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No. 129 Spring 2004/5 3.00 Stg2.50

SNP ElectionCampaign

Property Feveron Breizh

The Declarationofthe Bro Gymraeg

Istor ar Cherneveg

Irish Language News

Strategy for Cornish

Police Bug Scandalin Mann

EU Constitution Vote No!

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Alba

Abajr gun robh sinn toilichte cluinntinngun bidh faclan Gidhlig ar na ceadan-siubhail no passports again nuair a thig ceann na bliadhna seo no a dh aithgheor2000. Dreach mara tha sinn a dol thairisair Caulas na Frainge le bta no le trantaing don tuneil eadar Sasunn is an Fhraingch sinn a h-uile cail sa chnaindthchasach Fraingeis agus tha iad a

bruidhin na Fraingeis agus sa Phlainn sa

phlais no Portagaileis ann an Portagailagus mar sin air adhart. Chan eil roghachdfeadh Roinn Corpa far a bheil daoine aLeagasy tre na Beurla idir.

Ach is docha gum bi ar cnain againnfhin, a Ghidhlig cho lidir ri cnainEorpach sam bith fhathast. Sa chiad dol a-mach tha Pr1amaid Albannach again a-risan deidh faisg air tri ceud bliadhna aqus thaBile Gidhlig dam bainm GaelicLanguage (Scotland) Bill a dol troimhpe.

Sa chiad dol n-mach, tha am Bile seo agamass air buidheann a stidheachadh dam

bainm Brd na Gidhlig www.bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk agus bithidh am Brdseo a cur na Gidhlig air adhart, gacomhairleachadh agus ga brosnachadh.Mar eisirnpleir, bidh am Brd a cur taicris a h-uile buidheann Ghidhlig le taic adhionnsaigh deich mle not. ma bhios iar-rtasan a tighinn a-steach don Bhrd ro 28den Ghearran 2005. Taobh a-staigh na bli-adhna feumaidh am Brd innleachd no

plana a dhealbhadh agus ga chur gus noMinistearan Albannach (se sin ri rdh ar

Riaqhaltas Albannach).Tha sia miosan aca airson freagairtfhaighinn bhuapa. Ach, mur eil ughdarrasionadail toilichte le iarrtas a Bhrd chan eilach 28 lithean aca airson ath-agairt noappeal.

Ach de tha sin aciallachadh? Cothrumna Finne air son na Gidhlig? S dochagum bidh chan eil fois againn fhathast.Ach tha d rud feumail a bhi teagasg a h-uile cuspair tre na Gidhlig feadh Alba uilegu leir agus cluich sa Gidhlig ro aoisdol don sgoi1.

Nuair a thig sinn a-staigh don t-saoghalseo; chan eil facal sam bith again. Uima sintha a faumail gum bheil gach leanabh acluich sa Gidhlig roimh dol don sgoil.Taing do Chomhairle nan Sgoiltean Araich(CNSA) 53 sraid na h-eaglais,

TEACASG TRE NA GIDHLIGInbhirnis/Inverness B IV1 1DR fon01463-225 469 e-mail derek@cnaa.org.uktha cobhair is fiosrachadh ri fhaighinn athaobh cluich sa Gidhlig ro aois dol dosgoil, Bithidh an t-ughdar is ionadai1 noCNSA Loilichte fiosrachadh a thoirt modheidhinn sgoiltean far a bheil teagasg treno Gidhlig, mar eisimpleir bun-sgoilToll-cross ann an Dunidean no bunsgoilis ard sgoil Gidhlig ann an Glaschu agus

bun sgoil Gidhlig ann an Inbhirnis.

Fad iomadach ginealachan tha an cnanSasunnach, a Bheurla, a bagairt ar cnainAlbannach again fhin a Ghidhlig. Ach ro

briseadh a-mach a Chogaidh CeudBliadhna cadar Sasunn is an Fhraing sa bli-adhna 1337, bha an, Fhraingis a bagairt naBeurla Shasunnach mar a tha Beurleamaoidh a chnan Albannach againn fhinan diugh. Mar eisimplair, sa bhliadhna1332 dhrdaich Achd Phrlamaid gum

biodh an Fhraingis air a teagasg gu gach

leanabh feodh Sasunn. Tr bliadhna andeidh sin sa bhliadhna 1335 thinig an t.-rdugh a-macg ann an Oxford nach robhcomhradh ceadaichte mur eil e sa Laideannno san Fhraingis. An sin, c thinig thairisair an Tomar a-steach do Shasunn achIain Trevisa, Cracadun, St Mellion, aChrn a dhionnsachadf ann an oilthighOxford. Sna 1ithean seo bhathar teagasga Bheurla Shasunnach air a teagasg tre naBeurla, fada nos fharr na tre an Fhraingis.

Ghabh cairdean na Beurla ris a sin agusbha a chnan aca buadhmhor. Dhearbh e

gun robh e feumail Lheagasg tre na Beurlama bhios tu air son a Beurla a shbhaladh.Uime sin, feumaidh sinn croileagan stid-heach feadh Alba gu leir fo smachd.Comhairle nan Sgoilteen Araich far a

bhiodh gagh loanabh feadh Alba a cluich

tre na Gidhlig gus an robh e no I a doldon sgoil.. An sin bhiodh a huile teasgagtre na Gidhlig air son gach piste ann anAlba- Mur eil sinn fhaighinn sin bidh amBile Gidhlig gun fheum.

Thuig Iain Trevisa gun robh e feumail sina dhanamh. Seo mar a sgrohh e sa bhli-adhna 1365, dhatharraich Iain Crn,maighstir gramair, ionnsachadh is tuigsinn

gramair sna sgoiltean on Fhraingis guBeurla agus dhionnsaich RichardPencrych an aon scrsa theagaisg agusfeadhainn eile Pencrych; leis a sin, sa

bhliadhna don Thjghearna Againn 1385,an naodhamh bliadhna don Righ Richardan didh aCheannsachaidh anns a h-uilesgoil grmair feadh Sasunn, tha na leana-

ban a trigainn na Fraingis agus ac1each-dadh grmair agus ag iannsachadh naBeurla Shaasunnach.

Chan eil roghachd san Roinn Eorpa far abheil teagasg tre Beurla ach tre a chnan

duthchasac . mar Daineis anns anDanmarc, no Fineis ann am Fionlainn noPileis ann am Plainn agus mas sin airadhart.

Tha fios againn gum bheil Gidhlig airTV is radio, sna paipearan is leabhraicheanis club nan Gidheal is soidhnean agussoidhnean-rathaid (mar air an EileanSgitheanach), . Ach chan eil iad deata-mach no feumail. Tha fios againn gum

bheil cluich sa Ghidhlig ro sgoil agus tea-gasg tre na Gidhlig anns gach sgoil, feu-mail air son aiseirigh na cnan Albannachagainn fhin.

SUMMARYThe Gaelic Language (Scotland) Bill has

been a long time dragging itself through

the Scottish Parliament. Now its contents

are available one is left wondering how it

will set patterns for the future. It begins

with setting up Brd na Gidhlig, the main

duties are to advise and promote the lan-

guage. The Brd then has to make a lan-

guage plan which the Scottish Ministers(that is the Scottish Executive) have six

months to consider. Local authorities, on

the other hand, have 28 days to appeal

against demands to which they cannot

agree. Though the bill, on the face of it;

may only be setting out the rights and the

duties of Brd na Gidhlig and the Scottish

Ministers (i.e. the Scottish Executive) and

the local authorities as time goes on we

may find it the best legislative structure to

allow the revival of our language so that it

can be used throughout Scotland in the

same way that other languages throughoutEurope, as is Polish to Poland or as Dutch

to the Netherlands.

Gilleasbuig MacMhuirichGilleasbuig Lachlainn Illeasbuig.

Brd na Gidhlig

Working for the language.

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It has to be said, this is one of thestrangest books you will ever read about

the Celtic scene. The title refers to the onlything the ancient Celts were supposed to beafraid of. It will by turn infuriate, educate,then have you in stitches.

Rob Penn achieves what many of uswould love to do that is, spend thegreater part of the year visiting and fully

participating in Pan Celtic music and fes-tivals.

His method of achieving this ratherexpensive feat is by using journalisticexperience to make the whole undertakingresearch for the book he would write.

Make no mistake though; our Rob is noordinary journalist. He was no more spec-tator, but took his task so seriously that herisked liver damage and collisions withwalls, kerbs and flying fists by overindulging in the alcoholic beverages asmuch as the most enthusiastic festivalgoers.

It is all the more remarkable when heinforms us that his year of festival goingmeant long absences from his pregnant

partner! I must try that researching a bookline sometime.

Robs journey is a search for his identityand leads him and us to question the wholenotion of being Celts and what exactly areour similarities and differences. His obser-vations at times makes uncomfortable ashe reveals aspects of our six nations char-acteristics that many would prefer to keephidden.

Examples of this would be drinking toexcess, punch-ups and boorish, insulting

behaviour to people with English accents.He is fair though and mentions the many

positive aspects of Celtic society such asthe friendliness, helpfulness of people, thegreat music and poetry etc.

Robs method of being accepted into theCeltic festival scene is by using his alterego Ned Clague.

After a vision when climbing CadairIdris in mid Cymru he decided he would

become a poet under his assumed Manksname. Robs search for his Celtic roots wasdue to him being half enlish, half Manks,

but being unaware of his Celtic side havinglived mainly in England.

Neds many adventures at several festi-vals in all six Celtic countries see himgaining confidence to stand up beforeaudiences to deliver his self penned Manks/ English poems. To his own surprise, andthe reader, this proves fairly successful,

but there are some hilarious situations

The Sky is Falling on our Heads A Journey to the Bottom of the Celtic Fringe

By Rob PennPublished by Sceptre / Hodder & Stoughton. 2004, 14.99. ISBN 0-340827521.

Carn 3

Interested in Gaelic?

Make it part of your

future too

Quote this publication for afree info pack from:

Cli, North Tower,The Castle, Inverness,IV2 3EE Scotland

+44(0)1463 226710

www:cli.org.uk Email: cli@cli.ort.uk

Cli Gidhlig

where his cover could be blown at any

time.His year of festivals starts at the Beltane,May Day, festivities in Edinburgh andwind up back there at Samhain.

He first explores the ScottishGhaidhealtachd of the Outer Hebrides andafter finding out that nothingin the islandscapitol of Storeornabhagh on the Sabbath,he surprisingly declines the invitation to a

party in the wee small hours of Sundaymorning!

In mid-summer he makes the long tripdown to the Golowan Festival in Penzance,

Kernow and soon realises that many of thepeople there are proud to be Celts and notEnglish.

The history of each country is wellresearched and Ned describes the effectthat sites such as Holy Walls and StandingStones have on him.

From being sceptical about Pan-Celticism he becomes drawn in and evendefends the notion forcefully to a non-Celtic Irish lass at a fleadh in Listowel!This book has to be read to be believed.

Les Mac an Ultaigh.

The MacRaeInquiryBackgroundTwenty years ago on the 6 April theGlasgow lawyer Willie MacRae was foundunconscious in his car by the side of Loch

Loyne in the Scottish Highlands. At firstseemingly the unfortunate victim of a carcrash it later transpired that MacRae had infact been killed by a gunshot wound to thehead. Just one of a series of strange eventsthat set the backdrop to MacRaes lastfateful journey.Willie MacRae had been an activecampaigner for Scottish independencesince the 1940s and a thorn in the flesh ofthe British State. At the time of his death,and for some years beforehand, MacRaehad been heavily involved in variouscampaigns to prevent nuclear dumping inScotland, including defeating Thatchersplans for nuclear dumping at Mullwharchar.

The authorities have consistently refused torelease any information about the case.Furthermore the results of the post-morteminvestigation, and an alleged secondinternal police inquiry, have never beenreleased. Had this accident happened inEngland it would have been subject to aFatal Accident Inquiry. However theScottish establishment has simply brushedaside all such requests. For many this onlyraises more questions as to what theycould possibly be trying to cover up.

The MacRae InquiryThe MacRae Inquiry has been formed toresurrect the campaign for an independentPublic Inquiry into the circumstancessurrounding MacRaes death. Twenty yearsis far too long to wait to get to truth.Our plans for the immediate future include:

* A Public launch at Holyrood with a cross-party group of MSPs,

* Motions been laid down in Parliamentconcerning this matter

* Launch of an e-petition to the Parliament.

More information can be obtained from ourwebsite at http://ceartas.port5.com/

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Regional elections were held took placeMarch on the 21st and 28th of March 2004.For the first time they were really regionalelections, with a regional constituency, in

place of four departmental constituencies,though the seats were shared at the end onthe basis of the dpartements. Of course, theregional constituency did not correspond tothe historical Brittany, because the Liger-Atlantel/Loire-Atlantique dpartement,around Naoned/Nantes, the former capital,was not included, being now in anotherregion, a very artificial one.

The elections were based on lists. TheUDB (Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh, theBreton Democratic Union) were in alliancewith the Green Party. Among the candidatesthere were 23 candidates presented by theUDB, 52 presented by the Greens, 11 werenot members of any party, and six were

members of smaller Breton or leftist groupsin Brest area.

In the first vote, on the 21st of March, nolist took an absolute majority of votes. TheGreens-UDB list came fourth out of seven,with 9.7% of the votes. It was necessary,

BreizhAdsavidigezh ar Cherneveureg - 100 vloaz

Kant vloaz a zo, e voe embannet al levrAhandbook of the Cornish language. Skriveteo bet al levr gant Henry Jenner, un den

brudet kena e sevenadur Kerne-Veur. Dalida al levr hag an den, eo bet embannetnevez zo: Henry and Katharine Jenner: acelebration of Cornwalls culture, language

and identity, graet gant Derek R. Williams.

Diskouez a ra al levr-ma buhez Henry

Jenner hag e wreg, hag ivez an aergelchsevenadurel e Kerne-Veur har er broiokeltiek all dan ampoent. Kavet e vezskeudenno kozh a-walch, da skouer: arChendalch Etrekeltiek e krbenn Bro-Skose 1907, hag unan all kemeret e Breizh,marteze e Lezneven e 1903.

Petra eo levezon ar yezh en deiz a hiziw?

Da genta eo ret lavarout neo ket marv ar

yezh, evel ma klever alies. Bev eo, hagimplijet muioch-muia er vuhez foran.Kentelio noz a vez graet e pevar korn ar vro.Aozet e vez dibenno-sizhun e-lech maz eo

posubl, da skouer, klevout rock ekerneveureg. Ar gouarnamant breizh-veuraten deus sinet ar chartr europat ochanavezout ar yezh. Brema e ranker sojalouzh ur raktres evit amzer da zont ar yezh.Kudenno a zo koulskoude: kudenn arskritur (chwech doare-skriva dishevel avez kavet); kudenn politikerezh (perak nevez ket roet da Gerne-Veur un tammemrenerezh evel e Bro-Gembre hag e Bro-Skoz?) En amzer da zont, spi a zo da gaoutun ofiser evit ar yezh, paeet gant argouarnamant.

Muioch-muia e weler kerne-veureg eanvio tiez, bigi, stalio, straedo,kelaouenno, filmo; met nebeut tre erskingomz hag er skinwel. Hevlene eo betembannet an Testamant Nevez ekerneveureg, troet war-eeun eus ar gresianeg.

Meur a levrio all a zo deuet er-maez. E miz-du, e Aberfal (Falmouth), en diskouezadegfilmo, e vo gwelet un nebeut er yezh ar vro.

War-raok eo aet ar yezh er chant vloaz paseet. Spi a zo e vo krevoch choazh a-benn kant vloaz all.

SummaryThis new book presents a number of essays

by present day Cornish writers on Henry and

Katherine Jenner, who were important

figures in the revival of the Cornish language

in the 20th century. See Kernow Section for

further details.

Henry and Katharine Lee Jenner in 1881

UDB in elections in 2004according to the new law, to receive 10% ofthe votes to take part in the second ballot, andwith more than 5% it was possible to joinwith another list. So a new alliance wasestablished (the plan had been prepared inadvance) with the list leaded by the SocialistParty (with candidates also of the

Communist Party and of the Left Radicals, asmaller centre-left party), which had taken34.48% of the votes at the first ballot. In thesecond ballot, the new alliance list took58.66% of the votes and 57 seats.

The UDB won three seats. It is the firsttime that members of this Breton party wereelected onto the Regional Council. Even ifthis Council have few powers and means, itis a historic step. A group has been created inthe Regional Council by the three UDBcouncillors and by another one of theAlternative Left. One of the UDB

councillors, Christian Guyonvarch,spokesperson of the UDB, is now one of thevice-presidents of the Council, in charge ofEuropean and international affairs.

During the election campaign, the mainideas presented by the Greens-UDB list were

sustainable development, respecting theenvironment and mankind, and the respect of

biological diversity, as well as culturaldiversity and the opening of Brittany to theworld.

The UDB was again in alliance with theGreen Party in the European election

campaign. These too were list elections.France was divided into eight bigconstituencies (one of them for the Frenchoverseas territories). Brittany was joined totwo other regions in one very artificialconstituency. In this West constituencythere were 10 seats out of the 78 seats for theFrench state. There were two UDBcandidates on the list, though they had nochance of being elected. Only one of theGreens was elected. The UDB campaignedfor a Europe of diversity, for a Europe ofsolidarity and justice, for a Europe of life,

and for a Europe of democracy and peace, asare the aims of the European Free Alliance,of which the UDB is a member.

Y. Jardin

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The first Parti Breton Summer School tookplace in Gwidel, near An Oriant, on the 18th-19th September. One hundred people cameto listen and exchange ideas with a dozenguest speakers.

During the two days various speakersunderlined the necessity for Brittany to bequickly given devolved institutions with atax system in order to play a role in Europe.The Parti Breton sees its own priorities asreinforcing the party itself, working on thelocal level, and building a programme for thefuture. The partys strategy is to build aBreton way of political thinking, openingBreton minds to Europe-wide action in theeconomic, social, and cultural fields.

Joan Vallv, a former minister inCatalonia, spoke first. He said that the

stateless nation of Catalunya is as large as

First Parti Breton Summer School

Belgium and smaller than Brittany. In Spain,the Basques and Galicians do have devolved

powers in various fields like education,health, and roads. They teach the nativelanguage in schools. In Catalonia they areable to cope with Catalan and Spanish. He

said 98% understand Catalan. A long way togo for our political leaders in Brittany.

The journalist Yannick Le Bourdonnecaddressed the audience on Sunday afternoon.In his last book Que veulent donc lesbretons? (What are the Breton people askingfor?) he gave a good sum up of theeconomical, social, and political situation inBrittany. In my opinion its a good mix of laBretagne dans 20 ans (Breizh in 20 years)from the sociologist Ronan Le Coadic, and

books and figures coming out of Rennesuniversity with Jean Ollivro.

At the end of the day, the Parti Breton can

look back positively on this very interestingweekend and first Summer School. This new

party, born in 2003, might change politics inBrittany if they can keep going forward withyoung politicians involved in the economic,social and cultural fields.

Gi Keltik.

LETS KEEP BRETON ALIVE

In the five Breton administrative deparments the Breton language is a strong culturalasset, which is an integral part of our identity. However if we dont so something now all together our language risks extinction.

The state rejection prents and obstructs public recognition but in no way underminesour will to carry on the educational innovation and expansion of this culturalinitiative.

Today we appeal to you to help us in our hour of need.

HEP BREZHONEG BREIZH EBET, SANS LANGUE BRETONNE PAS DE BRETAGNE

THERES NO BRITTANY WITHOUT BRETON

10,000 contributions of 50 Euro will allow 2,800 Diwan pupils to continue

their education in Breton and the growth of the Diwan network.However little, all contributions are welcome.

Cheque to be sent to: DIWAN BP 147 29411 LANDERNE BRITTANYhttp://www.diwanbreizh.org/

Call for more BretonLanguage Teachers

AGM 2004 Motion 2: This AGM calls on the French government to employ moreBreton language teachers because thereis more and more demand.

Background

In 2002, the higher state court made itclear that French was the state language,therefore Diwans schools could not beincluded in the state school system(Education Nationale). This made most

parents and Breton people understandwhat a Jacobin republican state wasabout. Since 2002, the EN had told the

parents that they were ready to train stu-dents in Breton courses in order torespond to the growing number of chil-dren in the bilingual schools, but theyhave not kept to their promise. In so far as

they work for the state, its not easy forBreton teachers to go on strike for Bretoncourses.

In secondary schools (lyces) teachersare not allowed any more to teach Bretonif they are not enough children (at leastsix) in their classroom. Instead, the acad-emy of Brittany bought a video confer-ence display in order to teach Breton infive different schools. The socialist lead-ers of the Council of Brittany are refusingto give a single euro to this bad deal. Atthe end of the day, pupils are missing

Breton lessons, and the education estab-lishment make it clear that French aloneis the language of this Jacobin state.It looks as if the game is not over ...whosnext?

Gi Keltik.

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Joan Vallv

Yannick Le Bourdonnec

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Cymru

Datganiad y Fro Gymraeg

Rhagymadrodd:Yn gymaint bod pob bod dynol yn

gydradd a chyfwerth;Yn gymaint bod amrywiaeth fawr a

chyfoethog o fewn y ddynoliaeth o ran iaith,diwylliant a chenedligrwydd; a bod pobiaith, diwylliant a chenedl yn y byd yngydradd a chyfwerth;

Yn gymaint bod gan bob cenedl, boedfach neu fawr, yr hawl i fodoli yn ei phriodgymunedau a thiriogaethau, heb orfoddioddef gwladychu; ac nad oes gan yr ungenedl hawl i wladychu cymunedau na thircenedl arall;

Yn gymaint bod hiliaeth (sef gorthrwmar sail hil, hynny yw nodweddion corfforol,yn hytrach nag neun ogystal ag ar sailcenedl, iaith neu ddiwylliant) yn gyfangwblwrthun;

Yn gymaint bod gwladychu (sef yr hyn ageir pan fo ymfudwyr yn gwrthodintegreiddio i wlad newydd, ond yn hytrachyn gorfodi eu hiaith, eu diwylliant auhunaniaeth eu hunain ar y wlad y maent ynymfudo iddi, gan gymathur brodorion a/neugael ymadael nhw) yn ffurf ar ladrad acfelly yn drosedd, ac yn ffurf ar hiliaeth (sefhiliaeth wladychol) am fod gwladychiaeth ahiliaeth yn annatod ynghlwm wrth ei gilydd,yn hanesyddol ac o hyd heddiw;

Yn gymaint bod llawer o ieithoedd,diwylliannau a chenhedloedd cynhenid y

byd mewn perygl o gael eu dileu (cenedl-laddiad) ac eraill eisoes wediu dileu, ahynny yn bennaf oherwydd gwladychu ahiliaeth wladychol;

Yn gymaint bod y broses hon ynfygythiad i etifeddiaeth gyffredin yddynoliaeth gyfan yn ogystal chenhedloedd unigol, ac felly yn drosedd ynerbyn y ddynoliaeth;

Yn gymaint bod y Gymraeg ai rhiant, yFrythoneg, yn ieithoedd cynhenid Cymru ersoddeutu 2,500 o flynyddoedd, ond mai yn yFro Gymraeg yn unig y maer Gymraeg yn

parhaun iaith gymunedol bellach;Yn gymaint bod y Fro Gymraeg, eichymunedau, ei hiaith ai diwylliant bellachyn wynebu difodiant a chenedl-laddiadoherwydd gwladychu ac oherwydd collillawer oi phoblogaeth gynhenid, yn yr unmodd llawer o bobloedd cynhenid eraill y

byd;Yn gymaint bod datganiadaurCenhedloedd Unedig a Chyngor Ewrop yncyndabod hawl pobloedd cynhenid i beidio dioddef cenedl-laddiad, i gadw eu tiroeddtraddodiadol au hunaniaeth, ac i gael euhamddiffyn gan eu llywodraethau; a bod yrhawliau hynny yn rhan annatod or drefnryngwladol er diogelu hawliau dynol;Ynawr, gan hynny, Yr ydym yn ddwys ac ynddifrifol yn cyhoeddir datganiad a ganlyn:

Erthygl 1 - Y maer Fro Gymraeg ynbodoli fel rhanbarth ac ardaloedd neilltuol oGymru, sef y rhannau o diriogaethdraddodiadol cenedl y Cymry lle y maemwyafrif y boblogaeth gynhenid a thraeanneu fwy or boblogaeth gyfan yn medrusiarad a deall Cymraeg.

Erthygl 2 - Yr ydym yn llwyr gefnogol i bob ymdrech i adfer a phoblogeiddiorGymraeg yn rhanbarthoedd eraill Cymru (achefyd yn gefnogol i ddiwylliant Cymreig yrhanbarthoedd hynny a fynegir trwy gyfrwngy Saesneg neu ieithoedd eraill) ond yn credu

bod parhad y Fro Gymraeg yn anhepgor ermwyn sicrhau parhad a datblygiad yGymraeg yng ngweddill Cymru ac fel iaithgenedlaethol, ynghyd pharhad Cymru felcenedl.

Erthygl 3 - Y mae gan bobl y Fro Gymraeg

hawl iw chadw fel rhanbarth ac ardaloeddlle y maer Gymraeg yn briod iaith, lle y

bydd y Gymraeg yn iaith swyddogol, yn iaithnaturiol y gymuned, yn brif iaithgweinyddiaeth a masnach a phob agweddarall ar fywyd, ac yn iaith gyffredin ymhlithmewnfudwyr a rhwng mewnfudwyr a

brodorion; ac y mae ganddynt hawl i beidio dioddef gwladychu na chollir boblogaethgynhenid.

Erthygl 4 - Y mae gan bobl y Fro Gymraeg(yn cynnwys y bobl gynhenid hynny synddi-Gymraeg) hawl i gyfiawndercymdeithasol, gan gynnwys cartrefi, gwaith achynhaliaeth, ynghyd ag addysg agwasanaethau eraill trwy gyfrwng yGymraeg, a hynny mewn cymunedauCymraeg eu hiaith.

Erthygl 5 - Y mae Mewnfudo Normal(sef yr hyn a geir pan fo ymfudwyr o unrhywdarddiad, tras neu hil yn parchu iaith,diwylliant a hunaniaeth y Fro Gymraeg, yndysgu ac yn defnyddior Gymraeg ac ynintegreiddio ir gymdeithas ar y sail honno)yn gwbl dderbyniol yn y Fro Gymraeg, ac yngallu cyfoethogi ymhellach ein cymdeithas

Gymraeg aml-hiliol a chynhwysol.

Erthygl 6 - Nid oes gan neb hawl iwladychur Fro Gymraeg, ai o fwriad ainanfwriadol. Y maer fath wladychu ynweithred wladychol-hiliol ac yn drosedd, acfelly hefyd anogaeth neu gefnogaeth iwladychu. Y mae gwadu, gwrthwynebu neudanseilio bodolaeth y Fro Gymraeg aichymunedau hefyd yn weithredoeddgwladychol-hiliol.

Erthygl 7 - Y mae gan drigolion y Fro

Gymraeg hawl moesol i wrthwynebugwladychu a cholli ei phoblogaeth gynhenid,ac i wrthwynebu polisau a gweithredoeddsyn hybur pethau hyn. Y maergwrthwynebiad hwn yn gyd-gefnogol

phobloedd cynhenid eraill drwyr byd syddyn dioddef oherwydd hiliaeth wladychol.

Nid gwrthdrawiad rhwng cenhedloedd mohyn, ond yn hytrach rhwng dwy ideoleg, sefgwladychiaeth hiliol ar y naill law a gwrth-wladychiaeth/gwrth-hiliaeth ar y llaw arall.

Erthygl 8 - Yr ydym yn gwrthwynebun

llwyr bob ffurf ar hiliaeth; yn datgan bod pobbod dynol yn gydradd ac yn gyfwerth, bethbynnag foi hil ai nodweddion corfforol; acyn datgan bod y Fro Gymraeg yn rhanbarthac ardaloedd aml-hiliol a chynhwysol, arGymraeg yn briod iaith iddi.

Erthygl 9 - Yr ydym yn datgan ei bod yngyfrifoldeb ar bawb yng Nghymru i wneudyr hyn sydd o fewn ei g/allu i sicrhau parhady Fro Gymraeg ai chymunedau.

Erthygl 10 - Yr ydym yn mynnu y dylai

Llywodraeth Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru,Llywodraeth y Deyrnas Gyfunol, yr UndebEwropeaidd, a phob corff perthnasol arallgefnogir datganiad hwn, cydnabod

bodolaeth y Fro Gymraeg ai hawl i barhau,derbyn eu cyfrifoldeb moesol iw diogelu, agweithedun briodol er mwyn cyflawnircyfrifoldeb hwnnw.

Summary:The above is the text of the Declaration ofthe Rights of the Bro Gymraeg as read onthe 23rd October at a ceremony in

Machynlleth held by Cymuned. (See articleCymuned Launch a Declaration)

a gyhoeddwyd y 23ain Hydref 2004

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Campaign for a New Language Act is renewedOn the night of the 17th October members

of Cymdeithas yr Iaith covered the windowsof numerous large private companies (chainshops, banks) in Cardiff with stickers and

posters demanding Ble maer Gymraeg?(Wheres the Welsh?). The action took placein Heol Albany/Albany Road, Yr Eglwys

Newydd/Whitchurch, and Treganna/Cantondistricts and the companies targeted includedthe Royal Bank of Scotland, Somerfield,Lloyds the chemists, Iceland, Boots, andTesco, all of which make at most minimaluse of Welsh. These are all largeorganisations with chains of branches, andthey could easily afford to introduceextensive Welsh-language policies.Cymdeithas draw a distinction between these

and small local businesses in Anglicisedareas who could find difficulty in operatingsuch policies.

This action was to draw attention to thefact that the present Welsh Language Act

does not cover the private sector and thus private businesses are free to provideservices only in English if they wish, andmost do. The protest followed similar action

in Fflint, Caernarfon, and Aberystwyth in the preceding weeks, and was part ofCymdeithass campaign for a New LanguageAct. Spokesman Rhys Llwyd said Timeafter time we see companies and institutionsstill refusing to provide most of theirservices in Welsh and trampling on the rightsof Welsh-speakers. This will not changeuntil we have a New Language Act. It is overten years since the present Act was passed,and so it is a suitable time to considerrevising and strengthening the legislation.Indeed, considering the way privatisation

and technology have transformed the wayservices are provided, this is a matter ofurgency. Society vice-chairman HeddGwynfor added Through this action we

proclaim that the era of the old Language Act

has come to an end. Wales has transformedsince the passing of the old Act in 1993, anda New Language Act is back as a seriousitem on the political agenda.

Cymdeithas said that further action likethis would take place in towns throughoutWales in the run-up to Christmas.

Indeed, the following Sunday night similaraction took place in Bangor. Dozens of shopsand offices were covered with the samestickers, including Kwik Save, Halifax, JJBSports, Topshop, Burtons, Phones4U, andDebenhams. The message Ble maerGymraeg was to be seen all over the city.

As a climax to this phase of the campaign,Cymdeithas will be holding a national forumon a New Language Act in the Old College,

Aberystwyth, on Saturday March 12th 2005,where they will present their proposal for anew act. The aim will be to persuade thelanguage quango to recommend that theAssembly demand a new language law fromWestminster. Hywel Williams MP (Plaid,Caernarfon), who is in the process ofdrawing up a draft language bill to be put

before Westminster, has agreed to addressthe forum and Meirion Prys Jones, the WelshLanguage Boards Chief Executive, hasagreed to respond. In the period up to theforum Cymdeithas are calling for a nationaldebate on the possible contents of any newact. Their document Canrif Newydd Deddf

Iaith Newyddhas been sent to numerousorganisations and there is to be more internaldebate within Cymdeithas too.

R. ap Tomos

Plaid Cymru have launched a campaign toestablish Welsh as an official language of theEuropean Union following approval of thepolicy at Plaid Cymrus Annual Conference inLlandudno. The campaign will be led by thepartys Deputy Leader Jill Evans MEP.

The party wants the proposed EuropeanConstitution translated into Welsh before itwill consider supporting any referendum andis also calling for Welsh to become one of theEUs working languages. This would mean thatWelsh speakers could write to the Europeaninstitutions and expect a reply in theirlanguage and that Welsh speaking politicianscould use the language in discussions on aEuropean level.

The issue is back on the European agendafollowing Irelands request for Irish to becomean official language; the Spanish governmentis also making the same demands for Catalan,

Basque, and Galician.Plaid Cymru Deputy Leader Jill Evans MEPwill lead a campaign to put pressure on theLondon Government to negotiate thenecessary changes. Conference delegatesreceived campaign packs from the Euro MP.Jill Evans MEP said:

It is a matter of principle for us that Welshshould be treated equally with the languagesof other European countries. The EuropeanUnion is funded through public money andshould be there to serve all of the people itshould have a duty to provide services toWelsh speakers in their language of choice.

We are calling for Welsh to be given thestatus of one of the EUs official workinglanguages. This would mean that people couldwrite to the European institutions and get areply in Welsh. It would also mean that Welshspeaking politicians could use the Welsh

language in European negotiations withsimultaneous translation provided into otherlanguages.

Were now seeing similar moves for Irish,Catalan and Basque to get this status. If itsgood enough for them then why not Welsh?And lets not forget that Maltese already hasthis status even though fewer people speakthe language than speak Welsh.

Not only is giving Welsh official EU statusright in principle, it would also be good newsfor the Welsh economy and for tourism,raising our profile on the international stage.

It now needs the London Government toargue the case at the European level. Well bedoing all we can to make this happen and Ipersonally look forward to the day when I canaddress the European Parliament in thelanguage of the country I am privileged torepresent.

Plaid Cymru call for official EU status for Welsh

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CYMUNED LAUNCH A DECLARATION OF

THE RIGHTS OF THE BRO GYMRAEG

Cymuned, the movement founded toresist colonization by English-speakers inWelsh-speaking Wales, held a ceremonyon the 23rd of October at Craig Rhyddid,Machynlleth, to make their publicdeclaration of the Rights of the BroGymraeg (Welsh Gaeltacht). TheDeclaration, read at the ceremony byGwynedd councillor Seimon Glyn, isbased on the United Nations Declarationof Human Rights.

Tim Webb, a member of Cymuneds

executive who took a leading part informulating the Declaration, said TheUnited Nations have recognised the rightof minorities to exist in their ownterritories, but the Labour governmentare not taking the necessary steps toallow Welsh-speaking communities toexist in the Bro Gymraeg and it is time forus to start demanding recognition of ourexistence.

Cymuned have defined the BroGymraeg as areas where at least 50% ofthe resident population native to Wales

can speak Welsh, and at least 33% of thewhole population, according to figuresfrom the latest Census. This amounts to aswathe of western Wales running fromYnys Mn through most of Gwynedd andCeredigion to Carmarthenshire, withparts of Conwy, Clwyd, and Powys andsmaller parts of Pembrokeshire and

Glamorgan. Within this area Cymunedare defining areas requiring specialattention such as those where thepercentage is still high enough for themto be natural Welsh-speakingcommunities. Maps are also beingprepared.

Aran Jones, the Chief Executive ofCymuned, said Experts in minorizedlanguages like Joshua Fishman are agreedthat to thrive a language communityneeds a geographic area where the

language is the community language. InWales we are fortunate to have the BroGymraeg, but it has been harmed by thedenial of its existence. It is essential wenow recognise the nature of the BroGymraeg and its value to our nation.

Welsh as a community language hasdeclined drastically in recent years asthousands of non-Welsh speakers - theoverwhelming majority of whom areEnglish but it does not make anydifference where they come from - havemoved to live in the Bro Gymraeg but

have not been prepared to learn Welsh.Since they are imposing their ownculture on anothers territory they can bedescribed as colonists. The struggle tokeep the Bro Gymraeg over the next fewyears could well be the final battle to saveWelsh, or indeed any Celtic tongue, as afully living language.

Assembly fails on housing aidOn the 24th of October the slogan Cymorth Prynu - 5 miliwn (Aid to Buy - 5m) was painted by membersof Cymdeithas yr Iaith on the walls of the Assembly offices in Aberystwyth.This action was to draw attention to the fact that the (Cardiff) governments draft budget does not contain

any strategy for the next three years to help young Welsh people buy houses in their own communities.

Cymdeithas said that their campaign would continue up to the publication of the final version of the budget

in order to draw attention to the seriousness of the housing crisis facing Welsh-speaking communities.

Since the last election Cymdeithas have called on the Assembly to take two simple steps, which are within

its present powers, to alleviate the housing crisis:-

1. Increase the money allocated for the Aid to Buy scheme to at least 5 million a year, with a program of

increasing the funding to a level that will make a real difference to families who can afford to buy houses.

2. Set up a Right to Rent fund, recognising that house prices have risen so much in many Welsh-speaking

communities that it is impossible for many young Welsh people to buy a house even with help.

A Cymdeithas spokesman said The proposals for housing in the draft budget do not contain anyprovisions for a substantial increase in funding the Aid to Buy scheme and there is no mention of a Right to

Rent fund. Indeed, its worth noting that the finance for the social housing grant is lower than it was in the

days of the Welsh Office, and that despite the enormous growth in house prices over recent years. As a result,

Cymdeithas will continue to take action in order to stress the need for additional money.

R ap T

CYMUNED LEAD THEBATTLE AGAINST 6500 NEW

HOUSES IN CEREDIGIONCymuned have declared that they

will continue with the struggle againstCeredigion councils plan to build 6500new houses in the county, doing further

damage to the language, despite thedefeat of the campaign for an electedmayor and the Brits victory in thesubsequent council elections earlier inthe year. Cymuned have registered 150objections with the ongoing enquiry,more than any other body. SimonBrooks, Cymuneds spokesman inCeredigion, said that they had beengiven legal advice that the councils

plans ran contrary to the Assemblys planning guidelines. Even thoughCymuned had entered more objections

than anyone else, it was their qualityand not their number that would countand Cymuned would be working nightand day over the coming months toshow that the councils plans were

based on false information.

A federal Welsh-

medium college

in action -

a foretaste of

what could be!

For decades Cymdeithas yr Iaith and other

language bodies have been calling for a federal

Welsh-medium college in the University of

Wales, but for one week in September such a

college, on a small scale, became a reality.

Cymdeithas organised six courses in locations

through Wales including a college lecture

theatre, a village school, a chapel vestry, a social

club, and a theatre.

Ffred Ffransis, Cymdeithass education

spokesman, said This variety shows how a

Welsh-medium federal college can work to

strengthen our local communities by organising

relevant courses and offering practical

education. It is not necessary to use a straight

translation of English courses. This is our

example for the University of Wales who work

twice over against the interests of Welsh

communities by offering education almost

entirely through English and through

deracinating young Welsh people by separating

education from their communities

In each session there was an open forum to

discuss the need for a Federal Welsh-medium

college, and afterwards a Welsh-medium courserelevant to the needs of the local community. For

a week the dream of a federal Welsh college was

realised.

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The complaints by Cymdeithas yr Iaith andother language activists about a new localradio stations hostility to Welsh culturehave been endorsed by the governmentquango Ofcom. Radio Carmarthenshire wasgiven a licence to broadcast inCarmarthenshire, a county where 50% of the

population still speak Welsh despite recentimmigration, and which has the highestabsolute number of Welsh-speakers inWales. The licence stipulated a minimumnumber of hours to be broadcast in Welsh.Since they started broadcasting in June 2004they have been criticised for their lack ofWelsh language material and Welsh culturegenerally. Their nightly Welsh language

programme broadcast from 7 to 9 everyevening only plays English music withWelsh used to introduce each record. The

only other Welsh heard on the stationcomprises bilingual trailers, twenty secondsof daily news bulletin and a patronisingWelsh Word of the Day. Cymdeithas arealso unhappy that there are no live Welshlanguage programmes and therefore there isno opportunity for Welsh speakers to take

part in programmesCymdeithas have campaigned against thestation using pickets and occupation of thestudio.The response to the campaign from the radiostation has been unequivocal, with MD Keri

Jones saying:It may be that 50% of the people ofCarmarthenshire speak Welsh, but 100%

Ahead of the report on Turkish EUmembership, Plaid Cymru Euro-MP JillEvans expressed dismay at reports that theEuropean Commission was set to open thedoor for Turkey without first demandinghard evidence of progress on the countryshuman rights record, and in particular itstreatment of the Kurdish people.

She explained that whilst Plaid Cymruand the European Free Alliance take theview that eventual Turkish membership ofthe EU would be good for Turkey and forEurope, there must be strict conditionsattached, particularly in relation to humanrights and the Turkish regimes treatmentof the Kurdish minority:

This is the reason for our dismay aboutthe possibility of the Commission openingthe door for Turkish membership with thisreport. Though our Group welcomes, up to

a point, reports of a mechanism for slowingup or even halting the negotiations ifTurkey fails to make progress on humanrights, this falls well short of what wewould have hoped for. Jill Evans, DeputyLeader of Plaid Cymru, continued:

Throughout this process weve voicedour concerns that not enough progress isbeing made in improving the human rightssituation in Turkey, in particular thetreatment of the Kurdish people.

It remains the case that the linguistic,political and cultural rights of the Kurdishpeople do not get the recognition theydeserve from the Turkish regime. Indeed its

reported that around 40% of the Kurdishpopulation in Turkey cannot read or write -the legacy of an education system thatdoesnt recognise the Kurdish language.Can we really start accession negotiationsagainst this backdrop?

ANTI-WELSH RADIO CHANNEL IS WARNEDRadio Carmarthenshire on Yellow card

speak English* We do not play Welsh music and we neverwill* We will not support local bands unlessthey have an agreement with Sony or asimilar company and have reached theBritish charts.Jones even threatened to shorten the eveningWelsh program if Cymdeithas continuedcomplaining.A rally was held by Cymdeithas and locallanguage group Menter Taf Myrddin onOctober 23rd outside the studio in Narberth,Pembrokeshire, which was addressed byAdam Price, Plaid MP for Carmarthen East& Dinefwr, and the bard Mererid Hopwood.It was followed by performances from twolocal bands, Mattoidz and Garej Dolwen -the type of music Radio Carmarthenshire

ignores. Before the rally Catrin Howells ofMenter Taf Myrddin said:While an alien broadcast will be going oninside the building, the alternative stationwill be heard from outside the building. Thecountys wealth of culture and talents,ignored now by Radio Carmarthenshire, will

be heard in the language of over half thepopulation of this county.Speaking about the rally RadioCarmarthenshires MD said There isnothing for me to say that I havent said

before.

Following the rally Ofcom, the governmentregulator for the communications industries,with responsibilities across television, radio,

telecommunications and wirelesscommunications services, announced theresults of an investigation they heldfollowing Cymdeithass complaints.Ofcoms director in Wales said Ourmonitoring suggested that the amount ofWelsh broadcast by the station per day is lessthan that agreed. However, we are moreconcerned about the total absence of Welshmusic It appears to be breaking theagreement clearly. Ofcom have the power to

place statutory sanctions on licence holdersincluding fines and shortening or revokingtheir licence to broadcast. We are todaygiving the station a yellow card and askingthat they address these problems quickly andeffectively.In response to this Hedd Gwynfor ofCymdeithas yr Iaith said Radio

Carmarthenshire and their Chief ExecutiveKeri Jones have shown total contempt for theWelsh language by not even broadcastingenough to meet the requirements of theirlicense. Cymdeithas are calling for theirlicence to be revoked altogether and given tothose with a real interest in reflecting andsupporting the communities and culture ofCarmarthenshire. He said that it was not amatter of the number of hours broadcast butof dealing with arrogance and prejudicetowards the Welsh language and culture, andit is not a yellow card but only a red card that

can deal with this. Robat ap Tomos

Evidence before admission, says Welsh MEP:

Euro-MP Jill Evans

Plaid MP Adam Price, shown here,is leading a campaign for theimpeachment of Blair. Plaidmembers believe that an apology isno longer acceptable. Tony Blairmust face the full consequences ofhis actions and his failure to resignhas led to a call for impeachment.

Impeach Blair

Campaign

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Iraq Survey Group reportreinforces case for Blairsimpeachment

Plaid Cymrus parliamentary leader, ElfynLlwyd MP, has restated the case for the PrimeMinisters impeachment following news thatthe Iraq Survey Group has concluded thatSaddam Hussein had no weapons of massdestruction. He said:

The Iraq Survey Group confirm what manyof us have believed for a very long time, thatis, Saddam Hussein didnt have weapons ofmass destruction. This was the main reasonTony Blair gave to Parliament and the publicfor invading Iraq, even though the evidence hehad at the time was, as Lord Butler stated,thin. Had Tony Blair and George Bush allowedHans Blix and his team of UN weaponsinspectors to continue their work, thousandsof innocent civilians in Iraq would not havebeen killed and Iraq would not beexperiencing the bloodshed and chaos which

we witness daily on our television screens.When ordinary people in ordinary jobs arefound to have made serious mistakes, andeven worse, when they are found to havemisled or lied, they are forced to face theconsequences. Tony Blair believes he is abovethis kind of accountability. It is now up toParliament to show that he can no longer getaway with such misconduct and impeachmentis the only way to achieve this.

Howard vindicates case to impeach Blair:Plaid Cymrus parliamentary leader, Elfyn

Llwyd MP welcomed news that MichaelHoward, the leader of the EnglishConservative party who generally supports theBush/Blair war, has accused Tony Blair of lyingin order to take Britain to war in Iraq.According to Mr Llwyd, this vindicates thecase made by a number of MPs that the PrimeMinister should face impeachment

proceedings for his misconduct in relation tothe Iraq war.

Speaking from his constituency today, ElfynLlwyd MP said:

No longer can the Prime Minister hide

behind claims that he acted in good faithwhen new evidence keeps coming to lightwhich contradicts this. Michael Howard hasseen through Tony Blairs lies and the publicwill do the same at the General Election.

As more and more people have theopportunity to read our report, A Case toAnswer, more people will understand theextent to which this Prime Minister lied,misled, exaggerated and deceived bothParliament and the public.

A half hearted apology simply wont do.Tony Blair must face the full consequences of

his actions and in light of his failure to resign,impeachment is the only way that this canhappen.

Plaid MP Adam Price is leading a campaignfor the impeachment of Blair.

Labour boycott RichardCommission debate:

Ieuan Wyn Jones AC expressed hisdisappointment that only 16 of the 30 Labourmembers of the National Assembly turned upto discuss the Richard Commission proposals.The Plaid Cymru AC said:

It is typical of Labour members that theyare not prepared to listen to debate on thefuture of our nation. They wish to livesomewhere in the 1950s where there is noopposition to their policies. New LabourAssembly Members are not prepared todefend Rhodri Morgans fudge. Rhodri Morgancut a lonely figure on the cabinet benches.Plaid Cymru are ready to debate the issues sowe can deliver the quality public services thatthe people of Wales deserve.

Another Labour fudge:Leader of the Opposition Ieuan Wyn Jones

AM speaking ahead of the debate in theNational Assembly blasted Labours fudgeover the Richard Commissionrecommendations. The Plaid Cymru AC forYnys Mn said:

The Richard Commissions proposals set outa practical timetable to ensure that Walesgets a law-making Parliament by 2011. Wehad hoped, as he originally promised that theFirst Minister would lead the debate on theissue.

However, what we have is a fudge; RhodriMorgan has abandoned his support for aParliament in the face of opposition by self-serving Welsh Labour MPs in London.

So instead of Rhodri Morgan walking thelength and breadth of Wales leading thedebate on extra powers, he cobbles up somehalf baked scheme which he calls 13.2 plus.This is a classic Labour fudge. We will becalling on the Assembly to back the Richardrecommendations in full.

Llangollendisappointment but MEPurges further nomination

Plaid Cymru Deputy Leader and ForeignAffairs Spokesperson Jill Evans MEP hasexpressed her disappointment that theLlangollen International Eisteddfod hasmissed out on this years Nobel Peace Prize.Now the Euro MP is calling for the festival tobe nominated again next year, with the widestpossible backing from Welsh civil society.

But Jill Evans congratulated this years

winner, Kenyan environmentalist and humanrights campaigner Wangari Maathai who isthe first African woman to be awarded theprize.

Jill Evans MEP said:Like many people in Wales Im disappointed

that Llangollen hasnt won this prestigiousprize. The festival has done so much topromote reconciliation and mutualunderstanding between peoples. The way inwhich it brings together diverse cultures in aspirit of peace and understanding is aninspiration. The whole of Wales is

tremendously proud of the LlangollenEisteddfod and the wonderful work that itdoes. Im sure that were all grateful to TerryWaite, himself a great symbol of hope in theface of adversity, for nominating theEisteddfod for the prize.

I do hope that this wont be the end of thestory. Lets hope that this provides theimpetus for Welsh civil society to pulltogether and campaign for the LlangollenEisteddfod to be nominated again next year. Iam sure it would help to demonstrate thewidest possible base of support - and

Llangollen has certainly made friends all overthe world.Commenting on the Nobel Peace Prize

Winner, Jill Evans MEP added:Wangari Maathai is a long standing

environmental campaigner and its hearteningto see this recognition of the importance ofthe environment in terms of promoting peacein the world. Mrs Maathai is the first Africanwoman to win this award and only the twelfthwoman, she is a symbol of hope for manyAfrican women and is a fine example of thework women do to raise awareness ofenvironmental problems in developingcountries. Im sure that we could learn a greatdeal from her example - perhaps she could beinvited to speak at next years LlangollenInternational Eisteddfod.

CYMRU IN BRIEF

Elfyn Llwyd MP

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T carthanas sa Chorn ag obair go dianchun tionscadal a chur le chile dfhonntochailt a dhanamh faoi fhothrachaTheampall Chiarin Naofa (Piran saChornais) an bhliain seo chugainn. Teampallmenaoiseach at i gceist. De rir an

bhaloidis sa Chorn, thinig Ciarn Naofa asirinn i mbd cloiche (cloch mhle aceanglaodh air nuair a caitheadh le haill )agus thinig i dtr san it at ainmnithe air

shin Perranporth (Port Chiarin). Gach bliain, dantar teacht an naoimh acheiliradh ar an 5 Mrta. Dar ndigh, is Cros Chiarin bratach nisinta nagCornach.

Cuireadh ts leis an tionscadal marThionscadal Chiarin Naofa sa bhliain 2000ach t an bhuon at pirteach ann tar isstdas carthanais a bhaint amach anois mar

Iontaobhas Chiarin Naofa. Is cuspir na bune n na hiarsma seandlaocha abhaineann le Ciarn Naofa i bPerranzabuloe(An Pariste Ciarn sa Ghaineamh) i

gceantar Perranporth, an sipal pariste atgadh ina dhiaidh sin san ireamh, achaomhn agus a fhormhaisi.

T dh mhrshuomh reiliginda snadumhcha thuaidh Perranporth: AireagalChiarin Naofa luath-thrimhse namenaoiseanna agus Teampall Chiarin

Naofa a tgadh ina dhiaidh sin. Issadchomhartha sceidealta iad an dshuomh agus t cosaint dl acu.

Cill a tgadh go luath i r na Crostaochtais ea Aireagal Chiarin Naofa ar thinigcl uirthi san 19 haois mar anfoirgneamh Crostaochta ba shine saBhreatain. T ardstdas aige toisc an

bhaint at aige le Ciarn Naofa, naomhnisinta an Choirn. De dheascafadhbanna leannacha le loitimireachtagus tuilte, cuireadh faoi ghaineamh ars sa bhliain 1980 agus anois t dumhachshaintgtha os a cionn.

Tgadh Teampall Chiarin Naofatimpeall na bliana 1150, tar is don

phobal ir as Aireagal Chiarin Naofa asid, agus t seans gur ar shuomhramhstaire a tgadh .

Tochailt faoin TeampallThinig an teampall sln, Cros Cheilteach

in aice leis agus dumhcha Thr Penhaletimpeall air. Cruinnonn na mlte timpeall aran gCros agus ar an Teampall gach bliainmar chuid de cheiliradh L Chiarin Naofa.

Nor tugadh mrn aird ar an suomh finle fada. T codanna dfhalla an Teampaill lefeiceil c go bhfuil an taobh istigh fs ln desmionagar agus de ghaineamh na farraige.Teastaonn Iontaobhas Chiarin Naofationscadal pobail a eagr chun an smionagara bhaint as an Teampall agus cabhr cuid denchuma a bh air a fhil ar ais.

I dteannta radharc nos fearr ar anTeampall a chur ar fil, beidh obairchaomhnireachta ar sil ar na falla atfgtha agus ar ghnithe eile a nochtadh.Chomh maith leis sin, eagrfar taispentasitiil de na nithe a aimseofar ar an suomhtar is na tochailte, cuirfear leis na hiseannalirmhnichin sa cheantar agus danfar

plean bainistochta seandlaochta le

haghaidh an cheantair a cheapadh. BeidhSeirbhs Timpeallachta Stairila ChomhairleContae an Choirn ag tabhairt lmh chntadon Iontaobhas san obair seo go lir.

Arsa Eileen Carter, urlabhra de chuid anIontaobhais:

Cuid thbhachtach de thaipis stairiilChiarin Naofa, Perranporth agus an Choirnis ea Teampall Chiarin. Is digh linne gogcuideoidh an tochailt faoin Teampall chun a

bhfuil fgtha a thabhairt chun beatha athuair,rud a chuirfidh ar chumas daoine tuiscint afhil ar an stair iomln a bhain leis.

Ina theannta sin, tabharfaidh an tochailt andeis do mhuintir na hite pirt a ghlacadh sanobair chun a dteampall a aisghabhil as anngaineamh.

Suirbhireacht GheofisiciilCuireadh suirbhireacht gheofisiciil ar

bun, Mrta 2004, chun largas a fhil ar nahiarsma at fgtha faoin talamh timpeall arTheampall Chiarin Naofa. Chuir

Oidhreacht Shasana an maoini ar fil ariarratas Sheirbhs Timpeallachta StairilaChomhairle Contae an Choirn, agus gnlachtas Devon, Substrata Ltd., is ea a dhein antsuirbhireacht fin.

I dteannta taifeadadh a dhanamh ar anmbbhn, deineadh taifeadadh ar fhianaisethbhachtach faoi sheanBhaile an Teampaill.San ireamh ansin, bh roinnt pirceanna

beaga siar n mbbhn agus fianaise ar rianan chachta agus ar shaothr taln a bheith arsil. Thngthas, ina theannta sin, ar thr cinndaimhrialtachta maighnadacha a

dfhadfadh a bheith bainteach le hurtheachna reilige, tign n foirgneamh d leithid.Dar le Dick Cole as Comhairle Contae an

Choirn go bhfuil tortha na suirbhireachtago hiontach. Ar seisean:

Leis an suirbhireacht seo, tthar tar islion mr gnithe seandlaocha a aithinttimpeall ar Theampall Chiarin Naofa,gnithe ar lir baint a bheith acu lelonnaocht stairiil Bhaile an Teampaill,lonnaocht at anois faoin talamh. bharsceitimn is ea eolas a fhil faoi mhid aguscinel na n-iarsma seo, nithe at anois faoighaineamh a sideadh anuas orthu leis nacadta bliain.

Beidh tortha na suirbhireachta an-sideach maidir le cabhr oibreachatimpeall ar Theampall Chiarin Naofa amachanseo a bheart.

Tuilleadh faisnise: Dick Cole (ComhairleContae an Choirn) 00441872 322056 /ricole@cornwall.gov.uk

Summary

This article describes the work beingundertaken to restore St Pirans church, now

covered under sand dunes near Perranporth

in Cornwall.

Vivian Ubh Eachach.

ireTochailt Beartaithe le haghaidh

Shuomh Chiarin Naofa

One of three Celtic crosses of its type in

Cornwall, this cross stands next to the

sand covered church of St Piran.

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L cutbacksIrish language daily L has had to cut

back publication from 5 days a week tofour and let one staff member go (withanother likely to follow) after expectedgrants from the Intereg fund and Foras naGaeilge were blocked. L ran a vigorouscampaign to prevent this after Lord Lairdof the Ulster Scots Agency said UlsterScots funding should not be restricted atthe expense of funding for Irish. Heapparently clarified that this was notdirected specifically at L however theresult was the same. This action has wideranging implications for funding for allIrish organisations. Sign L petition ataddress below, 1330 signatures alreadylisted -www.PetitionsOnline.com/32130966/petition/html.

L started in 1984 and had only a fewweeks previously celebrated the launch ofa book r Nuachtn Laethil, acollection of articles published in thenewspaper, edited by its arts editor PhilipCummings.

Irish Government moves on StdasThe Irish Government finally put theformal case (through Irelands permanentrepresentative to the EU, Ms AnneAnderson), at a meeting of EUAmbassadors at the end of November, tohave Irish made an official and workinglanguage of the EU. They were told thatthe Irish Government wanted to end theanomaly whereby Irish is the only treatylanguage which is not also an officialand working language. Their proposalwould grant that status to Irish but wouldnot require translation of all legislative

proposals into Irish. There would be atransitional period of four years whereonly legislation adopted jointly by theCouncil of Ministers and the Parliament

would be translated into Irish. After fouryears a review would consider if otherdocuments, such as regulations,directives and decisions adopted by theCouncil and judgements of the EuropeanCourt, should also be translated. The

proposal was stated to have received acautiously positive response, with Spainsaid to want any change in the EUslanguage regime linked to improvementin the status of Catalan and Basque.

Housing Developments Threaten

GaeltachtaThe issues of the detrimental effect ofhousing estates on the language inGaeltacht areas which were discussed atthe Celtic League seminar in An Spidalover a year ago came to the fore again inrecent months in relation to housingdevelopments near An Spidal and also inthe Kerry Gaeltacht. In the case of AnSpidal a 17 house development in thecentre of the village was given planning

permission and Galway County Councilsigned a legal agreement with the

developer that 62% of the units must besold to those with fluent Irish. The

permission was appealed by a localcommunity group who, rightly, felt that itshould be 100%.The objectors put forward evidence thatlanguage usage in a community couldonly be sustained if at least 70% of thecommunity spoke it daily. The influenceof outsiders in changing the language

practice of the local GAA club alreadywas quoted. The appeal was held in Nov.and a decision is expected at the end of

January. Galway County Councilthemselves have plans for an affordablehousing scheme in the heart of theGaeltacht, for which as a council schemeof their own no planning is required, andthey apparently have no intention ofhaving any language condition applicable

Irish Language News

Philip Cummings

to purchasers! In Kerry no languagecondition was appended for a housingestate in the middle of the Gaeltacht in acomplete abrogation of theirresponsibilities by the County Council.The decision has been appealed bylanguage activist Donncha hEallaithefrom Conamara what were localcommunity groups doing or do they care?In Cork the Council attitude is the same.The situation obviously calls for a radicalreview and the transfer of planning

powers for Gaeltacht areas from theCounty Councils to bodies charged withresponsibility for the language. A demandmade 30 years ago by the then GaeltachtCivil Rights movement. Ironicallyhowever bodies one would have expected

to be proactive on these issues e.g. darsna Gaeltachta, have ignored them! Republicans

Reject Sackclothand Ashes

After months of negotiations between theBritish and Irish governments and (separately)Sinn Fin and the Democratic Unionist Party(DUP) of Ian Paisley it had been reported thata deal involving decommissioning and therestoration of the Local Northern Assemblywas close. Republicans were stated to havebeen prepared to decommission all remainingweapons, disband the IRA and engage on

policing. The Local Assembly was to bereconstituted with guarantees as to itscontinuance. Then the Rev. Ian Paisley statedin his heartland of Ballymena that not onlyshould the IRA decommission but they mustbe seen to wear sackcloth and ashes and theDUP demanded photographic evidence, a callwhich Sinn Fin President Gerry Adamscharacterised as a demand for publichumiliation. The two governments supportedthis (despite having been told a monthpreviously by Gerry Adams that the IRA wouldnot tolerate it) but admitted events werestalemated again and stated they wouldpublish details of what had actually been

agreed.While the DUP had, it seems, committed tosharing power with Sinn Fin the final outcomecertainly raises questions about whether thiswas genuine and that their tactics in fact wereto demand what even they knew was notacceptable. The attitude of the twogovernments in supporting his demand wastermed totally nave by one politicalcommentator. On local administrations whichthey control the DUP has adamantly refused toshare power with nationalists. UndoubtedlyPaisley would love to be the Norths FirstMinister but he certainly does not want MartinMcGuinness of Sinn Fin as Deputy First

Minister. He is now calling for the NorthernAssembly to be reconstituted with Sinn Feinexcluded (which is unlikely to happen) buteither way he and the DUP stand to gain fromthis with Unionism in the forthcomingWestminster elections.

Irish Poets VisitThe Irish poets who visited Alba in lateAutumn 2004 on the long running interCeltic exchange (started in 1970) wereDaith hgin and Dolores Stewart andthey were accompanied by Colm Dubh Malid, a brilliant box player, from theRath Carn Gaeltacht and Sen Garvey a

great sean ns singer from Kerry. Their firstport of call was Sabhal Mr Ostaig on Skyewhere a great poetry court and session washeld, with a student (from England) at theCollege, Charles Quinnell, reading his Gaelicpoetry also. Other venues were the north ofLewis, North Uist and then Glasgow.Another very successful series of events inthe exchange which has done so much tocement relations between the Gaels of Albaand ire.

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Gaelscoileanna Progress new attitude from a new Minister?

In an address given by former TaoiseachJohn Bruton , to a conference held by theReform Movement, last September, Hequestioned the need for the 1916 Rising,and suggested that Irish independence couldhave been achieved without a shot being

fired. This erroneous view is, unfortunately,shared by many, especially those of therevisionist school. What is not widelyknown is that on the eve of the Great War,John Redmond, the Irish Party leaderagreed to Partition, limiting Home Rule to a26 county Southern Ireland. This was JohnRedmonds Folly!

After the disaster of the Parnell split,Redmond had re-united the Irish Party. Inthe 1911 election, they held the balance ofpower at Westminster. Redmonds price forsupporting Herbert Asquiths Liberals to

form a government was a new Irish HomeRule Bill, which would be put before parliament in 1912. Edward CarsonsUnionists and their Tory allies wereappalled. Even allowing for the possibilityof a small number of Liberal defectors, the

Minister for Education and Science, Mary Hanafin, reviewing the Irish labguage softwarepackage An Cat Dubh with pupils from Gaelscoil Osra in Kilkenny following her launch

of it after her address to the Gaelscoileanna Education and Annual Conference.

The new Minister for Education and Science,Mary Hanifin, was a guest speaker at this yearsvery successful Education and AnnualConference of Gaelscoileanna in Kilkenny inNovember. She at least, while showing theinfluence of the Department of Educationmandarins in some parts of her speech, did,unlike her predecessor Noel Dempsey, indicate awillingness to accept a delegation from theorganisation to discuss a range of issuesaffecting the position of many Gaelscoileannaand the broad range of difficulties facing IrishMedium Education. A series of very informative

workshops were held over the weekend rangingfrom curriculum oriented ones to those directedat planning second level schools (see also p.3).Amongst matters of concern shown in thereports of the executive and in motionsdiscussed were the attitude of the Department toimmersion education in the infant years inparticular, the pressing need for development ofsecond level schools and rejection of the policyevidenced by the Dept. earlier in the year withtheir refusal to sanction two new primaryschools in Mullingar and Dublin. (See Carn 126).

JOHN REDMONDS FOLLYnumbers just wouldnt add up. Once the Bill passed its final reading, it would becomelaw. With the formation of an UlsterVolunteer Force, extra parliamentarymethods came to the fore.

On April 25th 1914 a massive arms

importation took place at Larne. Faced withan armed insurrection, should Home Rule be enforced on Ulster, Prime MinisterAsquiths nerve failed. He met with Toryleader, Bonar Law, who suggestedexcluding at least four of the six NorthEastern counties, unless a majority therevoted to accept Home Rule. John Redmondreiterated his view that Irish nationalistscould never assent to the mutilation of theIrish nation. In early February, Asquith hadgiven Redmond a number of reassurancesthat both he and his Cabinet were opposed

to even the temporary exclusion of any partof Ulster .Now, faced with an armedUnionist militia contemplating a coup dtat,Asquith came up with a new proposal; anyIrish county where a majority of its votersso decided, could opt out of Home Rule for

a six year period. After six years, unlessWestminster had made a new provision,these counties would then automaticallycome under Home Rule.

After consulting with Ulster nationalistJoe Devlin, who had most to lose, given his position as an Ulster MP, Redmond

suggested a temporary arrangement to allowAntrim, Armagh, Derry and Down toremain outside the Home Rule area for threeyears. Redmond then presented thiswatereddown opt out clause to Asquith .After more long hours of fruitlessnegotiations, Redmond finally agreed to thefour-county, six- year opt out clause, butonly as his very last concession. What JohnRedmond didnt know was that neither theTories nor Edward Carson knew anythingabout these new proposals. When the newoffer was put to Carson some days later, he

rejected it contemptuously, stating,We do not want a sentence of death with

a stay of execution for either three or six

years.

As the Home Rule Bill got its secondreading in the House of Commons, Carsontook his members out of the House andreturned to Belfast. The rumour was he wasgoing there to stage a Unionist coup. TheLiberal government watched and waited asCarsons now well- armed Ulster VolunteerForce prepared to flex its muscles. Whilethe Irish Volunteers were organising their

own small-scale arms importation at Howth,King George V invited all parties to aconference at Buckingham Palace in anattempt to find a way past the deadlock. Theconference which took place from the 21stto 24th of July was amicable enough,

John Redmond

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though it kept breaking down over the areaof North East Ulster to be excluded fromHome Rule. The even more contentiouslength of time for exclusion was never evendiscussed! As the conference broke up wordfiltered through about the arms shipment atHowth .But no sooner had that newsreached London than it was followed by thehorrific account of the Bachelors Walk

incident, when members of a detachment ofthe Kings Own Scots Borderers, fired on aDublin crowd, leaving 4 dead and 38injured. Dreams of a peaceful transition toHome Rule lay amidst the dead andwounded on Bachelors Walk.

As the Great European Powers driftedtowards war , Bonar Law throughintermediaries, indicated to Redmond, a possible Home Rule plan which a numberof prominent Tories believed Carson justmight find acceptable. Under these terms, ageographical area of the north-east of

Ireland, which approximated to Antrim,Down , Derry , Tyrone , North & Mid-Armagh and North Fermanagh would beexcluded from Home Rule. For this purpose, the Tories would introduce anamendment to the Bill, once it was presented to the Commons. On ThursdayJuly 30th, as Asquith was preparing thespeech he would give that afternoon in theCommons, he received a telephone callfrom Bonar Law, suggesting an emergencymeeting with Carson at Laws house inKensington. Laws chauffeur was already

on his way to Asquiths home. At Lawshouse, the final hand was played upon anunsuspecting Herbert Asquith. To maintainunity on the eve of the coming war inEurope, it was proposed that any HomeRule amendments be postponed until a laterdate. The Home Rule Bill would be put before parliament as it stood, but asimultaneous Suspensory Act would prevent it becoming law until the Warsend, when new amendments could then beintroduced. Asquiths cabinet accepted thisin principle, and Redmond wearily agreedto accept a future county opt-out clause,without any six-year time limit!

On September 18th 1914, the ill-fatedIrish Home Rule Act was placed on theStatute book, but suspended for the durationof the Great War, a war so many thoughtwould be over by Christmas. By Christmas1915, Home Rule began to look verydistant. The enthusiasm that greetedRedmonds apparent success hadevaporated. Soon, younger, more energeticvisionaries would replace John Redmondsoutdated Irish Party. Strangely, the onlypart of the Home Rule Act that ever cameinto force was another legislativeamendment, establishing a Home Rule parliament for Northern Ireland atStormont!

Pat Burke 2004

The 52-year-old anti-war activist, MaryKelly, has been given a two-year suspended

jail sentence for causing criminal damage toa US military plane at Shannon Airport onJanuary 29, 2003

The mother of four took an axe to a USnavy plane causing 1.1 million worth ofdamage. Kelly, who freely admits taking anaxe to the aircraft a few weeks before theUS/UK invasion of Iraqwas forced todefend herself, without lawyers, in the trial.Back in June, she fell out with her lawyersover legal strategy just as the trial was set to

begin.Nonetheless, the Irish nurse conducted her

defence meticulously, comprehensivelyestablishing to the satisfaction of everyoneexcept Judge Carroll Moran that she wasentitled in law to try to show the jury that shehas reasonable cause for her action based on

the threat to the people of Iraq and her inten-tion to prevent crimes there.

Judge Carroll Moran, who presided overKellys first, hung-jury trial last year, wasdetermined to insist that all evidence relat-ing to the war in Iraq and the US use ofShannon Airport is irrelevant.

The jury heard next-to-nothing from anarray of assembled witnesses. In his chargeto the jury, Judge Moran said he had acted to

prevent the case degenerating into a politicaldebate. He said the defence of lawful excusedid not apply as there was no connection in

space or time between the act carried out byKelly and the person or property she wasclaiming to protect. Judge Moran appeared toknow little shame. After two trials and anumber of adjournments, Kelly finally facedsentencing on the 1st December last.

Counsel for Ms Kelly, Patrick Gageby,said his clients action at Shannon Airport

brought no personal gain for her. He said itwas an act of protest against what she

believed was wrong. Ms Kelly has said she

caused the damage to save lives in Iraq andthat her conscience was clear.

Judge Carroll Moran said Ms Kelly hadcommitted more than civil disobedience. Hesaid her action constituted criminal damage.The judge said society at large would expect

him to prevent the sort of social anarchywhich inevitably follows when people takethe law into their own hands as Ms Kelly haddone.

Judge Moran suspended the sentence forfour years from today on condition that thereis no repetition of criminal damage by MsKelly, and that she does not come within aone-mile radius of Shannon Airport.

Ms Kelly emerged from the court to cheersand applause from her supporters.

Mary Kelly, anti-war activist, sentenced.

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Kernow

Yma gwiasva pur dhe les a-dro dhevagasow byghan Europek. Trigva an wiasvama yw www.eurominority.org Gwiasva

bagasow byghan Europek, kenedhlek,ranndiryel, gonisogethek ha yethoniethek,

poblow genesik, bagasow ethnek, tiredharbennik, rannvroyow a omsyns dihaval a

dus erell ha gans plegansyow federalek yw.Organisation pour les MinoritsEuropennes (OME) yw hanow ankowethas. Henna a styr Restrans rag anBagasow Byghan Europek. Hwithrans,derivadow hag avonsyans yw amkan ankowethas ma gras dhe lavur 90 kesskrifer a-

berth yn Europa.Yma baner dhen OME ynwedh. An

baner a dhiskwa unyans yntra tus Europaha liester poblow Europa. Baner an OMEyw sevys war vaneryow Konsel Europahan Unyans Europek. An sterennow ynkylgh a dhiskwa an liester, an vri hangolowder gonisogethek an bagasowbyghan.

Gwrys veu an wiasva ma yn 1999 yn

Kemper (Breten Vyghan) gans MichelBollor-Pell. Breton yw an den yowynkma. Privedh yw an kowethas ma ha nyns ywkevrennys gans an Unyans Europek. Pur

boesek yw lavur an OME han wiasva ywhembrenkys ha gwithys dhe dhydh pup-prys.Gwrys yw an lavur ma gans an gesskriforyonhag ordenys gans Michel Bollor-Pell.Gweresys yw Michel Bollor-Pell(Ordenor hag alhwedhor) gans DarkoGAVROVSKI (skrifennyas), Perdu

PERRA (kynsa islywydh) ha JohannesHOFMEISTER (nessa islywydh). Ygerysyw an OME dhe bub bolonjedh da. Heb kostyw bos esel an OME. Ty a yll dos ha bosesel an OME ow pos kesskrifer. Rag boskesskrifer res yw ri derivadow kewar haheptu heb godrosow aghel. Pub kesskrifer ayll skrifa y erthygel yn yeth y dhewis. Nynsyw treylys an wiasva ma dhe Gernewekhwath ha da via kavoes kesskriferkerneweger parys dhe dreylya an wiasva hadhe ri derivadow yn-kever Kernow hanKernewek !

Pella derivadow orth: Eurominority,Michel BOLLOR-PELL,86, kae Str an Oded, 29000 Kemper,Breizh / Bretagne (Dre Bow Frynk)Tl. +33 (0)2 98 52 96 46www.eurominority.org

Summary:www.eurominority.org is a website created

in 1999 by a young Breton calledMichelBollor-Pell. The aims of the website areresearch, investigation and promotion of the

minorities of Europe. Michel Bollor-Pellis helped in his task by Darko Gavrovski,

Perdu Perra, Johannes Hofmeisterandalso by 90 correspondents all over Europe.

Membership is free and this website is open

to every good will. Everybody can become a

correspondent. Articles written by the

correspondents have to be objective, neutral

and non-racists. Cornish correspondents are

needed as the website has still not been

translated into Cornish.

Jos CALVETE

Henry and Katherine JennerA Celebrations of Cornwalls Culture, Language

and Identity

ISBN 1 903427 19 3 Price 12.50

This collection of essays is published to mark the centenary of the

publication of Henry Jenners Handbook of the Cornish Languagein 1904, a landmark in the revival of Cornwalls ancient tongue,and to celebrate the contribution to Cornwalls culture of Jennerand his wife, Kitty Lee. Having helped Cornwall gain acceptance asa Celtic nation by the Pan-Celtic Congress, the Jenners went on tofound the Old Cornwall Societies and Henry was to becomeCornwalls first Grand Bard. Kitty Lee was a talented painter, poetand novelist, whose work until now has received little recognition.The book includes essays by Henry Jenner and poems by Jennerand Kitty Lee, with contributions by, David Everett, Alan M. Kent,Donald Rawe, Tim Saunders, Brian Coombes and Derek R.

Williams, who explore the Jenners writings, their achievementsand their Anglo-Catholic and Royalist beliefs.

This book is produced in association with Gorseth Kernow.To order a copy of the book contact:Francis Boutle Publishers, 272 Alexandra Road, London 22 7BG.Tel: 020 8889 7744Email: jenner@francisboutle.demon.co.uk

GWIASVA RAG BAGASOW BYGHAN EUROPEK.

MichelBollor-Pell

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Some of you have will be aware that I havewritten several articles in this magazineabout Celtic culture and activities in SouthAmerica over the past two years. Maybesome of you already know that I have astrong interest in Argentina and Uruguaywith most of my relatives living beyond theseas and strong connections with the Irishcommunity in Argentina. Today I would liketo recommend a fantastic website related tothe Cornish migration to Latin America:www.ex.ac.uk/cornishlatin/.

For several years Sharron Schwartz has been researching and writing aboutnineteenth and early twentieth centuryCornish migration to South and CentralAmerica and the Spanish Caribbean. Herinterest was stimulated after she haddiscovered that she had several Cornish

ancestors who migrated there as MineAgents in the late nineteenth century.

The theme of Cornish migration overseashas largely concentrated on migration to theenglish-speaking world. Except for A. C.Todds book on Cornish miners in Mexico,there is no definitive work that might explainthe migration of many thousands of Cornish,who like her ancestors, went to LatinAmerica. Intrigued and challenged, she setabout addressing this lack of research thatculminated in the award of PhD in thesummer of 2003 at the Institute of Cornish

Studies, University of Exeter. Of course, theinterest and significance of Cornishmigration to Latin America lay not innumbers: far fewer people migrated therethan to the USA, South Australia, Englandand Wales or South Africa, but in the factthat the mines of Latin America were amongthe first to attract significant Cornish labouroutside the British Isles and continued torecruit Cornish labour right into the 1930s.Cornish migration to Latin America began inthe 1820s after the collapse of Spanish andPortuguese powers in Latin America. The

1820s marked also the beginnings ofsignificant British capital investment inLatin American mining and led to themigration of thousands of Cornishmen andtheir families. Many of the defining featuresof overseas Cornish migration during whathas been dubbed the Great Migration(c1815-1920) have their roots in LatinAmerica. These include the system of home

pay (remittances) that were to become soimportant to the Cornish economy in the latenineteenth century, the rise of transnationalcommunities, and more importantly theemergence of the reputation of Cornish

miners, also known as Cousin Jacks , as theworlds finest hard rock miners. The Cornishwho migrated to Latin America were mainlyengaged in metalliferous mining. Thisoccupational specificity resulted in clustersof Cornish immigrants close to mines in

THE CORNISH IN LATIN AMERICAmany areas across Latin America. Yet littleresearch has focused on this important part ofCornish history. Sharron has amassed a greatdeal of information during the course of herstudies and decided to make this accessibleto those people, who like her, have an interestin this subject. In order to disseminate thisinformation she has created a wonderfulwebsite at the following address:www.ex.ac.uk/cornishlatin/

She hopes that this website will begin toaddress this lack of scholarship and that thissite will also further the considerable work

being undertaken on migration to LatinAmerica from other parts of the British Isles.Her website contains an historical overviewthat seeks to answer several fundamentalquestions such as: who were the migrants,why and when did they leave Cornwall,

where did they migrate from and where didthey settle? Additionally, a balancedevaluation of the Cornish presence in LatinAmerica is presented and the transnationalaspect of life arising from migration whichshaped the way people lived in communitieson both sides of the Atlantic is not ignored.As she tells us: the data that I have

presented here is merely the tip of the

iceberg. But maybe you can help to augment

this? Do you have information about your

Cornish ancestors migration there that you

would be willing to submit, or any letters,

diaries, photographs of people, places minesor headstones that you would be willing to

share? I am currently engaged in

negotiations with a university press to

publish my thesis into a book, so any

additional information and data would be

most useful..Sharron wants and hopes that this website

will stimulate further interest in the historictransnational Cornish connections with many

parts of Latin America. I hope that in thefuture we will see Cornish-Brazilian,Chilean, and Mexican associations similar to

those in other parts of the Cornish world andmaybe even Cornish towns twinned withtheir counterparts in South and CentralAmerica and the Caribbean. It is time that theCornish in Latin America are recognised as avital part of the Cornish diaspora.

Enquiries and general comments aboutthis website can be directed to:S.Schwartz@ex.ac.uk

Sharron P. Schwartz completed her BA(Hons) degree in European History at theSchool of Slavonic and East European

Studies, University of London. Sharron hasworked for several years as a history tutor forthe Department of Lifelong Learning,University of Exeter, and launched theCornish Global Migration Programme underthe aegis of the Institute of Cornish Studies at

Murdoch House in 1999 and was thedocumentary researcher for the CornishMining World Heritage Site Bid, HistoricEnvironment Section, Cornwall CountyCouncil. She has recently completed adoctorate in Cornish Studies at theUniversity of Exeter entitled CornishMigration to Latin America: A Global andTransnational Perspective. She is currentlyresearch assistant to the CornishCommunities Programme at the Institute ofCornish Studies.Sharron is the author of prize-winning

Lanner: A Cornish Mining Parish (1998),and has published numerous articles onCornish migration, mining and gender.

Headstone carved In Love

Memory to Cornish-Mexican

Salvador Skewes Mendoza at the

Panten de los Inglses Real del

Monte. He was born in 1910 anddied in 1984. This rustically hewn

stone is touchingly inscribed with

the things that were dear to the

heart of the deceased, including

typically Cornish things like music

and mining. A good example of

how the Cornish mixed with the

native population!

16 Carn

I would like to thank Sharron for

allowing me to use some materialfrom her excellent website for this

article. Meur ras dhis Sharron

Jos CALVETE

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Mannin

Lurg y Nah Chaggey Mooar, shimmeypeiagh va smooinaghtyn dy row eash noavaynrey cheet rish. Va ny Natseeyn curritmow, va ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneyssit curriter bun, as feiy ny cruinney va sleih streeuson seyrsnys as cairys. Ayns cheeraghynOarpagh dy liooar, veh coontit dy ve yn redkiart dy chroo shirveishyn-slaynt asshirveishyn-ynsee son dy chooilley pheiagh,boght ny berchagh. Ec y traa cheddin, va ny

shenn impiraghtyn Oarpagh goll sheese yliargagh dy tappee. Ny veggan as nyveggan, va ny meeryn slaait jiarg ecSostnee niartal er caslys-cheerey yn teihllgeddyn sorch dy heyrsnys. Van red cheddintaghyrt bentyn rish ny h-impiraghtynFrangagh as Belgagh as impiraghtyn elley.Ga dy daink y Caggey Feayr rish as va sleihgoaill aggle roish caggey cheshveanagh,hannee meeryn mooarey dy yerkallys.

Tra huitt yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh veih mycheilley, va tooilley jerkallys ayn. Dyfirrinagh, she yn Impiraght Rooshagh huitt

veih my cheilley. Lhig ny Soveidjee er dyrow ooilley yn pobble syn Unnaneys occorrym, agh, ginsh yn irriney, va laue yneaghtyr ec ny Rooshee.

Agh cha row yn jerkallys shen cooilleenit.Vrish caggaghyn magh ayns cheeraghyn dyliooar, yn Yugoslaavey ny mastoc. Fonennym foalsey jeh jeianaghey(modernising), ta pooaraghyn lajer ervooadaghey yn vaarney eddyr sleih boghtas lught yn argid. Tan dellal seyr stroieny beaghyn jeh sleih feiy ny cruinney.

Gyn ourys, shione dhyt ooilley yn stooshoh hannah. Agh, myr Celtiee, erskynooilley, shegin dooin cur geill danimpiroilaghys noa. Neayrs lhing nyRomanee ny shlee na daa veeilley blein erdy henney, ta ny Celtiee er hurransekyndagh rish yn impiroilaghys. Shoh ynpolasee ta dellal rish sleih as cheeraghyn tacurrit fo chosh myr greieyn-obbyr ta curriter y teihll cour cosney argid son nymainshtyryn oc. Foastagh, ta ny h-aghtyn-smooinaghtyn ec ymmodee Celtieesoilshaghey dy vel yn impiroilaghys jannoo

orroo ec y traa tayn. Va kuse jin bolvaneagh dy liooar dy

chredjal ny skeealyn dy row ynimpiroilaghys goll ersooyl son dy bragh lurgy Nah Chaggey Mooar. Cha row shen kiart- teh cheet erash dy lajer nishtagh, goll er

Carn 17

Yn Impiroilaghys Reeshtaghleeideil ec deiney goll rish George W. Bushas Putin sy Roosh.

Neayrs hoie ny h-Arabee shen er Americalesh etlanyn, ta leshtal cooie er ve ec Bushas Putin as fir-toshee elley dy lhiggey er dyvel sheshaght agglagh dy h-ymaggleyderyngobbraghey ry cheilley feiy ny cruinney, dy jeean as dy fondagh. As ny jean jarrood ydooinney treih shen, Tony Blair. Agh hooaryn FBI as yn CIA nagh vel lheid y cheshaght

agglagh shen ayn. Son shickyrys, tapossanyn dy gheiney debejagh ayn aynsymmodee cheeraghyn ta arryltagh dy varroosleih elley as jannoo reddyn scammyltaghelley. Agh teh er ve myr shen rish rambleeantyn.

Ta reiltyssyn ennagh goaill ymmyd jehskeealyn ard-yindyssagh mychione AlQaida (Yn Undinys) dy cheau ersooyl cairynsleih. Cooinee er yn chennaghys. Shimmeyleigh hranlaasagh va bree currit jee ec fir-toshee Hostyn harrish ny bleeantynkyndagh rish yn eab dy chur Nerin fo chosh.

Ta ny leighyn shoh er chur stiagh er sleihcadjin ayns Sostyn, Bretyn, Nalbin, Manninas y Chorn chammah as orroosyn ayns Nerinhene. As nish, kyndagh rish Y Chaggeynoin Atchim tad croo leighyn smesseyfoast ayns America, Sostyn as cheeraghynelley. As ta Putin er naavioghey ynimpiroilaghys Rooshagh liorish y chaggeyscammyltagh ayns Chechnya.

Agh tan sampleyr share jehnimpiroilaghys noa ry gheddyn syn Earacknish. Rish ymmodee bleeantyn, ta Rumsfeld

as e chaarjyn er naarlaghey dy hoie er ycheer shen. Nish teh jeant oc - as crenbrock fuilltagh tayn. Jarrood y bl