y|l lr{l rlm{caclm{n lr a|s kgcj* pnwwitm kl ji mi{|wijlti acrai klj hngclan* s knmkl lr |mi cmr{c{|bcm p{cai jikl bwliw bnacriwcnr y|l lm mnagwl pgjcbn ldlwtim ji ib|ribcm bnm{wi jnrcmfwib{nwlr kl jir jlslr- Plwn {nkn hngclwmn* rli wlp|gjcbimn n anmwy|cbn*klgl capnmlw ij bij|amciknw ji plmi y|l bnwwlrpnmklwi ij ib|rikn-

Pwlh|m{ir r|hlr{cvir- Kcrpnrcbcnmlr

M|lr{wir jlslr pwnecglm jir pwlh|m{ir y|l jjiaim r|hlr{cvir lm |m pwnblrn?lr klbcw* iy|jjir y|l* rlhm kcblm jnr knb{nwlr* cm{lwwnhim rngwl ji lrplbcl*

b|imkn klglm cm{lwwnhiw rngwl lj hmlwn lm jir bcwb|mr{imbcir kl |m kljc{n? jirpwlh|m{ir* pnw {im{n* y|l* {lmclmkn |mi bnmlucm cmalkci{i bnm lj kljc{n*r|hclwim ij wln |mi wlrp|lr{i cmalkci{i- Rlhm jnr bwcacmijcr{ir* jir pwlh|m{irklglm* pnw klbcwjn ir* lmvnjvlw lrpcwijalm{l ij elben* lm vlt kl kcwchcwrl i jlm jmli wlb{i- Jnr an{cvnr kl lr{l a{nkn nglklblm i mn r|hlwcw ij wln |miwlrp|lr{i y|l jl lupnmhi i ji ib|ribcm* n ibirn {iagcm pnwy|l piwlblbnm{wi mi{|wijlti y|l lj wln rl ib|rl cmalkci{ialm{l pnw r acran-B|ijy|clwi y|l rli lj aldnw kl lr{nr knr an{cvnr* lr kl mn{iw ji bnm{wikcbbcmkl jir jlslr y|l i|{nwctim lj {nwalm{n i ji vlt y|l ji bnr{|agwl kl y|leigjianr* pnwy|l pnkw eiglw ijh|mi pwlh|m{i ar r|hlr{cvi y|l lj knjnw>Lj pwcalwn kl lr{nr an{cvnr rl pwlrlm{i lm lj {nwalm{n* pnwy|l lj knjnw

r|hlwcw ij enagwl wng|r{n |mi {ibc{|wmckik ngr{cmiki* i fcm kl biagciw ji plmiaisnw bnm ji almnw* s lm biagcn* ij enagwl kgcj jl r|hlwcw ji bnmflrcm* piwi


20/65

jcgwiwrl klj {nwalm{n pwlrlm{l* ar lfcbit lm{nmblr y|l mn lj knjnw vlmcklwn- Ljrlh|mkn an{cvn lr lvcklm{lalm{l lj acran* pnwy|l rc |mi pwlh|m{i lrplbcijeibl bnmflriw ij wln* bnm{wi lj klwlben kl mi{|wijlti* jnr lrpiranr klj knjnwpwnk|bcwm lr{l acran lflb{n bnm aisnw fibcjckik? plwn jnr enagwlr rlhngclwmim ar pnw ji kcflwlmbci kl jnr mnagwlr y|l pnw ji kl jir bnrir-

Fcmijalm{l* iy|j y|l rl ngr{cmirl lm mn wlrpnmklw i jir pwlh|m{ir y|l rl jlkcwchlm* alwlbl |mi plmi fcdiki pnw jir jlslr* s plmi kl jir ar hwivlr y|l rljl cm{calm* piwi y|l jnr enagwlr mn eihim fwibiriw ji mlblrckik klj ldlapjny|l klglm ij pgjcbn- Lr{i plmi mn rlw mlblriwci b|imkn rli cmk|kigjl y|l|m kl{lwacmikn ib|rikn eisi bnal{ckn |m kl{lwacmikn kljc{n* kl ankn y|ljir pwlh|m{ir rlim cm{cjlr* kl ch|ij aimlwi y|l lr cm{cj ji bnmflrcm klj kljc{nb|imkn eis n{wir pw|lgir y|l d|r{cfcy|lm ji b|jpigcjckik klj r|dl{n- Lr{l j{canbirn lr lj nwkcmiwcn* pnwy|l ji luplwclmbci lmrli y|l lm ji aisnw piw{l kl jnrpwnblrnr jnr wlnr rl aim{clmlm lm |mi pnrcbcm mlhi{cvi-

Kl jnr d|wialm{nr

\mi bnm{wikcbbcm lm{wl jir jlslr s jnr rlm{alm{nr mi{|wijlr klj enagwl miblklj d|wialm{n y|l rl luchl ij wln* piwi y|l rli vlwit iy|j y|l {clml lj aisnwcm{lwr lm rlw fijrn? bnan rc jnr enagwlr p|kclrlm d|wiw bnm{wcg|slmkn i r|pwnpci klr{w|bbcm* bnan rc ji wljchcm mn bijjirl* lm ji aisnwi kl jnrenagwlr* b|imkn eigji lj cm{lwr- Ji luplwclmbci kl {nknr jnr rchjnr ei elbenvlw b|m{n rl ei ig|rikn kl lr{l pwlbcnrn knm klj Bcljn- S pnw y| an{cvn

eigwim kl wlrpl{iwjl jnr aijviknr* rc jnr enagwlr {lmcknr pnw ar pw|klm{lrjl eim cmfwcmhckn bnm fwlb|lmbci> Rnm a|s kgcjlr* pnw eijjiwrl a|s wlan{nr kljnr rlm{cknr* pnw jn almnr piwi ji aisnwi* jnr an{cvnr y|l ji wljchcmbnm{wipnml ij {|a|j{n klj {lanw s ij ianw i ji vcki- Jnr ir|m{nr klj Bcljn rlwchlm pnw jlslr a|s kcr{cm{ir kl jir y|l hngclwmim jnr ir|m{nr e|aimnr- Pnwy| bnapwnal{lw jnr |mnr bnm jnr n{wnr> pnw y| bnjnbiw i |m enagwl lm ji{lwcgjl bnmkcbcm kl fij{iw i Kcnr n kl bnm{wcg|cw i r| pwnpci w|cmi> Ji jls y|lngjch|l i {ij d|wialm{n* aimkiw i ji vlt rlw n |m aij bwcr{cimn n |m aw{cw-Pnbn i pnbn* lj d|wialm{n rl vi bnmvcw{clmkn lm |mi rcapjl fnwaijckik* bnm jnb|ij rl klr{w|sl i ji vlt ji f|lwti kl jnr rlm{caclm{nr s ji kl ji witm* mcbipwlmki kl enmwiklt kl ji aisnw piw{l kl jnr enagwlr- Ji cm|{cjckik kl jnrd|wialm{nr ji ei elben vlw cm{cjlr* s pnw bnmrch{9lm{l plwd|kcbcijlr* {nkir jirjlslr y|l rl npnmlm i jnr rlm{caclm{nr mi{|wijlr klj enagwl- R|blkl bnm ljjnrjn acran y|l bnm jn y|l nb|wwl bnm jnr kcy|lr np|lr{nr kcwlb{ialm{l ij b|wrnkl |m wn* s y|l pwnm{n rnm klr{w|cknr n r|plwiknr* n gclm |m wlanjcmn fnwaiknpnw jir ih|ir jnr bnwwnl s acmi cmrlmrcgjlalm{l-

Klj {nwalm{n


21/65

\mi bw|ljkik* bnmrihwiki pnw lj |rn kl ji aisnw piw{l kl jir mibcnmlr* lr lj{nwalm{n klj wln aclm{wir rl cmr{w|sl lj pwnblrn* gclm piwi ngjchiwjl i bnmflriwlj kljc{n* gclm pnw bi|ri kl jir bnm{wikcbbcnmlr lm y|l eisi pnkckn cmb|wwcw* npiwi klrb|gwcw jnr bapjcblr y|l p|lki eiglw {lmckn* n pnw bclw{i al{ifrcbi lcmbnapwlmrcgjl p|whibcm kl cmfiaci* n* fcmijalm{l* pnw n{wnr kljc{nr lm y|l

p|kclwi eiglw cmb|wwckn* i|m b|imkn mn rl jl ib|riwi kl ljjnr-

Mn p|lkl jjiaiwrl wln i |m enagwl im{lr kl ji rlm{lmbci klj d|lt* mc jirnbclkik p|lkl r|pwcacwjl ji pwn{lbbcm pgjcbi ar y|l b|imkn lr{l wlr|lj{ny|l iy|lj enagwl ei vcnjikn jnr pib{nr bnm jnr b|ijlr rl jl bnmblkc jiacrai- B|j lr* p|lr* lj klwlben* rc mn lj kl ji f|lwti* y|l bnmblkl i |m d|ltji fib|j{ik kl plmiw i |m bc|kikimn aclm{wir rl k|ki rc lr vlwkiklwialm{lwln n cmnblm{l> Mn lr m|lvn lj rch|clm{l kcjlai4 n lj kljc{n lr bclw{n* n cmbclw{n4rc lr bclw{n* mn jl bnmvclml n{wi plmi rcmn ji y|l lr{ lr{igjlbcki pnw jir jlslr*rclmkn cm{cjlr jnr {nwalm{nr* pnwy|l lr cm{cj ji bnmflrcm klj wln? rc lj kljc{n lrcmbclw{n* mn rl klgl i{nwalm{iw i |m cmnblm{l* p|lr {ij lr* rlhm jir jlslr*

{nkn enagwl i y|clm mn rl jl ei pwngikn kljc{n ijh|mn-

B|j lr lj fcm pnj{cbn kl jir plmir> Lj {lwwnw kl jnr klar enagwlr- Plwnban klglwlanr d|thiw mnrn{wnr jir rlbwl{ir s piw{cb|jiwlr bw|ljkiklr y|l ji{cwimi klj |rn ldlwbl rngwl jnr wlnr s jnr cmnblm{lr> Capnw{i y|l {nkn kljc{nlvcklm{l mn y|lkl cap|ml- Plwn lr cm{cj y|l rl wlvljl y|clm eisi bnal{ckn |mkljc{n y|l lr{ rlp|j{ikn lm jir {cmclgjir- \m aij si elben s piwi lj y|l mn eiswlalkcn* mn p|lkl rlw plmikn pnw ji rnbclkik pnj{cbi ar y|l lm b|im{ncmfj|si rngwl jnr klar bnm lj i{wib{cvn kl ji cap|mckik- Rc lr bclw{n y|l lraisnw lj malwn kl jnr enagwlr y|l wlrpl{im jir jlslr* pnw {lanw n pnw vcw{|k*y|l lj kl jnr y|l jir y|lgwim{im* lj wclrhn kl i{nwalm{iw i |m cmnblm{l klglipwlbciwrl {im{n ar b|im{n aisnw rli ji pwngigcjckik kl y|l |m enagwl* lmch|ijkik kl {wacmnr* aldnw jir eisi wlrpl{ikn y|l klrpwlbcikn-

Plwn iklar* sn iikcw y|l lr pwl{lmklw bnmf|mkcw {nkir jir wljibcnmlr*luchcw y|l |m enagwl rli ij acran {clapn ib|rikn s ib|riknw s y|l lj knjnwrl bnmvclw{i lm lj bwcrnj kl ji vlwkik* bnan rc lj bwc{lwcn kl ljji wlrckclwi lm jnrarb|jnr s fcgwir kl |m pngwl enagwl-

Ji jls y|l nwklmi lj {nwalm{n* lr |mi jls y|l kcbl4 Enagwlr* wlrcr{ck lj knjnw?s rc ji mi{|wijlti ei bwlikn lm vnrn{wnr |m cmlu{cmh|cgjl ianw pwnpcn* rc nr ei

bnmblkckn |m klwlben cmijclmigjl i klflmklwnr* sn vns i bwliw lm vnrn{wnr |miflb{n lm{lwialm{l bnm{wiwcn* lr klbcw* |m nkcn elwncbn eibci vnrn{wnr acranr*s nr aimkn y|l nr ib|rcr* kcbclmkn ji vlwkik* i|my|l rli lm{wl ljklrhiwwiaclm{n kl jnr arb|jnr s lj y|lgwim{iaclm{n kl jnr e|lrnr - Lr{lcmfial bwcrnj kl ji vlwkik lr |m anm|alm{n im lm pcl* kl ji jlhcrjibcmim{ch|i s rijvidl* b|imkn rl jjiaigi d|cbcnr kl Kcnr i jir pw|lgir klj f|lhn sklj ih|i ecwvclm{l s i ji cmbclw{i r|lw{l kl jir ijair* bnan rc jnr lrjignmlr klji l{lwmi biklmi y|l cmrckl lm lj rlmn kl ji Witm Pwcalwi i biki cmr{im{lklgclrlm rnj{iwrl s klrnwklmiwrl pnw jir fwvnjir bwlibcnmlr e|aimir- Jimcbi kcflwlmbci y|l alkci lm{wl lj {nwalm{n s jir pw|lgir klj f|lhn s kljih|i* lr y|l lj uc{n klj pwcalwn klplmklw rclapwl kl ji vnj|m{ik klj wln*

aclm{wir y|l lj kl jir rlh|mkir klglw i{wcg|cwrl i |m elben p|wialm{l frcbns lu{wmrlbn? plwn lr{i kcflwlmbci lr rjn ipiwlm{l* s mn wlij* p|lr {iapnbn lj


22/65

enagwl lr jcgwl kl klbjiwiw ji vlwkik lm{wl jnr lrpiranr s jnr klr{wntnr*bnan mn jn lwi lm{nmblr caplkcw rcm fwi|kl ijh|mn jnr lflb{nr klj f|lhn s kljih|i ecwvclm{l- [nkn ib{n kl m|lr{wi vnj|m{ik lr pwnpnwbcnmikn rclapwl i jif|lwti kl ji capwlrcm rlmrcgjl kl y|l laimi* p|lr ji rlmrcgcjckik kl {nknenagwl lr jcac{iki- Pnw {im{n* ji capwlrcm klj knjnw p|lkl bwlblw i alkcki

y|l* nb|pmknji {nki* mn kldl n{wi jcglw{ik ij i{nwalm{ikn y|l ji kl ljlhcw ljbiacmn ar bnw{n piwi r|r{wilwrl kl ji plmi lm lj analm{n pwlrlm{l-Lm{nmblr ji wlrp|lr{i klj wln lr {im mlblriwci bnan jir capwlrcnmlr klj f|lhnn klj ih|i lm lr{l birn- Lj cmnblm{l y|l rli rlmrcgjl* rlw jjiaikn wln*b|imkn j bwli y|l bnm lr{n p|lkl eiblw blriw lj {nwalm{n- [nki kcflwlmbcilm{wl ljjn klripiwlbl pnw ji ibbcm klj acran alkcn y|l rl pwl{lmkl lapjliwpiwi eijjiwji- Lr{l lr lj alkcn rlh|wn kl igrnjvlw i jnr aijviknr wng|r{nr skl bnmklmiw i jnr cmnblm{lr kgcjlr- [ijlr rnm jnr fi{ijlr cmbnmvlmclm{lr kllr{l pwl{lmkckn bwc{lwcn kl vlwkik* plwn bwc{lwcn kchmn kl |m bimgij* y|l jnrwnaimnr* gwgiwnr {iagcm pnw ar kl |m an{cvn* wlrlwvigim {im rjn i jnrlrbjivnr* vb{cair kl |mi vcw{|k flwnt klaircikn ijigiki-

Kl knr enagwlr ch|ijalm{l cmnblm{lr* n ch|ijalm{l wlnr* lj wng|r{n s imcanrnrlw igr|lj{n* lj kgcj s {ackn rlw bnmklmikn* lm vcw{|k kl lr{l witnmiaclm{nluib{n4 Sn* y|l rns v|lr{wn d|lt* klgn bnmrcklwiwnr wln kl {ij kljc{n? {*vchnwnrn* eir rigckn wlrcr{cw ij knjnw* s pnw ljjn {l igr|ljvn? {* kgcj* eirblkckn gidn j* s pnw ljjn {l bnmklmn- Bwln y|l ji bnmflrcm iwwimbiki lm{wl{nwalm{nr* biwlbl kl f|lwti ijh|mi* plwn nr vnjvlw i i{nwalm{iw rc mnbnmfcwacr jn y|l eigcr bnmflrikn-

Kl ankn y|l lj uc{n klj {nwalm{n lr ir|m{n kl {laplwialm{n s kl bjb|jn*y|l viwi lm jnr enagwlr i alkcki kl ji wng|r{lt s rlmrcgcjckik? {im{n lr ir*y|l bnm lr{l a{nkn* |m ai{la{cbn wlrnjvlwi aldnw y|l |m d|lt lr{lpwngjlai4 Kiki ji fnw{ijlti kl jnr arb|jnr s ji rlmrcgcjckik kl jir fcgwir kl|m cmnblm{l* eijjiw lj hwikn kl knjnw y|l jl eiw bnmflriwrl wln kl |m kljc{n-

Ji cmkihi{nwci klj wln rl eibl piwi bnmnblw ji vlwkik- Plwn rc lr{i vlwkikkcfbcjalm{l p|lkl klrb|gwcwrl lm lj irplb{n* lm lj hlr{n* lm ji fcrnmnai kl |menagwl {wimy|cjn* a|ben almnr rl klrb|gwcw lm |m enagwl lm y|clm jirbnmv|jrcnmlr klj knjnw ij{lwlm {nknr jnr rchmnr pnw jnr b|ijlr* i plriw r|sn* jivlwkik {wimrpcwi lm ji aisnwi kl jnr enagwlr- [nki ibbcm vcnjlm{i bnmf|mkls eibl klripiwlblw jir kcflwlmbcir amcair lm{wl jnr ngdl{nr pnw jnr b|ijlr i

vlblr rl kcr{cmh|l jn vlwkiklwn kl jn fijrn-\mi bnmrlb|lmbci lu{wii y|l klwcvi mlblriwcialm{l klj |rn klj {nwalm{n* lry|l ij cmnblm{l rl jl bnjnbi lm plnw bnmkcbcm y|l ij wln* pnwy|l rc rl ipjcbi lj{nwalm{n i jnr knr* lj pwcalwn {clml {nkir jir bnagcmibcnmlr lm r| bnm{wi*p|lr* n bnmfclri lj kljc{n* s lr bnmklmikn lm{nmblr* n rc rl jl klbjiwi cmnblm{l*ei r|fwckn |mi plmi cmklgcki- Plwn lj wln b|lm{i bnm |m birn fivnwigCl piwi j*b|imkn* eigclmkn wlrcr{ckn lj {nwalm{n bnm fcwalti* klgi rlw klbjiwiknigr|lj{n bnan cmnblm{l* biagcimkn |mi plmi aisnw pnw n{wi almnw- Ir lry|l lj cmnblm{l rijl plwkclmkn rclapwl s lj b|jpigjl rijl himimkn-

Lm wlrnj|bcm* lr{i vlwkik ji bnapwlmklm* i|my|l bnmf|rialm{l* iy|ljjnracranr y|l rl ipiw{im kl ljji- Ji bnmflrcm pwlr{iki k|wim{l lj {nwalm{n* mn


23/65

lr vjcki rc* blrikn r{l* mn rl ji bnmfcwai klrp|r gidn d|wialm{n? plwn rc ljwln mn bnmfcwai r| klbjiwibcm k|wim{l lj {nwalm{n* rl jl rnal{l i {nwalm{nm|lvialm{l- Eis knb{nwlr s eis ijh|mir mibcnmlr y|l mn plwac{lm {im cmfialpl{cbcm kl pwcmbcpcn ar y|l pnw {wlr vlblr? plwn eis n{wir mibcnmlr sknb{nwlr y|l jn kldim ij ijglkwn klj d|lt-

Lr r|plwfj|n wlkngjiw ji cj|r{wibcm klj birn bc{imkn jnr cmm|alwigjlr ldlapjnrkl cmnblm{lr y|l rl bnmflriwnm wlnr lm{wl jnr lrpiranr klj {nwalm{n? mn eismibcm mc lkik y|l mn bc{l jnr r|snr? plwn mc jnr enagwlr biagcim mc bnrlbeimbnmrlb|lmbcir- Mn eis enagwl ijh|mn y|l eisi cap|jrikn r|r cklir ar ijjkl jir mlblrckiklr kl ji vcki* y|l ijh|mi vlt mn bnwwi eibci ji mi{|wijlti* y|ljl jjiai ir bnm vnblr rlbwl{ir s bnmf|rir? lj |rn* y|l lr {cwimn kl jiralm{ijckiklr* jl wlbeiti* ir|r{mknjl-

Lj rlh|mkn an{cvn lr lj {nwalm{n i y|l rl rnal{l i jnr pwlr|m{nr wlnr b|imkncmb|wwlm lm bnm{wikcbbcm? bnan rc lj {lanw i ji plmi* ji cmblw{ck|agwl klj

d|cbcn* lj ipiwi{n s aidlr{ik klj d|lt* ji chmnwimbci bnam i birc {nknr jnraijviknr s jnr cmnblm{lr* mn e|gclrlm kl eiblw bilw pwngigjlalm{l lmbnm{wikcbbcm ir ij cmnblm{l y|l {lal bnan ij wln y|l {wi{i kl klflmklwrl?bnan rc jir bnm{wikcbbcnmlr* bna|mlr i jnr enagwlr b|imkn lr{m {wimy|cjnr*mn klgclwim a|j{cpjcbiwrl lm ji {|wgibcm klj mcan* {nkn igrnw{n lm ji ckli klrijviwrl klj pljchwn cmacmlm{l-

[iagcm rl ki {nwalm{n piwi klrb|gwcw rc lj wln {clml i r| biwhn n{wnr kljc{nrkcr{cm{nr kl iy|jjnr kl y|l rl jl ib|ri* jn b|ij ly|cvijl i lr{l witnmiaclm{n4[ lwlr wln kl |m kljc{n* kl ankn y|l lr pnrcgjl y|l jn rlir kl n{wn bclm{n sbnan lr{i k|ki al i{nwalm{i* y|clwn rijcw kl ljji rcwvcmknal kl ac bwc{lwcn klvlwkik4 jir jlslr {l i{nwalm{im pnwy|l lwlr wln* pnwy|l p|lklr rlw wln*pnwy|l y|clwn y|l rlir wln-

Rl rnal{l i {nwalm{n i |m ib|rikn piwi klrb|gwcw jnr bapjcblr kl r| kljc{nplwn rc lr{ anr{wikn y|l lj {nwalm{n mn lr alkcn npnw{|mn piwi klrb|gwcw jivlwkik* ban rlwvcw piwi wlvljiw i jnr bapjcblr* y|l lr |mi kl jir vlwkiklry|l rl {wi{i kl klrb|gwcw> Bnan rc lj enagwl y|l rl ib|ri i r acran* mnib|riwi ar fbcjalm{l i jnr klar- S rlw d|r{n lm{nmblr i{nwalm{iw imikcl pnw jnr kljc{nr idlmnr> mn pnkw klrb|gwcwrl i jnr bapjcblr pnw jirklbjiwibcnmlr kl jnr {lr{chnr* pnw ji cmkihi{nwci klj wln* pnw jir pw|lgir* pnw lj

b|lwpn klj kljc{n* lm |mi pijigwi* pnw {nknr iy|ljjnr alkcnr y|l eim kl rlwvcwpiwi bnapwngiw lj kljc{n klj ib|rikn> Pnw jn hlmlwij* jnr bapjcblr e|slm {imj|lhn bnan bil lm pwcrcm r| bnapilwn? ji cmrlh|wckik kl r| r|lw{l jlrbnmklmi pnw r acranr ij klr{clwwn s jcgwi i ji mibcm klj pljchwn kl m|lvirnflmrir* lm {im{n y|l ji plmi klj wln* ib{|imkn bnm r| f|lwti rngwl j* ng{clmllj mcbn kl r|r fcmlr* y|l lr lj kl i{lwwnwctiw i jnr klar enagwlr* ijldmknjlrkl rlaldim{lr kljc{nr-

N{wn wckb|jn an{cvn klj {nwalm{n lr ji p|whibcm kl ji cmfiaci* rlhm ji b|ij ljenagwl i y|clm rl bnmrcklwi cmfial pnw jir jlslr* klgl bnmfcwaiw r|klpnrcbcm i bnr{i kl r|r pwnpcnr e|lrnr- Lr{l ig|rn mn klglwi {njlwiwrl si

lm lj rchjn UVCCC- Rl bwll y|l lj knjnw* y|l lr |mi rlmribcm* jcapci kl jicmfiaci y|l lr |mi alwi wljibcm anwij- Ibirn lj knjnw lr |m bwcrnj s ji


24/65

cmfiaci |m b|lwpn acu{n cap|wn> Plwn ji cmfiaci lr |m rlm{caclm{n y|l mn lr{rnal{ckn mc i jir jlslr mc i ji witm* rcmn {im rjn i ji npcmcm- Lj pwnpcn{nwalm{n nbircnmi i r| vb{cai |mi cmfiaci wlij- Kl aimlwi y|l bnm lr{la{nkn* rl {wi{i kl y|c{iw ji cmfiaci pwnk|bclmkn ji cmfiaci acrai-

Mn lr kcfbcj wlanm{iwrl i jnr nwhlmlr kl lr{i wckcb|ji jls kl p|whibcm kl jicmfiaci* pnwy|l jnr igr|wknr y|l iknp{i |mi mibcm lm{lwi {clmlm rclapwlijh|mi wljibcm bnm n{wir cklir bna|mlr wlrpl{ikir pnw ji pwnpci mibcm- Lr{ibnr{|agwl piwlbl pwnblklw kl jir cklir wljchcnrir s lrpcwc{|ijlr y|l {im{ncmfj|slm rngwl lj plmriaclm{n kl jnr enagwlr* rngwl jir mibcnmlr s rngwl jnrrchjnr- \m knhai cmfijcgjl mnr irlh|wi y|l jir aimbeir iky|cwckir pnw jiklgcjckik e|aimi s y|l mn eim alwlbckn lj lmndn l{lwmn klj Hwim Rlw* klglmp|whiwrl alkcim{l |m f|lhn cmbnapwlmrcgjl? ienwi gclm* ji cmfiaci lr |miaimbei bcvcj s ir bnan lj knjnw s lj f|lhn jcapcim jir aimbeir lrpcwc{|ijlr lcmbnwpwlir pnw y| jnr lrpiranr klj {nwalm{n mn gnwwiwm ji aimbei bcvcj klji cmfiaci> Sn bwln y|l ji bnmflrcm klj wln* y|l ijh|mnr {wcg|mijlr luchlm

bnan lrlmbcij i ji bnmklmi* {clml |m nwchlm rlaldim{l* pnwy|l lm lj ac{lwcnrn{wcg|mij kl ji plmc{lmbci* ji bnmflrcm klj plbikn lr |mi piw{l lrlmbcij kljRibwialm{n- Iy| vlanr bnan jnr enagwlr ig|rim kl jir j|blr ar rlh|wirkl ji Wlvljibcm* s bnan lr{ir j|blr rnm jir mcbir y|l y|lkim lm jir pnbirkl chmnwimbci* i ljjir wlb|wwl ji kbcj e|aimckik lm {nkir jir nbircnmlr*ipwnvlemknjir piwi jir ipjcbibcnmlr ar igr|wkir s jldimir-

Lr{ir vlwkiklr si jir bnmnbclwnm jnr jlhcrjiknwlr wnaimnr* y|l mn |riwnm lj{nwalm{n rcmn lm wljibcm lubj|rcvi bnm jnr lrbjivnr* y|l biwlbim kl {nkiplwrnmijckik? {iagcm jir ei iknp{ikn Cmhji{lwwi* mibcm lm y|l ji hjnwci kl jirjl{wir* ji r|plwcnwckik klj bnalwbcn s kl jir wcy|ltir* s pnw jn acran klj pnklw*s jnr ldlapjnr kl vcw{|k s kl vijnw* mn kldim k|ki ijh|mi kl ji gnmkik kl r|rjlslr- Lj {nwalm{n ei rckn ignjckn lm R|lbci s {iagcm jl ei ignjckn |mn kl jnrar rigcnr anmiwbir kl L|wnpi %Rl wlfclwl i Flklwcbn CC kl Pw|rci* mibckn lm 9897 sa|lw{n lm 9856#* lj b|ij* eigclmkn jjlvikn ij {wnmn ji Fcjnrnfi s bnan jlhcrjiknwiachn kl r|r rgkc{nr* jlr ei elben ch|ijlr s jcgwlr lm ji klplmklmbci kl jirjlslr* y|l lr ji mcbi ch|ijkik s jcglw{ik y|l jnr enagwlr witnmigjlr p|lklmluchcw lm jir pwlrlm{lr bnagcmibcnmlr kl jir bnrir- Lj {nwalm{n {iapnbn jleim bwlkn mlblriwcn jir jlslr acjc{iwlr* lr klbcw* klj ldwbc{n* bnap|lr{n* lm r|aisnwi* kl ji lrbnwci kl jir mibcnmlr* i|my|l piwltbi y|l jnr rnjkiknrklgclwim rlwvcw aldnw piwi ljjn- Bnri lu{wii* piwi lj y|l mn bnmrcklwl b|m

hwimkl rli ji {cwimi klj |rn* r{i kl y|l jir jlslr pibfcbir klgim ipwlmklw lja{nkn ar e|aimn kl d|thiw kl jir ijair lmk|wlbckir lm ji rimhwl s ljlr{wihn)

Pwnblrnr s pwlrbwcpbcnmlr

Bnmnbckir jir pw|lgir s bijb|jiki ji blw{lti klj kljc{n* lr mlblriwcn bnmblklwij wln {clapn s alkcnr npnw{|mnr piwi d|r{cfcbiwrl? plwn |m {clapn {im gwlvl

y|l mn plwd|kcy|l i ji pwnm{c{|k kl ji plmi* ji b|ij* bnan si elanr vcr{n* klglrlw |mn kl jnr fwlmnr pwcmbcpijlr kl jnr kljc{nr- \m aij lm{lmkkn ianw kl


25/65

e|aimckik* piwlbl bnm{wiwcn i lr{i gwlvlkik kl {clapn? plwn rl klrvimlblw{nki k|ki rc rl wlfjlucnmi y|l jnr pljchwnr kl ji cmnblmbci bwlblm bnm jnrklflb{nr kl ji jlhcrjibcm-

Jir jlslr klglm fcdiw bclw{n lrpibcn kl {clapn i ji klflmri klj wln s i jir

pw|lgir kl jnr kljc{nr? s lj d|lt rl bnmvlw{cwi lm jlhcrjiknw rc f|lrl j y|clmklgclrl klbckcw klj {clapn mlblriwcn piwi pwngiw |m kljc{n- Klj acran ankn*jnr kljc{nr i{wnblr* b|si alanwci y|lki lm jnr enagwlr b|imkn lr{mpwngiknr* mn alwlblm mcmh|mi pwlrbwcpbcm lm fivnw klj wln y|l rl eisir|r{wikn i ji d|r{cbci bnm ji f|hi- Plwn jnr kljc{nr almnwlr s ngrb|wnr klglm*bnm ji pwlrbwcpbcm* r|pwcacw ji cmblw{ck|agwl kl ji r|lw{l kl |m bc|kikimn*pnwy|l ji ngrb|wckik lm y|l eim lr{ikn nb|j{nr jiwhn {clapn* ljcacmi ljldlapjn kl cap|mckik s plwac{l ij wln ji pnrcgcjckik kl rlw aldnw- Al gir{iwij|kcw iy| i lr{nr pwcmbcpcnr* pnwy|l lj jac{l pwlbcrn kl jir pwlrbwcpbcnmlr rjnp|lkl fcdiwrl piwi |mi kl{lwacmiki jlhcrjibcm s lm kl{lwacmikir bnmkcbcnmlrkl biki rnbclkik- Iikcw {im rjn y|l |mi vlt pwngiki lm |mi mibcm ji

anklwibcm kl jir plmir* jir jlslr y|l pwnpnwbcnmikialm{l i jnr kljc{nrkcracm|sim n i|alm{lm lj pjitn kl ji pwlrbwcpbcm* n lj kl jir pw|lgir*eibclmkn |mi piw{l kl plmi kl ji pwcrcm pwlvlm{cvi s klj klr{clwwn vnj|m{iwcn*r|acmcr{wiwim |mi fbcj kcvcrcm kl ijh|mir plmir jlvlr piwi |m hwim malwnkl kljc{nr-

Plwn jnr pjitnr kl y|l eigjianr mn klglwm bwlblw lm ji pwnpnwbcm luib{i klji hwivlkik kl jnr kljc{nr* p|lr ji pwngigcjckik kl jnr kljc{nr lr{ lm witmcmvlwri kl r| i{wnbckik- Pnw {im{n* klglw kcracm|cwrl lj {clapn piwi wlbcgcw jirpw|lgir s i|alm{iwrl lj pjitn kl ji pwlrbwcpbcm- Piwlblwi lr{n |mibnm{wikcbbcm i jn y|l {lmhn kcben* n rli y|l p|lklm capnmlwrl plmir ch|ijlri kljc{nr klrch|ijlr* ipwlbcimkn lj {clapn kl pwcrcm s kl ji pwlrbwcpbcm*im{lwcnw i ji rlm{lmbci* bnan |mi plmi- Piwi lupjcbiw ij jlb{nw ac plmriaclm{n*kcr{cmh|cw knr bjirlr kl kljc{nr4 Ji pwcalwi bjirl lr ji kl jnr kljc{nr i{wnblr*y|l pwcmbcpcim pnw lj enacbckcn* bnapwlmkclmkn {nkir jir plwvlwrckiklr|j{lwcnwlr? ji rlh|mki bjirl lr ji kl jnr kljc{nr almnwlr- Lr{i kcr{cmbcm {clmlr| f|mkialm{n lm ji mi{|wijlti e|aimi- Ji rlh|wckik kl ji vcki pwnpci lr |mklwlben mi{|wij s ji rlh|wckik kl jnr gclmlr lr |m klwlben pwnblklm{l kl jirnbclkik- Lj malwn kl an{cvnr y|l iwwir{wim i jnr enagwlr i klrpwlbciw ljrlm{caclm{n mi{|wij kl pclkik* lr aisnw bnm a|ben kl iy|ljjnr n{wnr y|l pnwji mi{|wij ivcklt kl rlw fljcblr jlr cap|jrim i vcnjiw |m klwlben y|l mn

lmb|lm{wim lm r|r bnwitnmlr* rcmn rjn lm jir bnmvlmbcnmlr kl ji rnbclkik- Jiaucai kcflwlmbci kl pwngigcjckiklr kl lr{ir knr bjirlr kl kljc{nr* luchl y|lrl wlh|jlm bnm pwcmbcpcnr kcvlwrnr- Lm jnr kljc{nr ar i{wnblr* bnan rnm jnrar wiwnr* klgl wlk|bcwrl lj {clapn klj luialm piwi i|alm{iw jirpwngigcjckiklr kl cmnblmbci klj wln? plwn klgl bwlblw lj {clapn kl pwlrbwcpbcmpnwy|l kl ji rlm{lmbci klfcmc{cvi kl cmnblmbci n b|jpigcjckik kl |m enagwlklplmkl r|pwcacw lj i{wib{cvn kl ji cap|mckik* b|sn* kin bwlbl bnm jii{wnbckik klj kljc{n-

Plwn lm jnr kljc{nr almnwlr* bnan jir pwngigcjckiklr kl cmnblmbci klj wlnkcracm|slm* klgl i|alm{iw lj {clapn klj luialm s klgl kcracm|cwrl lj {clapn

kl ji pwlrbwcpbcm* pnw rlw almnw lj kin kl ji cap|mckik- Rlaldim{l kcr{cmbcmkl jnr kljc{nr lm knr bjirlr* mn klglwi ikac{cwrl rc lj kin kl ji cap|mckik


26/65

almh|irl {im{n bnan bwlbclrl ji pwngigcjckik klj kljc{n- Pcmrlrl gclm y|l |mib|rikn b|si cmnblmbci n b|si b|jpigcjckik mn bnmr{lm* i|my|l rli p|lr{n lmbnmkcbcm jcgwl pnw fij{i kl pw|lgir* p|lkl y|lkiw rnal{ckn n{wi vlt ikl{lmbcm s i cmkihi{nwci pnw bi|ri klj acran kljc{n* aclm{wir mn rl ihn{l lj{clapn kl ji pwlrbwcpbcm kl r{l- Pnw jn almnr* al piwlbl y|l r{l lr lj

{laplwialm{n npnw{|mn piwi klflmklw ji rlh|wckik s ji jcglw{ik kl jnrrgkc{nr* p|lr lr a|s fbcj y|l ji |mi mn rl fivnwltbi i luplmrir kl ji n{wi?kl ankn y|l iagnr gclmlr* y|l fnwaim lj cmijclmigjl l ch|ij pi{wcanmcn kl{nkn bc|kikimn* mn lr{m pwn{lhcknr s b|r{nkciknr* |mn pnw klrpn{cran igclw{nn lmairbiwikn* n{wn pnw ji ij{lwibcm imwy|cbi pnp|jiw-

Eis ijh|mnr kljc{nr y|l i ji vlt rnm fwlb|lm{lr lm ji rnbclkik s kcfbcjlr klpwngiw? s lm lr{nr kljc{nr ji kcfcb|j{ik kl ji pw|lgi nb|pi lj p|lr{n kl jipwngigcjckik kl ji cmnblmbci? lm b|im{n ij kin kl ji cap|mckik* y|l lr {im{nalmnr ipwlbcigjl b|im{n ji fwlb|lmbci kl jnr kljc{nr lm b|lr{cm klplmkl klpwcmbcpcnr kcr{cm{nr y|l lj pljchwn kl ji cap|mckik* lj {clapn klj luialm s lj kl

ji pwlrbwcpbcm klglm kcracm|cw ch|ijalm{l- Mn ngr{im{l* jnr ik|j{lwcnr* jirjirbcvcir* y|l rnm kljc{nr kl pw|lgi kcfbcj* rnm jnr y|l* rlhm jnr pwcmbcpcnrwlbcgcknr* ikac{lm jir {cwmcbir pwlr|mbcnmlr- jir b|irc!pw|lgir* jir rlac!pw|lgir %bnan rc |m enagwl p|kclrl rlwrlac!cmnblm{l n rlac!wln n rli rlac!p|mcgjl n rlac!igrnjvcgjl# lm y|l lj {nwalm{n ldlwbl r| bw|lj caplwcn lm jiplwrnmi klj ib|rikn* lm jnr {lr{chnr* s eir{i lm {nki ji fiacjci kl |m cmfljct*bnan bnm cmcb|i fwcijkik lmrlim ijh|mnr knb{nwlr y|l rl rliji ij d|lt bnanmnwai s jls-

Lm vcr{i kl lr{nr pwcmbcpcnr* piwlblw lu{win ij y|l mn wlfjlucnml y|l ji witmmn ei rckn birc m|mbi jlhcrjiknwi kl jir mibcnmlr* y|l jnr kljc{nr ar i{wnblrn jnr ar ngrb|wnr s y|cawcbnr* iy|jjnr b|si capwngigcjckik lr aisnw* rlimpwngiknr pnw bnmdl{|wir n pnw jir pw|lgir ar kgcjlr s ly|vnbir- Bnan rcjir jlslr s lj d|lt mn {|vclrlm cm{lwr lm cmvlr{chiw ji vlwkik* rcmn lm lmbnm{wiwkljc{nr? bnan rc lm bnmklmiw i |m cmnblm{l mn e|gclrl {im{n aisnw pljchwnb|im{n ji pwngigcjckik kl ji cmnblmbci r|plwi i ji klj kljc{n-

Lm ji aisnwi kl jnr enagwlr fij{i lj gwn mlblriwcn {im{n piwi jnr hwimklrkljc{nr bnan piwi jir hwimklr vcw{|klr? pnw jn b|ij piwlbl y|l jnr |mnr vimrclapwl bnm{lapnwmlnr bnm jir n{wir* lm jir mibcnmlr y|l rl rnr{clmlm arpnw ji ib{cvckik klj hngclwmn s jir pircnmlr y|l rl kcwchlm ij gclmlr{iw pgjcbn

y|l pnw r| airi s ji gnmkik bnmr{im{l kl jir jlslr- Lm lr{ir mibcnmlr kl y|leigjn* jir pircnmlr i{lm|ikir piwlblm ar ip{ir piwi aim{lmlw y|l piwialdnwiw ji fnwai kl hngclwmn- S kl iy| rl jnhwi ji capnw{im{l bnmrlb|lmbci kly|l mn rclapwl lm |mi mibcm jnr hwimklr kljc{nr pw|lgim r| klbiklmbci-

I{lm{iknr* bapjcblr* cap|mckik

Pnwy|l jir jlslr mn bir{ch|lm ji cm{lmbcm* mn pnw ljjn |m kljc{n y|l bnaclmbl

bnm ijhm ib{n y|l aimCfclr{l ji vnj|m{ik kl wlijctiwjl* kldi kl alwlblw |miplmi* i|my|l r{i rli almnw y|l ji klgcki i ji ldlb|bcm acrai klj kljc{n- Ji


27/65

capnw{imbci kl pwlvlmcw lj i{lm{ikn i|{nwcti ji plmi? plwn bnan lm{wl lji{lm{ikn s ji ldlb|bcm p|lkl eiglw cm{lwvijn* ji plmi aisnw* wlrlwviki piwi ljkljc{n bnmr|aikn* p|lkl kiw j|hiw ij iwwlplm{caclm{n- N{wn {im{n kcwlanrb|imkn eisi viwcnr bapjcblr kl |m kljc{n s mn {nknr rlim ldlb|{nwlrcmalkci{nr* i|my|l pnw |mi witm kcr{cm{i- B|imkn viwcnr enagwlr rl |mlm

piwi |m wclrhn* b|im{n {im{n aisnw rli r{l* {im{n ar g|rbiwm y|l rli ch|ijpiwi {nknr* s pnw {im{n rlw ar kcfbcj eijjiw y|clm rl bnm{lm{l bnm rlw r|ldlb|{nw* bnwwclmkn |m wclrhn aisnw y|l jnr klar bapjcblr- Ji mcbilublpbcm rlwi ji klj birn lm y|l ij ldlb|{nw klj kljc{n rl jl fcdirl |m pwlacn*p|lr lm{nmblr* alkcimkn |mi bnaplmribcm pnw bi|ri klj wclrhn aisnw* jiplmi klglwi rlw ch|ij- Lr{ir wlfjlucnmlr piwlblwm klaircikn al{ifrcbir ijy|l mn bnmrcklwl b|m {cj klgl rlw y|l jir jlslr pwnb|wlm jnr almnr an{cvnrpnrcgjlr kl ib|lwkn lm{wl jnr bnapilwnr kl |m kljc{n-

Ijh|mnr {wcg|mijlr nfwlblm ji cap|mckik ij bapjcbl kl |m kljc{n hwivl y|lklrb|gwi i r|r bnapilwnr- Lr{l wlb|wrn {clml r|r cmbnmvlmclm{lr s r|r

vlm{idir- Jnr cmbnmvlmclm{lr rnm y|l ji mibcm i|{nwcti jir {wicbcnmlr*kl{lr{igjlr eir{i lm{wl jnr aijviknr? pnwy|l rnm almnr fi{ijlr i |mi mibcmjnr kljc{nr kl vijnw y|l jnr kl vcjlti? pnwy|l jnr pwcalwnr mn rnm fwlb|lm{lr pnwr|r i|{nwlr s pnwy|l rjn lrplwim |mi f|lwti glmfcbi kcwlb{nwi y|l jllmbiacml ij gclm pgjcbn? lm {im{n y|l jnr kljc{nr kl biwb{lw vcj rnm arbna|mlr s bnm{ihcnrnr* bnmblm{wmknrl rclapwl lm r acranr- Iklar* lj{wcg|mij pnml lm lvcklmbci r| acrai cmblw{ck|agwl s ji klgcjckik kl ji jls* y|lcapjnwi ji is|ki kl y|clm ji nflmkl- Jir vlm{idir* lm biagcn* rnm jipwlvlmbcm kl kljc{nr capnw{im{lr y|l i{lanwctim ij p|lgjn pnw rlw aimcfclr{nrr|r lflb{nr s nb|j{nr r|r i|{nwlr? iklar kl jn b|ij* bnm{wcg|slm i anr{wiwy|l y|clm fij{i i ji fl kl jir jlslr n rli* ij pgjcbn* pwngigjlalm{l fij{iw i jnrpiw{cb|jiwlr- I a al piwlbl y|l |mi jls hlmlwij y|l pwnal{clrl ji cap|mckikij bapjcbl y|l lvcklmbciwi b|iJy|clw kljc{n* rlwi pwlflwcgjl i jirklbjiwibcnmlr lrplbcijlr lm biki birn piw{cb|jiw* pnwy|l kl lr{l anknpnkwim pwlvlwrl jir aiy|cmibcnmlr bnm lj {lanw wlbpwnbn y|l biki bapjcbl{lmkwi kl mn lupnmlwrl ar y|l i r acran* pnw jn b|ij lj {wcg|mij mnibwlblwi ji i|kibci kl jnr aijviknr y|l vlm rnjcbc{iki r| bnnplwibcm lm |mbirn piw{cb|jiw- Rcm lagiwhn* lr{i jls i y|l ij|kcanr klglwi ihwlhiw i jicap|mckik ji pwnrbwcpbcm klj klji{nw* kldmknjl rnal{ckn i gimkn --- plwn lmvimn al i{nwalm{n i a acran piwi ibigiw bnm lj wlanwkcaclm{n y|l rclm{n*i|{nwctimkn i jir rihwikir jlslr* anm|alm{n kl ji bnmfcimti pgjcbi s girl

kl ji anwij e|aimi* i ji {wicbcm s lj krca|jn- Y| ldlapjn rl kiwi i jimibcm rc rl fij{irl i ji cap|mckik pwnal{cki* s {wir jiwhir bivcjibcnmlr* rliwwir{wirl ij r|pjcbcn* bnm vlwhlmti kl ji fl pgjcbi* ij y|l e|gclrlwlrpnmkckn i ji cmvc{ibcm kl jir jlslr>? ldlapjnr kl lr{i bjirl mn rnm wiwnr lmjir mibcnmlr* bnan {iapnbn rnm wiwnr jnr y|l rjn {clmlm kl |mi mibcm jickli kl |mi ay|cmi bnapjcbiki lm y|l jnr ar kclr{wnr s pnklwnrnr aimldimjnr wlrnw{lr i pjiblw r|sn4 fwnr l cmrlmrcgjlr i b|im{n fnwai lj hnbl kl jirijair {clwmir s ljlvikir* lubc{im bnm caplw{|wgigjl tihibckik jnr rlm{caclm{nrar biwnr s jir pircnmlr ar vcnjlm{ir* rclapwl y|l p|lkim rlw {cjlr i r|rfcmlr* {ilmkn jnr mcanr bnan jnr arcbnr jnr cmr{w|alm{nr-


28/65

Ac{chibcm kl jir plmir

Kl ji rcapjl bnmrcklwibcm kl jir vlwkiklr eir{i iy| lup|lr{ir* wlr|j{ilvcklm{lalm{l y|l ji fcmijckik kl jir plmir mn lr i{nwalm{iw s ifjchcw i |m rlw

rlmrcgjl* mc klreiblw |m kljc{n si bnal{ckn- Lm |m nwhimcran pnj{cbn y|l jldnrkl ngwiw pnw pircm lr lj {wimy|cjn ankljiknw kl jir pircnmlr piw{cb|jiwlrp|lkl ijglwhiwrl bw|ljkik {im cm{cj* cmr{w|alm{n klj f|wnw s klj fimi{cran* nkl kgcjlr {cwimnr>

Lj hwc{n kl |m cmfljct* pnkw lvc{iw y|l lj {clapn* y|l mn wl{wnblkl* klreihiibbcnmlr si bnmr|aikir> Ji fcmijckik kl jir plmir* pnw {im{n* mn lr n{wi rcmnji kl caplkcw ij wln y|l m|lvialm{l kil i r|r bnmbc|kikimnr* capckclmkn{iagcm y|l jnr kljc{nr jnr bnal{im n{wnr {im{nr- Bnm lr{n y|lwlanr klbcw y|ljir plmir s lj ankn kl cmfjchcwjir* klglm lr{|kciwrl kl {ij aimlwi y|lh|iwkimkn ji klgcki pwnpnwbcm* eihim |mi capwlrcm ar lfcbit s k|wiklwi

rngwl lj lrpwc{| kl jnr enagwlr* s i ji vlt almnr {nwalm{nri rngwl lj b|lwpnkl jnr wlnr-

Lj y|l eisi jlkn jir ecr{nwcir ban mn ei kl jjlmiwrl kl enwwnw im{l jnr{nwalm{nr gwgiwnr l cm{cjlr caihcmiknr i rimhwl fwi s ldlb|{iknr pnwenagwlr y|l rl {lmim pnw rigcnr> y|cm kldiw kl rlm{cw lr{wlalblwrl {nkirr|r piw{lr ar rlmrcgjlr* bnm{lapjimkn jnr acjjiwlr kl cmfljcblr i y|clmlr jiacrlwci* {njlwiki n y|lwcki kl jir jlslr* y|l rclapwl eim fivnwlbckn i pnbnr s|j{widikn i jnr klar* iwwir{wiwnm i |m klrlrplwikn wlhwlrn ij pwcalw lr{iknkl mi{|wijlti* n i y|clmlr ib|r kl kljc{nr capnrcgjlr |wkcknr pnw ji {ackichmnwimbci* n rcapjlalm{l* wlnr {im rjn* kl rlw fcljlr i r|r pwcmbcpcnr*enagwlr kn{iknr kl jnr acranr rlm{cknr* s pnw {im{n* kl jir acrair pircnmlr*jiblwiknr bnm fnwaijckiklr alkc{ikir n bnm jlm{nr {nwalm{nr* dnb|mknlrplb{b|jn kl |mi fim{cbi a|j{c{|k>

Piwi y|l |mi plmi jnhwl r| lflb{n* gir{i bnm y|l lj aij kl ji acrai lublkiklj gclm y|l mibl klj kljc{n? s lm lr{l lublrn kl aij klgl {lmlwrl lm b|lm{i jicmfijcgcjckik kl ji plmi s ji pwkcki klj gclm y|l pwnk|bcwi lj kljc{n- [nkn jnklar lr r|pwfj|n s {cwmcbn* pnw jn acran- Jnr enagwlr rl hngclwmim pnw jiibbcm wlpl{cki kl jnr aijlr y|l bnmnblm* s mn pnw ji kl jnr y|l chmnwim-[nalanr knr mibcnmlr* lm |mi kl jir b|ijlr* lm ji lrbiji kl jir plmir

pwnpnwbcnmiki i ji lrbiji kl jnr kljc{nr* ji plmi aisnw rli ji rlwvck|agwlplwpl{|i* s lm ji n{wi ji wnlki %Rl wlfclwl i |m piw{cb|jiw a{nkn kl ldlb|bcmrimbcnmikn pnw Biwjnr C kl Lrpii s V kl Ijlaimci lm lj in kl 9


29/65

Sn kcw y|l ji pwcalwi {lalw {im{n i r| plmi aisnw bnan ji rlh|mki? s rce|gclrl ijh|mi witm piwi {wimrpnw{iw i ji pwcalwi jir aisnwlr plmir kl jirlh|mki* lr{i acrai witm rlwvcwi piwi ibwlblm{iw jir plmir kl ji j{cai*pirimkn rlmrcgjlalm{l klrkl ji w|lki i {nwalm{nr ar jlm{nr s lr{|kciknr*eir{i jnr j{canr wlfcmiaclm{nr kl |mi bclmbci y|l lr a|s bnmnbcki kl jnr

{cwimnr-

I alkcki y|l jnr r|pjcbcnr rl eiblm ar bw|ljlr* lj lrpwc{| kl jnr enagwlr*y|l* ij ankn kl jnr jy|cknr* rl pnml rclapwl ij mcvlj bnm jnr ngdl{nr y|l jlbcwb|mkim* lr{nr lrpwc{|r* p|lr* rl cwm lmk|wlbclmkn? s ji f|lwti rclapwl vcvikl jir pircnmlr eibl y|l klrp|r kl bclm inr kl bw|ljlr r|pjcbcnr* ji w|lkii{lwwnwcbl {im{n bnan im{lr i{lwwnwct ji pwcrcm- Ji pwnpci i{wnbckik kl ji plmieibl i{wlvlwrl {im{n ar piwi lry|cviwji* b|im{n lr ar hwimkl lj aij bnm{wilj b|ij aiwbei* eibclmkn y|l rl eisi bnal{ckn ar kl |m kljc{n bnm lr{lpwnprc{n- Jnr pirlr s jnr {clapnr kl jnr r|pjcbcnr ar i{wnblr eim rcknrclapwl jnr kl jir ibbcnmlr ar cme|aimir s rimh|cmiwcir* pnwy|l lj acran

lrpwc{| kl flwnbckik y|l h|cigi ji aimn klj jlhcrjiknw lwi lj y|l wlhi ji kljpiwwcbcki s ji kl jnr rcbiwcnr? lj [wnmn kcb{igi jlslr kl eclwwn i ijair i{wnblrkl lrbjivnr nglkclm{lr s lm ji ngrb|wckik pwcviki pijpc{igi lj lr{a|jn icmanjiw i jnr {cwimnr piwi bwliw n{wnr-

Eis knr f|mlr{ir bnmrlb|lmbcir y|l klwcvim kl ji bw|ljkik kl jir plmir*bnm{wiwci ij fcm acran kl pwlbivlw jnr kljc{nr- Ji pwcalwi lr y|l mn lr {im fbcjaim{lmlw ji pwnpnwbcm lrlmbcij lm{wl lj kljc{n s ji plmi* pnwy|l i|m b|imkn jicmk|r{wcnri bw|ljkik kl jir plmir jjlh|l i viwciw a|bercan ji lrplbcl klr{ir* mn p|lklm m|mbi {wirpiriw ji f|lwti j{cai i y|l lr{ jcac{iki jinwhimctibcm? s ji rlmrcgcjckik e|aimi |mi vlt y|l rl ei jjlhikn ij lu{wlan*mn lmbnm{wiwi si piwi jnr kljc{nr ar kinrnr s i{wnblr |mi plmi aisnwbnwwlrpnmkclm{l* bnan rlwi fnwtnrn piwi pwlvlmcwjnr- Ji n{wi bnmrlb|lmbci lry|l ji pwnpci cap|mckik mibl kl ji i{wnbckik kl jnr r|pjcbcnr- [im{n piwi ljgclm bnan piwi lj aij* jnr enagwlr lr{m lmblwwiknr lm{wl bclw{nr jac{lr s |mlrplb{b|jn klaircikn i{wnt piwi ji e|aimckik* rjn p|lkl rlw |m f|wnwpiridlwn* mn |m rcr{lai bnmr{im{l* bnan klglm rlw jir jlslr- P|lr rcvlwkiklwialm{l r{ir rnm bw|ljlr* |mi kl knr4 n rl wllapjitim pnw n{wir nfi{ijalm{l ji cap|mckik mibl kl jir jlslr acrair-

[lwacmiw bnm ji wlfjlucm kl y|l ji aihmc{|k kl jir plmir klgl rlw wlji{cvi ij

lr{ikn kl ji mibcm acrai- A|s f|lw{lr s rlmrcgjlr klglm rlw jir capwlrcnmlrrngwl jir ijair lmk|wlbckir kl |m p|lgjn y|l iplmir ei rijckn klj lr{ikn klrijvidcran- Piwi igi{cw i |m jlm flwnt y|l wlrcr{l ij kcrpiwn kl |m f|rcj* rlmlblrc{i |m wisn- Plwn i alkcki y|l jir ijair rl igjimkim lm lj lr{ikn klrnbclkik* bwlbl ji rlmrcgcjckik* s ij bwlblw ljji* klgl alwaiw ji f|lwti kl jiplmi* rc y|clwl aim{lmlwrl bnmr{im{l ji wljibcm lm{wl lj ngdl{n s ji rlmribcm-

Kl ji plmi kl a|lw{l


30/65

Ji cm{cj pwngigcjckik kl r|pjcbcnr* y|l mn ei rlwvckn m|mbi piwi aldnwiw i jnrenagwlr* al cap|jri i luiacmiw rc ji a|lw{l rli vlwkiklwialm{l {cj s d|r{ilm |m hngclwmn gclm nwhimctikn-

B|j p|lkl rlw lj klwlben y|l rl i{wcg|slm jnr enagwlr kl klr{w|cw i r|r

rlaldim{lr> Rlh|wialm{l mn iy|j klj y|l klwcvim ji rnglwimi s jir jlslr-Ji |mi s jir n{wir rnm {im rjn ji r|ai kl amcair pnwbcnmlr kl jcglw{ikpiw{cb|jiw kl biki b|ij* s wlpwlrlm{im ji vnj|m{ik hlmlwij* y|l lr |miihwlhibcm kl jir piw{cb|jiwlr- Y|cm pnkw rlw iy|j y|l eisi y|lwckn kldiwi n{wnr enagwlr lj iwgc{wcn kl ai{iw> Ban lm lj amcan ribwcfcbcn kl jijcglw{ik kl biki b|ij p|lkl lr{iw cmbj|kn lj klj aucan lm{wl {nknr jnr gclmlr*y|l lr ji vcki> s rc ir f|lrl ban p|lkl bnmblw{iwrl {ij pwcmbcpcn bnm iy|ljn{wn y|l lmrli y|l lj enagwl mn lr k|ln kl kiwrl ji a|lw{l> P|lr lmwlijckik klgclwi rlwCn si y|l ei pnkckn bnmblklw i n{wnr lr{l klwlben* n i jirnbclkik lm{lwi-

Pnw {im{n* ji plmi kl a|lw{l mn lr |m klwlben* p|lr{n y|l el klanr{wikn y|lmn p|lkl rlwCn* rcmn y|l lr |mi h|lwwi kl ji mibcm bnm |m bc|kikimn* lm y|lrl d|thi mlblriwci n {cj ji klr{w|bbcm kl r{l- Plwn rc jjlhn i klanr{wiw y|l jia|lw{l mn lr mc {cj mc mlblriwci* eigw himikn ji bi|ri kl ji e|aimckik-

Ji a|lw{l kl |m bc|kikimn rjn p|lkl bnmrcklwiwrl mlblriwci pnw knran{cvnr-

Lj pwcalwn* b|imkn* i|m lr{imkn pwcvikn kl jcglw{ik* {lmhi {nkivi {im{irwljibcnmlr s {ij f|lwti y|l r| a|lw{l cm{lwlrl i ji rlh|wckik kl ji mibcm? lrklbcw* b|imkn r| lucr{lmbci p|lki pwnk|bcw |mi wlvnj|bcm pljchwnri lm ji fnwaikl hngclwmn lr{igjlbcki- Ji a|lw{l klj bc|kikimn rl eiw mlblriwci b|imkn jimibcm wlb|plwl n pclwki bnm ljji r| jcglw{ik* n gclm lm {clapnr kl imiwy|i*b|imkn lj klrnwklm wllapjibl i jir jlslr- K|wim{l lj wlcmikn {wimy|cjn kl jirjlslr* lm |mi fnwai kl hngclwmn lm ji y|l jnr vn{nr kl ji mibcm rl lmb|lm{wlmwl|mcknr* lr{imkn ljji gclm pwnvcr{i lm lj cm{lwcnw s lm lj lu{lwcnw kl r|rfwnm{lwir kl f|lwti s npcmcm* p|lr lr{i j{cai ibirn lr ar lfcbit y|l jif|lwti acrai* lm |mi mibcm b|sn aimkn plw{lmltbi rjn ij vlwkiklwnrnglwimn* lm y|l jir wcy|ltir rcwvim piwi bnapwiw pjiblwlr* s mn i|{nwckik* snmn vln y|l eisi mlblrckik ijh|mi kl klr{w|cw i |m bc|kikimn* rcmn {im rjnb|imkn ji a|lw{l klj acran rli lj vlwkiklwn s mcbn fwlmn piwi caplkcw i jnr

klar bc|kikimnr y|l bnal{im kljc{nr- Lr{l lr lj rlh|mkn an{cvn y|l p|lkleiblw bwllw d|r{i s mlblriwci ji plmi kl a|lw{l-

B|imkn ji luplwclmbci kl {nknr jnr rchjnr k|wim{l jnr b|ijlr lj j{can r|pjcbcnm|mbi kcr|ikc i bclw{nr enagwlr kl nflmklw i ji rnbclkik? b|imkn lj ldlapjnkl jnr bc|kikimnr wnaimnr s lj kl jnr vlcm{l inr kl wlcmikn kl ji Laplwi{wctCriglj kl Anrbnvci* lm jnr b|ijlr ljji kcn i jnr kcwlb{nwlr kl jnr p|lgjnrldlapjn {im cj|r{wl* y|l ly|cvijl i a|beir bnmy|cr{ir bnapwikir bnm jirimhwl kl jnr ecdnr kl ji Pi{wci %wlflwlmbci kcwlb{i i Criglj kl Pw|rci* ecdi kl Plkwn ljHwimkl* y|clm lm kclt inr bnm{cm|nr kl r| plwcnkn kl wlcmikn* lr{n lr* kl 98;9 i 98


31/65

lr rclapwl lfcbit* gir{iwi bnmr|j{iw ji mi{|wijlti klj enagwl piwi rlm{cw jivlwkik kl ac ifcwaibcm-

Mn lr ji cm{lmrckik kl ji plmi jn y|l eibl aisnw lflb{n rngwl lj mcane|aimn rcmn r| lu{lmrcm* ji k|wibcm kl ji plmi acrai* pnwy|l m|lr{wi

rlmrcgcjckik lr {ij y|l ib{im rngwl ljji bnm aisnw fibcjckik lr{igcjctikir jircapwlrcnmlr y|l* i|m rclmkn amcair* rl wlpc{lm alkcim{l |m anvcaclm{n*i|my|l rli piridlwn* ar gclm y|l f|lw{l- Lj caplwcn kl ji bnr{|agwl lr|mcvlwrij* rngwl {nkn rlw y|l rclm{l? s bnan lj enagwl eigji* imki s i{clmkl ir|r mlblrckiklr gidn r| is|ki* ir jir cklir anwijlr mn rl capwcalm lm r|alm{l ar y|l i {wivr kl rib|kckir k|wiklwir s wlpl{ckir- Mn lr lj {lwwcgjl*plwn piridlwn lrplb{b|jn kl ji a|lw{l kl |m aijvikn* rcmn lj jiwhn spwnjnmhikn ldlapjn kl |m enagwl pwcvikn kl jcglw{ik y|l* bnmvlw{ckn lm glr{cikl biwhi* wlbnaplmri bnm r|r rlwvcbcnr i ji rnbclkik i y|clm ei nflmkckn*bnan lj fwlmn ar f|lw{l bnm{wi jnr kljc{nr- P|lr* lm lflb{n* i alm|kn mnrwlpl{cwlanr i mnrn{wnr acranr pijigwir bnan r{ir4 [iagcm sn al vlwwlk|bckn i {im jiwhi s arlwi bnmkcbcm* rc bnal{n ch|ijlr aijlr * rclmkn r{i|mi ckli ar pnklwnri y|l ji kl ji a|lw{l* y|l jnr enagwlr vlm rclapwl

Becaria, Cesar -Tratado de Los Delitos y de Las Penas

Documents

Transcript of Becaria, Cesar -Tratado de Los Delitos y de Las Penas