Cañas Mar 2014 Colmic.pdf

7/22/2019 Caas Mar 2014 Colmic.pdf

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IPFCIFGL- MQZFLC


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3/56

Qure Afstign 1 smatilgs

AL@M

AF_M01F 0,1: 6=0 ad 0=: 26,=: dd 1 6:: - 2=:

AF_M01B 0,5: 651 ad =8= 22,2: dd 1 6:: - 2=:

AF_M06F 0,5: 65: ad 028 2:,6= dd 1 9:-6=:

AF_M06B 0,9= 6>> ad =01 26,6: dd 1 9:-6=:

58

CLGNAFQPFGFPLDIAHFG@CM

_mrl smvmg E6

Dlcti `mnci fnlgisti ibmriai, brfsicifgi m plrtlnhmsi, hfggl efttl `mccf _MRL QMUMG ug vmrl m prlpril lnnmttl ì auctl, prmemrmg`lcf f qufcsifsifctrf afggf f sure afstign. Cf gulvf Alcdia _MRL QMUMG E6-XXP cf sigtmsi mccf pmremzilgm; ugf afggf ahm sm nmstitf alg cf niustf tmagiaf icfgail, pu mcfrnirm mccm istfgzm fvvmrl algsi`mrmvlci. ]ticizzfbicm sif alg ic nrlug` ahm alg ic pmg`lcfrm.

Duahls fnlgistfs ibrials, brfsicmls y plrtunumsms, hfg hmahl qum cf _MRL QMUMG smf ug vmr`f`mrl lbomtl `m auct, cf prmemri`f `m tl`fs cfsaffs pfrf sure afstign. Cf gumvf Alcdia _MRL QMUMG E6-XXP ms cf sigtmsis `m cf pmremaaig, ugf aff qum sm dfgmof alg cf oustf tmagiaf `mcfgzfdimgtl, pum`m ltlrnfr ìstfgaifs algsi`mrfbcms. ]ticizfbcm smf alg mc nrlug` qum alg mc pmgùcfr.

QICUMR ZCFPM@

FCALG

IPM


4/56

59

QureAfstign

1

Qmatilgs

CLGNAFQPFGFPLDIA

HFG@CM

Zridmrf GX

Cf sincf GX rfpprmsmgtf cidpmngl ì Alcdia f` fg`frm lctrm, rfnniugnmg`l gltmvlci trfnufrì mvlcutivi trfditm cuticizzl ì tmaglclnim m aldpl-gmgti ì gulvf nmgmrfzilgm. Ic risuctftl ugf afggf cmnnmrf, rlbustf, pltmgtm m slprfttuttl fctfdmgtm pmrelrdfgtm m pmremttf pmr mssmrm idpim-

nftf pmr msmnuirm nrlug` afst mstrmdi. Cf Zridmrf GX plssim`m ugfzilgm f`fttf f pmsaftlri mspmrti ahm siaurfdmgtm cf sfprfggl fpprmzzfrcf.Cf Qincfs GX rmprmsmgtf mc mdpml `m Alcdia mg cf algsmauaig `msfrrlccl f trfvs `mc usl `m tmaglclnfs y aldplgmtms `m gumvf nmgmrftilg. Mcafrblgl trfbfof`l f trfvs `mc prlamsl `m igglvfaig Zrl Elram Afrblg aldbigf`l alg rmsigfs mspmaifcdmgtm smcmaailgf`fs pfrf smr uticizf`lspfrf nrlug` afsts mxtrmdls. Cf Zridmrf GX timgm faaig fprlpif`f pfrf cls pmsaf`lrms mxpmrtls qum smnurfdmgtm fprmaifrg.

AL@M

AFZR:>@ 0,2: 6=6 ad 058 2:,5: dd 1 6::-2=:

AFZR:>M 0,5: 65: ad =58 26,9: dd 1 6::-2=:

QICUMR ZCFPM@

FCALG

IPM


5/56

E]RILQF

Cf E]RILQF XXP cf afggf ig trm pmzzi i`mfcm pmr ahi `msi`mrf efrm ic sfctl ì qufcit.]g lnnmttl uticizzfbicm f 15:, fccf pmsaf meemttuftf alg dfrm afcdl f qumccf alg dfrmelrdftl. Cfttrmzzl ` ic dmncil ì s, alg nrfddfturm aldprmsm trf i 62= m` i 6=: nr.Cf E]RILQF XXP pu mssmrm nmstitf fgahm alg cfgai tmagiai, aldm f` msmdpil ic nrlugàfst.

Cf E]RILQF XXP ms cf aff mg 1 smaailgmsm i`mfc pfrf quimg `msmf `fr ug sfctl `m af-

ci`f`. ]g lbomtl uticizfbcm f 15:, `ms`m cf pmsaf mg dfr afcdl aldl mg fctf dfr. Mstfaff f cl dmolr mg nrfdfoms mgtrm 62= y 6=: nr. Cf E]RILQF XXP pum`m smr dfgilbrf-`f alg cfgzfdimgtls tmagials, aldl mc nrlug` afst.

AL@M

AFE]69 0,2: 60> ad =6: 2:,9: dd 1 6:: - 2::


QICUMR ZCFPM@

FCALG

IPM

Qure Afstign 1 smatilgs>:

Rfgnmr xtIc sureafstmr ahm `mai`m ì pfssfrm `fccf tmcmsalpiaf fccf afggf f` iggmsti, eigisam dlctlspmssl pmr faquistfrm ug fttrmzzl ahm seruttmr slcl fc =:%. Vumstl faaf`m pmrah cf sufsamctf v f riaf`mrm su afggm dlctl rini`m m dlctl tmagiahm. Cf gulvf RFGNMR XP stftfprlnmttftf msfttfdmgtm pmr frnigfrm qumstl tipl ì prlbcmdf. ]g fttrmzzl rmfcdmgtm smd-pciam `f nmstirm, df alg tuttm qumccm afrfttmristiahm ahm algtrf`ìstignulgl ug prl`lttl ì

efsaif pi mcmvftf. Cf RFGNMR XP ugf trm smzilgi prlnmttftf su ifdmtri i bfsm vmrfdmgtmmsinui, cmnnmrf, bicfgaiftissidf, smgsibicm ig pmsaf m si afriaf bmgissidl fgahm alg ug si`mafst glrdfcdmgtm msmnuitl.

Mc sureafstmr qum `mai`m pfsfr `m cf aff tmcmsapiaf f cfs affs mgahuefbcms, tmrdigff`quirimg`l glrdfcdmgtm ug dftmrifc qum slcl mxpcltfr fc =:%. Mstl ms `mbi`l f qum sumcmaaig sm amgtrf mg affs duy rni`fs y duy tagiafs, quizs `mstigf`fs fc pmsaf`lr dsmxpmridmgtf`l. Cf gumvf aff RFGNMR XP mst prlymatf`f mxfatfdmgtm pfrf mcidigfr mstmprlbcmdf. ]g dftmrifc rmfcdmgtm smgaiccl m dfgmofr pmrl alg tl`fs cfs afrfatmrstiafs qumìstignumg f ug dl`mcl m nfdf fctf. Cf RFGNMR XP ms ugf aff m 1 smaailgms prlymatf`falg ug ìfdmtrl `m bfsm vmr`f`mrfdmgtm eigl, cinmrf, duy mquicibrf`f, smgsibcm mg pmsaf yqum tfdbimg trfbfof bimg mg ug afstign cinmrl.


AL@M

AFRF9:F 0,1: 6=6 ad =:= 2:,6= dd 1 8: - 65:

AFRF9:B 0,5: 656 ad =2: 2:,2: dd 1 8: - 65:

PIPFGI]D Q-QAPRMFPDMGP


6/56

>6

QureAfstign

1

QmatilgsZridmrf

Cf ZRIDMRF XXP vmrfdmgtm ic pifamrm ì pmsafrm f sure afstign. @ifdmtri sltticissidi,mquicibrfturf ugiaf, nrfg`m slciìt m nrfgì pmrelrdfgam. Cf aldl`f idpungfturf fgtisai-vlcl m ic plrtf ducigmccl Euoi Nlc` Cfbmc, algsmgtlgl ugf pi fnmvlcm nmstilgm `mccfttrmz-zl, sif ig efsm ì rmaupmrl ahm ì cfgail? cfgail ahm pu trfgquiccfdmgtm mssmrm meemttuftlfgahm alg cf tmagiaf alsi``mttf nrlug` afst. Puttl ic dmncil quigì aldm aldplgmgtisti-

af m aldm dftmrifci, pmr qumstf gulvl afddml ì afsf Alcdia.Cf ZRIDMRF XXP ms mc pcfamr m pmsafr f cf sure afstign.@ifdmtrls suticisidls, mquicibril ugial, duy sci`f y pmrelrdfgam. Qu aldl`f mdpufù-rf fgti`msciz y mc plrtf afrrmtm E]OI-Nlc` Cfbmc, pmrditmg ugf fnici`f` mg mc algtrlc `m cfaff, smf mg cf efsm `m rmaupmrfaig aldl `m cfgzfdimgtl, qum pum`m mematufrsm tfdbigalg cf tmagiaf nrlug` afst. Pl`l cl dmolr mgtrm sus aldplgmgtms aldl dftmrifcms.

QICUMR ZCFPM@

FCALG

IPM

AL@M

AFFC:2F 0,2: 60> ad 06= 2:,:: dd 1 8: - 65:

CL

GNAFQPFGFPLDIAHFG@CM

fCDIRF ZRL

Afggf i nrfg`m suaamssl m prmstfzilgi. Zrl`lttf ig afrblgil ].C.F.E. afrfttmrizzftf fug eustl riniìssidl m `f ugf afcaifturf algtmgutf. Uimgm prlplstf ig ùm ìvmrsm fzilgi.Euoi Fcalgitm DG nui`ms (ADGFN) - Euoi Qarmw Rmmc Qmft @ZQ22.

Aff `m tfgtl xitl y prmstfailgms. Zrlùai`f mg afrblgil ].C.F.E. y sm afrfatmrizf plrsu eustm rniìsidl y pugtf algtmgi`f. Mg 2 ìemrmgtms faailgms, Euoi Fcalgitm DG nui`ms(ADGFN) - Euoi Qarmw Rmmc Qmft @Z Q22.


QICUMR ZCFPM@

FCALG

IPM

AL@M

AFZR:>F 0,2: 6=6 ad 02: 2:,1: dd 1 5: - 6=:


7/56

Qure Afstign 1 smatilgs>2


QICUMR ZCFPM@

QIA

QPLGM

CLGNAFQPFGFPLDIAH

FG@CM

AL@M

AFGF05F 0,2: 60> ad =1: 22,>= dd 1 6:: - 2=:

Gfìr

Cf Gfìr ugf afggf ig trm smzilgi, alg afstign 6::/2=: nr, lttidfdmgtm bicfg-aiftf m `ltftf ì ugf pltmgzf tfcm `f algsmgtirm ug fpprlaail meeiafam fgahm fccmsitufzilgi pi mstrmdm. ]g fttrmzzl ahm, f glstrl pfrmrm, pu mssmrm uticizzftl`f ahiugqum fbbif faquisitl ug digidl ì prftiaf ì cfgail, `fc si`m afst ig su.Igìaftf fgahm pmr cf pmsaf fi nrfgì prm`ftlri dmìtmrrfgmi, pmr ic rlak eishign,df fgahm pmr i vlstri vifnni ì pmsaf fccmstmrl.

Cf Gfìr ms ugf afgf mg trms smatilgs, alg afstign 6::/2=: nr. Afgf bimg mquici-brf`f y alg ugf eumrzf sueiaimgtm pfrf pmrditir ug fprlahm meiafz, tfdbimg mgcfs situfailgms ds mxtrmdfs qum cf pmsaf mg mc dfr pum`m rmsmrvfr. Gfturfc-dmgtm, nrfaifs f mstfs afrfatmristiafs mstf afgf ms tfdbimg afpfz `m sftisefamrcf nfgf `m cfgzfdimgtl, qum tl`ls cls fdfgtms `m sure afstign timgmg. Zl`mdls`meigir cf Gfìr ug prlùatl qum pum`m smr uticizf`l plr aufcquimr pmrslgf alg ugdgidl `m pratiaf `m cfgzfdimgtl. Pfdbig f`mauf`f pfrf cf pmsaf `m nrfg`ms`mprm`f`lrms mc Dmìtmrrgml, pfrf cm rlak eishign, pmrl tfdbimg pfrf vumstrlsvifoms `m pmsaf f mc mxtrfgomrl.

_fphirf

Cf _fphirf ugf trm smzilgi alg pltmgzf ì cfgail 8:/2:: nr feei`fbicm ig lngi air-alstfgzf m alg qufcsifsi algìzilgm ì dfrm. ]g fttrmzzl f`fttl pmr ahi amraf ugfafggf pi pltmgtm. Fgahm cf _fphirf alstruitf alg tmaglclnif Zrl Elram Afrblg,m` ltftf i fgmcci Qmf Nui`m GP smrims bcfak fgti tfgncm.

Cf _fphirf ms ugf afgfs `m 1 pimzfs alg eumrzf `m cfgzfdimgtl 8:/2:: nr.,algeifbcm mg aufcquimr airaugstfgaif y alg aufcquimr algìaig `m dfr. ]gf afgf

f`fptf pfrf quig busaf ugf afgf dfs pltmgtm. Fug, cf _fphirf mstf algstrui`falg tmaglclnif Zrl Elram Afrblg y mstf mquipf`f `m fgiccls Qmf Nui`m GP smrimbcfak fgti tfgncm.

AL@M

AF_F:6F 0,2: 605 ad 05: 26,>: dd 1 8: - 2::

AF_F:6B 0,=: 6=> ad =2: 22,0= dd 1 8: - 2::


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>1

QureAfstign

1

Qmatilgs

RmvivfcCf Rmvivfc vimgm prlplstf ig ùm ìeemrmgti cugnhmzzm, mgtrfdbm alg afstign rfgnm8:/65: nr. Vumstf afggf alstruitf smalg`l cigglvftivl dmtl`l i fssmdbcfnnil ZrlElram afrblg, ahm algemrisam rmfttivit m` feei`fbicit mstrmdm. Cf Rmvivfc si ìstignumpmr smdpciait usl, cmnnmrmzzf, lttidf lwg elram m nrfg`m smgsibicit.

Cm Rmvivfc mst ìsplgibcm mg `ls cfrnumzfs ìemrmgtms, cls `ls alg afstign rfgnm 8:/65:nr. Mstf afgf mst algstrui`f `m faumr`l alg mc igglvf`lr dtl`l `m dlgtfom Zrl Elram

Afrblg, qum cm algeimrm cf afpfai`f` `m rmspumstf y cf algeifbici`f` mxtrmdf. Cm Rmvivfcsm afrfatmrizf plr cf efaici`f` `m usl, pmsl cinmrl, mxamcmgtm `lwg elram y nrfg smgsibi-ci`f`.

AL@M

AFRM0:F 0,2: 60= ad 086 2:,9: dd 1 8: - 65:

AFRM0:B 0,=: 6== ad =2: 26,6: dd 1 8: - 65:

AL@M

AFNC6:F 0,2: 608 ad =6> 22,:: dd 1 6:: - 2::

nclrilsf

Vumstfttrmzzl `ltftl ì fgmccfturf Qmf Nui`m Pitfgiud Q-QA, ahm si ìstignum pmrugf supmreiaim rmsistmgtm fccfbrfsilgm m fccf alrrlsilgm. Vumsti fgmcci nfrfgtisalgl ugpmremttl salrridmgtl mc gyclg urfgtm cfgai m rmaupmri. Cf Nclrilsf, glglstfgtm plssfmssmrm acfssieiaftf aldm afggf pltmgtm, si afriaf mnrmnifdmgtm fgahm alg cm 1 lz mglg gmamssitf ì pfrtialcfrm mspmrimgzf tmagiaf gmc cfgail.

Mstf afgf mstf mquipf`f `m fgiccfs Nui`m Pitfgiud Q-QA, qum sm qum sm ìstignumg plrcf rmsistmgaif f cf fbrfsig, alrrlsig y plr ug bfol nrf`l `m plrlsi`f`. Cfs fgiccfs,f`mdfs `m ugf mxtrmdf rmsistmgaif fc `msnfstm, fsmnurfg ug `mscizfdimgtl pmrematl`m mc gficlg ùrfgtm cls cfgzfdimmtls y rmaupmrfailgms. Cf Nclrilsf, fugqum smr acf-sieiaf`f aldl aff pltmgtm, sm afrnf tfdbimg duy bimg alg mc 1 lz. y gl rmquimrmalglaidimgtls tagials pfrtiaucfr mg mc cfgzfdimgtl.


QIA

QPLGM

PIPFGI]D Q-QAPRMFPDMGP

CLGNAFQPFGF

PLDIAHFG@CM


9/56

QPFIGCMQQQPMMC ERLQPM@

N]GQDLKM

Qure Afstign 1 smatilgs>0

AL@M

AFF_:6F 0,2: 60> ad =2= 22,9= dd 1 >: - 2::

fzfr` sure

Qi trfttf ì ug fttrmzzl lttidl `fc pugtl ì vistf qufcitftivl,`ltftl ì aldplgmgtistiaf Qmf Nui m tipl DG; ic sul afstign >:- 2:: nr, vi algsmgtir ì feerlgtfrm dlctmpciai situfzilgi, `fqumccf prmttfdmgtm cinht alg dfrm afcdl, f qumccf pi hfr` algdltl lg`lsl slstmgutl. ]g fttrmzzl feei`fbicm m rlbustl, `fv-vmrl lctrm cf glrdf.

Qm trftf `m ug dftmrifc ptidl `ms`m mc pugtl `m vistf `m afci-`f`, `ltf`l `m fgiccfs Qmf Nui`m tipl DG; su afstign >:-2::nrls pmrditir ferlgtfr ductitu` `m situfailgms, `ms`m fqumccfscinht alg mc dfr mg afcdf hfstf cfs ds ùrfs alg ug nrfglcmfom. ]gf aff eifbcm y rlbustf.


Xirf sure

Cf `msarizilgm ì qumstf afggf, riafcaf ig nrfg pfrtm qumccf `mccfslrmccf dfnnilrm F_FR@. Igeftti, `f qumstuctidf mrmìtf dlctm`mccm sum afrfttmristiahm mssmgzifci ? rlbustmzzf mstrmdf, lttidlbicfgaifdmgtl, fdpil rfgnm ùticizzl, m` ug prmzzl fgalrf pifppmtibicm. Cf XIRF XQ `fvvmrl cf trm pmzzi pmr tutti. Cf XIRFXQ, sfr smdprm ugf vfci`f aldpfngf ì pmsaf, ig qufcugqumalgìzilgm.

Cf `msaripaig `m mstf aff, rmafcaf mg nrfg pfrtm fqumccfs `msu hmrdfgf dfylr F_FR@. Mg mematl, mstf ctidf hmrm`f du-ahfs `m sus afrfatmrstiafs msmgaifcms? rlbustmzf mxtrmdf, pti-dl mquicibrf`l, nrfg fbfgial `m usls y ug prmail tl`fvf dsfpmtmaibcm. Cf XIRF XQ ms, `m vmr`f`, ugf aff `m trms pimzfspfrf tl`l. Cf XIRF XQ smr simdprm ugf bumgf aldpfmrf `mpmsaf pfrf aufcquimr situfaig.

AL@M

AFXI:6F 0,2: 60= ad 5=: 20,6: dd 1 >: - 2::

CLGNAFQPFGFPLDIAH

FG@CM

BCFAK ERFDM


10/56


QICUMR ZCFPM

>=

QureAfstign

1

Qmatilgs

firlh

Zrftiafdmgtm ig`istruttibicm, cFirlh XQ efaicm `f usfrm, i`mfcm pmr igi-zifrm, l pmr igtmnrfrm cf prlprif fttrmzzfturf.

Zratiafdmgtm ig`mstruatibcm, cf Firlh XQ ms eaic `m usfr, i`mfc pfrfaldmgzfr l pfrf aldpcmdmgtfr su prlpil mquipl.

AL@M

AFFI:6F 0,2: 60= ad ==9 21,1= dd 1 6:: - 2::


11/56

>5 Bmfah Cm`nmrign 1 smatilgs

Zrldmssf gx

Vumstf afggf lctrm f stupirm pmr smgsibicit m cmnnmrmzzf, vi alcpir fg-

ahm pmr cf efaicit ì uticizzl, algam`mg`l fgahm f pmsaftlri `fc tfssltmagial glg mcmvftissidl i cfgaifrm f ìstfgzm fvvmrl rfnnufr`mvlci.Prm vmttm igtmrafdbifbici ig afrblgil, aldplgmgtistiaf ì lttidf eft-turf, fgmcci f lppil plgtm Qmf nui`m GP (Gl Pfgncm) bcfak smrims.

F`mds `m slrprmg`mr plr cf smgsibici`f` y cf cinmrmzf, ls nustfrf fugplr cf efaici`f` `m uticizl, pmrditimg`l f cls pmsaf`lrms qum gl timgmugf tmagiaf spmaifcizf`f `m cfgzfr f nrfg`ms ìstfgaifs.Prms pugtmrls igtmrafdbifbcms mg afrblgl, fgiccfs `lbcm pumgtm Qmfnui`m GP (Gl Pfgncm) bcfak smrims.

Fnuncif gx

Vumstl gulvl dl`mccl prlplgm dincilri prmstfzilgi alg cfeei`fbicitì smdprm. Nrfzim f` ug niustl dix ì cmnnmrmzzf rfpiìt m pltmgzf ig nrf`l ì risplg`mrm fccmsinmgzf ahm gfsam `lvmg`l pmsafrm algcf tmagiaf `mccf afggf ig dfgl. CFN]NCIF GX fppfrm pi prlgtf mrmfttivf rispmttl fc prmam`mgtm dl`mccl m` ig nrf`l ì nmstirm ltti-dfdmgtm 6::nr.

Mc gumvl dl`mcl lermam ug dmolr rmgìdimgtl alg cf disdf eifbici`f`simdprm. Nrfaifs f ugf aldbigfaig `m cinmrmzf, vmclai`f` y pltmgaifms afpfz `m rmsplg`mr f cf gmamsi`f`ms qum surnmg tmgimg`l qum pm-safr alg cf tmagiaf `m cf afgf mg dfgl. CFN]NCIF GX pfrmam dsprmpfrf`f y smgsibcm rmspmatl f mc dl`mcl fgtmrilr y ms afpfz m nmstirmg dfgmrf mxamcmgtm 6::nr.

AFRBLG PIZ HH

AFRBLG PIZ DH

AFRBLG PIZ CH


12/56

>>

BmfahC

m`nmrign1

smatilgs

AL@M

AFZR:=F 0,2: 602 ad 1>8 65,5: dd 1+1 Pips 2: - 6::

AFZR:=B 0,=: 6=2 ad 015 6>,9: dd 1+1 Pips 2: - 6::

AFZR:=A =,:: 658 ad =15 69,2: dd 1+1 Pips 2: - 6::

AFRBLG PIZ HH

AFRBLG PIZ DH

AFRBLG PIZ CH

CLGNAFQP

FGFPLDIAHFG@CM

AL@M

AFFN:1 =,:: 6=1 ad 08: 68,5: dd 1+1 Pips 2: - 6::

CLGNAFQPFGFPLDIA

HFG@CM


13/56

Bmfah Cm`nmrign 1 smatilgs>8

2 AFRBLGPIZQ

frafìf

]gf afggf tltfcdmgtm igglvftivf, ugf afggf ig nrf`l ì nmstirm i =: nr alsaldm i 68:, ig aldpcmtf sailctmzzf, smgzf efrvi ridpifgnmrm guccf mnci fttrmzzialsi``mtti pi pltmgti . Cf smzilgm sltticissidf m cf nrfg`m rmfttivit, sfprfg-gl `fvvmrl stupirvi; cf suf cmnnmrmzzf m cf suf mstrmdf nmstibicit, efrfgglfctrmttfgtl. ]g vmrl m prlpril lnnmttl `mc `msi`mril, ahm glg pltrmtm efrm fdmgl ì tlaafrm alg dfgl vlstrf.

]gf aff tltfcdmgtm igglvftivf, ugf aff mg nrf`l m algtrlcfr cls =: nr fsialdl 68:, mg aldpcmtf `msmgvlcturf, sig smgtri dmcfgalcf `m cfs affs dspltmgtms, Cf smaaig cinmrsidf y `m nrfg rmfativi`f`, sfbrg `m vmr`f` slr-

prmg`mrgls. Qu cinmrmzf y su nmstibici`f`, hfrg tfgtl. ]g vmr`f`mrl lbomtl.

AL@M

AFFR=:F 0,2: 600 ad 1>1 68,1: dd 1+2 Pips =: - 65:

AFFR=:B 0,=: 6=0 ad 0>: 2:,1: dd 1+2 Pips =: - 65:

AFFR=6F 0,2: 600 ad 10: 68,=: dd 1+2 Pips 5: - 68:

AFFR=6B 0,=: 6=0 ad 00= 69,1: dd 1+2 Pips 5: - 68:

FCALGI

PM

QLEP PL]AH RMMC QMFP



14/56

>9

BmfahC

m`nmrign1

smatilgs

QICUMR ZCFPM

tmKgiaf

Afggf ig trm smzilgi prl`lttf ig afrblgil ].C.F.E. m ZRL ELRAMAFRBLG HD5:O (Pmkgiaf XXP) m HD==O (Pmkgiaf XP) pmr cf pm-saf f bmfah cm`nmrign. Hf ug eustl supmr sltticm `fccf risplstfiddmìftf, pltmgtm m rmfttivl tfgtl `f pltmr lttmgmrm prmstf-zilgi sidici f qumccm `mccm slrmccm dfnnilri prlnmttftm pmr cf

pmsaf f sure afstign.Aff mg trms smaailgms prlùai`fs mg afrblgl ].C.F.E y ZRLELRAM AFRBLG HD5:O (Pmkgiaf XXP) y HD==O (Pmkgiaf XP)plr cf pmsaf f bmfah cm`nmrign. Pimgm ug bcfgk supmr sutic `mrmspumstf igdmìftf, pltmgtm y duahl rmfativl, `m pl`mr alg-smnuir prmstfailgms pfrmai`fs f fqumccls `m cfs hmrdfgfs df-ylrms pcfgmf`fs pfrf cf pmsaf m sure afstign.

AL@M

AFPM2=F 0,2: 600 ad 19: 6>,2: dd 1+1 Pips 1: - 62:

AFPM2=B 0,=: 6=0 ad 05: 68,1: dd 1+1 Pips 1: - 62:

AFPM25F 0,2: 600 ad 1=: 65,>: dd 1+1 Pips 0: - 6=:

AFPM25B 0,=: 6=0 ad 19= 6>,>: dd 1+1 Pips 0: - 6=:

1 AFRBLGPIZQ

QLEP PL]AH RMMC QMFP

CLGNAFQPFGFPLDIAHFG@

CM


15/56

Pmcmsure

`mcuxM sure

Plp ì nfddf pmr cm afggm tmcm sure. Zrl`lttf ig afrblgil fctldlùcl ].C.F.E. rmfcizzftf pmr i pi msinmgti pmsafsplrtivi `mc sureafstign dmìtmrrfgml. Vumstf afggf si prmsmgtf alg ug eustl rini-ìssidl, ugf bulgf smgsibicit i pugtf m` ug lttidf mquicibrfturf.M elrgitf ig ugf mcmnfgtm austlìf rini`f fgtiurtl ig trmvirf.

Zrlùai`f mg afrblgl `m fctl dùcl ].C.F.E. pfrf cls ds mxi-nmgtms pmsaf`lrms `mplrtivls `mc sure afstign dmìtmrrgml. Mstfaff sm lermam alg ug tfdblr duy rni`l, ugf nrfg smgsibici`f` `m

pugtf y ug mquicibril mxamcmgtm. Mc alrtm mspmaifc `m cfs smaailgmspmrditm qum gl sm uticiamg fgiccls `mscizfgtms mg cf pugtf. Qm mgtrm-nf alg ug mcmnfgtm mstuahm ùrl fgti nlcpms mg trmvirf.

AL@M

AF@M:6F 0,2: 6=8 ad 01= 26,1: dd 5 6=:

AF@M:6B 0,2: 6=8 ad 05: 26,=: dd 5 68:

vfrimty sure

Vumstl dl`mccl afrfttmrizzftl f ug eustl dlctl rini`l m rmfttivlm f ugf bulgf smgsibicit i aidf. Ic afrblgil fctl dlùcl ].C.F.E.`lgf f qumstf afggf ug lttidl mquicibril trf pltmgzf m cmnnmrmzzfm` feei`fbicit.

Mstm dl`mcl sm afrfatmrizf plr ug tfdblr duy rni`l y rmfativl,

alg ugf bumgf smgsibici`f` mg cf pfrtm fctf. Mc afrblgl `m fctldùcl ].C.F.E. cm ltlrnf f mstf aff ug mxamcmgtm mquicibril mgtrmmeiafaif, cinmrmzf y eifbici`f`.

AL@M

AFUF:2 0,2: 6=6 ad 02= 26,8: dd 5 61=

PRMUIRF BFN

PRMUIRF BFN

HF

R@CLY

FCALGI

PM

CLGNAFQPFGFPLD

IAHFG@CM

CLGN

AFQPFGFPLDIAHFG@CM

8:


16/56

Bcfst sure

Cf Bcfst ugf gulvf tmcmsalpiaf `f sure afstign prl`lttf alg afrblgil HD m tmaglclnif Zrl ElramAfrblg, qumstf afggf dlctl efaicm f uticizzfrm m algsmgtm i pmsafrm gmccf strfnrfg`m dfnnilrfgzf`mccm situfzilgi risalgtrfbici `fccf spifnnif, m` ig fctri fdbiti risuctf vfci`f fgahm ig salncimrf, `lvmspfzi ristrmtti gmamssitfgl i fttrmzzi ahm fbbifgl fgahm bulgm lti i ecmssibicit, lctrm ahm i rmsistmg-zf. Maamzilgfcm rfpplrtl qufcit prmzzl.

Cf Bcfst ms ugf gumvf tmcmsalpiaf `m sure afstign prlùai`f alg afrblgil HD y tmaglclnif Zrl ElramAfrblg, mstf afgf ms duy efaic `m uticizfr y pmrditm `m pmsafr mg cf nrfg dfylrf `m cfs situfailgms

mgalgtrf`fs `m cf pcfyf, prlùatl vci`l mg mc fafgticf`l `lg`m cls mspfails algeigf`ls rmquimrmgigstrudmgtls alg mxtrmdf ecmxibici`f` ds qum rmsistmgaif. Ufclr mxampailgfc pfrf mc ìgmrl.

AL@M

AFBC89F 0,2: 6=9 ad 062 26,>: dd = 6=:

BCFAK ERFDM

86

Pmcmsure


17/56

Pmcmsure

LRILG =:::

Cf LRILG =::: ugf tmcmsalpiaf prftiaf, feei`fbicm, bicfgaiftf msmdpciaissidf `f uticizzfrm; vimgm prlplstf ig ugugiaf disurf malg trm ìvmrsm aftmnlrim ì pltmgzf. Cm eigiturm ì lttidl civmccl,

idpungfturf fgftldiaf, oligt cigm pmr cfccigmfdmgtl `mccm smzilgim cf gulvf fgmccfturf ig Pitfgil PP ELRAM mccf Qmf Nui`m, algem-risalgl f qumstfttrmzzl ug iddfnigm fvvmrl msacusivf.

Cf LRILG =::: ms ug aff tmcmsapiaf pratiaf, eifbcm, mquicibrf`fy duy smgaiccf `m uticizfr; vimgm prlpumstf mg ugf giaf dmì`fy alg 1 aftmnlrfs ìstigtfs `m pltmgaif. ]gf nrfg afci`f` mg mcfafbf`l, mdpufùrf fgftdiaf, sistmdf oligt cigm pfrf cf fci-gmfaig pmrematf `m cls trfdls y mc gumvl fgiccf`l mg Pitfgil PPELRAM alg fgiccfs Qmf Nui`m, algeimrmg f mstf aff ugf idfnmgvmr`f`mrfdmgtm mxacusivf.

FXI]Q 5:::

Cm gulvm FXI]Q 5::: XP slgl ìsplgibici ig ùm ìvmrsm disurm,`ltftm lngugf i trm ieemrmgti afstign ? 0.2: dt m 0.=: dt , pltmgzf=:/62:, >:-6=: m 9:-2:: nr. Vumstfttrmzzl hf svfrifti prmni, trf iqufci vlncifdl slcl aitfrm? cmnnmrmzzf, ifdmtrl sltticm m slprfttut-tl nrfg`m nlìbicit ig efsm ì pmsaf.

Cfs gumvfs FXI]Q 5::: XP mstg isplgibcms mg ls dmì`fs istig-tfs, y af`f ugf `m mccfs alg 1 ìemrmgtms pltmgaifs `m cfgam? 0,2:dt y 0,=: dt, alg pltmgaifs `m =:-62:, >:-6=: y 9:-2::nr. Mstfsaffs, timgm ìstigtfs aufci`f`ms mgtrm cfs qum qumrmdls `mstfafr?cinmrmzf, ug eigl ìfdmtrl y slbrm tl`l ugf smgsfaig igarmibcm mgfaaig `m pmsaf.

Aruismr

Cf AR]IQMR XQ ugf afggf rlbustissidf m efaicissidf `f nmstirm;Zcfaaf plrtf ducigmccl f vitm, fgmcci Qmf Nui`m tipl DG. Lttidf fg-ahm pmr ic rlak eishign dmìl-cmnnmrl.

Cf Aruismr XQ ms ugf aff duy eumrtm y eaic `m dfgmofr, prlpumstf

mg ug gial tfdfl (0,2:dt) y ls pltmgaifs istigtfs 62:-6=: nr.Zcfaf plrtf afrrmtms `m rlsaf, fgiccfs QMF N]I@M Pipl DG. Zmrematf-dmgtm vci`f pfrf mc rlak eishign dmìl-cinmrl.

prifd

Vumstf gulvf tmcmsalpiaf cfttrmzzl pi igìaftl pmr igzifrm smgzfrigugaifrm fccf qufcit. ]gf afggf ahm pmrdmttm ì feerlgtfrm dlctmsitufzilgi f qumccm pi cinht f qumccm pi hfr`.Mstf gumvf tmcmsalpiaf ms mc igstrudmgtl dfs igìaf`l pfrf md-pmzfr sig rmgugaifr f cf qufci`f`. ]gf afgf qum nrfaifs f su af-stign y f ug pugtmrl duy smgsibcm, pmrditm `m hfamr ermgtm f du-ahfs situftilgms `m pmsaf `m cf pcfyf, `m cf pmsaf dfs cinmrf hfstfcf dfs pltmgtm.

AL@M

AFFX8:F 0,2: 65: ad 18= 26,6= dd 5 =:-62:

AFFX8:B 0,2: 65: ad 068 26,1: dd 5 >:-6=:

AFFX8:A 0,2: 65: ad 0=: 26,9= dd 5 9:-2::

AFFX8:@ 0,=: 65: ad 02= 26,== dd 5 =:-62:

AFFX8:M 0,=: 65: ad 0=: 26,8= dd 5 >:-6=:

AFFX8:E 0,=: 65: ad 0>= 26,6= dd 5 9:-2::

AL@M

AFAR=:F 0,2: 6=1 ad 06: 26,5: dd = 62:

AFAR=:B 0,2: 6=1 ad 062 26,>= dd = 6=:

AL@M

AFZR6:F 0,2: 6=6 ad 085 21,:8 dd 5 8:-6>:

AL@M

AFLR0:F 0,2: 65: ad 198 26,0:dd = 5:-61:

AFLR0:B 0,2: 65: ad 069 26,=: dd = 8:-65:

AFLR0:A 0,2: 65: ad 00= 26,8: dd = 6::-2::

82


18/56


QPFIGCMQ QPMMC ERLQPM@N]G QDLKM

QPFIGCMQ QPMMC ERLQPM@N]G QDLKM

BCFAK ERFDM

BCFAK ERFDM

81

Pmcmsure



19/56

Pmcmsure80

nuggmr sure

Gulvf smrim ì afggm tmcmsalpiahm pmr ic sure afstign, alstruitm igafrblgil HD m HR alg tmaglclnif ].C.F.E. Zrl Elram Afrblg. Qtrut-turftm ig dfgimrf tfcm `f nfrfgtirm feei`fbicit m` lttidm pmrelr-dfgam. Ufci`m pmr qufcugqum tipl ì pmsaf `fccf spifnnif m pmr icrlak eishign cinht.

Gumvf smrim m afgfs tmclsalpiaf pfrf mc sure afstign, algstrui`fsmg afrblgil HD y HR alg tmaglclnif ].C.F.E. Zrl Elram Afrblg.Mstruaturf`l mg elrdf pfrf nfrfgtizfr eifbici`f` y ug mxamcmg-tm rmgìdimgtl. @isplgibcms mg vfrifs vmrsilgms, alg ìemrimgtmsdmì`fs y afstign smrifg afpfz `m aldpcmtfr vumstrf alccmatilg lfdpcifrcl dfs. Uci`fs pfrf aufcquimr tipl `m pmsaf `m cf pcfyf ypfrf mc rlak eishign cinht.

AL@M

AFN]:5F 0,2: 6=: ad 0:: 22,:: dd 5 62:

AFN]:5B 0,2: 6=: ad 0:1 22,:: dd 5 6=:

AFN]:5A 0,2: 6=: ad 025 22,6: dd 5 68:

AFN]:5@ 0,=: 6=: ad 0>: 22,8: dd 5 6=:

AFN]:5M 0,=: 6=: ad 088 21,0= dd 5 68:

BCFAK ERFDM


20/56

8=

Pmcmsure

Alrsfrf

Pmcmsalpiaf prl`lttf ig ducti eibrf pmr cf pmsaf f sure af-stign. M dlctl pltmgtm, feei`fbicm m` hf ug rfpplrtl quf-cit prmzzl dlctl vfgtfnnilsl.

Pmcmsapiaf, efbriaf`f mg ducti eibrf pfrf cf pmsaf sureafstign. Duy pl`mrlsl, eifbcm, y alg ugf rmcfaig mgtrmafci`f` y prmail duy bmgeial.

AL@M

AFAL=8F 1,:: 6:5 ad 28= 20,6: dd 0 2=:AFAL=8B 1,1: 6:5 ad 162 20,6: dd 0 2=:

AFAL=8A 1,5: 666 ad 1== 20,0: dd 0 2=:

AFAL=8@ 1,9: 66= ad 18: 20,>: dd 0 2=:

IDZMPL

Cf gulvf Idpmtl si istignum pmr cm sum afrfttmristiahm i nrfg-`m rlbustmzzf. Afggf pltmgtm, df fc tmdpl stmssl dlctl mcf-stiaf. @f slttlcigmfrm, cf pmzzfturf alrtf `mccm smzilgi, ahmefvlrisam ic trfsplrtl m cignldbrl.

Cf gumvf Idpmtl sm mstfaf plr sus afrfatmrstiafs m nrfg rl-bustmz. Qm trftf `m ugf afgf plgtmgtm y rmsistmgtm alg `mtfccms`m bumg givmc y pugtmrl mg afrblgl ccmgl (slci` tip). Qm `mbmmgeftizfr,cfs dm`i`fs algtmgi`fs `m cls trfdls, qum efvlrmammc trfgsplrtm.

AL@M

AFID:2F 1,5: 621 062 22,0: = 2::

AFID:2B 1,9: 611 00: 22,6: = 2::

AFID:2A 0,2: 6=: =:> 22,8: = 2::

BCFAK ERFDM

BCFAK ERFDM

AL@M

AFF]:6F 1,1: 666 ad 1== 26,5: dd 0 2=:

AFF]:6B 1,5: 622 ad 0:: 22,1: dd 0 2=:

AFF]:6A 1,5: 622 ad 0:: 22,1: dd 0 2=:

AFF]:6@ 0,2: 6=2 ad 09: 01,:: dd 0 2=:

furf

Pmcmsalpiaf prl`lttf ig HDA20P pmr cf pmsaf f sure afstign.M dlctl pltmgtm, feei`fbicm m` hf ug rfpplrtl qufcit prmzzldlctl vfgtfnnilsl.

Pmcmsapiaf, efbriaf`f mg HDA20P pfrf cf pmsaf sure afstign.Duy pl`mrlsl, eifbcm, y alg ugfrmcfaig mgtrm afci`f` y prmailduy bmgeial.


21/56

Pmcm Bmfah - Dlrdlrf

AL@M

AFBC9:F 0,2: 609 ad 1=1 69,0= dd 0 2:-6::

85

BC]M FUM

Afggf tmcmsalpiaf pmr cf pmsaf cmnnmrf. ]g fttrmzzl prftial, rlbustl

m bmg bicfgaiftl. Ic pfrtialcfrm rigelrzl f spirfcm, `lgf fccfttrmzzluctmrilrm feei`fbicit. Cf Bcu fvm Algsinciftf pmr cf pmsaf mccl-rftf alg ic nrfgahil vivl, vistf cf nrfg`m smgsibicit mccf sltticm vmttfig afrblgil pimgl.

Afgf tmcmsalpiaf pfrf cf pmsaf cinmrf alg dfr afcdl. Mc rmeumrzlmspirfc mspmaifc, cm `f ds eifbici`f`. Rmaldmg`f`f pfrf cf pmsaf`m lrf`f alg afgnrmol vivl nrfaifs cf nrfg smgsibici f` m cf pugtf`m afrblgl sci`l ccmgl.

Afcypsl

Cf Afcypsl ug fttrmzzl `fccf bfsm eigm m alg ug fzilgm dlctlfaalgìsamg`mgtm. Cf vmttf ig eibrf i vmtrl, algsmgtm ugf gmttf pmr-amzilgm `mccfbblaaftf. I`mfcm pmr tutti qumi tipi ì pmsaf, ahm gm-amssitfgl ì smgsibicit m fzilgm prlnrmssivf `mccm smzilgi. Igìaftfpmr cf pmsaf `mccf dlrdlrf m `mcclrftf, alg dfrm afrfttmrizzftl `fplaf turblcmgzf.

Cf Afcypsl ms ug igstrudmgtl eig y alg faailg duy alg`msamgìmgtm.Mc pugtmrl mg eibrf `m vi`ril, pmrditm ugf acfrf pmrampaig `m cfpiaf`f. I`mfc pfrf tl`ls cls tipls `m pmsaf qum gmamsitfg smgibici`f`y faailg prlnrmsivf `m cf smaailgms. Igìaf`f pfrf cf pmsaf `m clsdurduccls y lrf`f, alg dfr afrrfatmrizf`l m plaf turbucmgaif.

Nug 996

Vumstf tmcmsalpiaf `f bmfah f pmzzfturf alrtf, alstruitf alg ltti-di dftmrifci m risuctf quigì dlctl prlgtf m rmfttivf. ]gf afggf tuttlpmpm, ivmrtmgtm, cmnnmrf m dfgmnnmvlcm. Zrmzzl maamzilgfcm

Mstf afgf tmcmsalpiaf prf mc bmfah cm`nmrign alg smaailgms alrtfs,mstf algstrui`f alg mxmccmgtms dftmrifcms y plr msl ms duy cistf y

rmfativf. ]gf afgf ìvmrti`f, cinmrf y pratiaf alg ug prmail sigù`f bfol plr cf afci`f` qum ls prlplgmdls.

AL@M

AFAF82F 0,2: 60> ad 1=: 69,0: dd 0 1:-6::

AL@M

AFN]:>F 0,2: 618 ad 0=: 22,6= dd = 1:-6::

AL@M

AFNP:6 0,2: 601 ad 11: 69,0: dd = 1: - 6::

nt02::

Cf afggf si prmsmgtf rmfttivf, cmnnmrf m` mstrmdfdmgtm smgsibicm. CfNP 02:: sfr fpprmzzftf f tutti alclrl ahm prftiafgl cf alsi``mttfpmsaf afggf ig dfgl fccf spifnnif.

Cf affsm prmsmgtf rmfativf, cinmrf y mxtrmdfdmgtm smgsibcm. CfNP ms fprmaif`f plr tl`ls cls pmsaf`lrms `mplrtistfs qum fdfg clsfdbimgtms `m pumrtl, `lg`m cf cinmrmzf hfam cf ìemrmgaif.


22/56

BCFAK ERFDM

BCFAK ERFDM

8>

N]G QDLKM

PmcmBmfahDlrdlrf


23/56

Pmcm Bmfah - Dlrdlrf88

spinlcf

AL@M

AFQZ=:F 0,:: 601 ad 0:= 26,>: dd = 6::

Pmcmsalpiaf prl`lttf ig afrblgil fctf rmsistmgzf prlnmttftf pmr cf pm-saf f sure afstign cmnnmrl m pmr cf pmsaf f bmfah-cmnmrign. Hf ug eustlrini`l m` ugf vmttf dlctl smgsibicm prl`lttf ig afrblgil pimgl. Dlg-tftf alg pfssfgti ig sidic sia m pcfaaf plrtfducigmccl f vitm. Lttidlrfpplrtl, qufcit prmzzl.

Pmcmsapiaf rmfcizf`f mg afrblgl `m nrfg rmsistmgaif, pfrf cf pmsafsure afstign cinmrf y pfrf pmsaf bmfah-cmnmrign. Alg tfdblr rni`l yugf pugtf duy smgsibcm `m afrblgl sci`l. Dlgtf`f alg pfsfgtms mgsidic sia y pcfaf plrtf afrrmtm f rlsaf. Mxamcmgtm rmcfaig mgtrm afci`f`y prmail.

f`vmgturM dlrdlrf

AL@M

AFF@0: 0,2: 60: ad 01: 22,1: dd = 1: - 6::

Pmcmsalpiaf prlnmttftf pmr cf pmsaf f bmfah cm`nmrign, prl`lttf ig afrbl-gil fctf rmsistmgzf HR20. cf afggf i`mfcm pmr cf pmsaf alg i pfsturftlri.Cf smgsibicm vmttf prl`lttf ig eibrf `i vmtrl ductialclr. Uimgm fgmccftfalg pfssfgti `lppil plgtm ig sidic sia m pcfaaf plrtfducigmccl f vitm. Af-stign dfx 6:: nr. Maamzilgfcm rfpplrtl qufcit prmzzl!

Pmcmsapiaf armf`f pfrf cf pmsaf bmfah cm`nmrign, efbriaf`f mg afrblglHR20 `m nrfg rmsistmgaif. Ms cf aff i`mfc pfrf cf pmsaf alg fcidmgtf-`lrms. Cf smgsibici`f` `m cf pugtf ms prl`uai`f mg eibrf `m vi`ril `mvfrils alclrms. Fgiccf`f alg pfsfgtms `lbcm pumgtm mg sidic sia y pcfafplrtf afrrmtm f rlsaf. Afstign dx. 6:: nr. Mxamcmgtm rmcfaig mgtrmafci`f` y prmail!


24/56

89

PmcmBmfahDlrdlrfdlrdlrf

fdfgtm

AL@M

AFDL:6 1,9: 61> ad 00: 22,= dd = 8:

AL@MAFFD1:F 0,:: 60: ad 028 26,9: dd = 6::

Pmcmsalpiaf prl`lttf ig afrblgil fctl dlùcl prlnmttftf pmr cf pmsaf fpmr cf pmsaf fccf dlrdlrf. Hf ug eustl rini`l m` ugf vmttf dlctl smg-sibicm. Dlgtftf alg pfssfgti ig sidic sia m pcfaaf plrtfducigmccl f vitm.

Lttidl rfpplrtl, qufcit prmzzl.Pmcmsapiaf mg afrblgl `m fctl dùcl, pfrf cf pmsaf `m mrcf. Alg tfd-

blr rni`l y ugf pugtf duy smgsibcm `m afrblgl sci`l. Dlgtf`f algpfsfgtms mg sidic sia y pcfaf plrtf afrrmtm f rlsaf. Mxamcmgtm rmcfaigmgtrm afci`f` y prmail.

Cf Dfgtmf ugf afggf `fc eustl sltticm m rini`l fbbigftl f` ugf vmttfig eibmrncfss, rmg`m qumstl fttrmzzl i ugf smgsibicit maamccmgtm gmccfv-vmrtirm cm tlaahm `mi pmsai fgahm ig situfzilgi fvvmrsm.

Cf FDFGPM ms ugf aff vmr`f`mrfdmgtm mxampailgfc tfdbig mg rmcf-aig afci`f`-prmail. Alg tfdblr sutic y rni`l aldbigf`l f ugf pugtfmg eibmrncfss, hfam qum mstf aff tmgnf ugf mxamcmgtm smgsibici`f` fcf`vmrtir mc tlqum `m cls pmams tfdbimg mg ìvmrsfs situfailgms.


25/56

@MGPIAm Cinht

Blcmgtigl Cinht algsinciftl pmr dmìm prlelgìt (=:-6::dt).

Alg cf pfrtialcfrm ìsplsizilgm `mnci fgmcci qumstf maamzilgfcm afggf pumssmrm idpimnftf sif alg ducigmccl eissl l mcmttrial.Glglstfgtm cf sufstrutturf scid, bicfgaifturf maamccmgtm m` ugf pimnf frdlgilsf smgzf fcaugpugtl ì amìdmgtl. Cf nmstilgm ì pildbi m` msahm mgtrl i 1=: nr rmfcm,m` fbbigfg`l fccf @MGPIAM ugl `mi piaalci ducigmcci mcmttriai ùctidf nmgm-rfzilgm, mssf sfpr rmnfcfrvi igìdmgtiafbici dldmgti ì pmsaf.

Ulcfgtg ciomrl pfrf afrrmtms mcatrials.Ulcfgtg cinmrl pfrf dmìfgfs prleugì`f`ms (=: 6::dt).Mc pmaucifr fgiccf`l m mstf aff vfcm tfgtl pfrf mc afrrmtm glrdfc aufgtlpfrf mc afrrmtm mcatrial. Mstf aff timgm ugf dfylr prmstfaig f pmsfr msu mstruaturf scid, bfcfgam mxamcmgtm y ugf pcimnfs frdlgilsfs sig fcnugltrl amìdimgtl. Cf nmstig `m pcldls y msafs 1=: nr. Y aldbigfg`l ugpmquml afrrmtm mcmatrial `m uctidf nmgmrfaig, ls rmnfcfr iglcvi`fbcmsdldmgtls `m pmsaf.

9:

AL@M

AFPF8F 1,5: 619 ad 1>: 68,9: dd 1 >:-0::

AL@M

AF_M00F 2,>: 602 ad 15= 68,6: dd 2 6::-=::

AF_M00B 1,:: 6=8 ad 00= 2:,0: dd 2 6::-=::

_MGGLG Dmìud hmfvy

Blcmgtigl pmr ducigmccl mcmttrial, algsinciftl pmr prlelgìt `f 6:: f2=:dt. Afggf cmnnmrissidf, nrfg`m smgsibici ì vmttf rmfcizzftf alg df-tmrifcm ]CFE ZRL ELRAM vimgm `mstigftf fc blcmgtigl i prlelgìt, tmstftf

su nrfgì laahilgi m amrgim fgahm ì nrlssf tfncif.Ulcfgtg dmìfgl pfrf afrrmtm mcatrialrmaldmg`f`l pfrf prleugì-`f`ms `m mgtrm 6:: y 2=: dt. Aff duy cinmrf y pugtmrl duy smgsibcm,hmahf `m afrblgl alg eibrfs ]CFE ZRL ELRAM. Ms i`mfc pfrf mc vlcfgtg `mprleugì`f` ; cls tmsts sm hfg ccmvf`l f afbl pmsafg`l bmsunls nrfg`msy dmrls `m tfdfl.

Pfgutf Cinht Dmìud

Blcmgtigl Cinht Dmìud sif pmr ducigmccl eissl ahm mcmttrial, algsinciftl

pmr dmìm prlelgìt (=:-62:dt).Cf PFG]PF ug vmrl fttrmzzl `f aldbfttidmgtl. ]gf afggf diaiìfcmalg ic sunfrmccl, cf blnf l ic afcfdfrl ,vivi, pmr ugf pmsaf `mìaftf f sufdfmst ic mgtiam l fi nrlssi Q.Zimtrl.

Ulcfgtg ciomrl pfrf mc afrrmtm glrdfc aufgtl pfrf mc afrrmtm mcatrialpfrf prleugì`f` (=:-62:dt).Cf PFG]PF ms ugf aff dfs rlbustf y fsi ug vmr`f`mrl mquipl `m ald-bftidimgtl. ]gf aff dlrtfc pfrf ìvmrsls ngmrms `m pmams.

ELR QDFcC MCMAPRIA RMMC

ELR QDFcC MCMAPRIA RMMC

Blft 2-1 Qmatilgs

AL@M

AF@M56 2,0: 628 ad 11= 60,9: dd 2 >:-1=:

AF@M56F 2,>: 602 ad 10: 65,:: dd 2 >:-1=:

AF@M56B 1,:: 6=8 ad 1== 65,=: dd 2 >:-1=:

AF@M56A 1,=: 686 ad 00: 69,5: dd 2 >:-1=:


26/56

96

Blft2-

1

Qmatilgs

BCFAK ERFDM

BCFAK ERFDM

BCFAK ERFDM

QMGQIPIUIPY

ALG@]APLR

X-AFRBLG

QMGQIPIUIPY

ALG@]APLR

QMGQIPIUIPY

ALG@]APLR


27/56

PRMUIRF BFN

AL@M

AFHF:6F 2,>: 602 ad =1: 2:,=: dd 2 2=:->=:

AFHF:6B 1,:: 6=5 ad 5:: 26,>: dd 2 2=:->=:

AFHF:6A 2,>: 602 ad =>= 22,>: dd 2 0::-6=::

AFHF:6@ 1,:: 6=5 ad 56: 26,>: dd 2 0::-6=::

92

AL@M

AF_MR6 1,:: 6=9 ad 09= 69,=: dd 2 1::->=:

AF_MR2 1,:: 6=9 ad 56: 2:,>: dd 2 5::-61::

hfcmy arush HMFUY@]PYBLCMGPIGL

Afggf prl`lttf ig afrblgil fctf rmsistmgzf, prlnmttftf pmr cf pmsaf f blcmgtigl pmrnrfgì prlelgìt `f usfrm alg ducigmcci mcmttriai ì gltmvlci ìdmgsilgi alg afpimgzfì fcdmgl 8::- 6::: dt. @i brfi`m` `f 5: f 6:: cb. I`mfcm pmr laahilgi, amrgim m tuttii pmsai ì nrfgì prlelrgìt.

Aff prlùai`f mg afrblgl `m fctf rmsistmgaif, ìsmf`l pfrf cf pmsaf f nrfg prl-eugì`f` pfrf smr uticizf`f alg nrfg`ms afrrmtms mcatrials, alg ugf afpfai`f` `mfc dmgls 8:: - 6::: dt. `m trmgzf`l `m 5: f 6:: cb. I`mfc pfrf tl`ls cls pmams `mc

prleugì`f`.

_MRIP HMFUY@]PYBLCMGPIGL

Pmstftf alg amrgim m` laahilgi i nrlssf tfncif, si prmsmgtf alg ugf vmttf i nrfg-`m smgsibicit afpfam ì fvvmrtirm cm pi piaalcm vibrfzilgi.Cf afggf `ltftf `larlaimrf pmr mssmrm uticizzftf alg cf aigturf `f aldbfttidmgtl.

Zrlbf`f alg nrfg`ms dmrls cf _mrit mst `ltf`f `m ugf pugtmrf duy smgsibcm

afpfz m f`vmrtir fug cfs dfs pmqumgfs vibrfailgms. Cf afgf mstf ltf`f m ugtirfgtm qum pum`m smr uticizf`l tfdbig alg aigturf `m aldbftm.

Blft 2 Qmatilgs


28/56

PRMUIRF BFNAL@M

AFAF:2F 2,6: 6:9 ad 2=: 62,>: dd 2 >:-1::

AFAF:2B 2,0: 62= ad 2>1 60,0: dd 2 >:-1::

AFAF:2A 2,>: 60: ad 292 6=,=: dd 2 >:-1::

AFAF:2@ 1,:: 6=5 ad 16= 65,2: dd 2 >:-1::

AFCIBRF

Afggf rmfcizzftf ig afrblgil fctl dlùcl D0:O i`mfcm pmr lngi tipl ì pmsaf`fccf bfraf. Cmnnmrf, bicfgaiftf m pltmgtissidf, svicuppf ug fzilgm rini`f mùgf bulgf smgsibicit fccf vmttf.

Aff rmfcizf`f mg afrblgil `m fctl dlùcl D0:O i`mfc pfrf af`f tipl `m pm-saf mg bfraf, cinmrf y bfcfgamf`f `msfrrlccf ugf faaig rini`f y ugf bumgfsmgsibici`f` mg cf pugtf.

QDFQH-HH trfvmc

AL@M

AFQDF6 2,0= 89 ad 15: 68,=: dd 1 6::-1::

AFQDF2 2,8= 6:1 ad 06= 69,5: dd 1 6::-1::

Qtuìftf alg ugf strutturf `mccm smzilgm f pmzzfturf alrtf ig dl`l `f mssmrmtrfsplrtftf aldl`fdmgtm fgahm ig vifnnil. Afggf plcivfcmgtm tmstftf alg su inrlssi prm`ftlri `mi dfri trlpiafcm pu mssmrm uticizzftf pmr tutti i tipi ì pmsaf

`fccf bfraf.Mstuìf`f alg ugf mstruaturf `m smaailgms f pm`fzls alrtls mg dl`l pfrf smrtrfgsplrtf`f aldl`fdmgtm tfdbimg mg vifom. Aff plcivfcmgtm prlbf`f algnrumsls prm`f`lrms `m cls dfrms trlpiafcms, pum`m smr uticizf`f pfrf tl`l tipl`m pmsaf mg bfral.

91

Blft2-

1

Qmatilgs

BCFAK ERFDM

HFR@CL

Y


29/56

Blft 2 Qmatilgs90

ZFGPMR PFPFKI@fc gldm si salprm cuticizzl `mccf afggf gftf prmttfdmgtm pmrcf tmagiaf `mc PFPFKI fc afcfdfrl. ]g lttidl rfpplrtl trf quf-cit m prmzzl.

Alg mc gldbrm sm `msaubrm cf utci`f` `m cf aff gfai`f msacu-sivfdmgtm pfrf cf tmagiaf `mc PFPFKI `m afcfdfr. Lptidf rm-cfaig afci`f`-prmail.

AL@M

AFZF>0 6,8: 90 ad 60= 62,>: dd 2 1:-6=:

AFZF>0F 2,6: 6:5 ad 65: 61,=: dd 2 1:-6=:

AFZF>0B 2,0: 62= ad 22: 60,5: dd 2 1:-6=:

LRFGNM BLFP

Afggf rmfcizzftf ig dftmrifcm aldplsitl, fzilgm i`mfcm pmr cfpmsaf f i amefclplì. Igarmìbicm rfpplrtl trf prmzzl m qufcit.

Aff rmfcizf`f mg dftmrifc, faaig i`mfc pfrf cf pmsaf `m am-efclpl`ls, rni`f alg ugf nrfg smgsibici`f`. Igarmbcm rmcfaigmgtrm afci`f` y prmail.

AL@M

AFLR65 6,5: 80 ad 62: 66,:: dd 2 6::

AFLR68 6,8: 91 ad 61= 62,:: dd 2 6::

AFLR2: 2,:: 6:0 ad 60= 62,1: dd 2 6::

Qmppif XEIc niustl fttrmzzl pmr ahi amraf ugf afggf pmr cf pmsaf f safr-rlaail fccf Qmppif alg msahm frtieiaifci.

Cf oustf hmrrfdimgtf pfrf quimg busaf ugf aff pfrf cf pmsaff cf `mrivf `m smpif, alg fgzumcls frtieiaifcms `m nfdbfs y pm-safìtls frtieiaifcms.

AL@M

AFQM65 6,5: 8= ad 62= 66,8: dd 2 62:

AFQM68 6,8: 90 ad 60: 62,0: dd 2 62:AFQM2: 2,:: 6:0 ad 6== 62,8: dd 2 62:

AFQM22 2,2: 660 ad 65: 61,2: dd 2 62:

ZFGPMR ERFNLCIGLAfggf `f blcmgtigl dmìl cmnnmrl alg ugf pltmgzf `f 2:nr f6=:nr, prl`lttf ig afrblgil HDA0: P, vimgm alrrm`ftf ì fgmcciig sidic sia, pcfaaf plrtf ducigmccl f saldpfrsf m` idpungfturfig gmlprmgm, vmttf alg fzilgm smgsibicm m alclrftf alg vmrgiameculrmsamgtm.

Aff pfrf cf pmsaf `m fcturf dmìl cinmrf alg ugf pltmgzif`ms`m 2:nr f 6=:nr. Cf smaaig `m igomrtls, ms prlùai`f mg afr-blgil HDA0: t, timgm igacui`l `m fgiccls mg sidic sia, pcfaf plrtfafrrmtm alg mdpufùrf mg gmlprmgl, pugtf alg faailg smgsi-bcm y alclrf`f alg bfrgiz eclurmsamgtm.

AL@M

AFZF>= 6,8: 90 ad 66: 8,=: dd 2 2:-6=:

AFZF>=F 2,6: 662 ad 62= 6:,2: dd 2 2:-6=:

AFZF>=B 2,0: 625 ad 65: 66,2: dd 2 2:-6=:

AFZF>=A 2,>: 606 ad 68: 66,9: dd 2 2:-6=:


30/56

ZFGPMR BLCMGPIGL

Zrl`lttf ig dftmrifcm aldplsitl f` iggmsti, i`mfcm pmr ahi amraf ugfafggf pmr cf pmsaf f blcmgtigl dmìl cmnnmrl alg fzilgm rini`f, df algugf smgsibicit succf vmttf f`fttf fccf blcmgtigl alstimrl.

Zrlùai`f mg dftmrifc aldpumstl alg igomrtls, i`mfc pfrf quimg busafugf aff pfrf cf pmsaf `m fcturf dmìf cinmrf alg faaig rini`f, pmrlalg ugf smgsibici`f` mg pugtf f`fptf f cf pmsaf `m fcturf mg cf alstf.

AL@M

AFZF>1 6,8: 6:6 ad 60= 66,5= dd 2 2::

AFZF>1F 2,6: 666 ad 68= 60,=: dd 2 2::

AFZF>1B 2,0: 616 ad 21= 65,=: dd 2 2::

AFZF>1A 2,>: 605 ad 25: 68,6: dd 2 2::

AL@M

AFFC:=F2,6: 661 ad 20= 6>,>: dd 2 6::-1=:

AFFC:=B 2,0: 62> ad 1:: 68,>: dd 2 6::-1=:

AFFC:=A 2,>: 60: ad 10= 2:,:: dd 2 6::-1=:

9=

Blft2

Qmatilgs

AL@M

AFQP5: 2,6: 66: ad 269 68,:: dd 2 2::

AFQP5:F 2,0: 620 ad 2>8 69,1: dd 2 2::

AFQP5:B 2,>: 618 ad 121 69,5: dd 2 2::

QPMRG XE

Cf QPMRG, ugf afggf f blcmgtigl dmìl pmsfgtm. Ic sul rfpplrtl quf-cit prmzzl lttidl m cm eigiturm fctrmttfgtl.

Cf QPMRG ms ugf aff `m pmsaf `m fcturf dmìl pmsf`f. Qu rmcfaigafci`f` y prmail ms lptidl y sus tmrdigfailgms inufcdmgtm.

FCNFR

Cf FCNFR ugf afggf `f blcmgtigl dmìl pmsfgtm ig ùm sm-zilgi alg plrtf ducigmccl f vitm m dfgial rivmstitl ig gmlprmgm,pmr efaicitfrgm cf prmsf f dfgi udi`m. Umttf smgsibicm m pltmgtm,alclrftf ig nifccl ecul.

Cf FCNFR ms ugf aff `m pmsaf `m fcturf dmìl pmsf`f mg `lssmaailgms alg plrtf afrrmtms f tumrafs y pfcfgaf rmaubimrtf mggmlprmgl, pfrf efaicitfr cf alni`f f dfgls hdm`fs. Cf pugtfsmgsibcm y pltmgtm, alclrf`f mg fdfriccl eclrmsamgtm.


31/56

Blft 2-1 Qmatilgs

AL@M

AF@L=0F 1,8: 615 ad 2>= 68,5: dd 1+1 Pips =:-1::

AF@L=0B 0,1= 6=2 ad 1=: 2:,0: dd 1+1 Pips =:-1::

1

AFRBLG

PIZQ

95

AL@M

AFQ1F 0,9: 60= ad 10: 21,5: dd 1+1 Pips 0::

BCFAK ERFDM

FCALG

IPM

1AFRBLG

PIZQ

plwmr

=,:: Kn.

QICUMR ZCFPM@

FCALG

IPM

Q1 BLFP 09:

Cf prlprimt pridfrif ì qumstf afggf cf suf pltmgzf fbbigftf fccf slrprmg`mgtmbicfgaifturf. Cf afrfttmristiaf igglvftivf `ftf `fc afcail ahm trfditm ug fccugnl ì=:ad tmcmsalpial alg bclaal, plssibicm plrtfrm cf afggf f 0.0:dt f 0.9:dt. Cf Q1BLFP `ltftf `mccm igglvftivm vmttm AFRBLG & EIBMR NCFQQ strutturftm su ugf bfsmì afrblgil gmccf qufcm stftf igsmritf cuctidf pfrtm ig eibrf ì vmtrl, pmr lttmgmrmugf smgsibicit smgzf unufci.

Cf prlpim`f` prigaipfc m mstf aff ms cf pltmgaif aldbigf`f fc slrprmg`mgtm bfcfg-am. Cf afrfatmrstiaf igglvftivf ms qum mc pridmr smndmgtl `m cf aff f trfvs `m ugfcfrnf`lr `m =: ad alg bclqum tmcmsapial, ms plsibcm ccmvfr cf aff `m 0.0: f 0.9:dt. Cf Q1 BLFP mst `ltf`f alg cfs gumvfs pugtfs AFRBLG & EIBMR NCFQQ mstrua-turf`fs mg ugf bfsm `m afrblgil mg cf aufc hf si`l igsmri`f cf uctidf pfrtm mg eibrf`m vi`ril, pfrf lbtmgmr ug bfcfgam y ugf smgsibici`f` sig inufc.

@LRF@F E6 blcmgtigl

Alg cf suf nrfg`m pltmgzf ig efsm ì aldbfttidmgtl, qumstf afggf i`mfcmpmr pmsai ì tuttm cm ìdmgsilgi. ]gmquicibrfturf supmrcftivf m f` ugf cmnnm-rmzzf eulri `fccf glrdf, cf rmg`lgl ugf afggf ugiaf gmc sul nmgmrm.

Nrfaifs f su nrfg pltmgaif urfgtm mc aldbftm, mstf aff ms i`mfc pfrf pmams

`m tl`ls cls tfdfls. ]gf mquicibrf`f supmrcftivf y f ugf cinmrmzf eumrf `mcl glrdfc, cf vumcvmg ugf aff ugiaf `m su acfsm.

ALDZMPIPILG

F@O]QPFBCM QPLZZMRtmcmsalpia butt smatilg


32/56

AL@M

AFF@:6F 2,8: 62:ad 2:9 60,:: dd 2+0 Pips 1:-2::

AFF@:6B 1,1: 62:ad 265 6=,0= dd 1+0 Pips 1:-2::

AFF@:6A 1,8: 61:ad 201 65,>= dd 1+0 Pips 1:-2::

AL@M

AFFR:2F 2,8: 62= ad 222 60,0: dd 2+0 Pips >:-1::

AFFR:2B 1,1: 6:5 ad 215 60,=: dd 1+0 Pips >:-1::

AFFR:2A

1,8: 625 ad 28> 65,=: dd 1+0 Pips >:-1::

PIPFG

I]D

Q-Q

A

PR

MFP

DM

G P

PIPFGI]DQ-QAPRMFPDMGP

AFRBLG PIZQ NCFQ Q PIZQ

AL@M AL@M FAPILG ALCLR

A FF R:2 L A FF R:2I HH Rm`

A FF R:2 G A FF R:2 H DH ^hitm

A FF R:2 D A FF R:2N CH Ymcclw

A FF R:2C A FF R:2 E CC Lrfgnm

AFRBLG PIZQ NCFQ Q PIZQ

AL@M AL@M FAPILG ALCLR

A FF R:2L A FF R:2I HH Rm`

A FF R:2G A FF R:2H DH ^hitm

A FF R:2D A FF R:2N CH Ymcclw

A FF R:2 C A FF R:2E CC Lrfgnm

9>

Blft2-

1

Qmatilgs

AFRBLG

PIZ

HH

AFRBLG

PIZ

DH

AFRBLG

PIZ

CH

AFRBLG

PIZ

CC

NCFQQ

PIZ

HH

NCFQQ

PIZ

DH

NCFQQPIZCH

NCFQQPIZCC

Frftlg ZrlCf rmnigf `mccm afggm f blcmgtigl, strutturftf m prlnmttftf pmr tutti ielg`fci alg nrfddfturm dmìl pmsfgti, alstruitf alg ]CFE AFRBLGZRLELRAM ahm algemrisam fc eustl ugf bulgf riniìt m` ugf nrfg`mpltmgzf ig efsm ì aldbfttidmgtl. Uimgm elrgitf alg 0 aidigi ig afr-blgil i fzilgi ivmrsm.

Cf rmigf `m cfs affs hurriafgm, struaturf`f y ìsmf`f pfrf tl`fscfs prleugì`f`ms alg nrfdfom `m pmsl dmìl, algstrui`f alg ]CFEAFRBLG ZRLELRAM qum `f f mc eustm ugf bumgf rini`mz y ug nrfg`pl`mr mg cf efsm `m aldbftm. Mst mquipf`f `m 0 pugtmrls `m afrblgl`m faailgms ìemrmgtms

f`riftiaf

Afggf `f blcmgtigl i`mfcm pmr pmsafrm su bfssi elg`fci m alg nrfd-dfturm dmìl cmnnmrm. Dlctl cmnnmrf, bicfgaiftf m feei`fbicm, rmfciz-zftf alg ]CFE AFRBLG ZRLELRAM m fgmccftf alg fgmcci QMF N]I@MQPitfgiud Q-QA Prmftdmgt. Fzilgm Zfrfblciaf. Uimgm elrgitf alg 0 ai-digi ig eibmr nfss i fzilgi ivmrsm.

Afgf hurriafgm i`mfc pfrf pmsafr mg fnufs plal prleug`fs y algnrfdfoms cinmrls. Duy cinmrf, mquicibrf`f y eifbcm, mst rmfcizf`f alg]CFE AFRBLG ZRLELRAM y fgiccf`f alg fgiccfs QMF N]I@MQ Pitf-

giud Q-QA Prmftdmgt. Faaig pfrfbcial. Mst mquipf`f alg 0 pugtm-rls mg eibmr nfss `m faailgms ieemrimgtms.


33/56

AL@M

AFMX:6 1,=:-0,=: 601 ad 29: 22,5: dd 0+1 Pips =:-1::

QICUMR ZCFPM@

FCALG

IPM

AL@M

AFQMF66 1,::-0,:: 606 ad 25: 69,1: dd 0+1 Pips =:-1::

AFQMF62 1,=:-0,=: 606 ad 1:: 26,8: dd 0+1 Pips =:-1::

AFQMF61 0,::-=,:: 605 ad 1== 20,:: dd =+1 Pips =:-1::

98 Pmcm-f oustfbcm

MQZF@F XXP

CMQZF@F, nrfzim fccm tmaglclnim Alcdia ZRL ELRAM ].C.F.E. AFR-BLG m Zlwmr @lubcm Pfpm, risuctf ugf afggf mstrmdfdmgtm rini`f,df fctrmttfgtl cmnnmrf m` mquicibrftf.

CMQZF@F, nrfaifs f cf tmaglclnf ZRL ELRAM ].C.F.E. AFRBLG yZlwmr @lubcm Pfpm, rmsuctf smr ugf aff mxtrmdf`fdmgtm rni`f,pmrl cinmrf y mquicibrf`f.

QMF CILG E6

Cf QMF CILG E6, hf gmccmacmttiait cf suf `ltm prigaipfcm, f`fttfg`lsif` ug igeigit `i situfzilgi `i pmsaf `f gftfgtm.

Cf QMF CILG E6, timgm ug macmtiaisdl mspmaifc, f`fptg`lsm f ugfigeigi`f` `m situfailgms `m pmsaf `m gf`f`lr.

1 AFRBLGPIZQ

1 AFRBLGPIZQ

F@O]QPFBCM QPLZZMR

BCFAK ERFDM

plwmr

0,:: Kn.


34/56

99

Pmcm-f`

oustfbcm

QIDZCMX E6

Cm spmaifci rmsigm fppciaftm fi dftmrifci, algemrisalgl f qumstfafggf ugf bicfgaifturf m rmsistmgzf ugiahm.

Cfs mspmaifcms rmsigfs fpciaf`fs f cls dftmrifcms, algam`mg fmstf aff ug bfcfgam y rmsistmgaif giaf.

@RIEPIGN Zfcfditf Lrftf

Cf @RIEPIGN, glglstfgtm sif ug fttrmzzl fssfi rini`l, ig nrf`l i slccmvf-rm =.:: kn f smaal, s aldugqum mspridmrm afpfait mcfstiahm slrprmg-`mgti, ig spmaifc dl`l qufg`l prm`m ì nrlssf dlcm, sprinilgfgl tuttf cfclrl elrzf slttl cf bfraf, plal pridf i mssmrm sfcpftm.

]gf tmcmrmnucfbcm igìaf`f pfrf vlcfgtg, mg tl`fs cfs vfrifgtms? `ms`m cf`mrivf hfstf mg cls elg`fcms frmglsls, fc `rietign `m nfcf alg plal pcldly sig pcldl, `ms`m cf pmsaf alg pcldls idplrtfgtms y ds frdfs algambls, y tfdbig alg cls trfìailgfcms ambls, cf @RIEPIGN smr afpfz `mmcmvfr ug pmsl m =.:: kn ms su afrfatmrstiaf prigaipfc.

AL@M

AFQI:= 1,::-0,:: 61> ad 25= 22,6: dd 0+2 Pips >=-1=:

AL@M

AF@R:6 1,9:-0,8: 6== ad 111 26,9: dd 0+2 Pips 2=:

F@O]QPFBCM QPLZZMR

2 AFRBLGPIZQ

2 AFRBLGPIZQ

BCFAK ERFDM

BCFAK ERFDM

plwmr

=,:: Kn.

plwmr

=,:: Kn.


35/56

AL@M

AFQI0: 0,=: 6== ad 1>: 21,=: dd = 2::

AL@M

AFDF:6F 0,:: 6=2ad 28= 21,6= dd 0 6=:

AFDF:6B =,:: 6=5ad 18: 2=,8: dd = 6=:

AL@M

AFMU=6F 2,=: 6:9 ad 61= 6=,2: dd 0+2 Pips =:-2=:

AFMU=6B 1,:: 66= ad 6>= 68,9: dd =+2 Pips =:-2=:

AFMU=6A 1,5: 665 ad 2== 26,0: dd 5+2 Pips =:-2=:

AL@M

AFQMF60F 2,=: 6:0 6>: 65,2: dd 1+2 Pips =:-1::

AFQMF60B 1,:: 6:9 22: 69,6: dd 0+2 Pips =:-1::

AFQMF60A 1,0: 661 28= 26,2: dd =+2 Pips =:-1::

:: Pmcmblft

QMF @RMFD

MUIC blft

Cf Qmf `rmfd ugf tmcmsalpiaf pmr ic blcmgtigl dmìl cmnnmrl, rmf-cizzftf ig afrblgil fctl dlùcl 20 PLG. Cf Qmf @rmfd siglgidl ìblcmgtigl efaicm? ug blcmgtigl `fvvmrl fccf plrtftf ì tutti.

Cf QMF @RMFD ms ugf tmcmsapiaf pfrf cf pmsaf fc vlcfgtg dmìl-cinmrf, rmfcizf`f mg afrblgil fctl dlùcl 20 PLG. Cf Qmf @rmfd ms fcf plrtf`f m tl`ls.

Vumstf smrim ì afggm `f blcmgtigl dmìl stftf fssmdbcftf alg afr-blgil fctl dlùcl 20 PLG. Cf MUIC BLFP si prmsmgtf dlctl aldpfttf

m rfpi`f? ùm afrfttmristiahm, qumstuctidm, mssmgzifci pmr ug blcmgtiglì prmaisilgm.

Mstf smrim `m affs pfrf pmsaf fc vlcfgtg dmìf, hf si`l fsfdbcf`falg afrblgil fctl dlùcl 20 PLG. Cf MUIC BLFP, sm prmsmgtf duyaldpfatf y rfpi`f? 2 afrfatmrstiafs msmgaifcms pfrf ugf pmsaf `mfcturf `m prmaisig.

Vumstl pltmgtissidl fttrmzzl, ig nrf`l ì slccmvfrm bmg 9 kn f smaal,pu mssmrm idpimnftl pmr igsiìfrm prm`ftlri ì nrlssf dlcm, qufci f`msmdpil riaailcm, cfdpunhm, tlggmtti fccmttmrfti, pmsai smrrf m` fctri fg-alrf, trfditm ciggmsal ì msahm vivm.

Mstm pltmgtsidl mquipl, mg nrf`l `m cmvfgtfr 9 kn, pum`m smr md-pcmf`l pfrf prm`fs `m nrumsl tfdfl, alg ambl vivl. Cf Qidfr sm hfrmvmcf`l ug lbomtl m vmr`f` gial, pfrf prfatiafr mstm tipl m pmsafmg bfral.

Ciet up

9,:: Kn.

QIDFR XP

DFRMF XP Cinht @rietign

Afggf gftf m stuìftf fpplsitfdmgtm pmr cf pmsaf f cinht `rietign algcf algamzilgm ì ugf blclngmsm. Maamzilgfcm pmr cf pmsaf `fccf bfr-af fccm pfcfditm, tldbfrmcci m tuttm cm spmaim igsiìfbici alg ic cinht`rietign.

Aff qum hf si`l armf`f y mstuìf`f prmaisfdmgtm pfrf cf pmsaf cinht`rietign, alg algsmsig `m ugf blclmsm. Mxampailgfc pfrf cf pmsafcinht rietign.


36/56

BCFAK ERFDM

QIDICQ

IA

BCFAK ERFDM

QIDICQ

IA

AFXIG ZCFPM RMMC QMFP

BCFAK ERFDM

QIA

QPLGM

X-AFRBLG

6:6

Pmcmblft

2 EIBMRNCFQQPIZQ

2 EIBMRNCFQQPIZQ

QICUMR ZCFPM@

X-AFRBLG


37/56

Efgtfsy

Afggf tmcmsalpiaf f`fttf pmr ic blcmgtigl alstimrl alg ug afstign dfssidl`f 6=: nr, `ltftf ì vmttf ig eibrf ì vmtrl ductialclr, dlgtftf alg fgmcci f`lppil plgtm m pcfaaf plrtf ducigmccl f vitm

Aff tmcmsapiaf f`fptf pfrf cf pmsaf fc vlcfgtg mg alstf alg ug afstigndxidl `m 6=: nr. @ltf`f `m pugtf mg eibrf `m vi`ril ductialclr, dlgtf`falg fgiccls f `lbcm pumgtm y pcfaf plrtf afrrmtm f tlrgiccls.

AL@M

AFEF:6 2,6: 9= ad 69= 26,6: dd 0 6=:

AFEF:6F 2,0: 66: ad 21: 26,=: dd 0 6=:

AFEF:6B 2,>: 665 ad 20: 2:,>: dd 0 6=:

AL@M

AFGF0>F 2,2: 8: ad 6=1 60,2: dd 0 1:-62:

AFGF0>B 2,=: 85 ad 656 60,0: dd 0 1:-62:

AFGF0>A 2,8: 91 ad 221 6>,2: dd = 1:-62:

:2 Pmcmblft

hlgcy blft

Cf HLGCY BLFP ugf tmcmsalpiaf `f bfraf pmr ic blcmgtigl dmìl pmsfgtm.Vumstfttrmzzl risuctf mssmrm vmrfdmgtm fccf plrtftf ì tutti.

Cf HLGCY BLFP ms ugf aff tmcmsapiaf pfrf cf pmsaf fc vlcfgtg. Mstf affrmsuctf smr duy fsmquibcm pfrf tl`ls.

gfrsic

Malgldiaf m rlbustf, qumstf afggf si algtrf`ìstignum iglctrm pmr ugf alrtfpmzzfturf `mccm smzilgi, efamg`l quigì rmnistrfrm ug ignldbrl vmrfdmgtmdigidl. Alstruitf ig afrblgil 20 PLG. Ic blcmgtigl pmr tutti hf ug gldmGfrsic.

Malgldiaf y rlbustf, msrtf afgf sm afrfatmrizf tfdbimg pfrf smaiilgms alr-tfs, hfaimg`l cumnl nrfbfr ugf humccf duy dgidf. Afrblgil 20 PLG.Fc vlcfgtg pfrf tl`ls timgmg ug gldbrm Gfrsic.

AL@M

AFHL05F 2,2: 9> ad 26= 26,=: dd 0 2=:

AFHL05B 2,=: 6:1 ad 22: 26,=: dd = 2=:

AFHL05A 2,8: 6:1 ad 2>: 21,:: dd = 2=:

ducti

alclur

PIZs

ducti

alclur

PIZs

ductialclur

PIZs


38/56

AL@M

AFHF:2F 2,6: 6:2 ad 6=: 6=,5: dd 1 =:-6=:

AFHF:2B 2,0: 6:1 ad 2:= 68,6= dd 0 =:-6=:

AFHF:2A 2,>: 6:5 ad 211 69,>: dd 0 =:-6=:

AFHF:2@ 1,:: 6:9 ad 1:8 22,:: dd = =:-6=:

AL@M

AFZR62F 2,6: 6:: ad 618 6=,0: dd 0 =:-6=:

AFZR62B 2,0: 6:: ad 69: 68,:: dd 0 =:-6=:

AFZR62A 2,>: 6:> ad 21: 69,8: dd 0 =:-6=:

AFZR62@ 1,:: 6:8 ad 280 26,5: dd = =:-6=:

prius

Qmrim ì afggm tmcmsalpiahm pmr ic blcmgtigl dmìl cmnnmrl, f pmzzfturf dlctlalrtf. Afggf fbblr`fbicissidf, dlctl malgldiaf, df fc tmdpl stmssl feei`f-bicm m vmrsfticm.

Qmrim `m affs tmcmsapiafs pfrf cf pmsaf fc vlcfgtig dmìl cinmrf. Aff duymalgdiaf pmrl fc disdl timdpl algeifbcm y vmrstic.

ducti

alclur

PIZs

6:1

PmcmblftE]rif xe

Ci`mfcm pmr ahi amraf ugf afggf `f tmgmrm smdprm dlgtftf gmc nfvlgm `mccfbfraf, tmcmsalpiaf alg ignldbrl ri`lttl alstruitf alg afrblgil f` fctf rmsi-stmgzf m dlgtf ugf vmttf ig eibrf ì vmtrl ductialclr. ]g afstign `f 8: nr f68: nr gm efggl ug lttidl fttrmzzl pmr blcmgtigl alstimrl.

I`mfc pfrf quimg busaf ugf aff pfrf tmgmrcf simdprm dlgtf`f mgmc vfng`mc bfral, tmcmsalpiaf alg vlcudmg rmùai`l, algstru`f alg afrblgil f fctf

rmsistmgaif, y dlgtf ugf pugtf mg eibrf `m vi`ril ductialclr. ]g afstign `m8: nr f 68: nr, hfamg ug lptidl mquipl pfrf pmsaf `m fcturf mg alstf.

hfzzmc

Cf HF__MC ug fttrmzzl efaicm m em`mcm, ahm glg vi `mcu`mr fsslcutfdmgtm gmcprmzzl, df gmddmgl gmi algtmguti. I`mfcm pmr ic blcmgtigl dmìl cmnnmrl.

Cf HF__MC ms ugf aff eaic y eimc, qum gl ls `msicuailgfr fbslcutfdmgtm mg mcprmail, gi mg mc algtmgi`l. I`mfc pfrf cf pmsaf fc vlcfgtg dmìl cmnimrf.

AL@M

AFE]=6F 2,:: 98 ad 65: 6=,5: dd 1 8:-68:

AFE]=6B 2,0: 6:1 ad 26= 65,=: dd 0 8:-68:

ducti

alclur

PIZs

ducti

alclur

PIZs


39/56


40/56

rfbf blrlg afstignVumccl ahm idprmssilgf subitl ì qumstm afggm cigarmìbicm cmnnm-rmzzf. Vumstl dlglpmzzl ig afrblgil HD-==P `fccf smzilgm sltticm m`fc eustl pltmgtm afpfam ì fgidfrm msahm frtieiaifci aldm Afburf,Igahiku, Oinnign, Rfbf-Rfbf, fgahm ì gltmvlci ìdmgsilgi.

Cl qum idprmsilgf `m mstf aff ms cf cinmrmzf igarmbcm. Mstm pm`fzlmg afrblgl HD-==P `m cf smaaig sutic y `mc eustm pltmgtm ms afpfz`m fgidfr smumcls aldl Afburf, Igahiku, Oinnign, Rfbf Rfbf, fug mtfdfl algsi`mrfbcm.

Qudizlku BlrlgAfggf ig ùm smzilgi ig afrblgil HD supmr cmnnmrf,vmttf smgsibicmm ug eustl sltticm m pltmgtm ahm algsmgtm ì uticizzfrm fc dmncilmsahm frtieiaifci aldm Qfbiki m Igahiku.

Aff mg `ls smaailgms mg afrblgil HD dui cmnmrf, pugtf smgsibcm

y ug eustm sutic y pltmgtm qum pmrditm uticizfr mg mc dmolr dl`l clsambls frtieiaifcms aldl Qfbii m Igahiku.

AL@M

AFRF:6A 5'1'' (51D-A) 692 ad 66= 8,8: dd 6 66=

AL@M

AFQ]:6 8'1'' 61: ad 6>= 60,:: dd 2 5 CBQ

FCALGIP

M

6:=

Igahiku

Afburf

Qfbiki

FCALGIP

M


41/56

:5

twistNi `f fggi Alcdia msmnum tmst su afggm alg fgmcci f spirfcm tipl Fai`Rl`. Eigl f plal tmdpl ef glg mrf sl`ìsefttf i mgtrfrm suc dmraftlalg qufcalsf i usufcm Lnni pmr, nrfzim f qumsti gulvi eusti ig eibrfì afrblgil ]CFE & ZRL ELRAM, sifdl vmrfdmgtm fc dfssidl `mccfrmfttivit m `mccf cmnnmrmzzf. Zrlvfrm pmr arm`mrm!

@urfgtm fls Alcdia hfam tmsts slbrm affs alg fgiccfs f mspirfcmstipl "Fai` Rl` ". Hfstf hfam plal Alcdia gl mstfbf sftisemahf `m clsrmsuctf`ls y mgtrfr mg mc dmraf`l alg fcnl hfbitufc... Zmrl hly, nrf-aifs f mstls gumvls bcfgks m eibrf m afrblgl ].C.F.E. y ZRL ELRAM,rmfcdmgtm mstfdls mg mc dxidl `m rmfativi`f` y cinmrmzf. Zrubmcl!

Euoi "HBGN"Mgtrfdbm cm afggm Lgmwfy m Pwist dlgtfgl qumsti gulvi fgmcci `mccf Euoi `mgldigfti `fccf stmssfaldm Hmfvy @uty Blft Rl`. Fbbifdl iglctrm samctl ì fssmdbcfrm qumsti fgmcci alg ugfctrf gl-vit Euoi, cm pimtrm ig amrfdiaf QIG-II efttm ig Gitrurl ì Qiciail ic qufcm ugf amrfdiaf rini`f fvmgtm? fctf rmsistmgzf ig ug fdpil igtmrvfccl ì tmdpmrfturf dl`mrftf algùaibicit tmrdiaf bfssl almeeiaimgtm ì mspfgsilgm tmrdiaf tmgfait igslcitfdmgtm fctf pmr ugf amrfdiafVumstf aldbigfzilgm ì prlprimt plrtf f` ug'maamccmgtm rmsistmgzf fnci shlak tmrdiai, f` ugfctfafpfait ì slpplrtfrm mcmvfti afriahi strutturfci f` fctf tmdpmrfturf m slprfttuttl f` ugmaamccmgtm

rmsistmgzf fcc'usurf. Ic Gitrurl ì siciail ig nrfg pfrtm uticizzftl ig fppciafzilgi f` fctf rmsistmgzfm f` fctf tmdpmrfturf, aldm turbigm f nfs, pfrti ì dltlri pmr futl, ausaigmtti m cfvlrfzilgm `midmtfcci m utmgsici `f tfncil. Ausaigmtti ì gitrurl ì siciail slgl usfti gmi prigaipfci dltlri ì gfvmttmspfzifci `mccf GFQF.

Q

IGII-

QIC

IALGGIPR

I@MNRFY

AL@M ]GI B]PP

ZFAIEIA BFY N]I@MQ

A@FR:6 ='5'' 62> ad >8= 61,2: dd ACB2Q Qtufrt sicvmr =:-8: CBQ

A@FR:2 ='5'' 62> ad 6::: 6=,>: dd ACB2Q Qtufrt sicvmr 8:-62: CBQ

A@FR:1 5 618 ad 82: 60,8: dd ACB2Q Qtufrt sicvmr 1:-=: CBQ

A@FR:0 5' 618 ad 91: 65,9: dd ACB2Q Qtufrt sicvmr =:-8: CBQ

Qmrim ì Afggm stfg` up stuìftm pmr cf pmsaf `mi bin msmdpcfri. Ic eustl spmaifcm ig eibrf ì afrblgil ]CFE & ZRL ELRAM pmrdmttm ì fvmrmugfzilgm rmfttivf spmaifcdmgtm ig efsm ì rmaupmrl. Qiaurfdmgtm ug vfgtfnnil ig pi, sif pmr cf splrtivit, sif pmr cm pmreldfgam. Qlgl rmfcizzf-tm alg eusti scid; afcail sicvmr Zfaieia Bfy m` MUF Hfr` pmr dincilrfrgm cf prmsf ùrfgtm ic aldbfttidmgtl. Cf cigmf slbrif m cm spmaifci cmnfturmsicvmr lgfgl ug cllk pifamvlcm m` igglvftivl.

Qmrim `m affs pfrf cf pmsaf `ms`m mgbfrafaig mg dl`fci`f` alg aigturg `m Qtfg` up l smf `m pi f cls biahls dfs nrfg`ms `m gumstrlsdfrms! Mc aumrpl `m cf aff ms mg eibrfs `m afrblgl ].C.F.E. y ZRL ELRAM y pmrditm `m tmgmr ugf faaig gmrvilsf aufg`l aldbftidls alg cfspimzfs dfs nrfg`ms. Qig ù`f ms ug bmgmeiail fìailgfc, tfgtl pfrf aldpmtiaig aldl pfrf mc rmgìdimgtl. Mstg hmahfs alg mstruaturfs QCID l smf eigfs, tfgng "pcftf" Zfaieia Bfy y HFR@ MUF l smf ug dftmrifc qum fyu`f f dmolrfr mc fnfrrm urfgtm mc aldbftm. Cls fafbf`ls y cfscinfùrfs mspmaifcms m cfs fgiccfs fg ug fspmatl fnrf`fbcm m igglvf`lr.

FrnmgtifAfggf igìaftf pmr ic Bin Nfdm eishign. Glg slcl pmsaf ig`rietign fc tlggl df fgahm trfigf `fcturf. Nci fgmcci rlccmrQtufrt pmrdmttlgl i uticizzfrm dlgleicl i qufcsifsi ifdmtrl.

Aff pfrf cf pmsaf `m fcturf. Ufcm gl tfg scl pfrf cf pmsaf`mc ftg mg dl`fci`f` rietign, sigl tfdbig pfrf mc aurriag.Cfs fgiccfs `m rlìccl Qtufrt pmrditmg uticizfr dlgleicfdmgtls`m aufcquimr ìdmtrl.


42/56

6:>

B

inNfdm

AL@M ]GI B]PP

ZFAIEIA BFY N]I@MQ

A@P^:6 5' 618 ad 50= 61,2: dd ACB6Q Euoi HBGN 1:-=: CBQ

A@P^:2 5' 618 ad 58: 60,5: dd ACB2Q Euoi HBGN =:-8: CBQ

A@P^:1 5'5" 6=8 ad 59: 60,0: dd ACB6Q Euoi HBGN 1:-=: CBQ

Pfgtl cf aff Pwist aufgtl cf aff Lgmwfy ccmvfg mstfs gumvfs mstruaturfs pfrf cfs fgiccfs, qum cf ebriaf Euoi disdf hf gldbrf`l aldl Hmfvy @utyBlft Rl`, ls smf mstigf`fs f affs pfrf trfbfols pmsf`ls. F`mds msaloidls aldl pim`rfs ltrf glvm`f` m Euoi qum slg cfs fgiccfs m amrdiaf QIG-IIhizl mg. Gitrurl `m siciail qum ms ugf amrdiaf rni`f alg cfs sinuimgtms afrfatmrstiafs? fctf rmsistmgaif mg ug fdpcil igtmrvfcl m tmdpmrfùrfs. dl`mrf`f algùaaig trdiaf bfol plramgtfom `m mspfgsig trdiaf

tmgfai`f` igusufcdmgtm fctf plr smr ugf amrdiafMstf aldbigfaig m prlpim`f`ms f cunfr f ugf mxamcmgtm rmsistmgaif f cls shlak trdials y ugf fctf afpfai`f` m slplrtfr fctfs afrnfs mstruaturfcmsf fctf tmdpmrfturf y slbrm tl`l ugf mxamcmgtm rmsistmgaif fc `msnfstm. Mc gitrurl `m siciail sm usf prigaipfcdmgtm mg fpciafailgms `m fctf rmsistmgaif y

fctf tmdpmrfturf, tfcms aldl cfs turbigfs `m nfs, pimzfs `m dltlrms pfrf futldvicms, rl`fdimgtls y trfbfol `m cls dmtfcms y hmrrfdimgtfs `m alrtm.Rl`fdimgtls `m gitrurl `m siciail sm uticizfg mg cls prigaipfcms dltlrms `m trfgsblr`f`lrms mspfaifcms `m cf GFQF.

AL@M ]GI B]PP

ZFAIEIA BFY N]I@MQ

A@LGM:6 5' 618 ad 50= 61,2: dd ACB6Q Euoi HBGN 1:-=: CBQ

A@LGM:2 5' 618 ad 58: 60,5: dd ACB2Q Euoi HBGN =:-8: CBQ

A@LGM:1 5'5" 6=8 ad 59: 60,0: dd ACB6Q Euoi HBGN 1:-=: CBQ

lgmwfyIc euturl uticizzfrm ic Brfi`m` Cigm ig blbigf. Maal pmrah Alcdiahf prlnmttftl ugf afggf pltmgtm alg fgmcci Euoi QIG-II. Lgmwfy sfrsiaurfdmgtm ugl stftus sydblc `mc Fgncmr dl`mrgl.

Mc euturl ms mc usl `mc trmgzf`l mg cf blbigf. Ms plr msl qum Alcdiahf ìsmf`l ugf aff pltmgtm alg fgiccfs Euoi QIG-II. Cf gumvf affLgmwfy smr ug "sdblcl `m mstftus" `mc pmsaf`lr dl`mrgl.

QPFG@-]Z A]RUM@ B]PP ACB-QAAL@M? A@FR66

ZFA

IEIA

BFY

Aldpftibicm alg cm afggm?

Qlcfdmgtm aldpcftibm alg cfs afggfs?

A@FR:6 Frnmgtif =5 =:-8:CbsA@FR:2 Frnmgtif =5 8:-62:CbsA@FR:1 Frnmgtif 5 1:-=:CbsA@R::0 Frnmgtif 5 =:-8:Cbs

A@LGM:2 Lgm ^fy 5 =:-8:Cbs

A@P^:2 Pwist 5 =:-8:Cbs


43/56

UFQPFR ZCFPIG]D 1:Cbs

UFQPFR ZCFPIG]D =:Cbs

RMN]CFRQPRIZZMR N]I@M

HMFUY @]PYQPRIZZMR N]I@M

AL@M

A@UFZC:1 ='5'' 62> ad 82= 61,8: dd 6+]gi Butt 1: CBQA@UFZC:= >' 650 ad 6:6= 6>,8: dd 6+]gi Butt 1: CBQ

AL@M

A@UFZC:6 ='2'' 66> ad 85: 61,8: dd 6+]gi Butt =: CBQ

A@UFZC:0 ='5'' 62> ad 9:: 60,>: dd 6+]gi Butt =: CBQ

A@UFZC:5 >' 65= ad 6:0= 68,:: dd 6+]gi Butt =: CBQ

UFQPFR ZCFPIG]D =:CbsQtfg`-]p Aurvm` Butt

QPRFINHP B]PP EINHPIGN AHFIR

UFQPFR ZCFPIG]D >

UFQPFR ZCFPIG]D =2 - =5

QHLRP QPRFINHP B]PP QPFG@-]Z

=:ad

0=ad

:8

Cf prmstinilsf smrim ì afggm `f Bin Nfdm ahm Alcdia hf prl`lttl pmr faaldpfngfrm ic pmsaftlrm ì nrfgì prm`m sif tutti i nilrgi ahm gmi tlrgmipi bcfslgfti. Igeftti i bcfgk ì qumsti nilimcci slgl stfti i`mfti m prlnmttfti alg i algsinci ì afdpilgi pcuri`malrfti ì qumstf ìsaipcigf, armftialg dftmrifci igglvftivi, fssmdbcfti alg aldplgmstisaf ì maamccmgtm qufcit m rieigiti alg nrfg`m nustl mstmtial. Ic risuctftl qumccl ì ugfafggf slbrif, cmnnmrf, scfgaiftf, igarmìbicdmgtm rmfttivf m pltmgtm afpfam ì sfcpfrm cm prm`m pi nrfgì alg dmgl selrzl m pi rfpi`fdmgtm.Cf cugnhmzzf ì > pimì igìaftf pmr cf acfssiaf pmsaf alg cf smìf `f aldbfttidmgtl `lvm cf cmvf cugnf aldpmgsftf `fccf aldlìt `mccfsmìf gmamssfrif pmr ug siaurl pldpfnnil eulri `fnci lstfalci, cf cugnhmzzf ì =,5 pimì cf disurf i`mfcm pmr cf tmagiaf stfg` up ig pimì,cf cugnhmzzf i =,2 cf prmemritf fi glstri afdpilgi gmccm aldpmtizilgi lvm cf cmvf alrtissidf, fgahm sm glg i efaicm nmstilgm, pmrdmttm algcfusicil ì pfrtialcfri hfrgmtt ì fbbrmvifrm dlctissidl i tmdpi ì aldbfttidmgtl.I afcai plsslgl mssmrm sif `ritti ahm aurvi m cm pltmgzm, rispmttftm fccf pmremzilgm, slgl ì 1: m =: cbs, pmremttm quigì pmr pltmr prftiafrm gmcdincilrm `mi dlì qumstf stupmg`f ìsaipcigf ahm sif ig @rietign l trfigf Lee shlrm.


44/56

Ms gumstrf prmstinilsf aff mg cf smrim Bin Nfdm qum Alcdia hf prlùai`l pfrf faldpffr fc pmsaf`lr `m prmsfs nrfg`ms, smf pfrf tl`lscls ìfs aldl mg tlrgmls.Mc bcfgk `m mstf olyf hf si`l i`mf`f y prlymatf`f plr algsmols `m afdpmlgms prmdif`ls mg mstf ìsaipcigf, armf`f mg dftmrifcms gumvls,fsfdbcf`ls alg aldplgmgtms `m mxamcmgtm afci`f` y tmrdigf`ls `m nrfg nustl mstmtial. Mc rmsuctf`l ms ugf aff slbrif, cinmrf, rmfativf ypltmgtm afpfz `m subir sus prmsfs ds nrfg`ms alg dmglr mseumrzl y dfs rfpi`fdmgtm.Cf clgnitu` `m > pims ms igìaf`f pfrf cf acfsiaf pmsaf alg siccf `m aldbftm `lg`m cf pfcfgaf `m cfrnl `mspcfzfdimgtl `ms`m cf aldlì`f` `mcf siccf ms gmamsfrif pfrf cf smnuri`f` `m bldbml `m cls lbstaucls, cf clgnitu` `m =,5 pims ms cf dmì`f i`mfc pfrf cf tmagiaf stfg` up mg pim,cf clgnit` `m =,2 ms cf prmemri`f `m gumstrls afdpmlgms mg cfs aldpmtiailgms `lg`m cf pfcfgaf ms alrtisidf, tfdbimg si gl `m efaic nmstilg,pmrditm alg cf fyu`f `m cls hmrgmtt `m fbrmvifr timdpls `m aldbftm. Ms pmrematf pfrf pl`mr prfatiafr mg mc dmolr dl`l mstf ìsaipcigf, yfsmf mg @rietign l aurriafg lee shlrm.

='5''

='5''

='2''

>'

QPFG@FR@ PIZ RLCCMR RMN]CFR RLCCMR N]I@M

HMFUY @]PY PIZ RLCCMR HMFUY @]PY RLCCMR N]I@M

QPFG@-]Z A]RUM@ B]PP (]Q2-A)AL@M? A@UFZC:8

EINHP

IGNAH

FIR

A]RU

M@B]

PP(]B2

-A)

AL@M

?A@U

FZC:>

AL@M

A@UFZC:0F ='5" 62> ad 90= 60,>: dd 6+]gi Butt =: CBQ

Afcai ì tipl aurvl igtmrafdbifbici sututtf cf smrim Ufstfr Zcftigud. Zmrdmttlgl

ugfzilgm ì pldpfnnil pi meeiafam dfgtm-gmg`l cm algìzilgi `mccfgncmr mstrmdfdmgtmalgelrtmvlci. Vumstf afrfttmstiaf algeinurfzilgmì afggf fgnlcftf, seruttfg`l fc dfssidl ic rfn-nil `fzilgm `mccf afggf, igìaftf gmi tlrgmi mgmccf prftiaf `mc aftah fg` rmcmfsm `lvm i tmdpiì aldbfttidmgtl `mvlgl mssmrm gmamssfrif-dmgtm fbbrmvifti.

Bfrrfs `m tipl aurvicgml igtmrafdbifbcms pfrf

cf tl`f smrim Ufstfr Zcftigud. Zmrditmg ugffaaig `m bldbml dfs meiafz dfgtmgimg`l cfsalgìailgms `mc fgncmr mxtrmdf`fdmgtm alg-elrtfbcms. Mstf afrfatmrstiaf algeinurfaig `maff alg gnucl sm fprlvmahf fc dxidl mcrfyl `m faaig `m cf aff, ms igìaf`f mg clstlrgmls y mg cf prfatiaf `mc aftah fg` rmcmfsm,mg `lg`m cls timdpls `m aldbftm slg gmamsfrif-dmgtm alrtls.

='5''

6:9

B

inNfdm

>'


45/56

prl cinhtIc nilimccl i afsf Alcdia pmr qumccl ahm rinufr`f cf trfigf ig prlelgì-t, prl`lttf ig afrblgil fctl dlùcl hf ug eustl mstrmdfdmgtm sltticmm cmnnmrl, df `ltftl ì ugf lttidf rismrvf ì pltmgzf hf ug fzilgmsmdi pfrfblciaf i`mfcm pmr nmstirm fc dmncil i aldbfttidmgti alg nrls-sm prm`m uticizzfg`l ducigmcci m tmrdigfci uctrf cmnnmri.

Olyf `m afsf Alcdia pfrf mc aurriag mg prleugi`f`, prlùai`f mgafrblgil fctl dlùcl timgm ug eustm mxtrmdfdmgtm sutic y cinmrl, pmrl`ltf`l `m ugf lptidf rmsmrvf `m pltmgaif timgm ugf faaig smdi pf-rfblciaf i`mfc pfrf nmstir dmolr cls aldbftms alg prm`fs nrfg`ms,uticizfg`l afrrmtms y tmrdigfcms uctrfcinmrls.

FC]DIGI]D HMFUY @]PYBL@Y & HLL@Q

FBQ ]GI B]PP

66:

FC]DIGI]D HMFUY @]PY

BL@Y & HLL@Q

GMLZRMGM ]GI B]PP

Afggf alg rismrvf ì pltmgzf maamzilgfcm pur dfgtmgmg`l igfctmrftmcm lti i smgsibicit m rmfttivit. F`vfgam XXP rislcutf, igìstruttibicmm ivmrtmgtissidf gmccm glstrm bfttutm i pmsaf.

Aff alg rmsmrvf `m pltmgaif maampailgfc qum nfrfgtizf cfs afrfatmri-stiafs `m smgsibici`f` y rmfativi`f`. F`vfgam xxt ms prlgtf, igìstrua-tibcm y gmamsfrif mg gumstrfs sfci`fs mg pmsaf.

f`vfgam` einht xt

Prlccign bin nfdm

LEE-Qhlrm nfcfxyCi`mfcm pmr ahi amraf ug fttrmzzl alg ug eustl pltmgtm m rmfttivl,gfsam pmr cf trfigf `fcturf vimgm dlgtftf alg afrrualcm m ug afcailfdlvibicm ig fccudigil alg cf pfrtm supmrilrm `mccl stmssl rivmstitl igMvf pmr nfrfgtirm ug dfssidf prmsf ig efsm ì aldbfttidmgtl.

I`mfc pfrf quimg busaf ugf aff alg eustm pltmgtm y rmfativl, gfampfrf mc aurriafg `m fcturf, vimgm dlgtf`f alg auf`mrgfcms y cf tf`ffdlvibcm `m fcudigil, alg cf pfrtm supmrilr `mc disdl rmaubimrtl mgMUF pfrf nfrfgtizfr mc dxidl mg cf efsm `m aldbftm.

bcfak dfniaRmfcizzftf ig eustl dlglpmzzl ahm gm algemrisam pltmgzf m feei`fbi-cit fgahm su prm`m idplrtfgti gmccf pmsaf f bin nfdm, vimgm elrgitfì ug afcail ig fccudigil fdlvibicm `ltftl ì arlaimrf pmr aigturf `faldbfttidmgtl, fgmcci f afrrualcf QP]FRP vmgnlgl eissfti alg `lppimcmnfturm pmr ug lttidfcm rmsf gmc tmdpl.

Rmfcizf`f mg eustm `m ugf pimzf qum ltlrnf ugf pltmgaif y algeifbi-ci`f` tfdbig sus prmsfs idplrtfgtms mg cf pmsaf f bin nfdm, vim-gm mquipf`f cf pftf`f fdlvibcm mg fcudigil, cls fgiccls f nfrruahfQP]FRP vimgmg eiof`ls alg `lbcms mgauf`mrgfailgms pfrf ugf dxi-df ùrfaig mg mc timdpl.

RLCCMR PLZQCFRNM HMF@


46/56

AL@M

A@ZR:9 5' 6=: ad =5: 66,=: dd 6+]gi Butt 2: cbs

A@ZR6: 5' 6=: ad =>= 61,6: dd 6+]gi Butt 1: cbs

A@ZR66 5'5'' 65= ad ==: 62,5: dd 6+]gi Butt 62 cbs

A@ZR62 5'5'' 65= ad =5= 61,:: dd 6+]gi Butt 2: cbs

A@ZR61 5'5'' 65= ad =9: 61,=: dd 6+]gi Butt 1: cbs

A@ZR60 >' 68: ad =8: 61,1: dd 6+]gi Butt 62 cbs

A@ZR6= >' 68: ad 5:: 60,:: dd 6+]gi Butt 2: cbs

A@ZR65 >' 68: ad 5=: 6=,:: dd 6+]gi Butt 1: cbs BCFAK ERFDM

QIA

QPL

GM

666

Prlccign-B

inNfdm

AL@M

A@BC== ='5' 621 ad >8: 61,>: dd 6+]gi Butt =: - 8: cbs

A@BC=5 5' 619 ad 81= 68,:: dd 6+]gi Butt =: - 8: cbs

0=ad

HMFUY @]PYBL@Y & HLL@Q

FBQ ]GI B]PP

BCFAK ERFDM

QIA

QPL

GMAL@M

A@F@:2 5' 608 ad =>8 62,:: dd 6+]gi Butt 1: cbs

AFF@:15'5'' 652 ad ==: 66,2: dd 6+]gi Butt 62 cbs

AFF@:0 5'5'' 652 ad =90 62,2: dd 6+]gi Butt 2: cbs

A@F@:= 5'5'' 652 ad 520 61,6: dd 6+]gi Butt 1: cbs

A@F@:5 >' 6>8 ad =80 62,6: dd 6+]gi Butt 62 cbs

A@F@:> >' 6>8 ad 56> 61,6: dd 6+]gi Butt 2: cbs

AFF@:8 >' 6>8 ad 581 60,5: dd 6+]gi Butt 1: cbs

QFCP FPMR

FC]DIGI]D

B]PP

AL@M

A@LE:6 ='5" 61= ad 56: 61,5: dd 6 + ]gi Butt 1:-=: cbs

PRMUIRF BFN

PRMUIRF BFN


47/56

Zrl cinht xxtBcfgk fctl dlùcl, aldplgmgtisaf Euoi Fcalgitm Clw Ri`mr, afcai ig afrblgil cmnnmrissidi m` msacusivi i`mfti `f Alcdia, rmg`lgl qumstm afggmsmdprm pi pmrelrdfgti m` iditftm. Glg seunnir gmssugf tlaaf `mc pmsam, cf clrl cmnnmrmzzf vi pmrdmttmr ì tmgmrm cf afggf ig dfgl tuttlic nilrgl, cf clrl pltmgzf m rmfttivit vi efr fpprmzzfrm ic aldbfttidmgtl `fccigizil fccf eigm alg ic dfssidl algelrt m cf dfssidf trfgquiccit.Qlttlplstm f arfsh tmst fdpifdmgtm `laudmgtfti ig pmsaf vmrf su nrfgì tlggi alg ug uticizzl alrrmttl hfggl fvutl ugf risplstf maamcsf,algemrdfg`l ahm fgahm su acfssi pi cmnnmrm aldm cm 62cbs plssibicm plrtfrm f bulg eigm ug aldbfttidmgtl alg ug pmsam lvmrsizm glg igprlnrfddf. Cf cugnhmzzf > pimì algsinciftf pmr ahi pmsaf f idbfrafzilgi alg i dltlri eulriblr`l m pmr ic `lwgrinnmr, qumccf i 55 pmr cm

fctrm idbfrafzilgi m pmr cf tmagiaf mc pildbl nufrìfgl, qumccf i 5 pmr ahi hf prlbcmdi alg cl stivfnnil. Acfssm, msing, igglvfzilgm fgalrfugf vlctf gmccialgf Alcdia, lvm cf pmsaf mvm mssmrm fgahm ivmrtidmgtl!!

Bcfgak fctl dlùcl, aldplgm Euoi Fcalgitm Clw Ri`mr, dlc`m mg afrblgil cinmrls mxacusivls y armf`ls mg Alcdia, hfamg mstfs affs rmgì`lrfs.Gl msafpfr mc tlqum `mc pmz, su cinmrmzf pmrditir tmgmr cf aff mg dfgl tl`l mc ìf, pltmgaif y rmfativi`f` hfrg fprmaifr mc aldbftm `ms`mmc igiail hfstf mc eig alg mc dxidl algelrt y cf dxidf trfgquici`f`. Qltlpumstfs f arfsh tmst mg pmsaf `m ftugms alg su usl alrrmatl hfy ugfrmspumstf subcidm, algeirdfg`l tfdbig mg acfsials cinmrls `m 62 cbs.fprlx. Ms plsibcm ccmvfr f bumg eig mc aldbftm alg ug pmsaf`l lvmr sizm.Cf clgnitu` m > pims sm rmaldimg`f pfrf quimg pmsaf mg mdbfrafailgms alg dltlrms y pfrf mc lwgrinnmr, m 55 pfrf ltrfs mdbfrafailgms,y `m 5 pfrf quimg timgm prlbcmdfs mg mstibf. Acfsm, ìsml `m afsf Alcdia, `lg`m cf pmsaf `mbm smr smr ugf ìvmrsig!!

QICUMR BCFPM@

FCA

LGI

PM

662 Prlccign


48/56

AL@M

A@ZRE:6 5' 601 ad 082 6:,=: dd 6+]gi Butt 2: cbs

A@ZRE:2 5' 601 ad =6: 66,1: dd 6+]gi Butt 1: cbs

A@ZRE:1 5'5'' 6=8 ad 0>: 6:,=: dd 6+]gi Butt 62 cbs

A@ZRE:0 5'5'' 6=8 ad 0>: 66,1: dd 6+]gi Butt 2: cbs

A@ZRE:= 5'5'' 6=8 ad =69 62,6: dd 6+]gi Butt 1: cbs

A@ZRE:5 >' 6>1 ad 085 66,=: dd 6+]gi Butt 62 cbs

A@ZRE:> >' 6>1 ad =:0 62,1: dd 6+]gi Butt 2: cbs

A@ZRE:8 >' 6>1 ad =56 60,6: dd 6+]gi Butt 1: cbs

661

Prlccign


49/56

AL@M

AFER:6F 6,0: 60: ad 2:2 6:,0: dd 6 6::-0:: cbs

AFER:6B 6,5: 65: ad 25: 66,1: dd 6 6::-0:: cbs

AFER:6A 6,8: 68: ad 29: 62,=: dd 6 6::-0:: cbs

ermgzmgCi`mfcm fttrmzzl pmr ahi si vulcm fvviaigfrm fccftrfigm alstimrf,df fvmg`l gmccl stmssl tmdpl ugfafggf plcivfcmgtm alg fzilgm dlctl rini`f alg uglttidl rfpplrtl qufcit m prmzzl.

Cf aff i`mfc pfrf quimg quimrm mdpmzfr mg cf al-stf, pmrl tmgimg`l fc disdl timdpl ugf aff plcivf-cmgtm alg faaig duy rni`f alg ugf lptidf rmcfaigafci`f`-prmail.

660

cinht elram

trlccignAfggf `f trlccign cmnnmrl, ic ìfdmtrl sltticissidlm cigarmìbicm cmnnmrmzzf `mc bcfgk, cf rmg`lgl ugprl`lttl ugial. Cf rivlcuzilgfrif prlnmttfzilgm fa-alppiftf fccm eibrm ].C.F.E. prl elram, algsmgtlglglglstfgtm ic cibbrfnnil cmnnmrissidl ì elrzfrm ic

bcfgk fc dfssidl smgzf pmrialcl ì rltturf.Aff pfrf mc aurriag cinmrl, mc ìfdmtrl suticsidly cf igarmibcm cinmrmzf `mc bcfgk, cf hfamg ug prlùa-tl ugial. Cf rmvlcuailgfrif prlymatfaig falpcf`f fcfs eibrfs ].C.F.E. ZRL ELRAM, pmrditmg qum f pmsfr`m su cinmrl pmsl pum`f rmelrzfr fc dxidl sig pm-cinrl m rlturf.

AL@M

AFCI:2F 5'5" 650 ad 0>= 6:,2: dd 6 + ]gi Butt 0-8Cbs

AFCI:2B >' 68: ad 09: 6:,8: dd 6 + ]gi Butt 0-8Cbs

AFCI:2A >'5" 69= ad =:: 6:,9: dd 6 + ]gi Butt 0-8Cbs

BCFAK ERFDM

QIA

QPLGM

Prlccign

AL@M

AFB]:6 2,6:dt 66: ad 18: 61,5: dd 2 5-62 cbs

AFB]:2 2,0:dt 625 ad 0:= 60,8: dd 2 5-62 cbs

AFB]:1 2,>:dt 60: ad 05: 65,:: dd 2 5-62 cbs

bustmr 62:Afggf f` iggmsti rmfcizzftf ig nrfeitm,cf smzilgm ìbfsm hf ug fzilgm prlnrmssivf frriahitl `f eigiturm

ig mrnhfc, cf pcfaaf plrtf ducigmccl f vitm, idpu-ngfturf fgftldiaf m arlaimrf gm efggl ug bulg prl-`lttl prmsmgtftl alg fgmcci ig sidic sia.

Aff f falpcms rmfcizf`f mg nrfeitl, cf smaaig `mbfsm timgm ugf faaig prlnrmsivf mgriqumai`l `m rm-eigiailgms mg mrnhfc, cf pcfaf plrtf afrrmtm f rlsaf,mdpufùrf fgftldiaf, cf hfamg ug bumg prlùatlprmsmgtf`l alg fgiccls mg sidic sia.

]GIB]PP


50/56

66=

Oinnign

-Prlccign

AL@M

AFCI:1F ='1'' 65: ad 20: 8,2: dd 6 >:-2=:

AFCI:1B 5' 68: ad 2>: 9,1: dd 6 >:-2=:

cinht elram oinnignDlglpmzzl armftl prmttfdmgtm pmr cf pmsaf f vmrtiafc oinnign alg nrfd-dfturm ahm vfrifgl `f >: f 2=: nrfddi, ug eustl ig afrblgil ì fctis-

sidl dlùcl supmr cmnnmrl,ugf smzilgm sltticm `mccl stmssl gm `fgglugf rmfttivit ig fzilgm ì pmsaf vmrfdmgtm maamzilgfcm.

Zimzf armf`f mxcusivfdmgtm pfrf cf pmsaf vmrtiafc oinnign alg pmsls qumvfrifg `ms`m >: hfstf 2=: nrfdls, ug eustm mg afrblgil `m fctisidldlùcl supmr cinmrl, ugf smaaig stic `mc disdl `fg ugf rmfativi`f`mg faaig `m pmsaf mxampailgfc.

RM

MCQMFP

BCFAK ERFDM

RM

MCQMFP


51/56

AL@M

NXFR:6F 0,:: 6=: 1=: 29,2= 1

Iafrl gmt Zut-lvmrCf cmnnmrmzzf `f slcf, glg bfstf f rmg`mrm bmccl ug dfgial pmr nuf-ìgl? smrvm cf riniìt m smrvm fgahm ahm ic tuttl sif feei`fbicm fc pugtltfcm `f glg cfsaifrti dfi f pimì, tfgtl pmr usfrm ug tmrdigm gltl.Mbbmgm, ic gulvl IAFRL cmdbcmdf ì qumstm afrfttmristiahm ? rini-`l aldm ug pfcl, cmnnmrl m bicfgaiftl `f cfsaifrm sbfclrìti, rlbustlaldm gmssug fctrl. Qtrutturftl ig trm smzilgi f` iggmsti put lvmr,qumstl dfgial `ltftl ìdpfgfturm ductipcm, alcclaftm sif suc pri-dl ahm suc smalg`l pmzzl pmr lvvifrm fccm pi svfriftm gmamssit ìpmsaf. Lngi blaalcf eissftf, lctrm ahm alg alccfgtm mplssiìal, fgahmalg `lppi rivmtti m cf zlgf stmssf ì eissfnnil rigelrzftf `f tripciamgfstrfturf i aldplsitl.

Mc pmsl plr s slcl gl ms sueiaimgtm pfrf algvmrtir ug dfgnl `m sf-af`mrf mg tlpm `m nfdf? hfam efctf rini`mz y eifbici`f`. Zums bimg, mcgumvl IAFR]Q ms mc mdbcmdf `m mstfs afrfatmrstiafs? rni`l aldl ugpfcl, cinmrlp y mquicibrf`l y eumrtm. @m trms trfdls put lvmr, mstmdfgnl timgm ìemrmgtms fcfrnls pfrf ìemrmgtms gmamsi`f`ms `m pmsaf.Af`f afsquiccl mst eiof`l, fs aldl alg f`hmsivl mplxi, tfdbig algrmdfahms `lbcms y cf disdf zlgf `m eiofaig mst rmelrzf`f plr ugrmeumrzl tripcm `m dftmrifc aldplsitl.

Frms tmcmsalpiaCFrms ug dfgial tmcmsalpial vmrfdmgtm rlbustl, alg ugf `lwgelram gltmvlcm; qumstl cl rmg`m smgzfctrl f`fttl fccf aldpmtizilgm,df fgahm fccf pmsaf pmr ìcmttl. ]g pfrtialcfrm `f tmgmrm bmgm ig alg-si`mrfzilgm ic rigelrzl f tripcf gfstrfturf i aldplsitl gmccf zlgf ìdfnnilr strmss, ig prlssidit `mccf blaalcf. Pfcm rigelrzl, ahm igtm-rmssf cf pfrtm tmrdigfcm `mccf smzilgm, supplrtftl `f ugf rivmttfturf`mccf stmssf blaalcf, cf qufcm nfrfgtisam cf dincilr tmgfait trf cm pfrtim` ugf rlbustmzzf lctrm cf glrdf. Alsdmsi faafttivfgtm m cigmfr oligt,idprmzilsisalgl uctmrilrdmgtm cfttrmzzl.

Frms ms ug dfgnl tmcmsalpial vmr`f`mrfdmgtm rlbustl, alg ug `lwgelram idplrtfgtm; mstl hfam qum smf f`mauf`l pfrf cf aldpmtiailg ytfdbimg pfrf cls ìcmgtfgtms. ]g pfrtiaucfridplrtfgtm ms mc rmeumrzlf tripcm nrfbfr mg cf pfrtm `m dfs mstrms, amraf `m cf rlsaf. Mc rm-eumrzl, alg mc fplyl `m ug rmdfgahm `mc cf disdf rlsaf, fsmnurf cfdmolr tmgfai`f` mgtrm cfs pfrtms y ugf eumrzf ds fcc `m cf glrdf.Alsdsf ftrfativfs y cigmfr oligt, mdbmccmamg fg ds cf afgf.

AL@M

NXZR00 0,0: 65: ad 162 1=,:: dd 1NXZR=8 =,8: 65: ad 0== 1>,=: dd 0

dlrphmus Zut-lvmrFpprmzzftl f tutti nci fnlgisti, ic DLRZHM]Q ug pmremttl bigldil i cmnnmrmzzf m dfgmnnmvlcmzzf, lttmgutl nrfzim f` ugf pfrtialcfrm dfg-`rigfturf mccm smzilgi m` fc dftmrifcm uticizzftl pmr cfssmdbcfnnil. Zrl`lttl ig afrblgil fctl dlùcl alg tmaglclnif ].C.F.E. Afrblg m trfttftlalg prlamssl FQN (Fgti Qciìgn Nrip), qumstl dfgial risuctf mssmrm ic dfssidl `mccf salrrmvlcmzzf ig efsm ì rmaupmrl, mcidigfg`l tltfcdmgtmqumi efstiìlsi fttriti lvuti fc mplsitfrsi i splraizif l udiìt succm dfgi `mc pmsaftlrm.Ic DLRZHM]Q si rivmcf trf i dfgiai pi rfpiì m rmfttivi prmsmgti suc dmraftl, trfsdmttmg l fc pmsaftlrm ugf smgsfzilgm ì nrfgìssidf slciìt

nmgmrfcm. @um cm blaalcm utici fccfvvitfdmgtl `mccf tmstf suc dfgial? ugf plsizilgftf succf pridf smzilgm m cfctrf fppciaftf suc vmrtiam `mccfsmalg`f smzilgm. Mstrmdfdmgtm vfci`l pmr cfnlgistf, df fctrmttfgtl riahimstl fc pmsaftlrm msinmgtm.

AL@M

NXDL06 0,2:-1,:: 6=: ad 19: 11,:: dd 1

NXDL=1 =,=:-0,2: 6=: ad =1= 1=,=: dd 0

665

Zrmdiud gmt Zut-lvmrVumstl gulvl nilimccl ì afsf Alcdia, si ìstignum pmr ug bicfgaifdmgtl m` ugf cmnnmrmzzf smgzf pfri. Rmfcizzftl igtmrfdmgtm ig ].C.F.E. Afr-blg HD==-5:, alg tmaglclnif Zrl Elram Afrblg m FQN (Fgti Qciìgn Nrip), qumstigarmìbicm dfgial pmr nufìgl, stftl rmfcizzftl su `mi prleiciahm gm faamgtufgl cf riniìt m cf cmnnmrmzzf, fppugtl, algemrmg`lnci `mccm afrfttmristiahm nclbfci dfi vistm pridf, su fctri prl`ltti fppfrtmgmgtifccf aftmnlrif. Fbbigftl f` ugf `mccm glstrm tmstm ig rmtm `f aldpmtizilgm, si rivmcmr ug fttrmzzl igslstituibicm m ì siaurl msacusivl. Ic pfrtial-cfrm ifdmtrl mi pmzzi bfsm, aldpftibicm iglctrm alg i kit afrpf ig qufttrl smzilgi i tuttm cm glstrm RBQ, algsmgtmg`l quigì ic clrl usl aldmprlcugnhm pmr i kit stmssi. Qi pltr lttmgmrm als ugf rlbustissidf m prftiaf digi rlubfisimggm (splgìgl), f uticizzfrm urfgtm cm nrfvlsm sms-silgi i pmsaf ig afrpl rldl; emrdl rmstfg`l ic pltmr algtfrm smdprm su ug nufìgl i airaf 1.:: dt. ]gf fctrf nrfg`m glvit Alcdia, ugfctrf`mccm tfgtm pmr qumstf stfnilgm 2:62. @um cm disurm isplgibici? 0.0: m =.8: dt.


52/56

smalg` smatilg

smalg` smatilg

eirst smatilg

eirst smatilg

AL@M

NXIA:6 0,:: - 2,8: 6=: ad 06= 16,:: dd 1

Gumvl vfclr mg Afsf Alcdia, sm ìstignum plr ug mquicibril y ugf cinmrmzf sig aldpfrfaig. Rmfcizf`lmgtmrfdmgtm mg ].C.F.E. Afrblg HD==-5:, alg tmaglclnif Zrl Elram Afrblg y FQN(Fgti Qciìgn Nrip).Mstm igarmbcm dfgnl pfrf sfaf`lrf, hf si`l rmfcizf`l mg `ls pmreicms qum famgtfg cf rini`mz y cfcinmrmzf, ltlrnfg`l afrfatmristiafs nclbfcms ofdfs vistfs mg ltrls prlùatls m su aftmnlrf. Aldbi-gf`l f ugf `m gumstrfs afbmzfs mg rm` pfrf aldpmtiaig, sm rmvmcf ugf hmrrfdimgtf igsustituibcm ymxacusivf. Mc mspmaifc ìfdmtrl `m cfs pfrtms `m bfsm, ms aldpftibcm alg ltrls kit-afrpf mg 0 smaailgms`m tl`fs gumstrfs RBQ.Qm pl`r lbtmgmr fsi ugf rmsistmgtm y pratiaf digi rlubfisimggm, pfrf utici-zfr mg cfs ìeiaicms smaailgms `m pmsaf mg afrpl`rldl. sm mxtmg`mr sig pmrouiail, sm pl`r simdprmalgtfr alg cf sfaf`lrf `m afsi 1.:: dt. Ltrf nrfg`m glvm`f` Alcdia, ltrf `m cfs tfgtfs pfrf mstftmdplrf`f 2:62. @ls dmì`fs isplgibcms? 0.0: y =.8: dt.

Fprmaif`l plr cls fnlgistfs, mc DLRZHM]Q ms ug pmrematl bigldil `m cinmrmzf y dfgmofbici`f`, lbtm-gi`l nrfaifs f su mspmaifc dfg`rigfturf `m cfs smaailgms y fc dftmrifc uticizf`l pfrf mc mgsfdbcfom.Zrlùai`l mg afrblgil fctl dlùcl alg tmaglclnf ].C.F.E. Afrblg y trftf`l alg prlamsl FQN (fgtisciìgn nrip) mstm dfgnl ms cf dfs alrrmìzf mg cf efsm `m rmaupmrfaig, mcidigfg`l tltfcdmgtm cfdlcmstf eriaaig `mbi`l f cf `mplsiaig `m suaim`f` l hudm`f` `m cfs dfgls `mc pmsaf`lr.

DLRZHM]Q sm rmvmcf mgtrm cls dfgnls ds rfpi`ls y rmfativls prmsmgtms mg mc dmraf`l, trfgsdi-timg`l fc pmsaf`lr ugf smgsfaig `m dfylr rlbustmz nmgmrfc. @ls afsquiccls uticms pfrf fltrgiccfr`m cf afbmzf `mc dfgnl? ugf plsiailgf`f mg cf pridmrf smaaig y cf ltrf fpciaf`f mg mc vmrtiam `m cfsmnug`f smaaig. Mxtrmdfdmgtm vci`l pfrf mc fnlgistf, y duy rmqumri`l plr mc pmsaf`lr mxinmgtm.

eirst + smalg` smatilgs

eirst smatilg

eirst smatilg


66>

DfgiaiìNu

fìgl-Dfgnls`m

sfafrlrf

6:ad

rmigelram` frmf 1=ad

rmigelram` frmf 6:ad


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1.1:DP 0.=:DP

6 Qma. Pmcm 6 Qma. Pmcm

2 Qma. Igsmrt 2 Igsmrt

1 But Qmat. 1 Igsmrt

0 But Qmat.

668

Vumstl gulvl dfgial pmr nufìgl, stftl fpplsitfdmgtm stuìftl pmr feerlgtfrm cm situfzilgi ìpmsaf pi mstrmdm . Qtrutturftl ig trm smzilgi, cf pridf tmcmsalpiaf m cm fctrm f` iggmsti. Cf blaalcf alstruitf ig fccudigil fglìzzftl m` rivmstitf igtmrgfdmgtm ig lttlgm ; ug rivmttl, algslci`f ictuttl ig dfgimrf `meigitivf. I pridi 22 ad fccf blaalcf, slgl uctmrilrdmgtm rigelrzfti; succf smzilgm idprmssf cf sincf Zlwmr Nrip, ahm mvi`mgzif sif ic pfrtialcfrm rigelrzl, ahm ugf dfnnilr prmsfsuccidpungfturf ì qumstf smzilgm. Fgahm ic smalg l mcmdmgtl `mc Afrpf X Zlwmr, prmsmgtf ugrigelrzl fccf suf bfsm m` fc sul fpiam m stfvlctf stftl mvi`mgziftl alg cf gldmgacfturf 2 Zlwmr^rfp. Ic Afrpf X Zlwmr ug dfgial smgzf aldprldmssi, ì qumcci `mstigfti f` feerlgtfrm qufcsifsimvmgtl fcimutial, df qumccl ahm pi slrprmg`m cf suf cmnnmrmzzf m bicfgaifturf. ]gf vlctf prlvftl,

sfr vmrfdmgtm ieeiaicm tlrgfrm igìmtrl.

Afrpf X-ZLwmr

Qmatlr Gmt

Ofvik Gmt

Nufìgl tmcmsalpial ig Dix Afrblg, feei`fbicm, rlbustl m ìsplgi-bicm ig vfrim disurm. Uimgm usftl, sif `fnci fnlgisti, ahm `f ahi pmsafpmr ìcmttl, ig qufgtl risuctf dfgmnnmvlcm m cmnnmrl. Cf alsdmsi m cmrieigiturm aurftm cl rmg`lgl ug prl`lttl `fvvmrl faafttivfgtm.

Dfgnl `m sfaf`lrf tmcmsalpial mg Dix Afrblg, eifbcm, rlbustl y ì-splgibcm mg vfrifs dmì`fs. Qm uticizf tfgtl plr cls fnlgistfs qum plrcls fdftmur, aldl ms dfgmofbcm y cinmrl. Cf alsdmsf y cls `mttfccmshfamg `m mccl ug prlùatl duy fttfativl.

Nufìgl Dix Afrblg f` iggmsti pltmgtm, lttidl pmr ahi si fvviaigffccf pmsaf m `msi`mrf ug nufìgl rmsistmgtm. Uimgm prlplstl alg ugfblaalcf succf smzilgm. Feei`fbicit m ùrftf slgl i pugti ì elrzf `mc

Ofvik.

Dfgnl `m sfaf`lrf Dix Afrblg mgahuefbcm plgmgtm, mxamcmgtm pfrfquimg sm fprlxidf f cf pmsaf y quimrm ug dfgnl `m sfaf`lrf rmsistmg-tm. Qm prlplgm alg ugf rlsaf slbrm cf smatilg. Eifbici`f` y ùrfbici`f`

slg cls pugtls eumrtms m Ofvik.

Pmgsilg GmtVumstl nufìgl f` iggmsti rlbustl m` feei`fbicm nrfzim f` ugf strut-turf ig Dix-Afrblg. Uimgm `ltftl ì ì ug tfkm f pfrt ì 1: ad m ìblaalcf pmr fvvitfrm cf tmstf i nufìgl, sif succf smalg`f smzilgm ahmsuc tfkm f pfrt.

Mstm dfgnl `m sfaf`lrf mgahuefbcm ms rlbustl y eifbcm nrfaifs f ugfmstruaturf mg Dix-Afrblg. Mstf mquipf`l `m ug tfkm-pfrt `m 1:ad y`m ugf rlsaf pfrf ftlrgiccfr mc dfgnl m sfaf`lrf, tfdbimg slbrm cfsmnug`f smaailg qum slbrm mc tfkm-f pfrt.


54/56

AL@M

NXOF:6F 1,:: 660 ad 15= 29,8: dd 1

NXOF:6B 0,:: 660 ad 10: 10,=: dd 0

eirst smatilg

AL@M

NXQM:6F 1,:: 66= ad 12: 25,:: dd 1

NXQM:6B 0,:: 66= ad 0>= 28,0: dd 0

NXQM:6A =,:: 66= ad 51: 16,1: dd =

eirst smatilg

AL@M

NXPM:6F 1,1:-2,2: 669 ad 02: 29,=: dd 0


669

Prlccign

Dfgiaiìnu

fìgl-Dfgnls`m

sfafrlrf

eirst smatilg

Mstm gumvl dfgnl `m sfaf`mrf, mstf msprmsfdmgtm mstuìf`l pfrf ferlgtfr cfs situfailgms `m pmsaf dsmxtrmdfs. Algstrui`l mg trms smaailgms, cf pridmrf tmcmsapiafs y cf ltrf mgahuefbcm. Cf rlsaf mst alg-strui`f mg fcudigil fglìzf`l rmvmsti`f igtmrgfdmgtm mg albrm. ug rmdfahm algslci`f `m dfgmrf `meigi-tivf cfs ls mstruaturfs. Cls pridmrls 22 ad m cf rlsaf, slg mspmaifcdmgtm rmelrzf`ls, slbrm cf smaaigmstf idprmsf "Zlwmr Nrip" , qum mvi`mgaif mc pfrtiaucfr rmeumrzl pfrf ug dmolr fnfrrm `m mstf smaaig.Fug qum mc smnug`l mcmdmgtl `mc afrpf X Zlwmr, prmsmgtf ug rmeumrzl mg cf bfsm `mc mxtrmdl rmalgl-aibcm alg cf gldmgacfturf 2 Zlwmr ^rfp .Mc Afrpf X Zlwumr gl timgm gignug tipl `m aldpcmols algrmspmatl pfrf cl qum hf si`l `mstigf`l,ferlgtfr aufcquimrf qum smf mc mvmgtl `mplrtivl `m pmsaf ,pmrlcl qum dfs slrprmg`m ms su cinmrmzf y mquicibril. ]gf vmz qum cl prumbfs, smr duy ìeaic vlcvmr ftrs.

AL@M

NXAF16 1,1: 626 ad 28: 2=,:: dd 1

AL@M

NXAF12 0,=: 626 ad 18: 2=,>: dd 0


55/56

ByttmDfgial tmcmsalpial ig dftmrifcm aldplsitl. Dfgmnnmvlcm, rini`l m dlctl rlbustl, i`mfcm pmrtuttm cm tmagiahm ì pmsaf. Uimgm prl`lttl gmccm disurm ì 2-1-0 dmtri. Lttidl rfpplrtl qufcitprmzzl.

Dfgnl tmcmsapial `m sfaf`lrf `m aldplsitm. Dfgmofbcm, rni`l y duy eumrtm, ms i`mfc pfrftl`fs cfs tagiafs `m pmsaf. @isplgibcm mg cfs dmì`fs 2-1-0 dmtrls, rmcfaig afci`f` prmailmxamcmgtm.

AL@M

NXBY:6F 2,:: 660 ad 69: 20,=: dd 2

NXBY:6B 1,:: 660 ad 28= 2>,8: dd 1

NXBY:6A 0,:: 660 ad 00: 16,=: dd 0

thug`mrNufìgl f` iggmsti plcivfcmgtm, alstruitl ig ducti eibrf. Zltmgtm m` feei`fbicm, si prmstf f` mssm-rm uticizzftl fgahm `fi pmsafsplrtivi dmgl mspmrti. Blaalcf plsizilgftf succf pridf m smalg`fsmzilgm i qumstl dfgial.

Qfaf`lrf f igomrtls plcivfcmgtms, algstrui`l mg ducti eibrf. Zltmgtm y algeifbcm, sm prmstf pfrfuticizfrsm tfdbimg plr cls pmsaf`lrms dmgls mxpmrtls. Afsquiccl ugial situf`l mg cf pridmrf ysmnug`f smaailg `mc dfgnl.

AL@M

NXPH:6F 1,:: 660 ad 15= 29,8: dd 1

NXPH:6B 0,:: 660 ad 10: 10,=: dd 0

eirst smatilg

AL@M

NXCF:6F 1,1:-2,2: 669 ad 02: 29,=: dd 0

cfbrf`lrNufìgl f` iggmsti ig Dix-Afrblg vmrfdmgtm rlbustl m feei`fbicm. @ltftl i ug tfkm-fpfrt i 1:ad. Blaalcm pmr cfvvitfdmgtl `mccf tmstf, sif suc tfkm-fpfrt ahm succf smalg`f smzilgm.

Qfaf`lrf f igomrtls mg Dix-Afrblg vmr`f`mrfdmgtm rmsistmgtm y algeifbcm. @ltf`l `m ug tfkm-fpfrt m 1: ad.Afsquiccls pfrf ftlrgiccfr cf afbmzf, yf smf mg mc tfkm-fpfrt, qum mg cf smnug`fsmaaig.


eirst smatilg

kivfg

Nufìgl f` iggmsti ig dix afrblg, vmrfdmgtm rlbustl. F`fttl pmr alcui ahm igizif f aidmgtfrsialg cf pmsaf, df fgahm pmr ic pmsaftlrm pi mspmrtl, aldm prftial m` malgldial nufìgl ìrismrvf. Zfrtialcfrm m` igtmrmssfgtm slcuzilgm, qumccf `mccm ùm blaalcm pmr cfvvitfdmgtl `mccftmstf, cm qufci slgl stftm plsizilgftm sif succf pridf ahm succf smalg`f smzilgm.

Qfaf`lrf f igomrtls mg dix-afrblg vmr`f`mrfdmgtm rmsistmgtm. F`mauf`l pfrf quimg igiaif ffvmgturfrsm alg cf pmsaf, pmrl tfdbimg pfrf mc pmsaf`lr mxpmrtl, aldl

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