Bibliografía -...

Bibliografía

Abbadie, L., A. Mariotti & J. C. Menaut. 1992. Independence of savanna grasses from soil

organic matter for their nitrogen supply. Ecology 73: 608-613.

Aber, J. D., K. J. Nadelhoffer, P. Steudler & J. M. Melillo. 1989. Nitrogen saturation in

northern forest ecosystems. Bioscience 39: 378-386.

Abrahams, A. D. & A. J. Parsons. 1991. Relation between infiltration and stone cover on a

semiarid hillslope, southern Arizona. Journal of Hydrology 122: 46-59.

Abrahams A. D., A. J. Parsons & J. Wainwright. 1994. Resistance to overland flow on semi-

arid grassland and shrubland hillslopes, Walnut Gulch, Southern Arizona. Journal of

Hydrology 156: 431-446.

Acherar, M., J. Lepart & M. Debussche. 1984. La colonisation des friches par le pin d'Alep

(Pinus halepensis Miller) en Languedoc mediterraneen. Acta Oecologica 5:179-189.

Adler, P. B. & W. K. Lauenroth. 2000. Livestock exclusion increases the spatial heterogeneity

of vegetation in Colorado shortgrass steppe. Applied Vegetation Science 3:213-222.

Adler, P. B., D. A. Raff & W. K. Lauenroth. 2001. The effect of grazing on the spatial

heterogeneity of vegetation. Oecologia 128:465-479.

Agee, J.K., 2000. Fire and pine ecosystems. Páginas 193-218 en D. M. Richardson, editor.

Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Reino

Unido.

Agresti, A. 1990. Categorical data analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Nueva York, Estados

Unidos.

Aguiar, M. R., A. Soriano & O. E. Sala. 1992. Competition and facilitation in the recruitment

of seedlings in Patagonian steppe. Functional Ecology 6: 66-70.

Aguiar, M. R. & O. E. Sala 1994 Competition, facilitation, seed distribution and the origin of

patches in a Patagonian steppe. Oikos 70: 26-34.

Aguiar, M. R. & O. E. Sala. 1999. Patch structure, dynamics and implications for the

functioning of arid ecosystems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14: 273-277.

Aguilera, M. O. & W. K. Lauennroth. 1993. Seedling establishment in adult neighborhoods-

intraspecific constraints in the regeneration of the bunchgrass Bouteloua gracilis. Journal

of Ecology 81: 253-261.

Aguilera, M. O. & W. K. Lauennroth. 1995. Influence of gap disturbances and type of

microsites on seedling establishment in Bouteloua gracilis. Journal of Ecology 83: 87-89.

298 Bibliografía

Alcántara, J. M., P. J. Rey, F. Valera, A. M. Sánchez-Lafuente & J. E. Gutiérrez. 1997.

Habitat alteration and plant intra-specific competition for seed dispersers. An example

with Olea europaea var. sylvestris. Oikos 79: 291-300.

Alcaraz, F. J. 1984. Flora y vegetación del NE de Murcia. Secretariado de publicaciones de la

Universidad de Murcia, Murcia.

Allen, E. 1995. Restoration ecology: limits and possibilities in arid and semiarid lands.

Páginas 113-135 en B. A. Roundy, E, D. McArthur, J. S. Haley and D. K. Mann,

compilers. Proceedings: Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium.

Intermountain Research Station. Forest Service. U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Allen, M. F. 1988. Belowground structure: A key to reconstructing a productive arid

ecosystem. Páginas 113-135 en E. B. Allen, editor. The reconstruction of disturbed arid

lands. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, Estados Unidos.

Alloza, J. A. & V. R. Vallejo. 1999. Relación entre las características meteorológicas del año

de plantación y los resultados de las repoblaciones. Ecología 13: 173-187.

Anderson, D. J. 1971. Pattern in desert perennials. Journal of Ecology 59: 555-560.

Andreu, V., J. L. Rubio & R. Cerni. 1994. Use of a shrub (Medicago arborea) to control

water erosion on steep slopes. Soil Use and Management 10: 95-99.

Andreu, V., J. L. Rubio, E. Gimeno-García & J. V. Llinares. 1998. Testing three

mediterranean shrub species in runoff reduction and sediment transport. Soil and Tillage

Research 45: 441-454.

Angers, D. A. & J. Caron. 1998. Plant-induced changes in soil structure: Processes and

feedbacks. Biogeochemistry 42: 55-72.

Anisko, A., D. S. Nesmith & O. M. Lindstrom. 1994. Time-domain reflectometry for

measuring water content of organic growing media in containers. HortScience 29: 1511-

1513.

Anselin, L. 1995. Local indicators of spatial association-LISA. Geographical Analysis 27: 93-

115.

Ara, P. 2001. El segundo inventario forestal nacional. Foresta 13: 84-89.

Archer, J. R. & M. J. Marks. 1977. Techniques for measuring soil physical parameters. ADAS

Advisory paper No. 18. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Londres, Reino

Unido.

Archer, S. R., C. J. Scifres, C. R. Bassham & R. Maggio. 1988. Autogenic sucession in a

subtropical savanna: conversion of grassland to thorn woodland. Ecological Monographs

58: 111-127.

Bibliografía 299

Arevalo J. R., J. A. Carreira & F. X. Niell. 1993. Kinetic parameters of phosphatase activity

along a xeric dolomitic soil chronosequence related to wildfires. Geomicrobiology Journal

11: 235-245.

Armengot, R. & A. Pérez. 1990. El Clima. Páginas 461-490 en Sanchís, director. Guía de la

Naturaleza de la Comunidad Valenciana, Vol. II. Editorial Prensa Alicantina. Alicante.

Armstrong, A. J. & H. J. Van Hensbergen. 1996. Impacts of afforestation with pines on

assemblages of native biota in South Africa. South African Forestry Journal 175: 35-42.

Aronson, J., C. Floret, E. LeFloc´h, C. Ovalle & R. Pontanier. 1993. Restoration and

rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems in arid and semiarid lands. I. A view from the south.

Restoration Ecology 1: 8-17.

Ashby, E. 1948. Statistical Ecology. II. A reassessment. The Botanical Review 14: 222-234.

Attiwill, P. M. 1994 The disturbance of forest ecosystems: The ecological basis for

conservative management. Forest Ecology and Management 63:247-300.

Austin, M. P. & B. O. Austin. 1980. Behaviour of experimental plant communities along a

nutrient gradient. Journal of Ecology 68: 891-918.

Ayres, M. P. & M. J. Lombardero. 2000. Assessing the consequences of global change for

forest disturbance from herbivores and pathogens. Science of the Total Environment

262:263-286.

Bachelier, G. 1963. La vie animale dans les sols. ORSTOM, Paris, Francia.

Baeza, M. J., A. Pastor, J. Martín & M. Ibáñez. 1991. Mortalidad post-implantación en

repoblaciones de Pinus halepensis, Quercus ilex, Ceratonia siliqua y Tetraclinis

articulata en la provincia de Alicante. Studia Oecologica VIII: 139-146.

Baker W. L. & P. J. Weisberg. 1997. Using GIS to model tree population parametres in the

Rocky mountain national park forest-tundra ecotone. Journal of Biogeography 24: 513-

526.

Balaguer, L. 2002. Las limitaciones de la restauración de la cubierta vegetal. Ecosistemas

2002/1 (URL: http://aeet.org/ecosistemas/021/revisionesb1.htm).

Barber, A., M. R. Cabrera & I. Guardiola. 1997. Sobre la cultura de l´espart al territori

valencià. Fundación Bancaja. Valencia.

Barbéro, M., R. Loisel, P. Quézel, D. M. Richardson & F. Romane. 2000. Pines of the

Mediterranean Basin. Páginas 153-170 en D. M. Richardson, editor. Ecology and

Biogeography of Pinus, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Reino Unido.

Barbour, M. G. 1969. Age and space distribution of the desert shrub Larrea divaricata.

Ecology 50: 679-685.

300 Bibliografía

Barbour, M. G. 1973. Desert dogma reexamined: root-shoot production and plant spacing.

American Midland Naturalist 89: 41-57.

Bárdossy, A. & W. Lehmann. 1998. Spatial distribution of soil moisture in a small catchment.

Part I: geostatistical analysis. Journal of Hydrology 206: 1-15.

Barnes, J. M., C. R. Trinidad, T. Orum, V, G. R. Felix & M. R. Nelson. 1999. Landscape

ecology as a new infrastructure for improved management of plant viruses and their insect

vectors in agroecosystems. Ecosystem Health 5: 26-35.

Barnes, P. W. & S. Archer. 1999. Tree-shrub interactions in a subtropical savanna parkland:

Competition or facilitation?. Journal of Vegetation Science 10: 525-536.

Bashan, Y, E. A. Davis, A. Carrillo-García & R. Linderman. 2000. Assessment of VA

mycorrhizal inoculum potential in relation to the establishment of cactus seedlings under

mesquite nurse-trees in the Sonoran Desert. Applied Soil Ecology 14: 165-175.

Bashkin, M.A. & D. Binkley. 1998. Changes in soil carbon following afforestation in Hawaii.

Ecology 79: 828-833.

Bastien, Y., G. Aussenac & H. Frochot. 2000. Les changements climatiques: Consequences

pour la sylviculture. Revue Forestiere Francaise 52: 129-138.

Batjes, N. H. 1998. Mitigation of atmospheric CO2 concentrations by increased carbon

sequestration in the soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 27: 230-235.

Battle, I. & J. Tous. 1994. Importancia ecológica y económica del algarrobo en Andalucía.

Quercus 101: 11-14.

Bautista, S. 1999. Regeneración post-incendio de un pinar (Pinus halepensis, Miller) en

ambiente semiárido. Erosión del suelo y medidas de conservación a corto plazo. Tesis

Doctoral. Universidad de Alicante.

Bazzaz, F. A. 1979. The physiological ecology of plant succession. Annual Review of

Ecology and Systematics 10: 351-371.

Bell, E. D. 1998. Spatio-temporal dynamics of UK moths. Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de

Leicester, Reino Unido.

Bellot, J., A. Bonet, J. R. Sánchez & E. Chirino. 2001. Likely effects of land use changes on

the runoff and aquifer recharge in a semiarid landscape using a hydrological model.

Landscape and Urban Planning 55: 41-53.

Bellot, J. & A. Escarré. 1991. Chemical characteristics and temporal variations of nutrients in

throughfall and stemflow of three species in Mediterranean holm oak forest. Forest

Ecology and Management 41: 125-135.

Bellot, J., F. T. Maestre, N. Hernández & J. Ortiz de Urbina. Afforestation with Pinus

Bibliografía 301

halepensis reduces native shrub performance in a Mediterranean semiarid area. Forest

Ecology and Management (en revisión).

Bellot, J., J. R. Sánchez, E. Chirino., N. Hernández, F. Abdelli & J. M. Martínez. 1999. Effect

of different vegetation type cover on the soil water balance in semi-arid areas of

southeastern Spain. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (B) 24: 353-357.

Belgrano, A., P. Legendre, J. M. Dewarumez & S. Frontier. 1995. Spatial structure and

ecological variation of meroplankton on the French-Belgian coast of the North Sea.

Marine Ecology Progress Series 128: 43-50.

Belnap, J. 1996. Soil surface disturbances in cold deserts: effects on nitrogenase activity in

cyanobacterial-lichen soil crusts. Biology and Fertility of Soils 23: 362-367.

Belnap, J. & J. S. Gardner. 1993. Soil microstructure in soils of the Colorado Plateau: the role

of the cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus. Great Basin Naturalist 53: 40-47.

Belnap, J. & D. A. Gillete. 1998. Vulnerability of desert biological soil crusts to wind erosion:

the influences of crust development, soil texture and disturbance. Journal of Arid

Environments 39: 133-142.

Belnap, J. & K. T. Harper. 1995. Influence of cryptobiotic soil crusts on elemental content of

tissue of two desert seed plants. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 9: 107-115.

Belnap, J., J. H. Kaltenecker, R. Rosentreter, J. Williams, S. Leonard & D. Eldridge. 2001.

Biological soil crusts: Ecology and management. U.S. Department of the Interior,

Bureau of Land Management, National Science and Technology Center. Denver,

Estados Unidos.

Bellehumeur, C., P. Legendre & D. Marcotte. 1997. Variance and spatial scales in a tropical

rain forest: changing the size of sampling units. Plant Ecology 130: 89-98.

Belsky, A. J., S. M. Mwonga, R. G. Admuson, J. M. Duxbury & A. R. Ali. 1993.

Comparative effects of isolated trees on their undercanopy environments in high- and low-

rainfall savannas. Journal of Applied Ecology 30: 143-155.

Belsky, A. J. 1994. Influences of trees on savanna productivity: tests of shade, nutrients, and

tree-grass competition. Ecology 75: 922-932.

Berkowitz, A. R., C. D. Canham & V. R. Kelly. 1995. Competition vs. facilitation of tree

seedling growth and survival in early successional communities. Ecology 76: 1156-1168.

Bertness, M. D. 1991. Interspecific interactions among high marsh perennials in a New

England salt marsh. Ecology 72: 125-137.

Bertness, M. D. & R. M. Callaway. 1994. Positive interactions in communities. Trends in

Ecology and Evolution 9: 191-193.

302 Bibliografía

Bertness, M. D. & S. D. Hacker. 1994. Physical stress and positive associations among marsh

plants. American Naturalist 144: 363-372.

Beymer, R. J. & J. M. Klopatek. 1991. Potential contribution of carbon by microphytic crusts

in pinyon-juniper woodlands. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 5: 187-198.

Bilger, W., U. Schreiber & M. Bock. 1995. Determination of the quantum efficience of

photosystem II and non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in the field.

Oecologia 102: 425-432.

Binet, F. & R. C. Le Bayon. 1999. Space-time dynamics in situ of earthworm casts under

temperate cultivated soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 31: 85-93.

Binkley, D. & C. Giardina. 1998. Why do tree species affect soils? The warp and woof of

tree-soil interactions. Biogeochemistry 42: 89-106.

Biondi, F., D. E. Myers & C. C. Avery. 1994. Geostatistically modelling stem size and

increment in an old-growth forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24: 1354-1368.

Birkkett, M. A., K. Chamberlain, A. M. Hooper & J.A. Pickett. 2001. Does allelophaty offer

real promise for practical weed management and for explaining rhizosphere interactions

involving higher plants?. Plant and Soil 232:31-39.

Björkman, O. & B. Demmig. 1987. Photon yield of O2 evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence

at 77k among vascular plants of diverse origins. Planta 170: 489-504.

Blackman, G. E. 1935. A study by statistical methods of the distribution of species in

grassland. Annals of Botany 49: 749-777.

Blomquist, K. W. & G. E. Lyon. 1995. Effects of soil quality and depth on seed germination

and seedling survival at the Nevada Test Site. Páginas 57-62 en B. A. Roundy, E, D.

McArthur, J. S. Haley and D. K. Mann, editores. Proceedings: Wildland Shrub and Arid

Land Restoration Symposium. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain

Research Station, Odgen, Estados Unidos.

Boaler, S. B. & C. A. H. Hodge. 1962. Vegetation stripes in Somaliland. Journal of Ecology

50: 465-474.

Bochet, E., J. L. Rubio & J. Poesen. 1999. Modified topsoil islands within patchy

Mediterranean vegetation in SE Spain. Catena 38: 23-44.

Boeken, B. & M. Shachak. 1994. Changes in desert plant communities in human-made

patches in and their implications for the management of desertified landscapes. Ecological

Applications 4: 702-716.

Borcard, D., P. Legendre & P. Drapeau. 1992. Partialling out the spatial component of

ecological variation. Ecology 73: 1045-1055.

Bibliografía 303

Borman, F. H. & G. E. Likens. 1979. Pattern and process in a forested ecosystem. Springer-

Verlag Co. Nueva York, Estados Unidos.

Boyle, J. R. 1999. Planted forests: views and viewpoints. New Forests 17: 5-9.

Bradshaw, A. D. 1983. The reconstruction of ecosystems. Journal of Applied Ecology 20: 1-

17.

Brakensiek, D. L. & W. J. Rawls. 1994. Soil containing rock fragments: Effects on

infiltration. Catena 23: 99-110

Brandt, C. J. & J. B. Thornes, editores. 1996. Mediterranean desertification and land use. John

Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

Braun-Blanquet, J. J. 1979. Fitosociología. Editorial Blume, Madrid.

Bremner, J. M. & C. S. Mulvaney. 1982. Nitrogen-total. Páginas 595-624 en A. L. Page, R.

H. Miller & D. R. Keeney, editores. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and

microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of

America. Madison, Estados Unidos.

Breshears, D. D., O. B. Myers, S. R. Johnson, C. W. Meyer & S. N. Martens. 1997a.

Differential use of spatially heterogeneous soil moisture by two semiarid woody species:

Pinus edulis and Juniperus monosperma. Journal of Ecology 85: 289-299.

Breshears, D. D., J. W. Nyhan, C. E. Heil & B. P. Wilcox. 1998. Effects of woody plants on

microclimate in a semiarid woodland: Soil temperature and evaporation in canopy and

intercanopy patches. International Journal of Plant Sciences 159: 1010-1017.

Breshears, D. D., P. M. Rich, F. J. Barnes & K. Campbell. 1997b. Overstory-imposed

heterogeneity in solar radiation and soil moisture in a semiarid woodland. Ecological

applications 7: 1201-1215.

Bresler, E., S. Dasberg, D. Russo & G. Dagan. 1981. Spatial variability of crop yield as a

stochastic soil process. Soil Science Society of America Journal 45: 600-605.

Brisson, J. & J. F. Reynolds. 1997. Effects of compensatory growth on population processes:

A simulation study. Ecology 78: 2378-2384.

Bromley, J., J. Brouwer, T. Barker, S. Gaze & C. Valentin. 1997. The role of surface water

redistribution in an area of patterned vegetation in a semi-arid environment, south west

Niger. Journal of Hydrology 198: 1-29.

Broncano, M. J., M. Riba & J. Retana. 1998. Seed germination and seedling performance of

two Mediterranean tree species, holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) and Aleppo pine (Pinus

halepensis Mill.): a multifactor experimental approach. Plant Ecology 138: 17-26.

Brooker, R. W. & T. V. Callaghan. 1998. The balance between positive and negative plant

304 Bibliografía

interactions and its relationship to environmental gradients: a model. Oikos 81: 196-207.

Brooks, C. N. & A. M. Merenlender. 2001. Determining the pattern of oak woodland

regeneration for a cleared watershed in Northwest California: a neccessary first step for

restoration. Restoration Ecology 9: 1-12.

Brown, D., R. G. Hallman, C. H. Lee, J. G. Skogerboe, R. A. Price, N. R. Page, M. Clark, R.

Kort, & H. Hopkins. 1986. Reclamation and vegetative restoration of problem soils and

disturbed lands. Noyes Data Corporation. New Jersey.

Brown, J. R. & S. Archer. 1999. Shrub invasion of grassland: Recruitment is continuous and

not regulated by herbaceous biomass or density. Ecology 80: 2385-2396.

Brugam R. B. & J. Patterson. 1996. Application of a gis to mapping presettlement vegetation

in southwestern illinois. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 89: 125-

141.

Bruno, J. F. 2000. Facilitation of cobble beach communities through habitat modification by

Spartina alterniflora. Ecology 81: 1179-1182.

Bruno, J. F. & C. W. Kennedy. 2000. Patch-size dependent habitat modification and

facilitation on New England cobble beaches by Spartina alterniflora. Oecologia 122: 98-

108.

Buck, C. M. Langmaack & S. Schrader. 2000. Influence of mulch and soil compaction on

earthworm cast properties. Applied Soil Ecology 14: 223-229.

Burdett, A. N. 1990. Physiological processes in plantation establishment and the development

of specifications for forest planting stock. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20: 415-

427.

Burgess, T. M. & R. Webster. 1980. Optimal interpolation and isarithmic mapping of soil

propierties II. Block kriging. Journal of Soil Science 31: 333-341.

Burgess, T. M. & R. Webster. 1984. Optimal sampling strategies for mapping soil types. I.

Distribution of boundary spacings. Journal of Soil Science 35: 641-654.

Burgess, T. M. & R. Webster. 1986. computer program for evaluating risks in constructing

choropleth maps by point sampling along transects. Computers & Geosciences 12: 107-

127.

Burke, I. C., W. K. Lauenroth, R. Riggle, P. Brannen, B. Madigan & S. Beard. 1999. Spatial

variability of soil properties in the shortgrass steppe: the relative importance of

topography, grazing, microsite, and plant species in controlling spatial patterns.

Ecosystems 2: 422-438.

Bibliografía 305

Burke, I. C., W. K. Lauenroth, M. A. Vinton, P. B. Hook, R. H. Kelly, H. E. Epstein, M. R.

Aguiar, M. D. Robles, M. O. Aguilera, K. L. Murphy & R. A. Gill. 1998. Plant-soil

interactions in temperate grasslands. Biogeochemistry 42:121-143.

Burrough, P. A. 1986. Principles of geographical information systems for land resources

assesment. Oxford University Press, Oxford, Reino Unido.

Bush, J. K. & O. W. Van Auken. 1989. Soil resource levels and competition between a woody

and herbaceous species. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 116: 22-30.

Bush, J. K. & O. W. Van Auken. 1991. Importance of time of germination and soil depth on

growth of Prosopis glandulosa (Leguminosae) seedlings in the presence of a C-4 grass.

American Journal of Botany 78: 1732-1739.

Bush, J. K. & O. W. Van Auken. 1995. Woody plant growth related to planting time and

clipping of a C-4 grass. Ecology 76: 1603-1609.

Busso, C. A. 1997. Towards an increased and sustainable production in semi-arid rangelands

of central Argentina: two decades of research. Journal of Arid Environments 36: 197-210.

Caldwell, M. M., D. M. Eissenstat, J. H. Richards & M. F. Allen. 1985. Competition for

Phosphorus: differential uptake from dual-isotope-labeled soil interspaces between shrub

and grass. Science 229: 384-386.

Caldwell, M. M., J. H. Manwaring & S. L. Durham. 1991. The microscale distribution of

neighbouring plant roots in fertile soil microsites. Functional Ecology 5: 765-772.

Callaway, R. M. 1992a. Effect of shrubs on recruitment of Quercus douglasii and Quercus

lobata in California. Ecology 73: 2118-2128.

Callaway, R. M. 1992b. Morphological and physiological responses of three California oak

species to shade. International Journal of Plant Sciences 153: 434-441.

Callaway, R. M. 1994. Facilitative and interfering effects of Arthrocnemum subterminale on

winter annuals. Ecology 75: 681-686.

Callaway, R. M. 1995. Positive interactions among plants. The Botanical Review 61: 306-

349.

Callaway, R. M. 1997. Positive interactions in plant communities and the individualistic-

continuum concept. Oecologia 112: 143-149.

Callaway, R. M. 1998. Competition and facilitation on elevation gradients in subalpine forests

of the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Oikos 82: 561-573.

Callaway, R. M. & C. M. D´Antonio. 1991. Shrub facilitation of coast live oak establishment

in Central California. Madroño 38: 158-169.

306 Bibliografía

Callaway, R. M., E. H. DeLucia, D. Moore, R. Nowak & W. H. Schlesinger. 1996.

Competition and facilitation: contrasting effects of Artemisia tridentata on desert vs.

montane pines. Ecology 77: 2130-2141.

Callaway, R.M., Z. Kikvidze & D. Kikodze. 2000. Facilitation by unpalatable weeds may

conserve plant diversity in overgrazed meadows in the Caucasus Mountains. Oikos

89:275-282.

Callaway, R. M., N. M. Nadkarni & B. E. Mahall. 1991. Facilitation and interference of

Quercus douglasii on understory productivity in Central California. Ecology 72: 1484-

1499.

Callaway, R. M., B. Newingham, C. A. Zabinski & B. E. Mahall. 2001. Compensatory

growth and competitive ability of an invasive weed are enhanced by soil fungi and native

neighbours. Ecology Letters 4: 429-433.

Callaway, R. M. & S. C. Pennings. 2000. Facilitation may buffer competitive effects: Indirect

and diffuse interactions among salt marsh plants. American Naturalist 156: 416-424.

Callaway, R. M. & F. I. Pugnaire. 1999. Facilitation in plant communities. Páginas 623-648

en F. I. Pugnaire and F. Valladares, editors. Handbook of Functional Plant Ecology.

Marcel Dekker, Inc., Nueva York, Estados Unidos.

Callaway, R. M. & L. R. Walker. 1997. Competition and facilitation: a synthetic approach to

interactions in plant communities. Ecology 78: 1958-1965.

Cammeraat, L. H. & A. C. Imeson. 1999. The evolution and significance of soil-vegetation

patterns following land abandonment and fire in Spain. Catena 37: 107-127.

Campbell, S. E., J. S. Seeler & S. Golubic. 1989. Desert crust formation and soil stabilization.

Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 3: 217-228.

Caravaca, F., C. García, M. T. Hernández & A. Roldán. 2002a. Aggregate stability changes

after organic amendment and mycorrhizal inoculation in the afforestation of a semiarid

site with Pinus halepensis. Applied Soil Ecology 19:199-208.

Caravaca, F., J. M. Barea, D. Figueroa & A. Roldán. 2002b. Assessing the effectiveness of

mycorrhizal inoculation and soil compost addition for enhancing reafforestation with Olea

europaea subsp. sylvestris through changes in soil biological and physical parameters.

Applied Soil Ecology 20: 107-118.

Caravaca, F., J. M. Barea & A. Roldán. Synergic influence of an arbuscular mycorrhizal

fungus and organic amendment on Pistacia lentiscus L. seedlings afforested in a degraded

soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry (en prensa).

Bibliografía 307

Cargill, S. M. & F. S. Chapin III. 1987. Application of successional theory to tundra

restoration: A review. Artic, Antartic and Alpine Research 19: 366-372.

Carrillo-García, A., Y. Bashan & G. J. Bethlenfalvay. 2000. Resource-island soils and the

survival of the giant cactus, cardon, of Baja California Sur. Plant and Soil 218: 207-214.

Carlsson, B. A. & T. V. Callaghan. 1991. Positive plant interactions in tundra vegetation and

the importance of shelter. Journal of Ecology 79: 973-983.

Casper, B. B. 1996. Demographic consequences of drought in the herbaceous perennial

Cryptantha flava: effects of density, associations with shrubs, and plant size. Oecologia

106: 144-152.

Casper, B. B. & R. B. Jackson. 1997. Plant competition underground. Annual Review of


Castillo, V. M., M. Martínez-Mena & J. Albaladejo. 1997. Runoff and soil loss response to

vegetation removal in a semiarid environment. Soil Science Society of America Journal

61: 1116-1121.

Castro, J. 2000. Dinámica de la regeneración de los pinares autóctonos de pino silvestre

(Pinus sylvestris L. var nevadensis Christ) de Sierra Nevada y Sierra de Baza. Tesis

Doctoral. Universidad de Granada.

Castro, J. R. Zamora, J. A. Hódar & J. M. Gómez. The use of shrubs as nurse plants: a new

technique for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains. Restoration Ecology (en prensa).

Castroviejo, S., M. A. García Dory, S. Martínez & F. Prieto. 1985. Política forestal en España

(1940-1985). Quercus 19: 1-51.

Caturla, R. N., J. Raventós, R. Guàrdia & V. R. Vallejo. 2000. Early post-fire regeneration

dynamics of Brachypodium retusum Pers. (Beauv.) in old fields of the Valencia region

(eastern Spain). Acta Oecologica 21: 1-12.

Ceballos, L. 1938. Regresión y óptimo de la vegetación en los montes españoles.

Significación de los pinares. Ávila.

Ceballos, L. 1945. Los matorrales españoles y su significación. Escuela Especial de

Ingenieros de Montes. Madrid.

Ceballos, L. 1959. Pasado y presente del bosque en la región mediterránea. Real Academia de

Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Madrid.

Cerdà, A. 1997. The effect of patchy distribution of Stipa tenacissima L. on runoff and

erosion. Journal of Arid Environments 36: 37-51.

Cerdà, A. 1998. Soil aggregate stability under different Mediterranean vegetation types.

Catena 32: 73-86.

308 Bibliografía

Cerdà, A. 2001. La erosión del suelo y sus tasas en España. Ecosistemas 2001/3 (URL:

www.aeet.org/ecosistemas/013/revision1.htm).

Chaparro, J. 1994. Consecuencias ambientales de repoblaciones forestales mediante

aterrazamientos en ambientes semiáridos. Tesis de licenciatura. Universidad de Murcia.

Chaparro, J. & M. A. Esteve. 1996. Criterios para restaurar la vegetación en ambientes

mediterráneos semiáridos. Quercus 121: 14-17.

Chapela, I. H., L. J. Osher, T. R. Horton & M. R. Henn. 2001. Ectomycorrhizal fungi

introduced with exotic pine plantations induce soil C depletion. Soil Biology &

Biochemistry 33: 1733-1740

Chapin, F. S. III, L. R. Walker, C. L. Fastie & L. C. Sharman. 1994. Mechanisms of primary

succession following deglaciation at Glacier Bay, Alaska. Ecological Monographs 64:

149-175.

Charley, J. L. & N. E. West. 1975. Plant-induced soil chemical patterns in some shrub-

dominated semidesert ecosystems of Utah. Journal of Ecology 63: 945-964.

Chatterjee, S. & B. Price. 1991. Regression Analysis by Example. 2nd edition. Wiley, Nueva

York, Estados Unidos..

Choi, Y. D. & M. K. Wali. 1995. The role of Panicum virgatum (switch grass) in the

revegetation of iron-mine tailings in northern New York. Restoration Ecology 3: 123-132.

Claphan, A. R. 1936. Over-dispersion in grassland. Journal of Ecology 24: 232-251.

Clements, F. E., J. E. Weaver & H. C. Hanson. 1929. Plant competition: an analysis of

community functions. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington D.C., Estados

Unidos.

Comín, F. 2002. Restauración ecológica: teoría versus práctica. Ecosistemas 2002/1 (URL:

www.aeet.org/ecosistemas/021/opinion1.htm).

Conesa, J. A.. 1997. Tipologia de la vegetació: anàlisi i caracterització. Universidad de

Lleida, Lleida.

Coomes, D.A., M. Rees & L. Turnbull. 1999. Identifying aggregation and association in fully

mapped spatial data. Ecology 80:554-565.

Cooper, S. D., S. Diehl, K. Kratz & O. Sarnelle. 1988. Implications of scale for patterns and

processes in stream ecology. Australian Journal of Ecology 23: 27-40.

Corlett, R. T. 2000. Environmental heterogeneity and species survival in degraded tropical

landscapes. Páginas 333-356 en Hutchings, M. J., E. A. John & A. J. A. Stewart (editores),

The Ecological Consequences of Environmental Heterogeneity. Blackwell Science,

Cambridge, Reino Unido.

Bibliografía 309

Cornell, H. V. & J. H. Lawton. 1992. Species interaction, local and region processes, and

limits to the richness of ecological communities-review. Journal of Animal Ecology 61: 1-

12.

Cortina, J. 1992. Efectes de les plantacions de Pinus radiata D. Don sobre la fertilitat del sòl.

Tesis Doctoral. Universidad de Barcelona.

Cortina, J., J. Bellot, A. Vilagrosa, R. Caturla, F. T. Maestre, E. Rubio, J. M. Martínez & A.

Bonet. Restauración en semiárido. En: V. R. Vallejo & J. A. Alloza, editores.

Restauración de Ecosistemas Degradados. CEAM y Conselleria de Medio Ambiente (en

prensa).

Cortina, J., A. Valdecantos, D. Fuentes, G. Casanova, V. R. Vallejo, J. M. Díaz Bertrana, F.

Llavador & R. Ruano. 2001. El uso de biosólidos en el sector forestal valenciano. Foresta

13: 64-69.

Cortina, J. & V. R. Vallejo. 1999. Restoration of Mediterranean ecosystems. Páginas 479-490

en A. Farina, editor. Perspectives in Ecology. A glance from the VII International

Congress of Ecology. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Holanda.

Cortina, J. & V. R. Vallejo. Restoration ecology. En: Encyclopedia of Life Suport Systems

(EOLSS). UNESCO (en prensa).

Costa, M. 1973. Datos ecológicos y fitosociológicos sobre los espartales de la provincia de

Madrid. Anales del Instituto Botánico Cavanilles 30: 233-255.

Costa, M. 1999. La Vegetación y el Paisaje en las Tierras Valencianas. Editorial Rueda,

Madrid.

Couteron, P. 2001. Using spectral analysis to confront distributions of individual species with

an overall periodic pattern in semi-arid vegetation. Plant Ecology 156: 229-243.

Couteron, P. & O. Lejeune. 2001. Periodic spotted patterns in semiarid vegetation explained

by a propagation-inhibition model. Journal of Ecology 89: 616-628.

Cressie, N. E. 1985. Fitting variogram models by weighted least squares. Mathematical

Geology 17: 563-586.

Cumming, J.R. 1993. Growth and nutrition of nonmycorrhizal and mycorhizal pitch pine

(Pinus rigida) seedlings under phosphorus limitation. Tree Physiology 13: 173-187.

Cyr, L., F. Bonn & A. Pesant. 1995. Vegetation indices derived from remote sensing for an

estimation of soil protection against water erosion. Ecological Modelling 79: 277-285.

Dale, M. R. T. 1995. Spatial pattern in communities of crustose saxicolous lichens.

Lichenologist 27: 495-503.

310 Bibliografía

Dale, M. R. T. 1999. Spatial Pattern Analysis in Plant Ecology. Cambridge University Press,


Dale, M. R. T. & D. J. Blundon. 1990. Quadrat variance analysis and pattern development

during primary succession. Journal of Vegetation Science 1: 153-164.

Dale, M. R. T. & D. A. MacIsaac. 1989. Two new methods for the analysis of spatial pattern

in vegetation. Journal of Ecology 77: 78-91.

Dale, V. H., L. A. Joyce, S. McNulty & R. P. Neilson. 2000. The interplay between climate

change, forests, and disturbances. Science of the Total Environment 262:201-204.

Damesin, C. & S. Rambal. 1995. Field study of leaf photosynthetic performance by a

Mediterranean deciduous oak tree (Quercus pubescens) during a severe summer drought.

New Phytologist 131: 159-167.

Damesin, C., S. Rambal & R. Joffre. 1998. Seasonal and annual changes in leaf δ13C in two

co-occurring Mediterranean oaks: relations to leaf growth and drought progression.

Functional Ecology 12: 778-785.

Danalatos, N. G., C. S. Kosmas, N. C. Moustakas & N. Yassoglou. 1995. Rock fragments. II.

Their impact on soil physical properties and biomass production under Mediterranean

conditions. Soil Use and Management 11:121-126.

Danin, A. 1991. Plant adaptations in desert dunes. Journal of Arid Environments 21: 193-212.

Davis, J. L. & A. P. Annan. 1989. Ground-penetrating radar for high-resolution mapping of

soil and rock stratigraphy. Geophysical Prospecting 37: 531-551.

De Angelis, D. L., W. M. Posts & C. C. Travis. 1986. Positive Feedback in Natural Systems.

Springer-Verlag, Nueva York, Estados Unidos.

Debouzie, D., A. Bendjedid, T. Bensid & N. Gautier. 1996. Stipa tenacissima aerial biomass

estimated at regional scale in an Algerian steppe, using geostatistical tools. Vegetatio 124:

173-181.

Debazac, E. F. 1983. Temperate broad-leaved evergreen forests of the Mediterranean region

and Middle East. Páginas 107-124 en J. D. Ovignon, editor. Ecosystems of the world, vol

10. Temperate broad-leaved evergreen forests. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Holanda.

DeFalco, L. A., J. K. Detling, C. Richard Tracy & S. D. Warren. 2001. Physiological

variation among native and exotic winter annual plants associated with microbiotic crusts

in the Mojave Desert. Plant and Soil 234:1-14.

De Jong, T. J. & P. G. L. Klinkhamer. 1988. Population ecology of the biennials Cirsium

vulgare and Cynoglossum officinale in a coastal sand-dune area. Journal of Ecology 73:

147-167.

Bibliografía 311

De la Torre, A. & L. J. Alías. 1996. Suelos y vegetación en el Alto Vinalopó. Universidad de

Alicante, Alicante.

De Luis, M. 2000. Estudio espacial y temporal de las tendencias de lluvia en la Comunidad

Valenciana (1961-1990). Geoforma Ediciones e Instituto Alicantino de Cultural Juan Gil-

Albert, Zaragoza.

De Luis, M., J. Raventós, J. Cortina, M. J. Moro & J. Bellot. 1998. Assessing components of

a competition index to predict growth in an even-aged Pinus nigra stand. New Forests 15:

223-242.

De Soyza, A. G., W.G. Whitford, J. E. Herrick, W. Van Zee Justin & K. M. Havstad. 1998.

Early warning indicators of desertification: Examples of tests in the Chihuahuan Desert.

Journal of Arid Environments 39: 101-112.

De Stevens, D. 1991. Experiments on mechanisms of tree establishment in old-field

succession: seedling survival and growth. Ecology 72: 1076-1088.

Desender, K. & R. Bosmans. 1998. Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) on set-aside fields

in the Campine region and their importance for nature conservation in Flanders (Belgium).

Biodiversity and Conservation 7: 1485-1493.

Deutsch, C. V. & A. G. Journel. 1998. GSLIB. Geostatistical software library and user´s

guide. Oxford University Press, Nueva York.

Díaz, E., A. Roldán, V. Castillo & J. Albaladejo. 1997. Plant colonization and biomass

production in a xeric torriorthent amended with urban solid refuse. Land Degradation &

Development 8: 245-255.

Díaz, E. & A. Roldán. 2000. Effects of reafforestation techniques on the nutrient content,

photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of Pinus halepensis seedlings under

semiarid conditions. Land Degradation & Development 8: 475-486.

Díaz, G. & M. Honrubia. 1995. Effect of native and introduced arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

on growth and nutrient uptake of Lygeum spartum and Anthyllis cytisoides. Biologia

Plantarum 37: 121-129.

Dickie, I. A., R. T. Koide & A. C. Fayish. 2001. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection

of Quercus rubra seedlings. New Phytologist 151: 257-264.

Dietz, H., T. Steinlein, P. Winterhalter & I. Ullmann. 1996. Role of allelopathy as a possible

factor associated with the rising dominance of Bunias orientalis L. (Brassicaceae) in some

native plant assemblages. Journal of Chemical Ecology 22: 1797-1811

Diggle, P. J. 1983. Statistical Analysis of Spatial Point Patterns. Academic Press, Londres,

Reino Unido.

312 Bibliografía

Doak, D. F., P. C. Marino & P. M. Kareiva. 1992. Spatial scale mediates the influence of

habitat fragmentation on dispersal success: implications for conservation. Theoretical

Population Biology 41: 315-336.

Domingo, F., P. R. Van Gardingen & A. J. Brenner. 1996. Leaf boundary layer conductance

of two native species in southeast Spain. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 81: 179-

199.

Drew, M. C. 1975. Comparison of the effects of a localized supply of phosphate, nitrate,

ammonium and potassium on the growth of the seminal root system, and the shoot, in

barley. New Phytologist 75: 479-490.

Dutilleul, P. 1993. Modifying the t test for assessing the correlation between two spatial

processes. Biometrics 49: 305-314.

Dutilleul P. & P. Legendre. 1993. Spatial heterogeneity against heteroscedasticity: an

ecological paradigm versus a statistical concept. Oikos 66: 152-171.

Eastman, J. R. 1997. Idrisi for Windows User´s Guide, version 2.0. Clark University,

Worcester, Reino Unido.

Eccles, N. S., K. J. Esler & R. M. Cowling. 1999. Spatial pattern analysis in Namaqualand

desert plant communities: Evidence for general positive interactions. Plant Ecology 142:

71-85.

Eckert, R. E., E. F. Peterson M. S. Meurisse & J. L. Stephens. 1986. Effects of soil-surface

morphology on emergence and survival of seedlings in big sagebrush communities.

Journal of Range Management 39: 414-420.

Egerton, J. J. G., J. C. G. Banks, A. Gibson, R. B. Cunningham & M. C. Ball. 2000.

Facilitation of seedling establishment: Reduction in irradiance enhances winter growth of

Eucalyptus pauciflora. Ecology 81: 1437-1449.

Ehleringer, J. R. & C. B. Osmond. 1991. Stable isotopes. Páginas 281-300 en R. W. Pearcy, J.

Ehleringer, H. A. Mooney & P. W. Rundel, editores. Plant Physiological Ecology. Field

methods and instrumentation. Chapman and Hall, Londres, Reino Unido.

Ehrenfeld, J. G., X. Han, W. F. J. Parsons & W. Zhu. 1997. On the nature of environmental

gradients. Temporal and spatial variability of soils and vegetation in the New Jersey

Pineland. Journal of Ecology 85: 785-798.

Eldridge D. J. 1996. Distribution and floristics of terricolous lichens in soil crusts in arid and

semi-arid New South Wales, Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 44:581-599.

Eldridge D. J. 1999. Distribution and floristics of moss- and lichen-dominated soil crusts in a

patterned Callitris glaucophylla woodland in eastern Australia. Acta Oecologica 20:159-

Bibliografía 313

170.

Eldridge, D. J. & R. S. B. Greene. 1994. Microbiotic soil crusts: A review of their roles in

soil and ecological processes in the rangelands of Australia. Australian Journal of Soil

Research 32: 389-415.

Eldridge, D. J. & T.B. Koen. 1998. Cover and floristics of microphytic soil crusts in relation

to indices of landscape health. Plant Ecology 137:101-114.

Eldridge, D. J. & R. Rosentreter. 1999. Morphological groups: a framework for monitoring

microphytic crusts in arid landscapes. Journal of Arid Environments 41: 11-25.

Eldridge D. J. & M. E. Tozer. 1996. Distribution and floristics of bryophytes in soil crusts in

semi-arid and arid eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 44: 223-247.

Eldridge D. J. & M. E. Tozer. 1997. Environmental factors relating to the distribution of

terricolous Byrophytes and lichens in semi-arid eastern Australia. Bryologist 100:28-39.

Eldridge, D. J., M. E. Tozer & S. Slangen. 1997. Soil hydrology is independent of

microphytic crust cover: further evidence from a wooded semiarid australian rangeland.

Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 11: 113-126.

Eldridge, D. J., E. Zaady & M. Shachak. 2000a. Infiltration through three contrasting

biological soil crusts in patterned landscapes in the Negev, Israel. Catena 40: 323-336.

Eldridge, D. J., W. S. Semple & T. B. Koen. 2000b. Dynamics of cryptogamic soil crusts in a

derived grassland in south-eastern Australia. Austral Ecology 25:232-240.

El Khatib, A. A. 2000. The ecological significance of allelopathy in the community

organization of Alhagi graecorum Boiss. Biologia Plantarum 43: 427-431.

Eltrop, L. & H. Marschner. 1996. Growth and mineral nutrition of non-mycorrhizal and

mycorrhizal Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings grown in semi-hydroponic sand

culture. I. Growth and mineral nutrient uptake in plants supplied with different forms of

nitrogen. New Phytologist 133: 469-478.

Epron, D. & E. Dreyer. 1992. Effects of severe dehydration on leaf photosynthesis in

Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.: photosystem II efficiency, photochemical and non

photochemical fluorescence quenching and electrolyte leakage. Tree Physiology 10: 273-

284.

Escudero, A., J. M. Iriondo, J. M. Olano, A. Rubio & R. C. Somolinos. 2000. Factors

affecting establishment of a gypsophyte: The case of Lepidium subulatum (Brassicaceae).

American Journal of Botany 87: 861-871.

314 Bibliografía

Escudero, A., M. J. Albert, J. M. Pita & F. Pérez-García. 2000. Inhibitory effects of Artemisia

herba-alba on the germination of the gypsophyte Helianthemum squamatum. Plant

Ecology 148: 71-80.

Espelta, J. M., M. Riba & J. Retana. 1995. Patterns of seedling recruitment in West-

Mediterranean Quercus ilex forests influenced by canopy development. Journal of

Vegetation Science 6: 465-472.

Esteve, M. A., D. Ferrer, L. Ramírez-Díaz, J. F. Calvo, M. L. Suárez & M. R. Vidal-Abarca.

1990. Restauración de la vegetación en ecosistemas áridos y semiáridos: algunas

reflexiones ecológicas. Ecología, Fuera de Serie número 1: 497-510.

Ettema, C. H., D. C. Coleman, G. Vellidis, R. Lowrance & S. L. Rathbun. 1998.

Spatiotemporal distributions of bacterivorous nematodes and soil resources in a restored

riparian wetland. Ecology 79: 2721-2734.

Ettema, C. H. & D. A. Wardle. 2002. Spatial soil ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution

17: 177-183.

Etxeberria, J. 1999. Regresión múltiple. Editorial La Muralla y Editorial Hespérides, Madrid.

Evans, R. D. & J. Belnap. 1999. Long-term consequenes of disturbance on nitrogen dynamics

in an arid ecosystem. Ecology 80: 150-160.

Evans, R. D. & J. R. Ehleringer. 1993. A break in the nitrogen cycle in aridlands? Evidence

from δ15 N of soils. Oecologia 93: 314-317.

Facelli, J. M., R. Williams, S. Fricker & B. Ladd. 1999. Establishment and growth of

seedlings of Eucalyptus obliqua: Interactive effects of litter, water, and pathogens.

Australian Journal of Ecology 24: 484-494.

Fang, J., A. Chen, C. Peng, S. Zhao, & L. Ci. 2001. Changes in forest biomass carbon storage

in China between 1949 and 1998. Science 292: 2320-2322.

FAO. 1994. The road from Rio: Moving forward in forestry. FAO, Roma.

Farquhar, G. D. & R. A. Richards. 1984. Isotopic composition of plant carbon correlates with

water-use efficiency of wheat genotypes. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 11: 539-

552.

Fenner, M. 1987. Seed characteristics in relation to sucession. Páginas 103-114 en A. J. Gray,

M. J. Crawley & P. J. Edwards, editores. Colonization, sucession and stability. Blackwell,

Oxford, Reino Unido.

Ferguson, A. W., Z. Klukowski, B. Walczak, J. N. Perry, M. A. Mugglestone, S. J. Clark & I.

H. Williams. 2000. The spatio-temporal distribution of adult Ceutorhynchus assimilis in a

Bibliografía 315

crop of winter oilseed rape in relation to the distribution of their larvae and that of the

parasitoid Trichomalus perfectus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 95: 161-171.

Ferrán, M. 1997. SPSS para Windows. Programación y análisis estadístico. McGraw-Hill,

Madrid.

Figueroa, M. E., L. Fernandez-Baco, T. Luque & A. J. Davy 1997 Chlorophyll fluorescence,

stress and survival in populations of Mediterranean grassland species. Journal of


Finzi, A. C., C. D. Canham & N. Van Breeman. 1998a. Canopy tree-soil interactions within

temperate forests: species effects on pH and cations. Ecological Applications 8: 447-454.

Finzi, A. C., C. D. Canham & N. Van Breeman. 1998b. Canopy tree-soil interactions within

temperate forests: species effects on soil carbon and nitrogen. Ecological Applications 8:

440-446.

Fitter, A., A. Hodge & D. Robinson. 2000. Plant response to patchy soils. Páginas 71-90 en

Hutchings, M. J., E. A. John & A. J. A. Stewart (editores), The Ecological Consequences

of Environmental Heterogeneity. Blackwell Science, Cambridge, UK.

Flannigan, M. D., B. J. Stocks & B. M. Wotton. 2000. Climate change and forest fires.

Science of the Total Environment 262:221-229.

Flexas, J., J. Gulías, S. Jonasson, H. Medrano & M. Mus. 2001. Seasonal patterns and control

of gas exchange in local populations of the Mediterranean evergreen shrub Pistacia

lentiscus L. Acta Oecologica 22:33-43.

Fonseca, D. E. 1999. Manipulación de las características morfoestructurales de plantones de

especies mediterráneas producidas en vivero. Máster. CIHEAM, Zaragoza.

Ford, E. D. & E. Renshaw. 1984. The interpretation of process from pattern using two-

dimensional spectral analysis: modelling single species patterns in vegetation. Vegetatio

56: 113-123.

Fortin, M. J., P. Drapeau & P. Legendre. 1989. Spatial autocorrelation and sampling design in

plant ecology. Vegetatio 83: 209-222.

Fortin, M. J. & Gurevitch, J. 2001. Mantel tests: Spatial structure in field experiments.

Páginas 308-326 en S. M. Scheiner & J. Gurevitch, editores. Design and Analysis of

Ecological Experiments. Oxford University Press, Nueva York, Estados Unidos.

Fowler, N. L. 1986. Microsite requirements for germination and establishment of three grass

species. American Midland Naturalist 115: 131-145.

Franco, A. C. & P. S. Nobel. 1989. Effect of nurse plants on the microhabitat growth of cacti.

Journal of Ecology 77: 870-886.

316 Bibliografía

Franco-Pizaña, J., T. E. Fulbright, D. T. Gardiner & A. R. Tipton. 1996. Shrub emergence and

seedling growth in microenvironments created by Prosopis glandulosa. Journal of


Fransen, B., M. De Boer, M. Terlou, H. During & W. Dijkman. 1998. Using image-analysis

to quantify the horizontal vegetation pattern in two multi-species savanna grasslands.

Plant Ecology 138: 231-237.

Fresnillo, F. D. E., O. A. Fernández & C. A. Busso. 1995. The effect of water stress on top

and root growth in Medicago minima. Journal of Arid Environments 29: 47-54.

Friedman, J. 1987. Allelophaty in desert ecosystem. Páginas 118-128 en G. Waller, editor.

Allelochemicals: Role in agriculture and forestry, American Chemical Society,

Washington, Estados Unidos.

Fulbright, T. E., J. O. Kuti, & A. R. Tipton. 1995. Effects of nurse-plant canopy temperatures

on shrub seed germination and seedling growth. Acta Oecologica 16: 621-632.

Gadgil, P. D. & J. Bain. 1999. Vulnerability of planted forests to biotic and abiotic

disturbances. New Forests 17: 227-238.

Galán, P., R. Gamarra & J. I. García. 1998. Árboles y arbustos de la Península Ibérica e Islas

Baleares. Ediciones Jaguar. Madrid.

Gallardo, A. & W. H. Schlesinger. 1992. Carbon and nitrogen limitations of soil microbial

biomass in desert ecosystems. Biogeochemistry 18: 1-17.

Gallardo, A., J. J. Rodríguez-Sacucedo, F. Covelo & R. Fernández-Ales. 2000. Soil nitrogen

heterogeneity in a Dehesa ecosystem. Plant and Soil 222:71-82.

Galle, S., M. Ehrmann & C. Peugeot. 1999. Water balance in a banded vegetation pattern: A

case study of tiger bush in western Niger. Catena 37:197-216.

Garbaye, J. 2000. The role of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in the resistance of forests to water

stress. Agriculture 29: 63-69.

García, C. & T. Hernández. 1996. Organic matter in bare soils of the Mediterranean region

with semiarid climate. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 10: 31-41.

García, C., T. Hernandez, J. Albaladejo, V. Castillo & A. Roldán. 1998. Revegetation in

semiarid zones: Influence of terracing and organic refuse on microbial activity. Soil

Science Society of America Journal 62: 670-676.

García, D., R. Zamora, J. A. Hódar, J. M. Gómez & J. Castro. 2000. Yew (Taxus baccata L.)

is facilitated by fleshy-fruited shrubs in Mediterranean environments. Biological

Conservation 95: 31-38.

Bibliografía 317

García Abril, A., F. Galiana & I. Torrecilla. 1990. Puntos de referencia en la naturaleza para

la reconstrucción y aprovechammiento de los montes. Ecología Fuera de Serie 1: 463-468.

García-Fayos, P. & M. Gasque. Consequences of a severe drought on spatial patterns of

woody plants in a two-phase mosaic steppe of Stipa tenacissima L. Journal of Arid

Environments (en prensa).

García-Moya, E. & C. M. McKell. 1970. Contribution of shurbs to the nitrogen economy of a

desert wash plant community. Ecology 51: 81-88.

Garner, W. & Y. Steinberger. 1989. A proposed mechanism for the formation of “Fertile

Islands” in the desert ecosystem. Journal of Arid Environments 16: 257-262.

Gass, L. & P. W. Barnes. 1998. Microclimate and understory structure of live oak (Quercus

fusiformis) clusters in central Texas, USA. Southwestern Naturalist 43: 183-194.

Gauquelin, T., G. Jalut, M. Iglesias, F. Valle, F. Fromard & J. J. Deboubat. 1996. Phytomass

and carbon storage in the Stipa tenacissima steppes of the Baza basin, Andalusia, Spain.


Gauquelin, T., G. Jalut, M. Iglesias, F. Valle. 1998. Phytomass and carbon storage in the

steppes of eastern Andalusia, Spain. Ambio 27: 99-103.

Gil, L. & M. Aránzazu. 1993. Los pinos como especies básicas en la restauración forestal en

el medio mediterráneo. Ecología 7: 113-125.

Gil Mascarell, M., T. F. Glick, A. Furió, M. Ardit & C. García Monerris, editores. 1991.

Història del País Valencià. Papers Bàsics 3i4. Valencia.

Gill, D. S. & P. L. Marks. 1991. Tree and shrub seedling colonization of old fields in central

New York (USA). Ecological Monographs 61: 183-206.

Gobbi, M. & T. Schlichter. 1998. Survival of Austrocedrus chilensis seedlings in relation to

microsite conditions and forest thinning. Forest Ecology and Management 111: 137-146.

Goldberg, D. E. 1990. Components of resource competition in plant communities. Pages 27-

49 en J. Grace & D. Tilman, editores. Perspectives in plant competition. Academic Press,

San Diego, California, Estados Unidos.

Gómez, F. J. 1999. Example of desertification mitigation: integra forest fire prevention in the

Comunidad Valenciana (Spain). Páginas 361-364 en P. Balabanis, D. Peter, A. Ghazi &

M. Tsogas, editores. Mediterranean Desertification. Research results and policy

implications. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.

Gómez, L., R. Zamora, J. A. Hódar, J. M. Gómez & J. Castro. 2001. Facilitation of tree

seedlings by shrubs in Sierra Nevada (SE Spain): Disentangling the mechanisms. Páginas

395-400 en K. Radoglou, editor. Proceedings of the International Conference: Forest

318 Bibliografía

Research: A Challenge For an Integrated European Approach. NAGREF, Forest Research

Institute, Thessaloniki, Grecia.

Gómez Manzaneque, F. (Coord). 1997. Los bosques ibéricos. Editorial Planeta, Barcelona.

González Bernáldez, F. 1990. Consideraciones ecológico-políticas acerca de la conservación

y regeneración de la cubierta vegetal en España. Ecología, Fuera de Serie 1: 439-445.

González, O. J. & D. R. Zak. 1994. Geostatistical analysis of soil properties in a secondary

tropical dry forest, St. Lucia, West Indies. Plant and Soil 163: 45-54.

Goodall, D. W. & N. E. West. 1979. A comparison of techniques for assessing dispersion

patterns. Vegetatio 40: 15-27.

Goodchild, M. F. 1994. Integrating GIS and remote sensing for vegetation analysis and

modelling: methodological issues. Journal of Vegetation Science 5: 615-626.

Goovaerts, P. 1992. Factorial kriging analysis: a useful tool for exploring the structure of

multivariate spatila soil information. Journal of Soil Science 43: 597-619.

Goovaerts, P. 1997. Geostatistics for natural resources evaluation. Oxford University Press,

Nueva York, Estados Unidos.

Goovaerts, P. 1999. Geostatistics in soil science: state-of-the-art and perspectives. Geoderma

89: 1-45.

Goovaerts, P. & R. Webster. 1994. Scale-dependent correlation between topsoil copper and

cobalt concentrations in Scotland. European Journal of Soil Science 45: 79-95.

Gordo, J. & L. Gil. 1990. Los bosques españoles en el Catálogo de Montes de Utilidad

Pública. Ecología, Fuera de Serie número 1: 113-128.

Gosz, J. R. 1984. Biological factors influencing nutrient supply in forest soils. Pages 79-117

en G. D. Bowen & E. K. S. Nambiar, editores. Nutrition of plantation forests. Academic

Press, Nueva York, Estados Unidos.

Goulard, M & M. Voltz. 1992. Linear corregionalization model: tools for estimation and

choice of cross-variogram matrix. Mathematical Geology 24: 269-286.

Grantz, D. A., D. L. Vaughn, R. J. Farber, B. Kim, L. Ashbaugh, T. Van Curen, R. Campbell,

D. Bainbridge & T. Zinck. 1998. Transplanting native plants to revegetate abandoned

farmland in the Western Mojave desert. Journal of Environmental Quality 27: 960-967.

Greenlee, J. T. & R. M. Callaway. 1996. Abiotic stress and the relative importance of

interference and facilitation in montane bunchgrass communities in western Montana.

American Naturalist 148: 386-396.

Greig-Smith, P. 1983. Quantitative Plant Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford,

Reino Unido.

Bibliografía 319

Grime, J. P. 1977. Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its

relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory. American Naturalist 111: 1169-1194.

Groome, H. 1989. Las sugerencias nunca atendidas del plan forestal español. Quercus 44: 30-

34.

Gross, K. L., A. Peters & K.S. Pregitzer. 1993. Fine root growth and demographic responses

to nutrient patches in four old-field plant species. Oecologia 95: 61-64.

Guillet, B. & J. Rouiller. 1982. Particle size analysis. Páginas 261-267 en M. Bonneau & B.

Souchier, editores. Constituents and propierties of soil. Academic Press, Londres, Reino

Unido.

Guo, Q. P. W. Rundel & D. W. Goodall. 1998. Horizontal and vertical distribution of desert

seed banks: patterns, causes and implications. Journal of Arid Environments 38: 465-478.

Gurevitch, J. & L. V. Hedges. 2001. Meta-analysis: Combining the results of independent

experiments. Páginas 347-369 en S. M. Scheiner & J. Gurevitch, editores. Design and

Analysis of Ecological Experiments. Oxford University Press, Nueva York, Estados

Unidos.

Gurevitch, J., J. A. Morrison & L. V. Hedges. 2000. The interaction between competition and

predation: a meta-analysis of field experiments. American Naturalist 155: 435-453.

Gurevitch, J., L. L. Morrow, A. Wallace & J. S. Walsh. 1992. A meta-analysis of field

experiments on competition. American Naturalist 140: 539-572.

Gutiérrez, J. R., P. L. Meserve, L. C. Contreras, H. Vásquez & F. M. Jaksic. 1993. Spatial

distributions of soil nutrients and ephemeral plants underneath and outside the canopy of

Porlieria chilensis shurbs (Zygophyllaceae) in arid coastal Chile. Oecologia 95 : 347-352.

Haase, P. 1995. Spatial pattern analysis in ecology based on Ripley´s K-Function:

Introduction and methods of edge correction. Journal of Vegetation Science 6: 575-582.

Haase, P. 2001. Can isotropy vs. anisotropy in the spatial association of plant species reveal

physical vs. biotic facilitation? Journal of Vegetation Science 12: 127-136.

Haase, P., F. I. Pugnaire, S. C. Clarck & L. D. Incoll. 1996. Spatial patterns in a two-tiered

semi-arid shrubland in southeastern Spain. Journal of Vegetation Science 7: 527-534.

Haase, P., F. I. Pugnaire, S. C. Clarck & L. D. Incoll. 1997. Spatial pattern in Anthyllis

cytisoides shrubland on abandoned land in southeastern Spain. Journal of Vegetation

Science 8: 627-634.

Haase, P., F. I. Pugnaire, S. C. Clarck & L. D. Incoll. 1999. Environmental control of canopy

dynamics and photosynthetic rate in the evergreen tussock grass Stipa tenacissima. Plant

Ecology 145: 327-339.

320 Bibliografía

Hacker, S. D. & M. D. Bertness. 1999. Experimental evidence for factors maintaining plant

species diversity in a New England salt marsh. Ecology 80: 2064-2073.

Hacker, S. D. & S. D. Gaines. 1997. Some implications of direct positive interactions for

community species diversity. Ecology 78: 1990-2003.

Halpern, C. 1988. Early successional pathways and the resistance and resilience of forest

communities. Ecology 69: 1703-1715.

Halvorson, J. J., J. L. Smith & E. H. Franz. 1991. Lupine influence on soil carbon, nitrogen

and microbial activity in developing ecosystems at Mount St. Helens. Oecologia 87: 162-

170.

Halvorson, J. J., H. Bolton, J. L. Smith & R. E. Rossi. 1994. Geostatistical analysis of

resource islands under Artemisia tridentata in the shrub-steppe. Great Basin Naturalist 54:

313-328.

Halvorson, J. J., J. L. Smith, H. Bolton & R. E. Rossi. 1995. Evaluating shrub-associated

spatial patterns of soil properties in a shrub-steppe ecosystem using multiple-variable

geostatistics. Soil Science Society of America Journal 59: 1476-1487.

Halvorson, W. L. & D. T. Patten. 1975. Productivity and flowering of winter ephemerals in

relation to Sonoran desert shrubs. American Midland Naturalist 93: 311-319.

Hambaeck, P. A. & P. Ekerholm. 1997. Mechanisms of apparent competition in seasonal

environments: An example with vole herbivory. Oikos 80: 276-288.

Handley, L. L., R. Azcón, J. M. Ruíz Lozano & C. M. Scrimgeour. 1999. Plant δ15N

associated with arbuscular mycorrhization, drought and nitrogen deficiency Rapid

Communications in Mass Spectrometry 13: 1320-1324

Harper, J. L., J. T. Williams & G. R. Sagar. 1965. The heterogeneity of soil surfaces and its

role in determining the establishment of plants from seed. Journal of Ecology 53: 273-286.

Harper, K.T. & J. Belnap. 2001. The influence of biological soil crusts on mineral uptake by

associated vascular plants. Journal of Arid Environments 47: 347-357.

Harrington, C. A. 1999. Forests planted for ecosystem restoration or conservation. New

Forests 17: 175-190.

Harrington, G. N. 1991. Effects of soil moisture on shrub seedling survival in a semi-arid

grassland. Ecology 72: 1138-1149.

Harris, J. A., P. Birch & J. Palmer. 1998. Land restoration and reclamation. Longman,

Harlow, Reino Unido.

Harrison, S. 1997. How natural habitat patchiness affects the distribution of diversity in

californian serpentine chaparral. Ecology 78: 1898-1906.

Bibliografía 321

Hedges L. V. & I. Olkin. 1985. Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Academic Press,

Londres, Reino Unido.

Henig-Sever, N., A. Eshel, & G. Ne'Eman. 2000. Regulation of the germination of Aleppo

pine (Pinus halepensis) by nitrate, ammonium, and gibberellin, and its role in post-fire

forest regeneration. Physiologia Plantarum 108: 390-397.

Hernández, N. 1998. Efecto de la cubierta vegetal sobre la evolución temporal de la humedad

del suelo. Tesis de Licenciatura. Universidad de Alicante.

Herrera, M. A., C. P. Salamanca & J. M. Barea. 1993. Inoculation of woody legumes with

selected arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia to recover desertified Mediterranean

ecosystems. Applied Environmental Microbiology 59: 129-133.

Herrera, C. M. 1982. Seasonal variation in the quality of fruits and diffuse coevolution

between plants and avian dispersers. Ecology 73: 773-785.

Herrera, C. M. 1984. A study of avian frugivores, bird-dispersed plantas and their interactions

in Mediterranean scrublands. Ecological Monographs 54: 1-23.

Herrero, J. J. & J. L. Rubio. 1994. Impacto de las técnicas forestales de repoblación sobre los

procesos erosivos y la fertilidad del suelo en condiciones ambientales mediterráneas.

Conselleria de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Valencia.

Hilaire-Lisa, R. S. & D. J. Leopold. 1995. Conifer seedling distribution in relation to

microsite conditions in a central New York forested minerotrophic peatland. Canadian

Journal of Forest Research 25: 261-269.

Hillerislambers, R., M. Rietkerk, F. Van den Bosch, H. H. T. Prins & H. De Kroon. 2001.

Vegetation pattern formation in semi-arid grazing systems. Ecology 82: 50-61.

Hirobe, M., N. Ohte, N. Karasawa, G. Zhang, L. Wang & K. Yoshikawa. 2001. Plant species

effect on the spatial patterns of soil properties in the Mu-us desert ecosystem, Inner

Mongolia, China. Plant and Soil 234:195-205.

Hobbs, N. T. 1996. Modification of ecosystems by ungulates. Journal of Wildlife

Management 60: 695-713.

Holl, K. D. & R. B. Howarth. 2000. Paying for restoration. Restoration Ecology 8: 260-267.

Holland, J. M., J. N. Perry & L. Winder. 1999. The within-field spatial and temporal

distribution of arthropods in winter wheat. Bulletin of Entomological Research 89: 499-

513.

Holling, C. S. 1973. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of


322 Bibliografía

Holling, C. S. 2001. Understanding the complexity of economic, ecological, and social

systems. Ecosystems 4: 390-405.

Holmgren, M., M. Scheffer & M. A. Huston. 1997. The interplay of facilitation and

competition in plant communities. Ecology 78: 1966-1975.

Holmgren, M. & M. Scheffer. 2001. El Niño as a window of opportunity for the restoration

of degraded arid ecosystems. Ecosystems 4: 151-159.

Holzapfel, C. & B. E. Mahall. 1999. Bidirectional facilitation and interference between shrubs

and annuals in the Mojave Desert. Ecology 80: 1747-1761.

Honrubia, M., P. Torres, G. Díaz & A. Morte. 1995. Biotecnología Forestal: Micorrización y

micropropagación de plantas. Universidad de Murcia, Murcia.

Hook, P. B. & I. C. Burke. 2000. Biogeochemistry in a shortgrass landscape: Control by

topography, soil texture, and microclimate. Ecology 81: 2686-2703.

Hook, P. B., I. C. Burke & W. K. Lauenroth. 1991. Heterogeneity of soil and plant N and C

associated with individual plants and openings in North American short grass steppe. Plant

and Soil 138: 247-256.

Hook, P. B. & W. K. Lauenroth. 1994. Root system response of a perennial bunch-grass to

neighborhood-scale soil water heterogeneity. Functional Ecology 8: 738-745.

Hook, P. B., W. K. Lauenroth & I. C. Burke. 1994. Spatial patterns of roots in a semi-arid

grassland: abundance of canopy openings and regeneration gaps. Journal of Ecology 82:

485-494.

Hosmer, D. W. & S. Lemeshow. 1989. Applied logistic regression. John Wiley & Sons,


Huang, Z. & Y. Gutterman. 1998. Artemisia monosperma achene germination in sand: Effects

of sand depth, sand/water content, cyanobacterial sand crust and temperature. Journal of

Arid Environments 38: 27-43.

Huber-Sannwald, E. & R. B. Jackson. 2001. Heterogeneous soil-resource distribution and

plant responses-from individual-plant growth to ecosystem functioning. Progress in

Botany 62:451-476.

Huenneke, L. F. & R. R. Sharitz. 1986. Microsite abundance and distribution of woody

seedlings in a South Carolina cypress-tupelo swamp. American Midland Naturalist 115:

328-335.

Humphrey, J. W. & G. S. Patterson. 2000. Effects of late summer cattle grazing on the

diversity of riparian pasture vegetation in an upland conifer forest. Journal of Applied

Ecology 37: 986-996.

Bibliografía 323

Hunter, A. F. & L. W. Aarssen. 1988. Plants helping plants. Bioscience 38: 34-40.

Hutchings, M. J., E. A. John & A. J. A. Stewart (editores). 2000. The ecological consequences

of environmental heterogeneity. Blackwell Science, Cambridge, Reino Unido.

Huttermann, A., M. Zommorodi & K. Reise. 1999. Addition of hydrogels to soil for

prolonging the survival of Pinus halepensis seedlings subjected to drought. Soil and

Tillage Research 295-304.

Hüttl, R. F., B. U. Schneider & E. P. Farrell. 2000. Forests of the temperate region: gaps in

knowledge and research needs. Forest Ecology and Management 132: 83-96.

IGME. 1978a. Mapa geológico de España, escala 1 : 50000. Alicante (872). Servicio de

Publicaciones del Ministerio de Industria y Energía. Madrid.

IGME. 1978b. Mapa geológico de España, escala 1 : 50000. Elda (871). Servicio de


IGME. 1978c. Mapa geológico de España, escala 1 : 50000. Castalla (846). Servicio de


Inouye, R.S., N. J. Huntly, D. Tilman & J. R. Tester. 1987. Pocket gophers (Geomys

bursarius), vegetation and soil nitrogen along a successional sere in east central

Minessota. Oecologia 72: 178-184.

Isaaks, E. H. & M. R. Srivatsava. 1989. An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics. Oxford

University Press, Nueva York, Estados Unidos..

Ishida, A. 1997. Seed germination and seedling survival in a colony of the common

cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo. Ecological Research 12: 249-256.

Izhaki, I., N. Henig-Sever & G. Ne´Eman. 2000. Soil seed banks in Mediterranean Aleppo

pine forests: the effect of heat, cover and ash on seedling emergence. Journal of Ecology

88: 667-675.

Jackson, R. B. & M. M. Caldwell. 1993a. The scale of nutrient heterogeneity around

individual plants and its quantification with geostatistics. Ecology 74: 612-624.

Jackson, R. B. & M. M. Caldwell. 1993b. Geostatistical patterns of soil heterogeneity around

individual perennial plants. Journal of Ecology 81: 683-692.

Jarrell, W. M. & R. A. Virginia. 1990. Soil cation accumulation in a mesquite woodland:

sustained production and long-term estimates of water use and nitrogen fixation. Journal

of Arid Environments 18: 51-56.

Jeltsch, F., S. J. Milton, W. R. J. Dean & N. van Rooyen. 1997. Simulated pattern formation

around artificial waterholes in the semi-arid Kalahari. Journal of Vegetation Science 8:

177-188.

324 Bibliografía

Jenkins, M. B., R. A. Virginia & W. M. Jarrell. 1987. Rhizobial ecology of the woody legume

mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) in a Sonoran Desert arroyo. Plant and Soil 105: 113-120.

Joffre, R. & S. Rambal. 1993. How tree cover influence the water balance of Mediterranean

rangelands. Ecology 74: 570-582.

Jonsson B.G. & J. Moen. 1998. Patterns in species associations in plant communities: the

importance of scale. Journal of Vegetation Science 9: 327-332.

Jordano, P., R. Zamora, T. Marañón & J. Arroyo. 2002. Claves ecológicas para la restauración

del bosque mediterráneo. Aspectos demográficos, ecofisiológicos y genéticos.

Ecosistemas 2002/1 (URL: www.aeet.org/ecosistemas/021/revisionesb2.htm).

Journel, A. G. & C. J. Huijbregts. 1978. Mining geostatistics. Academic Press, Londres,

Reino Unido.

Kadmon, R., A. Yair & A. Danin. 1989. Relationship between soil properties, soil moisture,

and vegetation along loess-covered hillslopes, northern Negev, Israel. Catena Supplement

14: 43-57.

Kaiser, H. 1983. Small-scale spatial heterogeneity influences predation success in an

unexpected way. Model experiments on the functional response of predatory mites

(Acarina). Oecologia 56: 249-256.

Kameyama, Y., N. Nakagoshi & K. Nehira. 1999. Safe site for seedlings of Rhododendron

metternichii var. hondoense. Plant Species Biology 14: 237-242.

Kang, B.T. & A. Ojo. 1996. Nutrient availability of earthworm casts collected from under

selected woody agroforestry species. Plant and Soil 178: 113-119.

Kareiva, P. 1987. Habitat fragmentation and the stability of predator-prey interactions. Nature

326: 388-390.

Keddy, P. A. 1989. Competition. Chapman and Hall, Londres, Reino Unido.

Kellman, M. 1979. Soil enrichment by neotropical savanna trees. Journal of Ecology 67: 565-

577.

Kellner, K. & O. J. H. Bosch. 1992. Influence of patch formation in determining the stocking

rate for southern African grasslands. Journal of Arid Environments 22: 99-105.

Kennington, J. L. & R. V. Helgarson. 1980. Algorithms for Network Programming. Wiley &

Sons, Nueva York, Estados Unidos.

Kikvidze, Z. & G. Nakhutsrishvili. 1998. Facilitation in subnival vegetation patches. Journal

of Vegetation Science 9: 216-264.

Kinvig, R. G. & M. J. Samways. 2000. Conserving dragonflies (Odonata) along streams

running through commercial forestry. Odonatologica 29:195-208.

Bibliografía 325

Knoop, W. T. & B. H. Walker. 1985. Interaction of woody and herbaceous vegetation in a

southern African savanna. Journal of Ecology 67: 565-577.

Koechlin, B., S. Rambal & M. Debussche. 1986. Effects of pioneer trees on soil moisture

content in Mediterranean old fields. Acta Oecologica 7: 177-190.

Kohl, M. & G. Gertner. 1997. Geostatistics in evaluating forest damage surveys:

Considerations on methods for describing spatial distributions. Forest Ecology and


Kolasa, J. & D. C. Rollo. 1991. The heterogeneity of heterogeneity: a glossary. Páginas 1-23

en J. Kolasa & S. T. Pickett, editores. Ecological heterogeneity. Springer, Nueva York,

Estados Unidos.

Korie, S., J. N. Perry, M. A. Mugglestone, S. J. Clark, C. F. G. Thomas & M. N. Mohamad-

Roff. 2000. Spatiotemporal associations in beetle and virus count data. Journal of

Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics 5: 214-239.

Kosmas, C., N. Moustakas, N. G. Danalatos & N. Yassoglou. 1994. The effect of rock

fragments on wheat biomass production under highly variable moisture conditions in

Mediterranean environments. Catena 23: 191-198.

Ksontini, M., P. Louguet, D. Laffray & M. N. Rejeb. 1998. Comparaison des effets de la

contrainte hydrique sur la croissance, la conductance stomatique et la photosynthèse de

jeunes plants de chênes méditerranéens (Quercus suber, Quercus faginea, Quercus

coccifera) en Tunisie. Annales des Sciences Forèstieres 55: 477-495.

Kumar, L., M. Rietkerk, F. van langevelde, J. Van De Koppel, J. Van Andel, J. Hearne, N. de

Ridder, L. Stoosnijder, A. K. Skidmore & H. H. T. Prins. 2002. Relationship between

vegetation growth rates at the onset of the wet season and soil type in the Sahel of Burkina

Faso: implications for resource utilisation at large scales. Ecological Modelling 149: 143-

152.

Kutiel, P. & Z. Naveh. 1987. Soil properties beneath Pinus halepensis and Quercus

calliprinos trees on burned and unburned mixed forest on Mt. Carmel, Israel. Forest


Kyparissis, A., P. Drilias & Y. Manetas. 2000. Seasonal fluctuations in photoprotective

(xanthophyll cycle) and photoselective (chlorophylls) capacity in eight Mediterranean

plant species belonging to two different growth forms. Australian Journal of Plant

Physiology 27: 265-272.

Laguna, E. (Coord.). 1994. Flora vascular rara, endémica o amenazada de la Comunidad

Valenciana. Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria de Medi Ambient. Valencia.

326 Bibliografía

Lajtha, K. & W. H. Schlesinger. 1986. Plant response to variations in nitrogen availability in a

desert shrubland community. Biogeochemistry 2: 29-37.

Lajtha, K. K. & J. D. Marshall. 1994. Sources of variation in the stable isotopic composition

of plants. Páginas 1-21 en K. Lajtha & R. H. Michener, editores. Stable Isotopes in

Ecology and Environmental Science. Blackwell, Londres, Reino Unido.

Lajtha, K. & R. H. Milchener (editores). 1994. Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental

Sciences. Blackwell, Londres, Reino Unido.

Lange, O. L., G. J. Kidron, B. Buedel, A. Meyer, E. Kilian & A. Abeliovich. 1992.

Taxonomic composition and photosynthetic characteristics of the “biological soil crusts”

covering sand dunes in the western Negev Desert. Functional Ecology 6: 519-527.

Lange, O. L., J. Belnap, H. Reichenberger & A. Meyer. 1997. Photosynthesis of green algal

soil crust lichens from arid lands in southern Utah, USA: role of water content on light and

temperature response of CO2 exchange. Flora 192: 1-15.

Lawrey, J. D. 1991. Biotic interactions in lichen community development: A review.

Lichenologist 23: 205-214.

Lapitan, R. L. & W. J. Parton. 1996. Seasonal variabilities in the distribution of the

microclimatic factors and evapotranspiration in a shortgrass steppe. Agricultural and

Forest Meteorology 79: 113-130.

Larsen, J. B. 1995. Ecological stability of forests and sustainable silviculture. Forest Ecology

and Management 73:85-96.

Lechowicz, M. J. & G. Bell. 1991. The ecology and genetics of fitness in forest plants, part 2.

Microspatial heterogeneity of the edaphic environment. Journal of Ecology 79: 687-696.

Lefever, R. & O. Lejeune. 1997. On the origin of tiger bush. Bulletin of Mathematical

Biology 59: 263-294.

Legendre, P. 1993. Spatial autocorrelation – trouble or new paradigm. Ecology 74: 1659-

1673.

Legendre, P. & M. J. Fortin. 1989. Spatial pattern and ecological analysis. Vegetatio 80: 107-

138.

Legendre, P. & L. Legendre. 1998. Numerical ecology. Second english edition. Elsevier

Publishers, Amsterdam, Holanda.

Le Houérou, H. N. 1981. Impacts of man and his animals on mediterranean vegetation.

Páginas 479-522 en F. di Castri, F., D. W. Goodall & R. Specht, editores. Ecosystems of

the world, vol 11. Mediterranean-type shrublands. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Holanda.

Le Houérou, H. N. 1986. The desert and arid zones of Northern Africa. Páginas 104-147 en

Bibliografía 327

M. Evenari, I. Noy-Meir & D. W. Goodall, editores. The ecosystems of the world, vol. 12

B. Hot Deserts and Arid Shrublands. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Holanda.

Le Houerou, H. N. 2000. Restoration and Rehabilitation of Arid and Semiarid Mediterranean

Ecosystems in North Africa and West Asia: A Review. Arid Soil Research and

Rehabilitation 14:3-14.

Le Houérou, H. N. 2001. Biogeography of the arid steppeland north of the Sahara. Journal of


Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of Pattern and scale in Ecology. Ecology 73:1943-1967.

Levine, S.H., 1976. Competitive interactions in ecosystems. American Naturalist 110: 903-

910.

Levine, J. M. 1999. Indirect facilitation: Evidence and predictions from a riparian community.

Ecology 80: 1762-1769.

Levitt, J. 1980. Responses of plants to environmental stresses, Vol II. Academic Press, Nueva

York, Estados Unidos.

Li, H. & J. F. Reynolds. 1995. On definition and quantification of heterogeneity. Oikos

73:280-284.

Liebhold, A. M., R. E. Rossi & W. P. Kemp. 1993. Geostatistics and geographic information

systems in applied insect ecology. Annual Review of Entomology 38: 303-327.

Lister, A. J., P. P. Mou, R. H. Jones & R. J. Mitchell. 2000. Spatial patterns of soil and

vegetation in a 40-year-old slash pine (Pinus elliottii) forest in the Coastal Plain of South

Carolina, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30: 145-155.

Lloret F. 1998. Fire, canopy cover and seedling dynamics in Mediterranean shrubland of

northeastern Spain. Journal of Vegetation Science 9: 417-430.

Lloret, F. & M. Vilà. 1997. Clearing of vegetation in Mediterranean garrigue: Response after

a wildfire. Forest Ecology and Management 93: 227-234.

Long, S. P., S. Humphries & P. G. Falkowski. 1994. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in

nature. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 45: 633-662.

Lonsdale, W. M. & D. G. Abrecth. 1988. Seedling mortality in Mimosa pigra, an invasive

tropical shrub. Journal of Ecology 77: 371-385.

López Bermúdez, F., A. Romero, J. Martínez & J. Martínez. 1996. The El Ardal field site:

soil and vegetation cover. Páginas 169-188 en C. J. Brandt and J. B. Thornes, editores.

Mediterranean desertification and land use. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

328 Bibliografía

López Cadenas, F. (director) 1998. Restauración hidrológico forestal de cuencas y control de

la erosión. Tragsa, Tragsatec, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Ediciones Mundi Prensa,

Madrid.

López González, G. 1993. La guía de incafo de los árboles y arbustos de la Península Ibérica.

3ª Edicición. Editorial Incafo. Madrid.

Lookingbill, T. R. & M. A. Zavala. 2000. Spatial pattern of Quercus ilex and Quercus

pubescens recruitment in Pinus halepensis dominated woodlands. Journal of Vegetation

Science 11: 607-612.

Ludwig, J. A. & D. J. Tongway. 1995. Spatial organization of landscapes and its function in

semi-arid woodlands, Australia. Landscape Ecology 10: 51-63.

Ludwig, J. A. & D. J. Tongway. 1996. Rehabilitation of semiarid landscapes in Australia. II.

Restoring vegetation patches. Restoration Ecology 4: 398-406.

Maestre, F. T. 2000. El medio ambiente en Sax. Estado actual y propuestas de gestión.

Universidad de Alicante y Ayuntamiento de Sax, Alicante.

Mahall, B. E. & R. M. Callaway. 1991. Root communication among desert shrubs.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88:

874-876.

Mallik, A.U., R. J. Hobbs & A. A. Rahman. 1988. Seed-bed substrates and revegetation of

Calluna heathlands following burning. Journal of Environmental Management 27: 379-

398.

Martens, S. N., D. D. Breshears, C. W. Meyer & F J. Barnes. 1997. Scales of above-ground

and below-ground competition in a semiarid woodland detected from spatial pattern.

Journal of Vegetation Science 8: 655-664.

Martiniello, P., G. Baviello & N. Lamascese. 1994. Phenotypic variability for morphological

and yield parameters in woody forage accessions of saltbush (Atriplex halimus L.) and

tree-medic (Medicago arborea L.). Journal of Genetics and Breeding 48: 175-182.

Martínez Arias, R. 1999. El análisis multivariable en la investigación científica. Editorial La

Muralla y Editorial Hespérides, Madrid.

Martínez-Ferri, E., L. Balaguer, F. Valladares, J. M. Chico & E. Manrique. 2000. Energy

dissipation in drought-avoiding and drought-tolerant tree species at midday during the

Mediterranean summer. Tree Physiology 20: 131-138.

Martínez-Sánchez, J. J., M. Casares-Porcel, J. Guerra, L. Gutiérrez-Carretero, R. M. Ros, J.

Hernández-Bastida & M. J. Cano. 1994. A special habitat for bryophytes and lichens in

the arid zones of Spain. Lindbergia 19: 116-121.

Bibliografía 329

Martínez-Sánchez, J. J., P. Ferrandis, J. de las Heras & J. M. Herranz. 2000. Functioning and

dynamics of plant communities in central and southern Spain. Páginas 87-128 en L.

Trabaud, editor. Life and Ecosystems in the Mediterranean, WIT Press, Southampton,

Reino Unido.

Martiniello, P., G. Baviello & N. Lamascese. 1994. Phenotypic variability for morphological

and yield parameters in woody forage accessions of saltbush (Atriplex halimus L.) and

tree-medic (Medicago arborea L.). Journal of Genetics & Breeding 48: 175-182.

Masclans, F. 1990. Guia per a conèixer els arbusts i les lianes. 20ª Edición. Centre

Excursionista de Catalunya. Barcelona.

Mateo, G. & M. B. Crespo. 1998. Manual para la determinación de la flora valenciana.

Monografías de flora Montibérica nº 3. Alicante.

Matheron, M. A. 1971. The Theory of Regionalized Variables and its Applications. Cahiers

du Centre de Morphologie Mathématique de Fountainebleau No. 5., Paris, Francia.

Maxwell, K. & G. N. Johnson. 2000. Chlorophyll fluorescence-a practical guide. Journal of

Experimental Botany 51:659-668.

Mazzarino, M. J., L. Oliva, A. Abril & M. Acosta. 1991. Factors afecting nitrogen dynamics

in a semi-arid woodland (Dry Chaco, Argentina). Plant and Soil 138: 85-98.

McAuliffe, J. R. 1984. Saguaro-nurse tree associations in the Sonoran desert: competitive

effects of saguaros. Oecologia 64: 319-321.

McClaran, M. P. & J. P. Bartolome. 1989. Effect of Quercus douglasii (Fagaceae) on

herbaceous understorey along a rainfall gradient. Madroño 36: 141-153.

Meredieu, C., D. Arrouays, M. Goulard & D. Auclair. 1996. Short range soil variability and

its effect on red oak growth (Quercus rubra L.). Soil science 161: 29-38.

Mendel, Z. 1984. Provenance as a factor in susceptibility of Pinus halepensis to Matsucoccus

josephi (Homoptera: Margarodidae). Forest Ecology and Management 9:259-266.

Mendel, Z., F. Assael, N. Saphir, A. Zehavi, D. Nestel & G. Schiller. 1997. Seedling mortality

in regeneration of Aleppo pine following fire and attack by the scale insect Matsucoccus

josephi. International Journal of Wildland Fire 7: 327-333.

Mendel, Z., F. Assael, S. Zeidan & A. Zehav. 1998. Classical biological control of

Palaeococcus fuscipennis (Burmeister) (Homoptera: Margarodidae) in Israel. Biological

Control 12: 151-157.

Meot, A., P. Legendre & D. Borcard. 1998. Partialling out the spatial component of

ecological variation: Questions and propositions in the linear modelling framework.

Environmental and Ecological Statistics 5: 1-27.

330 Bibliografía

Méthy, M. 1999. Stress-induced effects on Quercus ilex under a Mediterranean climate:

Contribution of chlorophyll fluorescence signatures. Páginas 203-228 en L. Trabaud,

editor. Life and Ecosystems in the Mediterranean. WIT Press, Southampton, Reino Unido.

Méthy, M., D. Gillon & C. Houssard. 1997. Temperature-induced changes of photosystem II

activity in Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27:

31-38.

Miller, T. E. 1994. Direct and indirect interactions in an early old-field plant community.


Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. 1999. Estrategia Forestal Española. Ministerio de Medio

Ambiente. Madrid.

Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. 2002a. Plan Forestal Español. Documento de debate.

Obtenido en internet el 16 de febrero de 2002 en la dirección (URL:

httpp:\www.mma.es/conserv_nat/planes/planifor/pfeindex.htm).

Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. 2002b. Plan Forestal Español. Documento de debate. Anexos

Obtenido en internet el 16 de febrero de 2002 en la dirección (URL:

httpp:\www.mma.es/conserv_nat/planes/planifor/pfeindex.htm).

Miriti, M. N., H. F. Howe & S. J. Wright. 1998. Spatial patterns of mortality in a Colorado

desert plant community. Plant Ecology 136: 41-51.

Mitchley, J., G. P. Buckley & D. R. Helliwell. 1996. Vegetation establishment on chalk marl

spoil: The role of nurse grass species and fertiliser application. Journal of Vegetation

Science 7: 543-548.

Mohammed, G. H., W. D. Binder & S. L. Gillies. 1995. Chlorophyll fluorescence: A review

of its practical forestry applications and instrumentation. Scandinavian Journal of Forest

Research 10: 383-410.

Mohammed, G. H. & W.C. Parker. 1999. Photosynthetic acclimation in eastern hemlock

[Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.] seedlings following transfer of shade-grown seedlings to

high light. Trees 13: 117-124.

Montaña, C., B. Cavagnaro & O. Briones. 1995. Soil water use by co-existing shrubs and

grasses in the Southern Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico. Journal of Arid Environments 31: 1-

13.

Montero, J. L. & P. Alcanda. 1993, Reforestación y biodiversidad. Montes 33: 57-76.

Moore, D. C. & M. J. Singer. 1990. Crust formation effects of soil erosion processes. Soil

Science Society of America Journal 54: 1117-1123.

Bibliografía 331

Moravec, J. 1990. Regeneration of NW African Pinus halepensis forests following fire.

Vegetatio 87: 29-36.

Moreno, J. M. 1999. Forest fires: trends and implications in desertification prone areas of

Southern Europe. Páginas 115-150 en P. Balabanis, D. Peter, A. Ghazi & M. Tsogas,

editores. Mediterranean Desertification. Research results and policy implications. Office

for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.

Morin, P. J. 1999. Community Ecology. Blackwell Science. Malden, Estados Unidos.

Morin, J. & J. van Winkel. 1996. The effect of raindrop impact and sheet erosion on

infiltration rate and crust formation. . Soil Science Society of America Journal 60: 1223-

1227.

Moro, M. J., F. I. Pugnaire, P. Haase & J. Puigdefábregas. 1997a. Mechanism of interaction

between a leguminous shrub and its understorey in a semiarid environment. Ecography

20 : 175-184.

Moro, M. J., F. I. Pugnaire, P. Haase & J. Puigdefábregas. 1997b. Effect of the canopy of

Retama sphaerocarpa on its understorey in a semiarid environment. Functional Ecology

11: 425-431.

Morris, W. F. & D. M. Wood. 1989. The role of lupine in succession on Mount St. Helens:

facilitation or inhibition?. Ecology 70: 697-703.

Morte, A., G. Díaz, P. Rodriguez, J. J. Alarcón & M. J. Sánchez-Blanco. 2001. Growth and

water relations in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal Pinus halepensis plants in response to

drought. Biologia Plantarum 44: 263-267.

Mou, P., R. H. Jones, R. J. Mitchell & B. Zutter. 1995. Spatial distribution of roots in

sweetgum and loblolly pine monocultures and relations with aboveground biomass and

soil nutrients. Functional Ecology 9: 689-699.

Mueller, C. B. & H. C. Godfray. 1999. Indirect interactions in aphid-parasitoid communities.

Researches on Population Ecology 41: 93-106.

Nachman, G. 1981. A simulation-model of spatial heterogeneity and non-random search in an

insect host-parasitoid system. Journal of Animal Ecology 50: 27-47.

Nadelhoffer, K. J. & B. Fry. 1994. Nitrogen isotope studies in forest ecosystems. Páginas 22-

44 en Lajtha, K. & R. H. Milchener, editores. Stable Isotopes in Ecology and

Environmental Sciences. Blackwell, Londres, Reino Unido.

Nagelkerke, N. J. D. 1991. A note on general definition of the coefficient of determination.

Biometrika 78: 691-692.

332 Bibliografía

Nathan, R., U. N. Safriel, I. Noy-Meir & G. Schiller. 1999. Seed release without fire in Pinus

halepensis, a Mediterranean serotinous wind-dispersed tree. Journal of Ecology 87:659-

669.

Nathan, R., U. N. Safriel, I. Noy-Meir & G. Schiller. 2000. Spatiotemporal variation in seed

dispersal and recruitment near and far from Pinus halepensis trees. Ecology 81:2156-

2169.

Naveh, Z. 1975. The evolutionary significance of fire in Mediterranean region. Vegetatio 9:

199-206.

Nedjraoui, D. & J. Touffet. 1994. Influence des conditions stationnelles sur la production de´l

Alfa (Stipa tenacissima L.). Ecologia Mediterranea 20: 67-75.

Neéman, G. & I. Izhaki. 1996. Colonization in an abandoned East-Mediterranean vineyard.

Journal of Vegetation Science 7: 465-472.

Neéman, G. & I. Izhaki. 1998. Stability of pre- and post-fire spatial structure of pine trees in

Aleppo pine forest. Ecography 21: 535-542.

Neéman, G., H. Lahav & I. Izhaki. 1992. Spatial pattern of seedlings 1 year after fire in a

Mediterranean pine forest. Oecologia 91: 365-370

Neéman, G. I. Meir & R. Neéman. 1993. Influence of pine ash on the germination and early

growth of Pinus halepensis Mill. and Cistus salviifolius L. Water Science and Technology

27: 525-532.

Nelson, J. F. & R. M. Chew. 1977. Factors affecting seed reserves in the soil of a Mojave

Desert Ecosystem, Rock Valley, Nye County, Nevada. American Midland Naturalist 97:

300-320.

Nelson, R. E. 1982. Carbonate and gypsum. Páginas 181-197 en A. L. Page, R. H. Miller &

D. R. Keeney, editores. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological

properties. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America.

Madison, Estados Unidos.

Nelson, R. E. & L. E. Sommers. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter.

Páginas 539-580 en A. L. Page, R. H. Miller & D. R. Keeney, editores. Methods of soil

analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy

and Soil Science Society of America. Madison, Estados Unidos.

Nelson, M. R., T. V. Orum, R. Jaime-García & A. Nadeem. 1999. Applications of geographic

information systems and geostatistics in plant disease epidemiology and management.

Plant Disease 83: 308-319.

Bibliografía 333

Niemela, J. 1999. Management in relation to disturbance in the boreal forest. Forest Ecology

and Management 115: 127-134.

Niering, W. A., R. H. Whittaker & C. H. Lowe. 1963. The saguaro: a population in relation to

environment. Science 142: 15-23.

Nilsen L., T. Brossard & D. Joly. 1999. Mapping plant communities in a local Artic landscape

applying a scanned infrared aerial photograph in a geographical information system.

International Journal of Remote Sensing 20: 463-480.

Nobel, P. S. 1984. Extreme temperatures and thermal tolerances for seedlings of desert

suculents. Oecologia 62: 310-317.

Noitsakis B., K. M. Radoglou & P. G. Jarvis. 1991. Water relation and growth in two year old

seedlings of Medicago arborea under short-time water stress. Phyton 31: 111-120.

Norušis, M. J. 1997. SPSS Professional Statistics 7.5. SPSS Inc., Chicago, Estados Unidos.

Nykvist, N. 1983. Soil erosion. The Scientific Magazine of the Swedish Forestry Association.

Nº 1/-83. 48 pp.

Oades, J. M. 1993. The role of biology in the formation, stabilization and degradation of soil

structure. Geoderma 56: 377-400.

Odera, J. 1996. L’état de dégradation actuel des écosystèmes fragiles dans les zones sèches et

le rôle de la foresterie dans la restauration, Note de secrétariat nº 1. Réunion Internationale

d’experts sur la restauration des ecosystèmes forestiers dégradés. Portuguese Ministry of

Agriculture, UNP/UNSO, IPF, CCD & RIOD. Lisboa, Portugal.

Ohlson M. & R. H. Okland. 1998. Spatial variation in rates fo carbon and nitrogen

accumulation in a boreal bog. Ecology 79: 2745-2758.

Okin, G. S., B. Murray & W. H. Schlesinger. 2001. Degradation of sandy arid shrubland

environments: Observations, process modelling, and management implications. Journal of


Oliet, J. A., R. Planelles, M. López & F. Artero. 1997. Efecto de la fertilización en vivero

sobre la supervivencia en plantación de Pinus halepensis. Cuadernos de la SECF 4: 69-79.

Oliver, C. D. & B. C. Larson. 1996. Forest stand dynamics. John Willey & Sons, Londres,

Reino Unido.

Oliver, M. A. & R. Webster. 1986. Semi-variograms for modelling the spatial pattern of

landform and soil properties. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 11: 491-504.

Oliver, M. A. & R. Webster. 1987. The elucidation of soil pattern in the Wyre Forest of the

West Midlands, England. II. Spatial distribution. Journal of Soil Science 38: 293-307.

334 Bibliografía

Oliver, M. A. & R. Webster. 1991. How geostatistics can help you. Soil Use and


Ortuño, F. 1990. El plan para la repoblación forestal de España del año 1939. Análisis y

comentarios. Ecología Fuera de Serie 1: 373-392.

Ovington, J. D. 1954. Studies of the development of woodland conditions under different

trees. II. The forest floor. Journal of Ecology 42: 71-80.

Owens M. K., R. B. Wallace & S. R. Archer. 1995. Landscape and microsite influences on

shrub recruitment in a disturbed semi-arid Quercus-Juniperus woodland. Oikos 74: 493-

502.

Pacala, S. W., C. D. Canham, J. Saponara, J. A. Silander, R. K. Kobe & E. Ribbens. 1996.

Forest models defined by field measurements: Estimation, error analysis, and dynamics.

Ecological Monographs 66: 1-43.

Palmer, M. W. 1988. Fractal geometry: a tool for describing spatial patterns of plant

communities. Vegetatio 75: 91-102.

Pan, D., A. Bouchard, P. Legendre, and G. Domon. 1998. Influence of edaphic factors on the

spatial structure of inland halophytic communities: A case study in China. Journal of


Pannatier, Y. 1997. Variowin Software for Spatial Data Analysis in 2D. Springer Verlag,


Parker, V. T. & V. R. Kelly. 1989. Seed banks in california chaparral and other mediterranean

climate shrublands. Páginas 231-257 en Leck, M. A., V. T. Parker & R. L. Simpson,

editores. Ecology of Soil Seed Banks. Academic Press, San Diego, Estados Unidos.

Parker, W. C., S. R. Watson & D. W. Cairns. 1997. The role of hair-cap mosses (Polytrichum

spp.) in natural regeneration of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss). Forest


Parsons, A. J., A. D. Abrahams & J. R. Simanton. 1992. Microtopography and soil-surface

materials on semi-arid piedemont hillslopes, southern Arizona. Journal of Arid


Paruelo, J. M., H. E. Epstein, W. K. Lauenroth & I. C. Burke. 1997. ANPP estimates from

NDVI for the central grassland region of the United States. Ecology 78: 953-958.

Paruelo, J. M. & W. K. Lauenroth. 1995. Regional patterns of normalized difference

vegetation index in North American shrublands and grasslands. Ecology 76: 1888-1898.

Bibliografía 335

Pastor, J., B. Dewey, R. Moen, D. J. Mladenoff, M. White & Y. Cohen. 1998. Spatial patterns

in the moose-forest-soil ecosystem on Isle Royale, Michigan, USA. Ecological

Applications 8: 411-424.

Paul, E. A. & H. P. Collins. 1997. The characteristics of soil organic matter relative to

nutrient cycling. Páginas 181-197 en R. Lal, W. H. Blum, C. Valentine and B. A. Stewart,

editors. Methods for Assessment of Soil Degratation. CRC Press, Boca Ratón, Florida,

Estados Unidos.

Payn, T.W., R. B. Hill, B. K. Höck, M. F. Skineer, A. J. Thorn & W. C. Rijkse. 1999.

Potential for the use of GIS and spatial analysis techniques as tools for monitoring

changes in forest productivity and nutrition, a New Zealand example. Forest Ecology and


Pebesma, E. J., and C. G. Wesseling. 1998. Gstat: a program for geostatistical modelling,

prediction and simulation. Computers and Geosciences 24: 17-31.

Pecháčková, S., H. J. During, V. Rydlová & T. Herben. 1999. Species-specific spatial pattern

of below-ground plant parts in a montane grassland community. Journal of Ecology 87:

569-582.

Peiró, V. 1998. Gestión de recursos biológicos. Universidad de Alicante, Alicante.

Pelletier, B., J. W. Fyles & P. Dutilleul. 1999. Tree species control and spatial structure of

forest floor properties in mixed-species stand. Ecoscience 6: 79-91.

Peltier, A., J. F. Ponge, R. Jordana & A. Arino. 2001. Humus forms in Mediterranean

scrublands with aleppo pine. Soil Science Society of America Journal 65: 884-896.

Peñuelas, J. L., I. Filella & J. Terradas. 1999. Variability of plant nitrogen and water use in a

100-m transect of a subdesertic depression of the Ebro Valley (Spain) characterized by

leaf δ13C and δ15N. Acta Oecologica 20: 119-123.

Peñuelas, J. L., I. Filella, F. Lloret, J. Piñol & D. Siscart. 2000. Effects of a severe drought on

water and nitrogen use by Quercus ilex and Phillyrea latifolia. Biologia Plantarum 43: 47-

53.

Pérez Cueva, J. A. 1994. Atlas climático de la Comunidad Valenciana. Conselleria de Obras

Públicas, Urbanismo y Transportes, Valencia.

Pérez Trejo, F. 1994. Desertification and land degradation in the European Mediterranean.

European Commission, DG XII, Brussels, Belgium.

Perry, D. A. 1994. Forest ecosystems. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland,

Estados Unidos.

336 Bibliografía

Perry, D.A., R. Molina & M. P. Amaranthus. 1987. Mycorrhizae, mycorrrhizospheres and

reforestation: current knoledge and research needs. Canadian Journal of Forest Research

17: 929-940.

Perry, J. N. 1995a. Spatial analysis by distance index. Journal of Animal Ecology 64: 303-

314.

Perry, J. N. 1995b. Spatial aspects of animal and plant distribution in patchy farmland

habitats. Páginas 95-102 en Glen, D. M., Greaves, M. P. & Anderson, H. M., editores.

Ecology and Integrated Farming Systems. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Bristol, Reino Unido.

Perry, J. N. 1997. Spatial association for counts of two species. En Powell, W., editor.

Arthropod natural enemies in arable land III. The individual, the population and the

community. Acta Jutlandica 72: 149-169.

Perry, J. N. 1998. Measures of spatial pattern for counts. Ecology 79: 1008-1017.

Perry, J.N. & P. Dixon. 2002. A new method to measure spatial association for ecological

count data. Ecoscience 9: 133-141.

Perry, J. N. & M. A. Hewitt. 1991. New index of aggregation for animal counts. Biometrics

47: 1505-1518.

Perry, J. N., E. D. Bell, R. H. Smith & I. P. Woiwod. 1996. SADIE: software to measure and

model spatial pattern. Aspects of Applied Biology 46: 95-102.

Perry, J. N., L. Winder, J. M. Holland & R. D. Alston. 1999. Red-blue plots for detecting

clusters in count data. Ecology Letters 2: 106-113.

Phillips, F. J. 1909. A study on pinyon pine. Botanical Gazette 48: 216-233.

Pickett, S. T. A., M. Cadenasso & S. Bartha. 2001. Implications from the Buell-Small

Succession Study for vegetation restoration. Applied Vegetation Science 4: 41-52.

Pielou, E.C. 1961. Segregation and symmetry in two-species populations as studied by nearest

neighbor relationships. Journal of Ecology 49: 255-269.

Pigott, C. D. 1982. Survival of mycorrhizas formed by Cenococcum geophilum in dry soils.

New Phytologist 92: 513-517.

Pinel, A. B., T. Niyonsenga & P. Legendre. 1995. Spatial and environmental components of

freshwater zooplankton structure. Ecoscience 2: 1-19.

Poesen, J. & H. Lavee. 1994. Rock fragments in top soils: significance and processes. Catena

23: 1-28.

Poorter, H. & E. Garnier. 1999. Ecological significance of inherent variation in relative

growth rate and its components. Páginas 82-121 en F. Pugnaire & F. Valladares, editores.

Bibliografía 337

Handbook of Functional Plant Ecology. Marcel Dekker Inc., Nueva York, Estados

Unidos.

Porta, J., M. López-Acevedo & C. Roquero. 1994. Edafología para la Agricultura y el Medio

Ambiente. Ediciones Mundi-Prensa. Madrid.

Prasse, R. & R. Bornkamm. 2000. Effect of microbiotic soil surface crusts on emergence of

vascular plants. Plant Ecology 150: 65-75.

Pregitzer, K. S., R. L. Hendrick & R. Fogel. 1993. The demography of fine roots in response

to patches of water and nitrogen. New Phytologist 125: 575-580.

Press, W. H., S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling & B. P. Flannery. 1992. Numerical Recipes

in C, second edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Reino Unido.

Preston, D. A. 1996. Harvesting effects on the hydrology of wet pine flats. M. S. Thesis,

Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, Estados Unidos.

Pringle, C. M. 1990. Nutrient spatial heterogeneity. Effects on community structure,

physiognomy, and diversity of stream algae. Ecology 71: 905-920.

Proctor, M.C.F., Z. Nasy, Z. Csintalan, Z. & Z. Takács. 1998. Water-content components in

bryophytes: Analysis of pressure-volume relationships. Journal of Experimental Botany

49: 1845-1954.

Pugnaire, F. I., C. Armas & R. Tirado 2001. Balance de las interacciones entre plantas en

ambientes mediterráneos. Páginas 213-236 en Zamora, R. & F. I. Pugnaire, editores.

Ecosistemas Mediterráneos. Análisis funcional. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Científicas y Asociación Española de Ecología Terrestre, Granada.

Pugnaire, F. I., P. Haase, J. Puigdefábregas, M. Cueto, S. C. Clark & L. D. Incoll. 1996a.

Facilitation and succession under the canopy of a leguminous shurb, Retama

sphaerocarpa, in a semiarid environment in south-east Spain. Oikos 76: 455-464.

Pugnaire, F. I., P. Haase & J. Puigdefábregas. 1996b. Facilitation between higher plants

species in a semiarid environment. Ecology 75: 1420-1426.

Pugnaire, F. I., P. Haase, L. D. Incoll & S. C. Clark. 1996c. Response of the tussock grass

Stipa tenacissima to watering in a semi-arid environment. Functional Ecology 10: 265-

274.

Pugnaire, F. & R. Lázaro. 2000. Seed bank and understorey species composition in a semi-

arid environment: The effect of shrub age and rainfall. Annals of Botany 86:807-813.

Pugnaire, F. I. & M. T. Luque. 2001. Changes in plant interactions along a gradient of

environmental stress. Oikos 93: 42-49.

338 Bibliografía

Puigdefabregas, J. 1995. Desertification: Stress beyond resilience, exploring a unifying

process structure. Ambio 24: 311-313.

Puigdefábregas, J. 1996. El papel de la vegetación en la conservación del suelo en ambientes

semiáridos. Páginas 79-87 en T. Lasanta & J. M. García-Ruiz, editores. Erosión y

recuperación de tierras en áreas marginales. Geoforma Ediciones, Logroño.

Puigdefábregas, J. & G. Sánchez. 1996. Geomorphological implications of vegetation

patchiness on semiarid slopes. Páginas 1027-1060 en M. G. Anderson & S. M. Brooks,

editores. Advances in hillslope processes, Volume 2. John Willey & Sons, Londres,

Reino Unido.

Puigdefábregas, J. & T. Mendizábal. 1998. Perspectives on desertification: western

Mediterranean. Journal of Arid Environments 39: 209-224.

Puigdefábregas, J., A. Solé-Benet, L. Gutiérrez, G. Del Barrio & M. Boer. 1999. Scales and

processes of water and sediment redistribution in drylands: results from the Rambla

Honda field site in Southeast Spain. Earth Science Reviews 48:39-70.

Quereda J. & E. Montón. 1997. Temporales de levante en la fachada mediterránea española:

¿sucesos imprevisibles? Investigaciones Geográficas 18: 5-17.

Querejeta, J. I, A. Roldán, J. Albaladejo & V. Castillo. 1998. The role of mycorrhizae, site

preparation, and organic amendment in the afforestation of a semi-arid Mediterranean site

with Pinus halepensis. Forest Science 44: 203-211.

Quézel, P., 2000. Taxonomy and biogeography of Mediterranean pines (Pinus halepensis and

P. brutia). Páginas 1-12 en G. Ne´eman & L. Trabaud, editores. Ecology, Biogeography

and Management of Pinus halepensis and P. brutia Forest Ecosystems in the

Mediterranean Basin, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Holanda.

Quézel, P. & M. Barbéro. 1992. Le pin d`Alep et les espèces voisines: rèpartition et carctères

ècologiques généraux, sa dynamique récente en France méditerranéenne. Forêt

Méditerranéenne 13: 158-170.

Raffaele, E. & T. T. Veblen. 1998. Facilitation by nurse shrubs of resprouting behavior in a

post-fire shrubland in northern Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vegetation Science 9:

693-698.

Rambal, S. 1984. Water balance and pattern of root water uptake by a Quercus coccifera L.

evergreen scrub. Oecologia 62: 18-25.

Real Academia Española. 1994. Diccionario de la lengua española, 21ª edición. Espasa Calpe,

Madrid.

Rees, M., P. J. Grubb & D. Kelly. 1996. Quantifying the impact of competition and spatial

Bibliografía 339

heterogeneity on the structure and dynamics of a four-species guild of winter annuals.


Rees, M., M. Mangel, L. Turnbull, A. Sheppard & D. Briese. 2000. Ecological heterogeneity:

an ontogeny of concepts and approaches. Páginas 237-266 en Hutchings, M. J., E. A. John

& A. J. A. Stewart (editores), The Ecological Consequences of Environmental

Heterogeneity. Blackwell Science, Cambridge, Reino Unido.

Reichenberger, G. & D. A. Pyke. 1990. Impact of early root competition of fitness

components of four semiarid species. Oecologia 85:159-166.

Renshaw, E. 1997. Spectral techniques in spatial analysis. Forest Ecology and Management

94: 165-174.

Requena, N., P. Jeffries & J.M. Barea. 1996. Assessment of natural mycorrhizal potential in a

desertified semi-arid ecosystem. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62: 842-847.

Retana, J., J. M. Espelta, M. Gracia & M. Riba. 1999. Seedling recruitment. Páginas 89-103

en F. Rodà, J. Retana, C. A. Gracia & J. Bellot, editores. Ecology of Mediterranean

Evergreen Oak Forests. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.

Rey Benayas, J.M. 1998. Drought and survival in Quercus ilex L. seedlings after irrigation

and artificial shading on Mediterranean set-aside agricultural land. Annales des Sciences

Forèstieres 55: 801-807.

Reynolds, J. F. 2001. Desertification. Páginas 61-78 en S. Levin, editor. Encyclopedia of

Biodiversity, Volume 2. Academic Press, Nueva York, Estados Unidos.

Reynolds, J. F., R. J. Fernández & P. D. Kemp. 2000 Drylands and global change: rainfall

variability and sustainable rangeland production. Páginas 73-86 en K. N. Watanabe & A.

Komanine, editores. Challenge of Plant and Agricultural Sciences to the Crisis of

Biosphere on the Earth in the 21st Century. Landes Biosciences, Georgetown, Estados

Unidos.

Reynolds J. F., R. A. Virginia, P. R. Kemp, A. G. de Soyza & D. C. Tremmel. 1999. Impact

of drought on desert shrubs: effects of seasonality and degree of resource island

development. Ecological Monographs 69: 69-106.

Reynolds, H. L. 1999. Plant interactions: competition. Páginas 649-676 en F. I. Pugnaire and

F. Valladares, editors. Handbook of Functional Plant Ecology. Marcel Dekker, Inc., Nueva

York, Estados Unidos.

Richards, J. H. & Caldwell, M. M. 1987. Hydraulic lift: substantion nocturnal water transport

between soil layers by Artemisia tridentata roots. Oecologia 73: 486-489.

340 Bibliografía

Richardson, D.M. 1998. Pines as invaders in the southern hemisphere. Páginas 450-474 en D.

M. Richardson, editor. Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press,


Ridenour, W.M. & R. M. Callaway. 2001. The relative importance of allelopathy in

interference: the effects of an invasive weed on a native bunchgrass. Oecologia, 126: 444-

450.

Rietkerk, M., J. Van De Koppel, L. Kumar & F. van langevelde. 2002. The ecology of scale.

Ecological Modelling 149:1-4.

Ritchie, M. E. & D. Tilman. 1993. Predictions of species interactions from consumer-resource

theory: Experimental tests with grasshoppers and plants. Oecologia 94: 516-527.

Rivas Martínez, S. 1987. Memoria del mapa de series de vegetación de España. Instituto para

la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Madrid.

Rivas Martínez, S. 1996. Geobotánica y bioclimatología. Discurso del acto de investidura de

Doctor Honoris Causa. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Granada.

Rivera, D. & C. Obón. 1991. La guía de incafo de las plantas útiles y venenosas de la

Península Ibérica y Baleares (excluidas medicinales). Editorial Incafo, Madrid.

Roberts, C. & J. A. Jones. 2000. Soil patchiness in juniper-sagebrush-grass communities of

central Oregon. Plant and Soil 223:45-61.

Robertson, G. P., and K. L. Gross. 1994. Assesing the Heterogeneity of Belowground

Resources: Quantifying Pattern and Scale. Pages 237-253 in M. M. Caldwell and R. W.

Pearcy, editors. Exploitation of Environmental Heterogeneity by Plants. Academic Press,


Robertson, G. P. & D. W. Freckman. 1995. The spatial distribution of nematode trophic

groups across a cultivated ecosystem. Ecology 76: 1425-1432.

Robinson, D. 1994. The responses of plants to non-uniform supplies of nutrients. New

Phytologist 127:635-674.

Rojo, L. 2000. Managing desertification in a national context. Páginas 240-248 en G. Enne,

Ch. Zanolla and D. Peter, editors. Desertification in Europe: mitigation strategies, land use

planning. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.

Roldán, A. & J. Albaladejo. 1994 Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and soil restoration on the

growth of Pinus halepensis seedling in a semiarid soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 18:

143-149.

Roldán, A., F. García-Orenes & J. Albaladejo. 1994. Microbial populations in the rhizosphere

of Brachypodium retusum and their relationship with stable aggregates in a semiarid soil

Bibliografía 341

of Southeastern Spain. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 8: 105-114.

Roldán, A., I. Querejeta, J. Albaladejo & V. Castillo. 1996a. Growth response of Pinus

halepensis to inoculation with Pisolithus arhizus in a terraced rangeland amended with

urban refuse. Plant and Soil 179:35-43.

Roldán, A., I. Querejeta, J. Albaladejo & V. Castillo. 1996b. Survival and growth of Pinus

halepensis Miller seedlings in a semi-arid environment after forest soil transfer, terracing

and organic amendments. Annales des Sciences Forestieres 53: 1099-1112.

Romanyà, J., J. Cortina, P. Falloon, K. Coleman & P. Smith. 2000. Modelling changes in soil

organic matter after planting fast-growing Pinus radiata on Mediterranean agricultural

soils. European Journal of Soil Science 51: 627-641.

Romero, A. E., J. Ryder, J. T. Fisher & J. G. Mexal. 1986. Root system modification of

container stock for arid land plantings. Forest Ecology and Management 16: 281-290.

Romero, A. E. & J. M. Avila. 2000. Landscape heterogeneity in relation to variations in

epigaeic beetle diversity of a Mediterranean ecosystem. Implications for conservation.

Biodiversity and Conservation 9: 985-1005.

Ross, G. J. S. 1987. Maximum likelihood program. Numerical Algorithms Group, Oxford,

Reino Unido.

Rossi, J. P., P. Lavelle & A. Albrecht. 1997. Relationships between spatial pattern of the

endogeic earthworm Polypheretima elongata and soil heterogeneity. Soil Biology &

Biochemistry 29: 485-488.

Rossi, R. E., D. J. Mulla, A. G. Journel & E. H. Franz. 1992. Geostatistical tools for

modelling and interpreting ecological spatial dependence. Ecological Monographs 62:

277-314.

Rostagno, C. M., H. F. Del Valle & L. Videla. 1991. The influence of shrubs on some

chemical and physical properties of an aridic soil in north-eastern Patagonia, Argentina.


Rothwell, F. M., E. Hacskaylo & D. Fisher. 1983. Ecto and endomycorrhizal fungus

associations with Quercus imbricaria L. Plant and Soil 71: 309-312.

Rubio, A., & A. Escudero. 2000. Small-scale spatial soil-plant relationship in semi-arid

gypsum environments. Plant and Soil 220: 139-150.

Rubio, E., A. Vilagrosa, J. Cortina, & J. Bellot. 2001. Modificaciones morfofisiológicas en

plantones de P. lentiscus y Q. rotundifolia como consecuancia del endurecimiento hídrico

en vivero. Efectos sobre supervivencia y crecimiento en campo. Páginas 527-532 en Actas

342 Bibliografía

III Congreso Forestal Español. Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Medio Ambiente,

Granada.

Ruiz De la Torre, A. 1993. Mapa forestal de España, E 1: 20000. Alicante. Hoja 8-9. Instituto

para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Madrid, Spain.

Rustad, L. E., J. L. Campbell, G. M. Marion, R. J. Norby, M. J. Mitchell, A. E. Hartley, J. H.

C. Cornelissen, J. Gurevitch & NEWS GCTE. 2001. A meta-analysis of the response of

soil respiration, net nitrogen mineralization, and aboveground plant growth to

experimental ecosystem warming. Oecologia 126: 543-562.

Ryel, R. J., M. M. Caldwell & J. H. Manwaring, 1996. Temporal dynamics of soil spatial

heterogeneity in sagebrush-wheatgrass steppe during a growing season. Plant and Soil

184: 299-306.

Sáenz, C. 1984. ¿Por qué arden nuestros bosques?. Quercus 15: 48.

Saetre, P. 1999. Spatial patterns of ground vegetation, soil microbial biomass and activity in a

mixed spruce-birch stand. Ecography 22: 183-192.

Saetre, P. & E. Baath. 2000. Spatial variation and patterns of soil microbial community

structure in a mixed spruce-birch stand. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 32: 909-917.

Samra, J. S., H. S. Gill & V. K. Bhatia. 1989. Spatial stochastic modelling of growth and

forest resource evaluation. Forest Science 35: 663-676.

Sanchís, E., director. 1990. Guía de la Naturaleza de la Comunidad Valenciana, Vol. I .

Editorial Prensa Alicantina. Alicante

Sánchez, G. 1995. Arquitectura y dinámica de las matas de esparto (Stipa tenacissima L.),

efectos en el medio e interacciones con la erosion. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad Autónoma

de Madrid.

Sánchez, G. & J. Puigdefábregas. 1994. Interactions of plant growth and sediment movement

on slopes in a semi-arid environment. Geomorphology 9: 243-260.

Sánchez, J. R. 1997. Estimación de las pérdidas erosivas inducidas por las técnicas de

preparación del suelo previa a la reforestación en el sur de la Comunidad Valenciana.

Tesis Doctoral. Universidad de Alicante.

Sass, L., Z. Csintalan, Z. Tuba, & I. Vass. 1996. Thermoluminiscence studies on the function

of the photosystem II in the desiccation tolerant lichen Cladonia convoluta.

Photosynthesis Research 48: 205-212.

Schlesinger, W. H., A. D. Abrahams, A. J. Parsons & J. Wainwright. 1999. Nutrient losses in

runoff from grassland and shrubland habitats in Southern New Mexico: I. rainfall

simulation experiments. Biogeochemistry 45: 21-34

Bibliografía 343

Schlesinger, W. H. & D. S. Gill. 1978. Demographic studies of the chaparral shrub,

Ceanothus megacarpus, in the Santa Ynez Mountains, California. Ecology 59: 1256-

1263.

Schlesinger, W. H. & A. M. Pilmanis. 1998. Plant-soil interactions in desert.

Biogeochemistry 42: 169-187.

Schlesinger, W. H., J. A. Raikes, A. E. Hartley & A. F. Cross. 1996. On the spatial pattern of

soil nutrients in desert ecosystems. Ecology 77: 364-374.

Schlesinger, W. H., J. F. Reynolds, G. L. Cunningham, L. F. Huenneke, W. M. Jarrell, R. A.

Virgina & W. G. Whitford. 1990. Biological feedbacks in global desertification. Science

247: 1043-1048.

Schlesinger, W. H., T. J. Ward & J. Anderson. 2000. Nutrient losses in runoff from grassland

and shrubland habitats in southern New Mexico: II. Field plots. Biogeochemistry 49:69-

86.

Schmida, A. & R. H. Whittaker. 1981. Pattern and biological microsite effects in two shrub

communities in southern california. Ecology 62: 234-251

Schneider, D. C. 1994. Quantitative ecology – Spatial and temporal scaling. Academic Press,

San Diego, Estados Unidos.

Schoener, T. W. 1982. The controversy over interspecific competition. American Scientist 70:

586-595.

Schoener, T. W. 1983. Field experiments on interspecific competition. American Naturalist

122: 240-285.

Scholes, M. C. 1998. Effects of pines on soil properties and processes. Páginas 341-353 en D.

M. Richardson, editor. Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press,


Scholes, R. J. & S. R. Archer 1997 Tree-grass interactions in Savannas. Annual Review of

Ecology and Systematics 28:517-544.

Schowalter, T. D. 1988. Forest pest management: a synopsis. Northwest Environmental

Journal 4: 313-318.

Schueller, J. K. 1992. A review and integrating analysis of spatially-variable control of crop

production. Fertilizer Research 33: 1-34.

Scott, N. A., K. R. Tate, R. J. Ford, D. J. Giltrap & C. T. Smith. 1999. Soil carbon storage in

plantation forests and pastures: Land-use change implications. Tellus Series B Chemical

and Physical Meteorology 51: 326-335.

344 Bibliografía

Sedjo, R. A. 1999. The potential of high-yield plantation forestry for meeting timber needs:

Recent performance, future potentials, and environmental implications. New Forests 17:

339-359.

Seghieri, J., S. Galle, J. L. Rajot & M. Ehrmann. 1997. Relationships between soil moisture

and growth of herbaceous plants in a natural vegetation mosaic in Niger. Journal of Arid


Seghieri, J. & S. Galle. 1999. Run-on contribution to a Sahelian two-phase mosaic system:

Soil water regime and vegetation life cycles. Acta Oecologica 20:209-217.

Serrada, R. 1990. Consideraciones sobre el impacto de la repoblación forestal en el suelo.

Ecología Fuera de Serie 1: 453-462.

Serrada, R. (coord.). 1997. Actas de la reunión de Madrid sobre causas de las marras.

Cuadernos de la Sociedad Española de Ciencias Forestales, número 4. Sociedad Española

de Ciencias Forestales, Madrid, Spain.

Shachak, M., M. Sachs & I. Moshe. 1998. Ecosystem management of desertied shrublands in

Israel. Ecosystems 1: 475-483.

Sharratt, B. S. 1997. Thermal conductivity and water retention of a black spruce forest floor.

Soil Science 162: 576-582.

Shearer, G. & D. Kohl, 1986. N2 fixation in field settings, estimations based on natural 15N

abundance. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 13: 699-757.

Shipley, B. D. & P. A. Keddy. 1987. The individualistic and community-unit concepts as

falsifiable hypotheses. Vegetatio 69: 47-55.

Silvertown, J. & J. B. Wilson. 1994. Community structure in a desert perennial community.

Ecology 75: 409-417.

Simanton, J. R., K. G. Renard, C. M. Christiansen & L. J. Lane. 1994. Spatial distribution of

surface rock fragments along catenas in semiarid Arizona and Nevada, USA. Catena 23:

29-42.

Smith, J. L. J. J. Halvorson & H. Bolton. 1994. Spatial relationships of soil microbial

biomass and C and N mineralization in a semi-arid shrub-steppe ecosystem. Soil Biology

& Biochemistry 26: 1151-1159.

Smith, M. W., M. H. Smith & R. K. Chesser. 1983. Biochemical genetics of mosquitofish, 1.

Environmental correlates, and temporal and spatial heterogeneity of allele frequencies

within a river drainage. Copeia 1: 182-193.

Soil Survey Staff. 1994. Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Sixth edition. USDA Soil Conservation

Service, Pocahontas Press, Estados Unidos.

Bibliografía 345

Steen E. 1999. Sustainable Development in Dry Climates: The Mediterranean Area. Ambio

28: 367-371.

Stein, A. J. Brouwer & J. Bouma. 1997 Methods for comparing spatial variability patterns of

millet yield and soil data. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61: 861-870.

Stein, A., J. Riley & N. Halberg. 2001. Issues of scale for environmental indicators.

Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 87: 212-232.

Stewart, A. J. A., E. A. John & M. J. Hutchings. 2000. The world is heterogeneus: ecological

consequences of living in a patchy environment. Páginas 1-8 en Hutchings, M. J., E. A.

John & A. J. A. Stewart (editores), The Ecological Consequences of Environmental

Heterogeneity. Blackwell Science, Cambridge, Reino Unido.

Suárez, F., H. Sáinz, T. Santos & F. González Bernaldez. 1991. Las Estepas Ibéricas.

Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes, Madrid.

Takahashi, K. 1997 Regeneration and coexistence of two subalpine conifer species in relation

to dwarf bamboo in the understorey. Journal of Vegetation Science 8: 529-536.

Terradas, J. 2001. Ecología de la vegetación. Editorial Omega, Barcelona.

Thiéry, J. M., J. H. d´Herbes & C. Valentin. 1995. A model simulating the genesis of banded

vegetation patterns in Niger. Journal of Ecology 83: 497-507.

Thornes, J., 1990. The interaction of erosional and vegetation dynamics in land degradation:

spatial outcomes. Páginas 41-54 en J. Thornes, editor. Vegetation and erosion, Wiley,


Tielborger K. & R. Kadmon. 1997. Relationships between shrubs and annual communitites in

a sandy desert ecosystem: a three-year study. Plant Ecology 130: 191-201.

Tielbörger, K. & R. Kadmon. 2000a. Temporal environmental variation tips the balance

between facilitation and interference in desert plants. Ecology 81:1544-1553.

Tielbörger, K. & R. Kadmon. 2000b. Indirect effects in a desert plant community: is

competition among annuals more intense under shrub canopies? Plant Ecology 150:53-

63.

Tilman, D. 1988. Plant Strategies and the Dynamics and Structure of Plant Communities.

Princenton University Press. Princenton, New Jersey, Estados Unidos.

Tilman, D. 1994. Competition and biodiversity in spatially structured habitats. Ecology 75: 2-

16.

Tilman, D. 1996. Biodiversity: population versus ecosystem stability. Ecology 77: 350-363.

Tilman, D. 1999. The ecological consequences of changes in biodiversity: a search for general

principles. Ecology 80: 1455-1474.

346 Bibliografía

Tilman, D. & J. A. Downing. 1994. Biodiversity and stability in grasslands. Nature 367: 363-

365.

Tomaselli, R. 1981. Main physiognomic types and geographic distribution of shrub systems

related to mediterranean climates. Páginas 95-106 en F. di Castri, D. W. Goodall & R.

Specht, editores. Ecosystems of the world, vol 11. Mediterranean-type shrublands.

Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Holanda.

Tongway, D. J. 1995. Monitoring soil productive potential. Environmental Monitoring and

Assessment 37: 303–318.

Tongway, D. & N. Hindley. 1994. Reading the landscape. A training vourse in monitoring

rangelands by landscape function analysis. CSIRO Div. of Wildlife and Ecology.

Canberra, Australia.

Tongway, D. & N. Hindley. 1995. Assessment of soil condition of tropical grasslands. CSIRO

Div. of Wildlife and Ecology. Canberra, Australia.

Tongway, D. J. & J. A. Ludwig. 1994. Small-scale resource heterogeneity in semi-arid

landscapes. Pacific Conservation Biology 1: 201-208.

Tongway, D. J. & J. A. Ludwig. 1996. Rehabilitation of semiarid landscapes in Australia. I.

Restoring productive soil patches. Restoration Ecology 4: 388-397.

Topp, G. C., J. L. Davis & A. P. Annan. 1980. Electromagnetic detection of soil moisture:

measurement in coaxial transmission lines. Water Resources Research 16: 574-582.

Topp, G. C. & J. L. Davis. 1985. Measurement of soil water content using time-domain

reflectometry (TDR): a field evaluation. Soil Science Society of America Journal 49: 19-

24.

Trabaud, L. 1991. Fire regimes and phytomass growth dynamics in a Quercus coccifera

garrigue. Journal of Vegetation Science 2: 307-314.

Trabaud, L. 1994. Postfire plant community dynamics in the Mediterranean Basin. Páginas 1-

15 en J. M. Moreno & W. M. Oechel, editores. The role of fire in Mediterranean-type

ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, Nueva York, Estados Unidos.

Trangmar B. B., R. S. Yost & G. Uehara. 1985. Application of geostatistics to spatial studies

of soil propierties. Advances in Agronomy 38: 45-94.

Truman, C. C., H. F. Perkins, I. E. Asmussen & H. D. Allison. 1988. Using ground-

penetrating radar to investigate variability in selected soil properties. Journal of Soil and

Water Conservation 43: 341–345.

Tuba, Z., Z. Csintalan & M.C.F. Proctor. 1996. Photosynthetic responses of a moss, Tortula

ruralis, ssp. ruralis, and the lichens Cladonia convoluta and C. furcata to water deficit

Bibliografía 347

and short periods of desiccation, and their ecophysiological significance: a baseline study

at present-day CO2 concentration. New Phytologist 133: 353-361.

Turecheck, W. W. & L. V. Madden. 1999. Spatial pattern of strawberry leaf blight in

perennial production systems. Phytopathology 89: 421-433.

Turner, R. M., S. M. Alcorn, G. Olin & J. A. Booth. 1966. The influence of shade, soil, and

water on saguaro seedling establishment. Botanical Gazette 127: 95-102.

Underwood, A. J. 1997. Experiments in ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,

Reino Unido.

Usher, M. B., R. G. Booth & K. E. Sparks. 1982. A review of progress in understanding the

organisation of communities of soil arthropods. Pedobiologia 23: 126-144.

Valdecantos, A. 2001. Aplicación de fertilizantes orgánicos e inorgánicos en la repoblación de

zonas forestales degradadas de la Comunidad Valenciana. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad de

Alicante.

Valdenegro, M., J. M. Barea & R. Azcon. 2001. Influence of arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi,

Rhizobium meliloti strains and PGPR inoculation on the growth of Medicago arborea

used as model legume for re-vegetation and biological reactivation in a semi-arid

mediterranean area. Plant Growth Regulation 34: 233-240.

Valdés, A. & J. M. Herranz. 1989. Matorrales de la provincia de Albacete: espartales,

romerales y tomillares. Instituto de Estudios Albacetenses. Excma. Diputación de

Albacete.

Valentin, C. & A. Casenave. 1992. Infiltration into sealed soils as influenced by gravel cover.

Soil Science Society of America Journal 56: 1167-1673.

Valentin, C. 1994. Surface sealing as affected by various rock fragment covers in West

Africa. Catena 23: 87-98.

Valentin, C., J. M. d´Herbès & J. Poesen. 1999. Soil and water components of banded

vegetation patterns. Catena 37: 1-24.

Valiente-Banuet, A. & E. Ezcurra. 1991. Shade as a cause of the association between the

cactus Neobuxbaumia tetezo and the nurse plant Mimosa luisana in the Tehuacán Valley,

México. Journal of Ecology 79: 961-971.

Valladares, F. & R. W. Pearcy. 1997. Interactions between water stress, sun-shade

acclimation, heat tolerance and photoinhibition in the sclerophyll Heteromeles arbutifolia.

Plant, Cell and Environment 20: 25-36.

Vallejo, V. R., J. Cortina, A. Vilagrosa, J. P. Seva & J. A. Alloza. Problemas y perspectivas

de la utilización de leñosas autóctonas en la restauración forestal. En J. M. Rey Benayas,

348 Bibliografía

editor. Restauración de Ecosistemas en Ambientes Mediterráneos. Posibilidades y

Limitaciones (en prensa).

Vallejo, V. R., I. Serrasolses, J. Cortina, J. P. Seva, A. Valdecantos & A. Vilagrosa. 2000a.

Restoration strategies and actions in Mediterranean degraded lands. Páginas 221-233 en

G. Enne, Ch. Zanolla and D. Peter, editores. Desertification in Europe: mitigation

strategies, land use planning. Office for Official Publications of the European

Communities, Luxembourg.

Vallejo, V. R., S. Bautista & J. Cortina. 2000b. Restoration for soil protection after

disturbances. Páginas 301-344 en L. Trabaud, editor. Life and Ecosystems in the

Mediterranean, WIT Press, Southampton, Reino Unido.

Van Berghen, J. W., H. J. B. Mettinier Meyer, J. Senink & J. M. Verstraten. 1986. Studies on

soil organic profiles. II. Succession of organic matter profiles in the Mulshorsterzand.

Paginas 85-93 en J. Fanta, editor. Forest dynamics research in Western and Central

Europe. Pudoc Wageningen Press, Wageningen, Holanda.

Van den Driessche, R. 1991. Influence of container nursery regimes on drought resistance of

seedlings following planting. II. Stomatal conductance, specific leaf area, and root growth

capacity. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21: 566-572.

Van Groeningen, J. W. 1999. Constrained optimisation of spatial sampling. A geostatistical

approach. ITC Publication Series. Enschede, Holanda.

Varios autores. 1995a. Segundo Inventario Forestal Nacional. Alicante. Ministerio de

Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Madrid.

Varios autores. 1995b. Catálogo de suelos de la Comunidad Valenciana. Generalitat

Valenciana, Consellería de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Valencia.

Veech, J. A. 2000. Predator-mediated interactions among the seeds of desert plants. Oecologia

124: 402-407.

Vélez, R. 1986. Fire prevention in Aleppo pine forests. Options Mediterranéennes 1: 167-178.

Vélez, R. 1990. Algunas observaciones para una selvicultura de incendios forestales. Ecología

Fuera de Serie 1: 561-571.

Ver Hoef, J. M., D. C. Glenn-Lewin & M. J. A. Werger. 1989. Relationship between

horizontal pattern and vertical structure in a chalk grassland. Vegetatio 83: 147-155.

Vicedo, M. A. & A. De la Torre. 1997. La Sierra de Crevillente: flora y vegetación. Instituto

de Cultura Juan Gil Albert y Generalitat Valenciana. Alicante.

Bibliografía 349

Vilagrosa, A. 2002. Estrategias de resistencia al déficit hídrico en Pistacia lentiscus L. y

Quercus coccifera L. Implicaciones en la repoblación forestal. Tesis Doctoral,

Universidad de Alicante.

Vilagrosa, A., R. N. Caturla, N. Hernández, J. Cortina, J. Bellot & V. R. Vallejo. 2001.

Reforestación en ambiente semiárido del sureste peninsular. Resultados de las

investigaciones desarrolladas para optimizar la supervivencia y el crecimiento de especies

autóctonas. Páginas 213-219 en Actas III Congreso Forestal Español, Tomo II. Junta de

Andalucía, Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Granada.

Vilagrosa, A., J. P. Seva, A. Valdecantos, J. Cortina, J. A. Alloza, I. Serrasolsas, V. Diego, M.

Abril, A. Ferran, J. Bellot & V. R. Vallejo. 1997. Plantaciones para la restauración forestal

en la Comunidad Valenciana. Páginas 435-546 en V. R. Vallejo, editor. La restauración de

la cubierta vegetal en la Comunidad Valenciana. Centro de Estudios Ambientales del

Mediterráneo y Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia.

Vilagrosa, A., J. Cortina, E. Gil & J. Bellot. Suitability of drought precondioning techniques

in Mediterranean land restoration. Restoration Ecology (en prensa).

Villar, S. P., L. Ocana, J. Peñuelas & I. Carrasco. 1999. Effect of water stress conditioning on

the water relations, root growth capacity, and the nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrate

concentration of Pinus halepensis Mill. (Aleppo pine) seedlings. Annals of Forest Science

56: 459-465.

Virginia, R. A. & W. M. Jarrell. 1983. Soil properties in a mesquite-dominated Sonora Desert

ecosystem. Soil Science Society of America Journal 47: 138-144.

Vitousek, P. M. & L. M. Walker. 1989. Biological invasion by Myrica faya in Hawaii: plant

demography, nitrogen fixation and ecosystem effects. Ecological Monographs 59: 247-

265.

Vogt, K. A., D. J. Vogt, H. Asbjornsen & R. A. Dahlgren. 1995. Roots, nutrients and their

relationships to spatial patterns. Plant and Soil 168/169: 113-123.

Von Hardenberg, J., E. Meron, M. Shachak & Y. Zarmi. 2001. Diversity of vegetation

patterns and desertification. Physical Review Letters 87: 198101-1-198101-4.

Wainwright, J., A. J. Parsons & A. D. Abrahams. 1999. Rainfall energy under creosotebush.


Wallinga, J., R. M. W. Groeneveld & L. A. P. Lotz. 1998. Measures that describe weed

spatial patterns at different levels of resolution and their applications for patch spraying of

weeds. Weed Research 38: 351-359.

Walker, B., A. Kinzing & J. Langridge. 1999. Plant attribute diversity, resilience, and

350 Bibliografía

ecosystem function:The nature and significance of dominant and minor species.

Ecosystems 2: 95-113.

Walker, L. R. & F. S. Chapin III. 1986. Physiological controls over seedling growth in

primary succession on an Alaskan foodplain. Ecology 67: 1508-1523.

Walker, L. R., D. B. Thompson & F. H. Landau. 2001. Experimental manipulations of fertile

islands and nurse plant effects in the Mojave Desert, USA. Western North American

Naturalist 61: 25-35.

Ward, R. C. & M. Robinson. 1990. Principles of Hydrology, 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill,

Maidenhead, Reino Unido.

Watson, G. W., K. G. Von der Heide-Spavka & V. K. Howe. 1990. Ecological significance of

endo/ectomycorrhiza in the oak sub-genus Erythrobalanus. Arboriculture Journal 14: 107-

116.

Watt, A. S. 1947. Pattern and process in plant community. Journal of Ecology 12: 1-22.

Webb, S. L. & M. F. Wilson. 1985. Spatial heterogeneity in post-dispersal predation on

Prunus and Uvularia seeds. Oecologia 67: 150-153.

Webster, R. 1985. Quantitative spatial analysis of soil in the field. Advances in Soil Science

3: 1-70.

Webster, R. 2000. Is soil variation random?. Geoderma 97: 149-163.

Webster, R. 2001. Statistics to support soil research and their presentation. European Journal

of Soil Science 52: 331-340.

Webster, R., O. Atteia & J. P. Dubois. 1994. Coregionalization of trace metals in the soil in

the Swiss Jura. European Journal of Soil Science 45: 205-218.

Webster, R. & B. Boag. 1992. Geostatistical analysis of cyst nematodes in soil. Journal of

Soil Science 43: 583-595.

Webster, R. & M. A. Oliver. 1990. Statistical methods for land resource survey. Oxford

University Press, Oxford, Reino Unido.

Webster, R. & M. A. Oliver. 1992. Sample adequately to estimate variograms of soil

properties. Journal of Soil Science 43: 177-192.

Weider, L. J. 1989. Spatial heterogeneity and clonal structure in artic populations of apomictic

daphnia. Ecology 70: 1405-1413.

Weltzin, J. F. & M. B. Coughenhour. 1990. Savanna tree influence on understorey vegetation

and soil nutrients in northwestern Kenya. Journal of Vegetation Science 1: 325-332.

Weltzin, J. F. & G. R. Mcpherson. 1999. Facilitation of conspecific seedling recruitment and

shifts in temperate savanna ecotones. Ecological Monographs 69: 513-534.

Bibliografía 351

Went, F. W. 1942. The dependence of certain annual plants on shrubs in Southern California

deserts. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 69: 100-114.

Werner, C., O. Correia & W. Beyschland. 1999. Two different strategies of Mediterranean

macchia plants to avoid photoinhibitory damage by excessive radiation levels during

summer drought. Acta Oecologica 20: 15-23.

West, N.E. 1989 Spatial pattern-functional interactions in shrub-dominated plant

communities. Páginas 283-305 en C. M. McKell, editor. The biology and utilization of

shrubs. Academic Press, San Diego, Estados Unidos.

West, N. E. 1990. Structure and function of mycrophytic soil crusts in wildland ecosystems of

arid to semi-arid regions. Advances in Ecological Research 20: 179-223.

Whisenant, S. G. 1995a. Landscape dynamics and arid land restoration. Páginas 26-34 en B.

A. Roundy, E, D. McArthur, J. S. Haley and D. K. Mann, compilers. Proceedings:

Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Odgen, Estados Unidos.

Whisenant, S. G. 1995b. Initiating autogenic restoration on degraded arid lands. Páginas 597-

598 en N. E. West, editor. Rangelands in a sustainable biosphere. SRM Publishers, Utah,

Estados Unidos.

Whisenant, S. G. 1999. Repairing Damaged Wildlands. Cambridge University Press,


Whisenant, S. G., T. L. Thurow & S. J. Maranz. 1995. Initiating autogenic restoration on

shallow semiarid sites. Restoration Ecology 3: 61-67.

Whitford, P. B. 1949. Distribution of woodland plants in relation with succession and clonal

growth. Ecology 30: 199-208.

Whitford, W. G., R. Nielson. & A. De Soyza. 2001. Establishment and effects of

establishment of creosotebush, Larrea tridentata, on a Chihuahuan Desert watershed.


Wiens, J. A. 1989. Spatial scale in ecology. Functional Ecology 3: 385-97.

Wiens, J. A. 2000. Ecological heterogeneity: an ontogeny of concepts and approaches.

Páginas 9-32 en Hutchings, M. J., E. A. John & A. J. A. Stewart (editores), The Ecological

Consequences of Environmental Heterogeneity. Blackwell Science, Cambridge, Reino

Unido.

Wiens, J. A. & B. T. Milne. 1989. Scaling of “landscapes” in landscape ecology, or,

landscape ecology from a beetle´s perspective. Landscape Ecology 3: 87-96.

352 Bibliografía

Williams, D. W. & A. M. Liebhold. 1995. Herbivorous insects and global change: potential

changes in the spatial distribution of forest defoliator outbreaks. Journal of Biogeography

22: 665-671.

Wilson, S. D. 2000. Heterogeneity, diversity and scale in plant communities. Páginas 53-70

en Hutchings, M. J., E. A. John & A. J. A. Stewart (editores), The Ecological

Consequences of Environmental Heterogeneity. Blackwell Science, Cambridge, Reino

Unido.

Wilson, S. D. & P. A. Keddy. 1986. Measuring diffuse competition along an environmenta

gradient: results from a shoreline plant community. American Naturalist 127: 862-869.

Wilson, T. B. & E. T. F. Witkowski. 1998 Water requirements for germination and early

seedling establishment in four African savanna woody plant species. Journal of Arid


Wilson J. B., H. Gitay, J. B. Steel & W. M. King. 1998. Relative abundance distributions in

plant communities: effects of species richness and of spatial scale. Journal of Vegetation

Science 9: 213-220.

Winder, L., J. N. Perry & J. M. Holland. 1999. The spatial and temporal distribution of the

grain aphid Sitobion avenae in winter wheat. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 93:

275-288.

Winder, L., C. Alexander, J. M. Holland, C. Woolley & J. N. Perry. 2001. Modelling the

dynamic spatio-temporal response of predators to transient prey patches in the field.

Ecology Letters 4: 568-576.

Winkel, J. K., J. C. Medrano, C. Stanley & M. D. Walo. 1995. Effects of gravel mulch on

emergence of galleta grass seedlings. Páginas 130-134 en B. A. Roundy, E, D. McArthur,

J. S. Haley and D. K. Mann, compilers. Proceedings: Wildland Shrub and Arid Land

Restoration Symposium. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain

Research Station, Odgen, Estados Unidos.

Wolters, V. & M. Schaeffer. 1991. Effects of burrowing by the earthworm Aporrectodea cali-

ginosa (Savigny) on beech litter decomposition in an agricultural and in a forest soil.

Geoderma 56: 627–632.

Wright, R. A. & J. H. Honea. 1986. Aspects of desertification in southern New Mexico,

U.S.A.: soil properties of a mesquite duneland and a former grassland. Journal of Arid


Wright, S. J. & H. F. Howe. 1987. Pattern and mortality in Colorado Desert plants. Oecologia

73: 543-552.

Bibliografía 353

Wu, B., I. Watanabe, M. Hayatsu & I. Nioh. 1999. Effect of ectomycorhizae on the growth

and uptake and transport of 15N-labeled compounds by Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings

under water-stressed conditions. Biology and Fertility of Soils 28: 136-138.

Ximénez, M. C. & R. San Martín. 2000. Análisis de la varianza con medidas repetidas.

Editorial La Muralla y Editorial Hespérides, Madrid.

Yanes, M. 1993. La estepa giennense: crónica de una agonía. Quercus 94: 12-15.

Yohannes, F. 1999 Improvement of water application efficiency by moisture conservation

methods for establishment of planted tree seedlings. Communications in Soil Science and

Plant Analysis 30: 1119-1125.

Zaady, E. 1999. The role of microphytic soil crusts in desert ecosystems. Ecological

Environment 5: 77-84.

Zaady, E., Y. Gutterman & B. Boeken. 1997. The germination of mucilaginous seeds of

Plantago coronopus, Reboudia pinnata, and Carrichtera annua on cyanobacterial soil

crust from the Negev Desert. Plant and Soil 190: 247-252.

Zaady, E., U. Kuhn, B. Wilske, S. L. Sandoval & J. Kesselmeier. 2000. Patterns of CO2

exchange in biological soil crusts of successional age. Soil Biology & Biochemistry

32:959-966.

Zammit, C. A. & P. H. Zedler. 1988. The influence of dominant shrubs, fire and time since

fire on soil seed banks in mixed chaparral. Vegetatio 75: 175-187.

Zamora, R. 2002. La restauración ecológica: una asignatura pendiente. Ecosistemas 2002/1

(URL: www.aeet.org/ecosistemas/021/opinion4.htm).

Zamora, R., J. Castro, J. M. Gómez, D. García, J. A. Hódar, L. Gómez & E. Baraza. 2001a. El

papel de los matorrales en la regeneración forestal. Quercus 187: 40-47.

Zamora, R., J. Castro, J. M. Gómez, D. García, J. A. Hódar, L. Gómez & E. Baraza. 2001b.

Los matorrales facilitan la supervivencia de los brinzales en el monte mediterráneo:

evaluación de una nueva técnica de repoblación forestal. Páginas 154-159 en Actas III

Congreso Forestal Español. Junta de Andalucía, Granada.

Zavala, M. A., J. M. Espelta & J. Retana. 2000. Constraints and trade-offs in mediterranean

plant communities: the case of holm oak-aleppo pine forests. The Botanical Review

66:119-149.

Zinke, P. J. 1962. The pattern of influence of individual forest trees on soil properties.

Ecology 43: 130-133.

Bibliografía -...

Documents

Transcript of Bibliografía -...