8/2/2019 Carren Medieval

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/carren-medieval 1/8

Medieval architectureFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article does not cite any references or sources.Please help improve this article  by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be

challenged and removed. (July 2010)

Bodiam Castle, England, fourteenth century.Medieval architecture is a term used to represent various forms of architecture common inMedieval Europe.

Contents[show]

[edit] Characteristics

Cloisters of Mont Saint-Michel, Normandy, France.

[edit] Religious architecture

The Latin cross plan, common in medieval ecclesiastical architecture, takes the Roman  basilica as its primary model with subsequent developments. It consists of a nave, transepts, and the altar  

stands at the east end (see Cathedral diagram). Also, cathedrals influenced or commissioned byJustinian employed the Byzantine style of domes and a Greek cross (resembling a plus sign),with the altar located in the sanctuary on the east side of the church.

Further information: Cistercian architecture

[edit] Military architecture

Main articles: castle and tower house

8/2/2019 Carren Medieval

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/carren-medieval 2/8

Surviving examples of medieval secular architecture mainly served for defense. Castles andfortified walls provide the most notable remaining non-religious examples of medievalarchitecture. Windows gained a cross-shape for more than decorative purposes: they provided a perfect fit for a crossbowman to safely shoot at invaders from inside. Crenellated walls( battlements) provided shelters for archers on the roofs to hide behind when not shootinginvaders.

• Embrasure

• Merlon

[edit] Civil architecture

• Half-timbered construction

• Jettying, in which the faces of upper floors project beyond lower ones

Donington le Heath Manor House Museum, Leicestershire is a surviving example of a MedievalManor House dating back to 1280. It is now open to the public as a museum.

[edit] In Western Europe

[edit] Pre-Romanesque

Early medieval secular architecture in pre-romanesque Spain: the palace of Santa María del Naranco, c.850.Main article: Pre-Romanesque art and architectureSee also: First Romanesque

Western European architecture in the Early Middle Ages may be divided into Early Christian andPre-Romanesque, including Merovingian, Carolingian, Ottonian, and Asturian. While theseterms are problematic, they nonetheless serve adequately as entries into the era. Considerationsthat enter into histories of each period include Trachtenberg's "historicising" and "modernising"elements, Italian versus northern, Spanish, and Byzantine elements, and especially the religiousand political maneuverings between kings, popes, and various ecclesiastic officials.

[edit] Romanesque

Main article: Romanesque architecture

8/2/2019 Carren Medieval

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/carren-medieval 3/8

Romanesque, prevalent in medieval Europe during the 11th and 12th centuries, was the first pan-European style since Roman Imperial Architecture and examples are found in every part of thecontinent. The term was not contemporary with the art it describes, but rather, is an invention of modern scholarship based on its similarity to Roman Architecture in forms and materials.Romanesque is characterized by a use of round or slightly pointed arches, barrel vaults, andcruciform piers supporting vaults.

[edit] Gothic

Main article: Gothic architecture

The various elements of Gothic architecture emerged in a number of 11th and 12th century building projects, particularly in the Île de France area, but were first combined to form what wewould now recognise as a distinctively Gothic style at the 12th century abbey church of Saint-Denis in Saint-Denis, near Paris. Verticality is emphasized in Gothic architecture, which featuresalmost skeletal stone structures with great expanses of glass, pared-down wall surfaces supported by external flying buttresses, pointed arches using the ogive shape, ribbed stone vaults, clusteredcolumns, pinnacles and sharply pointed spires. Windows contain beautiful stained glass, showingstories from the Bible and from lives of  saints. Such advances in design allowed cathedrals to

rise taller than ever, and it became something of an inter-regional contest to build a church as

8/2/2019 Carren Medieval

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/carren-medieval 4/8

high as possible. Variati ons includedBrick Gothic

TranseptFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 This article does not cite any references or sources.

Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced

material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009)

8/2/2019 Carren Medieval

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/carren-medieval 5/8

8/2/2019 Carren Medieval

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/carren-medieval 6/8

main nave axis and to the transept. Upon its four  piers, the crossing may support a spire, a centraltower (see Gloucester Cathedral) or a crossing dome. Since the altar is usually located at the eastend of a church, a transept extends to the north and south. The north and south end walls oftenhold decorated windows of stained glass, such as rose windows, in stone tracery.

Occasionally, the basilicas and the church and cathedral planning that descended from them were

 built without transepts; sometimes the transepts were reduced to matched chapels. More often,the transepts extended well beyond the sides of the rest of the building, forming the shape of across. This design is called a "Latin cross" ground plan, and these extensions are known as thearms of the transept.[1] A "Greek cross" ground plan, with all four extensions the same length, produces a central-plan structure.

When churches have only one transept, as at Pershore Abbey, there is generally a historicaldisaster, fire, war or funding problem, to explain the anomaly. At Beauvais only the chevet andtransepts stand; the nave of the cathedral was never completed after a collapse of the daring highvaulting in 1284. At St. Vitus Cathedral, Prague, only the choir and part of a southern transeptwere completed until a renewed building campaign in the 19th century.

[edit] Other senses of the wordThe word "transept" is occasionally extended to mean any subsidiary corridor crossing a larger main corridor, such as the cross-halls or "transepts" of The Crystal Palace, London, of glass andiron that was built for the Great Exhibition of 1851.

In a metro station or similar construction, a transept is a space over the platforms and tracks of astation with side platforms, containing the bridge between the platforms. Placing the bridge in atransept rather than an enclosed tunnel allows passengers to see the platforms, creating a lesscramped feeling and making orientation easier.

Nave

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Nave (disambiguation).

 This article needs additional citations for verification.

Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material

may be challenged and removed. (January 2010)

Schematical illustration of a plan view of a cathedral, with the colored area showing

the nave

8/2/2019 Carren Medieval

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/carren-medieval 7/8

Not to be confused with Knave (disambiguation).

Romanesque nave of the abbey church of Saint-Georges-de- Boscherville,

Normandy, France has a triforium passage above the aisle vaulting

Late Gothic Fan vaulting (1608, restored 1860s) over the nave at Bath Abbey, Bath,

England Suppression of the triforium offers a great expanse of clerestory windows.

In Romanesque and Gothic Christian abbey, cathedral  basilica and church architecture, the naveis the central approach to the high altar , the main body of the church. "Nave" (Medieval Latin navis, "ship") was probably suggested by the keel shape of its vaulting.[1] The nave of a church,whether Romanesque, Gothic or Classical, extends from the entry — which may have a separatevestibule, the narthex — to the chancel and is flanked by lower aisles[2]  separated from the nave

8/2/2019 Carren Medieval

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/carren-medieval 8/8

 by an arcade. If the aisles are high and of a width comparable to the central nave, the structure issometimes said to have three naves.

[edit] Record-holders• Longest nave in Denmark: Aarhus Cathedral, 93 metres (305 ft).

• Longest nave in England: St Albans Cathedral, St Albans (Anglican),84 metres (276 ft).

• Longest nave in Ireland: St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. 91 metres (299 ft)(externally)

• Longest nave in France: Bourges Cathedral, 91 metres (299 ft), includingchoir where a crossing would be if there were transepts.

• Longest nave in Germany: Cologne cathedral, 58 metres (190 ft), includingtwo bays between the towers.

• Longest nave in Italy: St Peter's Basilica in Rome, 91 metres (299 ft), in fourbays.

• Longest nave in Spain: Seville, 60 metres (200 ft), in five bays.

• Longest nave in the United States: Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, New York City, United States (Episcopal), 70 metres (230 ft).

• Highest vaulted nave: Beauvais Cathedral, France, 48 metres (157 ft) highbut only one bay of the nave was actually built but choir and transepts werecompleted to the same height.

• Highest completed nave: Rome, St. Peter's, Italy, 46 metres (151 ft) high.

• Highest completed vaulted nave: Cathedral of Milan, Italy, 45 metres (148 ft)high.

[edit] See also• Abbey, with architectural discussion and groundplans

• Cathedral architecture

• Cathedral diagram

• List of highest church naves