Caudillismo Sociedad y Estado

La consolidacin de la institucin presidencial durante el perodo revolucionario

Dr. Ruperto PATIO MANFFER

SUMARIO,QWURGXFFLyQ'HQLFLyQGHOVLVWHPDSUHVLGHQFLDO5HYLVLyQOHJDOGHO3UHVLGHQFLDOLVPR&DXGLOOLVPR\3UHVLGHQFLDOLVPR/DUXSWXUD&DOOHV&iUGHQDV&RQVROLGDFLyQGHOSUHVLGHQFLDOLVPR)DFXOWDGHVPHWDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHV&RQFOXVLRQHV%LEOLRJUDItD

5XSHUWR3DWLxR0DQIIHU'LUHFWRUGH OD)DFXOWDGGH'HUHFKR0DHVWUR\GRFWRUHQ'HUHFKRSRU OD81$0 WLHQHXQSRVJUDGRHQ/HJLVODFLyQGHO&RPHUFLR,QWHUQDFLRQDO*LQHEUD6XL]D\GLSORPDGRHQ3ROtWLFD&RPHUFLDO)XH-HIHGH OD'LYLVLyQGH(VWXGLRVGH3RVJUDGRGH OD)DFXOWDGGH'HUHFKRGH OD81$0\&RRUGLQDGRUGHO3URJUDPD8QLYHUVLWDULRGH3RVJUDGRHQ'HUHFKR)XHSUHVLGHQWHGHO7ULEXQDO$GPLQLVWUDWLYRGHOD$VRFLDFLyQ/DWLQRDPHULFDQDGH,QWHJUDFLyQ$/$',FRQVHGHHQ0RQWHYLGHR8UXJXD\\SDQHOLVWDGHO7UDWDGRGH/LEUH&RPHUFLRGH$PpULFDGHO1RUWHFDStWXOR;,;+DVLGRSURIHVRULQYLWDGRHQGLYHUVDVXQLYHUVLGDGHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVFRPROD8QLYHUVLGDGGH0iODJDGH6DQ$QWRQLR&RQQHFWLFXW7ROHGR2+\OD8QLYHUVLGDG%ROLYDULDQD/D3D]%ROLYLD(VFRDXWRUGHODVREUDVLa defensa jurdica contra prcticas desleales de comercio internacional 3RUU~D\Derecho civil a 200 aos del Cdigo de Napolen 3RUU~DDVLPLVPRHVDXWRUGHDUWtFXORVHQUHYLVWDVHVSHFLDOL]DGDV

Comisin Organizadora de Festejos del Bicentenario de la Independencia y Centenario de la Revolucin Mexicana

La consolidacin de la institucin presidencial durante el perodo revolucionario

Ruperto PATIO MANFFER1

Introduccin

DXUDQWH HO VLJOR ;; HQ 0p[LFR HO 3UHVLGHQFLDOLVPR FRQVWLWX\y XQD GH ODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVGHOVLVWHPDSROtWLFR(QHOSHUtRGRLQPHGLDWRDOD5HYROXFLyQ0H[LFDQD\ODSURPXOJDFLyQGHOD&RQVWLWXFLyQGHHOHMHFXWLYRVHIRUWDOHFLySDXODWLQDPHQWHDWUDYpVGHGLYHUVDVUHIRUPDVOHJDOHVDVtFRPRGHIDFXOWDGHVTXHHMHUFtDGHIDFWRORTXHVHGHELyHQJUDQSDUWHDOGLVHxRGHXQDHVWUXFWXUDYHUWLFDOHQHOTXHODJXUDSUHVLGHQFLDOVHFRQYLUWLyHQHOYpUWLFHDOVXERUGLQDU\HMHUFHUVXcontrol respecto de los diversos actores polticos de la vida nacional.

&DUDFWHUL]yDOPRGHORSUHVLGHQFLDOPH[LFDQR ODFRQFHQWUDFLyQGHSRGHUHQ ODJXUDGHOSUHVLGHQWHODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQSDUWLGRKHJHPyQLFRTXHFRQWURODEDHODFFHVRDODJUDQPD\RUtDGHFDUJRVS~EOLFRV\ODVXERUGLQDFLyQGHORVSRGHUHVFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHVDODDXWRULGDGGHOSUHVLGHQWHGHOD5HS~EOLFDFX\DJXUDHUDYLVWDFRPRJDUDQWtDGHJREHUQDELOLGDG$HVWROXHJRGHODFRQVROLGDFLyQGHOSDUWLGRKHJHPyQLFRVHVXPDEDODDXVHQFLDGHSDUWLGRVGH RSRVLFLyQ QR VyOR GH L]TXLHUGD VLQR WDPELpQ GH GHUHFKD FRQ HO VXFLHQWH SHVR HLPSRUWDQFLD GHQWUR GHO VLVWHPD SROtWLFR SDUD FRPSHWLU FRQ HO 3DUWLGR 5HYROXFLRQDULR,QVWLWXFLRQDO35,DVtFRPRODVXERUGLQDFLyQDHVHSDUWLGRGHODVRUJDQL]DFLRQHVVRFLDOHVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVVLQGLFDWRVREUHURVFDPSHVLQRVFRPHUFLDQWHVHPSOHDGRVS~EOLFRVHWF\ODHVWUXFWXUDYHUWLFDOGHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ\FRQWUROLQWHUQRVTXHSULYLOHJLDEDQODOHDOWDGODGLVFLSOLQDHORUGHQHOWXUQR\HOUHVSHWRDEVROXWRDOVXSHULRUHQHVSHFLDODO3UHVLGHQWHGHOD5HS~EOLFD

1 'LUHFWRUGHOD)DFXOWDGGH'HUHFKRGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO$XWyQRPDGH0p[LFR(OL]RQGR0D\HU6HUUD&DUORV\1DFLI+HUQiQGH]%HQLWR/DOyJLFDGHOFDPELRSROtWLFRHQ0p[LFRHQ(OL]RQGR0D\HU6HUUD&DUORV\1DFLI+HUQiQGH]%HQLWR &RPSLODGRUHVLecturas sobre el cambio poltico en Mxico)RQGRGH&XOWXUD(FRQyPLFD\&HQWURGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\'RFHQFLD(FRQyPLFDV0p[LFRS

La Revolucin Mexicana a 100 aos de su inicio.Pensamiento social y jurdico

(QHVWHHQVD\RPHRFXSDUpGHOSURFHVRTXHSHUPLWHFRPSUHQGHUFyPRVHFRQVROLGyHOVLVWHPDSUHVLGHQFLDOPH[LFDQRGXUDQWHHOSHUtRGRSRVWUHYROXFLRQDULROOHJDQGRDFRQYHUWLUVHHQODLQVWLWXFLyQSROtWLFDPiVLPSRUWDQWHGHOVLJOR;;3UHYLRDHOORFRQVLGHUpRSRUWXQRGHQLU HO VLVWHPDSUHVLGHQFLDO \ GLIHUHQFLDUORGHO VLVWHPDSDUODPHQWDULR VHxDODQGR ODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHFDGDXQR3RVWHULRUPHQWHKDFHUXQDPX\EUHYHUHYLVLyQKLVWyULFROHJDODFHUFDGHFyPRQXHVWUDVGLVWLQWDV&RQVWLWXFLRQHVDGRSWDURQHVWDJXUD\FyPRIXHTXHOD&RQVWLWXFLyQGHOIRUWDOHFLyDOHMHFXWLYRRWRUJiQGROHIDFXOWDGHVSRUHQFLPDGHORVRWURVSRGHUHVSHURVREUHWRGRHQHOiPELWRGHORVGHUHFKRVVRFLDOHV

8QDYH]DFODUDGRVHVWRVSXQWRVDERUGDUpSURSLDPHQWHHOSURFHVRKLVWyULFRHQHOTXHVHFRQVROLGyHOSUHVLGHQFLDOLVPRGXUDQWHHOJRELHUQRFDUGHQLVWDDSDUWLUGHVXGLVSXWDFRQ&DOOHVTXLHQKDVWDHQWRQFHVHUDFRQVLGHUDGRODJXUDSROtWLFDPiVLPSRUWDQWHGHOSDtVSRURSRQHUVHDOSUR\HFWRVRFLDOGHOSUHVLGHQWH&iUGHQDV$GHPiVVHxDODUpODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXH GXUDQWH HVWH SHUtRGR DGTXLULy HO SUHVLGHQFLDOLVPR \ TXH HVWXYLHURQ YLJHQWHV KDVWDQDOHVGHOVLJORSDVDGRFXDQGRHO35,GHMyGHRFXSDUOD3UHVLGHQFLDGHODUHS~EOLFD(QWUHHOODVODVOODPDGDVSRU-RUJH&DUSL]RIDFXOWDGHVPHWDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHV

*XDGDOXSH9LFWRULD3ULPHUSUHVLGHQWHGH0p[LFR


,'HQLFLyQGHOVLVWHPDSUHVLGHQFLDO

3DUDGHQLUHOVLVWHPDSUHVLGHQFLDOHVQHFHVDULRKDFHUXQSDUDQJyQFRQVXFRQWUDSDUWHTXHHVHOVLVWHPDSDUODPHQWDULRSXHVWRTXHVXVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVVRQSUiFWLFDPHQWHRSXHVWDVDXQTXHH[LVWHXQDWHUFHUDSRVLELOLGDGTXHFRPELQDDPERVOODPDGDVHPLSUHVLGHQFLDOLVWDFX\RSULQFLSDOUHSUHVHQWDQWHHVHOVLVWHPDIUDQFpV6LQHPEDUJRPHOLPLWDUpDVHxDODUODVGLIHUHQFLDVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVHQWUHORVSULPHURVGRV

(QHOVLVWHPDSUHVLGHQFLDOHOWLWXODUGHO3RGHU(MHFXWLYRHVWiDFDUJRGHXQ3UHVLGHQWHTXLHQHVDOPLVPRWLHPSRMHIHGH(VWDGR\GHJRELHUQRPLHQWUDVHQHOSDUODPHQWDULVPRHVWiDFDUJRGHO3ULPHU0LQLVWUR\HQXQ-HIHGH(VWDGRSRUORTXHHVWHSRGHUVHFRPSDUWH

(O3UHVLGHQWH VH HOLJH SRUPHGLR GH XQD HOHFFLyQ GLUHFWD R LQGLUHFWD(Q FXDQWR HO6$5725,*LRYDQQLIngeniera constitucional comparada. Una investigacin de estructuras, incentivos y resultados. 7UDGXFFLyQGH5REHUWR5H\HV0D]]RQLDHGLFLyQ0p[LFR)RQGRGH&XOWXUD(FRQyPLFD6HFFLyQGH2EUDVGH3ROtWLFD\'HUHFKRS(QODPD\RUtDGHORVSDtVHVODWLQRDPHULFDQRVODHOHFFLyQGH3UHVLGHQWHHVPHGLDQWHVXIUDJLRGLUHFWRFRPRHQQXHVWURFDVR1RREVWDQWHWDPELpQH[LVWHODIRUPDLQGLUHFWDFRPRRFXUUHHQORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVQDFLyQ

9LFHQWH*XHUUHUR6HJXQGRSUHVLGHQWHGH0p[LFR


3ULPHU0LQLVWURORQRPEUDHO3DUODPHQWRSRUPD\RUtDGHYRWRV

(OJRELHUQRRJDELQHWHDFDUJRGHO3UHVLGHQWHHVQRPEUDGR\ UHPRYLGRSRUpO VLQTXH HQ HVD GHFLVLyQ QLQJ~Q RWUR SRGHU X SHUVRQD LQWHUYHQJD (Q FDPELR HO JRELHUQRSDUODPHQWDULRHVQRPEUDGRSRUpVWH

(QVtQWHVLVVHSXHGHGHFLUTXHXQJRELHUQRHVSUHVLGHQFLDOFXDQGRUH~QHODVVLJXLHQWHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV(O3UHVLGHQWHHVHOHFWRSRSXODUPHQWH1RSXHGHVHUUHPRYLGRGHOFDUJRSRUHO3RGHU/HJLVODWLYR(O3UHVLGHQWHQRPEUD\GHVWLWX\HDORVPLHPEURVGHOJDELQHWH

$ VX YH] XQ VLVWHPD HV SDUODPHQWDULR FXDQGR HO SRGHU (MHFXWLYR \ /HJLVODWLYR VHFRPSDUWHGHWDOVXHUWHTXHWRGRVORVJRELHUQRVVRQGHVLJQDGRVDSR\DGRVRGHVWLWXLGRVSRUHOYRWRGHO3DUODPHQWR66LQHPEDUJRHVSUHFLVRVHxDODUTXHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVSUHVHQWDGDVFRPRGHQLWRULDVGHDPERVVLVWHPDVSUHVLGHQFLDO\SDUODPHQWDULRQRVRQOLPLWDWLYDV VLQRTXHVXSURSyVLWRHVD\XGDUDGHQLU\GLVWLQJXLUHQWUHVtDDPERV

&DEH VHxDODU TXH HV HQ (XURSD GRQGH SUHGRPLQD HO SDUODPHQWDULVPR PLHQWUDV HQ$PpULFDGRPLQDHOSUHVLGHQFLDOLVPRVHJ~Q*LRYDQQL6DUWRULHOPRWLYRHVTXH

&XDQGRORVHVWDGRVHXURSHRVHPSH]DURQDSUDFWLFDUHOJRELHUQRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOWRGRVH[FHSWR)UDQFLDTXHVHFRQYLUWLyHQUHS~EOLFDHQHUDQPRQDUTXtDV\\DWHQtDQXQMHIHGH(VWDGRKHUHGLWDULR3HURHQHOQXHYRPXQGRFDVLWRGRVORVQXHYRVSDtVHVFRQTXLVWDURQVXLQGHSHQGHQFLDFRPRUHS~EOLFDV>@SRUWDQWRGHELHURQHOHJLUDVXVMHIHVGH(VWDGRHVGHFLUDVXVSUHVLGHQWHV

$XQTXH SXHGH KDEHU RWUDV UD]RQHV GH ODV TXH SRU HOPRPHQWR QRPH RFXSR SXHVSDUD HIHFWRV GHO SUHVHQWH WUDEDMR PH OLPLWDUp D DERUGDU FyPR HV TXH VH HVWDEOHFLy \SULQFLSDOPHQWHVHFRQVROLGyHOVLVWHPDSUHVLGHQFLDOHQQXHVWURSDtV

,,5HYLVLyQOHJDOGHO3UHVLGHQFLDOLVPR

7RGDV ODV FRQVWLWXFLRQHV PH[LFDQDV GHVGH HO VLJOR ;,; KDQ DGRSWDGR HO VLVWHPDSUHVLGHQFLDO\DXQTXHOD&RQVWLWXFLyQGHIRUWDOHFLyDO/HJLVODWLYRIUHQWHDO(MHFXWLYRTXHIXHXQPRGHORDVHJXLUSDUDODVQDFLRQHVODWLQRDPHULFDQDVTXHVHLQGHSHQGL]DURQHQHOVLJOR;,;Ibdem. S6 Ibdem. P. 116 Ibdem. S Ibdem. S


PRWLYR SRU HO TXH -XiUH] WXYR TXH JREHUQDU FRQ IDFXOWDGHV H[WUDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHV SDUDUHVROYHUORVSUREOHPDVTXHHQIUHQWDEDHQHVRVPRPHQWRVODQDFLyQQRTXLHUHGHFLUTXHKD\DH[LVWLGRXQVLVWHPDSDUODPHQWDULR6LQHPEDUJRVHSXHGHKDEODUGHGRVHWDSDVGHOSUHVLGHQFLDOLVPRPH[LFDQR8QDTXHFRPLHQ]DFRQOD&RQVWLWXFLyQGHSRUVHU ODSULPHUD TXH WXYR YLJHQFLD KDVWD OD&RQVWLWXFLyQ GH


6HKDDUJXPHQWDGRTXHODSRVLEOHODUD]yQSRUODTXHOD&RQVWLWXFLyQGHOHRWRUJyPD\RUHVIDFXOWDGHVDOHMHFXWLYRTXHDORVRWURVSRGHUHVHVTXHORVFRQVWLWX\HQWHVDGRSWDURQHOSHQVDPLHQWRGH(PLOLR5DEDVDVHJ~QHOFXDOHOUpJLPHQDXWRFUiWLFRGH3RUULR'tD]QR KDEtD VLGR REUD GH OD DPELFLyQ R HO FDSULFKR GH XQ KRPEUH VLQR LPSXHVWR SRU HOKHFKR LQHYLWDEOH \ SURIXQGR GHO HVFDVR GHVDUUROOR SROtWLFR QDFLRQDO$XQTXH WDPELpQVHGLFHTXHHOSURSyVLWRHUDIRUPDUXQHMHFXWLYRIXHUWHTXHSXGLHUDDFDEDUFRQODVOXFKDVIDFFLRQDOHVGHQWURGHOSURSLRJUXSRUHYROXFLRQDULR16

3RU RWUR ODGR DGHPiV GHO IRUWDOHFLPLHQWR GHO 3RGHU (MHFXWLYR SRU PHGLR GH ODVIDFXOWDGHVTXHDFDEDPRVGHUHYLVDUVHVXPDQRWURVHOHPHQWRVTXHDORODUJRGHOWUDEDMRLUpSUHVHQWDQGR3RUHOPRPHQWRFRQWLQXRFRQHOSURFHVRKLVWyULFRTXHOOHYyDODFRQVROLGDFLyQGHOSUHVLGHQFLDOLVPR

,,,&DXGLOOLVPR\3UHVLGHQFLDOLVPR

&DXGLOOLVPR \ SUHVLGHQFLDOLVPR VRQ GRV IHQyPHQRV GLVWLQWRV TXH RFXUULHURQ HQGRVPRPHQWRVGLIHUHQWHVQRREVWDQWHDPERV IRUPDQSDUWHGHXQPLVPRSURFHVRHQHOTXHHOVHJXQGRVHLPSXVRDOSULPHUR$QWHHOFDRV\ODLQHVWDELOLGDGSROtWLFDHQTXHVHHQFRQWUDEDHOSDtVDFDVXVDGHODUHYROXFLyQVXUJLHURQPRYLPLHQWRVDUPDGRVGLULJLGRVSRU OtGHUHV ORFDOHV OODPDGRV FDXGLOORV TXH EDMR OD EDQGHUD GH OD UHYROXFLyQ OXFKDEDQSRUODFRQVROLGDFLyQGHVXVSRGHUHVpVWHIHQyPHQRFRQWLQXyWRGDYtDKDVWDODPXHUWHGH2EUHJyQ\FRQFOX\yFRQODIRUPDFLyQGHO3DUWLGR1DFLRQDOUHYROXFLRQDULR315\HOQRPEUDPLHQWRGHO3UHVLGHQWHLQWHULQRTXLHQFRQWyFRQHOFRQVHQVRGHWRGRVORVOtGHUHVUHYROXFLRQDULRVUHXQLGRVHQHVWHRUJDQLVPRSROtWLFR$SDUWLUGHHQWRQFHVVDOYRDOJXQDVH[FHSFLRQHVODGLVSXWDSRUHOSRGHU\DQRVHGLRSRUPHGLRGHODVDUPDVVLQRPHGLDQWHODQHJRFLDFLyQGHODVGLVWLQWDVIXHU]DVDOLQWHULRUGHOQXHYRSDUWLGR

3RURWURODGRDQWHVGHODFUHDFLyQGHO315GXUDQWHHOJRELHUQRGH&DOOHVWDPELpQVHFRPHQ]DURQDGDUDYDQFHVSDUDFRQWURODUDORVFDXGLOORVWDQWRSRUPHGLRGHODOLPLWDFLyQGHOSUHVXSXHVWRGHVWLQDGRDOUDPRPLOLWDUFRPRIDFLOLWiQGROHVVXFRQYHUVLyQHQKRPEUHVGH QHJRFLRV 6LQ HPEDUJR IXH KDVWD HO DVHVLQDWR GH 2EUHJyQ FXDQGR HQYXHOWR HQ XQSRVLEOHFRQLFWR&DOOHVRSWySRUFRQYRFDUD WRGDV ODVRUJDQL]DFLRQHV\JUXSRVTXHVHFRQVLGHUDEDQUHYROXFLRQDULRVDUHXQLUVHHQXQDVRODRUJDQL]DFLyQVXUJLHQGRDVtHO315

16 Ibdem, S *87,e55(= 5,9$6 5RGULJR (O FRQLFWR &DOOHV&iUGHQDV XQ DFHUFDPLHQWR DO RULJHQ GHOpresidencialismo mexicano en &yUGRYD9LDQHOOR /RUHQ]R$OEHUWR 6LOYD5DPRV \0LJXHO&DUERQHOO \6iQFKH]Ensayos sobre el presidencialismo mexicano0p[LFR(GLWRULDO$OGXV S&5'29$$UQDOGRLa formacin del poder poltico en Mxico, 0p[LFR(UDS


HQSURGHODHVWDELOLGDGSROtWLFDQDFLRQDO&DEHVHxDODUTXHFRQVXFUHDFLyQ&DOOHVIXHODJXUDSROtWLFDPiVEHQHFLDGDFRQHOORSXHVVHFRQYLUWLyHQHOSHUVRQDMHSULQFLSDOGHODYLGDSROtWLFDGHOSDtVOOHJDQGRDOODPiUVHOHDOSHUtRGRFRPSUHQGLGRHQWUH\HO0D[LPDWRKDFLHQGRDOXVLyQDOSRGHUTXHWHQtD

5HVSHFWRDORTXHWRFDDODIXQGDFLyQGHOSDUWLGRRFLDOTXHOXHJRVHWUDQVIRUPDUtDHQHO3DUWLGRGHOD5HYROXFLyQ0H[LFDQD350!\HO3DUWLGR5HYROXFLRQDULR,QVWLWXFLRQDO35,! HV QHFHVDULR VHxDODU TXH HVWH KHFKR WXYR XQD LPSRUWDQWH WUDVFHQGHQFLD HQ ORVVLJXLHQWHVDxRVKDVWDQDOHVGHOVLJOR;;SRUTXHFXPSOLyFRQODVIXQFLRQHVFRQWHQHUHOGHVJDMDPLHQWRGHOJUXSRUHYROXFLRQDULRLQVWDXUDUXQVLVWHPDFLYLOL]DGRGHGLULPLUODVOXFKDV SRU HO SRGHU \ GDU XQ DOFDQFH QDFLRQDO D OD DFFLyQ SROtWLFRDGPLQLVWUDWLYD SDUDORJUDU ODVPHWDV GH OD5HYROXFLyQ0H[LFDQD 6DOYR DOJXQDV GLVLGHQFLDV OD GH -XDQ$QGUHZ$OPD]iQ HQ (]HTXLHO 3DGLOOD HQ 0LJXHO +HQUtTXH] *X]PiQ HQ\DJUHJRODGH&XDXKpPRF&iUGHQDVHQ(OSDUWLGRFRQWULEX\yDSRQHUQDOFDXGLOOLVPR\GDUSDVRDO3UHVLGHQFLDOLVPRSHURD~QIDOWDQPiVSLH]DVGHOURPSHFDEH]DVSDUDTXHHVWHVHFRQVROLGDUDODVFXDOHVHQVHJXLGDWUDWDUpGHH[SOLFDU*87,e55(=5,9$6. (OFRQLFWR&DOOHV&iUGHQDV2SFLWS Ibidem, S&2629,//(*$6'DQLHOEl sistema poltico mexicano. Las posibilidades de cambio. DHGLFLyQ0p[LFR&XDGHUQRVGH-RDTXtQ0RWUL] SIbidem. S

3OXWDUFR(OtDV&DOOHVSUHVLGHQWH\FDXGLOOR


/$583785$&$//(6&5'(1$6

&RPRVHPHQFLRQyXQRVSiUUDIRVDWUiVFRQODIXQGDFLyQGHOSDUWLGRRFLDO&DOOHVTXHGyFRPRODJXUDPi[LPDTXHPRYtDORVKLORVGHODSROtWLFDQDFLRQDOSRUHOORSXGRLPSRQHU D ORV FDQGLGDWRV \ OXHJR SUHVLGHQWHV GH OD UHS~EOLFD TXH FRQVLGHUDED SRGtDPDQLSXODUDSHVDUGHTXHpOQRRFXSDUDODWLWXODULGDGGHO(MHFXWLYR3RUWDOHVPRWLYRVSRVWXOy OD FDQGLGDWXUD GHO JHQHUDO /i]DUR &iUGHQDV TXLHQ SRFR GHVSXpV WHUPLQy SRULPSRQHUVHD&DOOHV/DVGLIHUHQFLDVHQWUHODVSRVWXUDVGHDPERVSHUVRQDMHVIUHQWHDORVSUREOHPDVVRFLDOHVHUDGLVWLQWDDXQTXHDOSULQFLSLRGHVXJRELHUQRSDUHFtDTXH&iUGHQDVPDQWHQtDEXHQDVUHODFLRQHVFRQ&DOOHVSRUTXHSRUHMHPSORVXJDELQHWHHVWDEDFRPSXHVWRSRUFDOOLVWDVSHURSURQWRWDPELpQFRPHQ]yDDSOLFDUVXSURSLRSUR\HFWRTXHQRVRODPHQWHHUDGLVWLQWRDOGH&DOOHVVLQRTXH LEDHQFRQWUDGHVXV LQWHUHVHV$VRORFXDWURGtDVGHKDEHUFRPHQ]DGRVXSHUtRGRSUHVLGHQFLDOFHUUy ODVFDVDVGH MXHJRTXHHQVXPD\RUtDSHUWHQHFtDQ D OtGHUHV FDOOLVWDV $GHPiV FRQVLJXLy TXH HO SUREOHPD UHOLJLRVR FRQ ORVFULVWHURVTXHGDUDHQXQVHJXQGRSODQRRGHVDSDUHFLHUDTXHGDQGRHQSULPHUWpUPLQRODDSOLFDFLyQGHVXSROtWLFDVRFLDOFRQHOORDGHPiVGHJDQDUHODSR\RGHODVFODVHVSRSXODUHV\HYLWyXQDJXHUUDUHOLJLRVD

0(',17]YLIdeologa y praxis poltica de Lzaro Crdenas. HGLFLyQ0p[LFR6LJOR;;, &ROHFFLyQ6RFLRORJtD\3ROtWLFDS

/i]DUR&iUGHQDVGHO5tR


$SHVDUGHHOOR&iUGHQDVD~QQRDWDFDEDDELHUWDPHQWHD&DOOHV\DVXVVHJXLGRUHVVLQRKDVWDGHVSXpVGHTXHpVWHFULWLFyODSROtWLFDVRFLDOOOHYDGDDFDERSRUVXJRELHUQRHQXQDHQWUHYLVWDTXHVHSXEOLFRHOGHMXQLRGHHQORVSHULyGLFRVGH&DOOHVFRQXQJUXSRGHVHQDGRUHVFDOOLVWDVGLULJLGRVSRU(]HTXLHO3DGLOODEDMRHOWLWXODUGH(OJHQHUDO&DOOHVVHxDODQGRUXPERV$KtH[SUHVyTXHHOJRELHUQRHVWDEDVDERWHDQGRDO315WUDWDQGRGHGLYLGLUORHQWUHFDOOLVWDV\FDUGHQLVWDVORFXDOSURYRFDUtDXQFKRTXHDUPDGR\XQSUREOHPDQDFLRQDOJUDYH$GHPiVGH OD VLWXDFLyQLQDJXDQWDEOHTXHYLYtD HOSDtVSRU FDXVDGHODV FRQVWDQWHV KXHOJDVPXFKDV GH ODV FXDOHV QR WHQtDQ MXVWLFDFLyQ DOJXQD 7DPELpQVHxDOyTXHSRUWRGRVHVRVSUREOHPDV&iUGHQDVSRGtDWHQHUXQDUHWLUDGDKRQURVDFRQORTXHFRPSDUDEDODVLWXDFLyQLPSHUDQWHFRQORTXHVHYLYtDGXUDQWHHOJRELHUQRGH2UWL]5XELROOHYiQGRORDTXHUHQXQFLDUDSDUDTXHGHQXHYRLPSXVLHUDVXSRGHUVREUHHOGHOpresidente.

$ ODV FUtWLFDV GH&DOOHV VH VXPDURQ HO DSR\R TXH WXYR GH OD&RPLVLyQ3HUPDQHQWHGHO&RQJUHVRGHOD8QLyQIHOLFLWiQGRORSRUVXDFWRSDWULyWLFRDOLJXDOTXHHO%ORTXH1DFLRQDO5HYROXFLRQDULRGHVHQDGRUHV\ODPD\RUtDGHORVGLSXWDGRVTXHFRQGHQDURQODDFWLWXGGLYLVLRQLVWDGHODODL]TXLHUGDGHOSDUWLGR

3RUVXSDUWH&iUGHQDVSURQWRUHFLELyHODSR\RGHODVPDVDVTXHKDEtDDSR\DGRGXUDQWHVXJRELHUQRHQ0LFKRDFiQVXFDPSDxDHOHFWRUDO\HODxR\PHGLRGHJRELHUQRTXHOOHYDEDFRPR3UHVLGHQWH1XPHURVRVVLQGLFDWRVREUHURVKLFLHURQXQDGHFODUDFLyQS~EOLFDOODPDGD5HVSXHVWDGHORV WUDEDMDGRUHVD3(&DOOHVHQODTXHOHPDQLIHVWDURQVXUHSXGLR'HLJXDO IRUPD OD &70 VH PDQLIHVWy (Q HVRV PRPHQWRV HO DSR\R SRSXODU IXH GH JUDQLPSRUWDQFLDSHURVREUHWRGRODDFWLWXGUPHGH&iUGHQDVTXLHQHOGHMXQLRFRQWHVWyDODVDFXVDFLRQHVFDOOLVWDVGLFLHQGRTXH

GHWHUPLQDGRVJUXSRV VHKDEtDQGHGLFDGRGHVGHTXHFRPHQ]yVXDGPLQLVWUDFLyQDSRQHUOHREVWiFXORVXVDQGRPpWRGRVGHVOHDOHV\GHWUDLFLyQ\GHIHQGLyVXSROtWLFDVRFLDODUPDQGRTXHFRQVLGHUDEDD ODVKXHOJDVFRPR ODFRQVHFXHQFLDGHODFRPRGDPLHQWRGHORVLQWHUHVHVUHSUHVHQWDGRVSRUORVGRVIDFWRUHVGHODSURGXFFLyQ\TXHVLFDXVDQDOJ~QPDOHVWDU\D~QOHVLRQDQPRPHQWiQHDPHQWHODHFRQRPtDGHOSDtVUHVXHOWRVUD]RQDEOHPHQWH\GHQWURGHXQHVStULWXGHHTXLGDG\GHMXVWLFLDVRFLDOFRQWULEX\HQFRQHOWLHPSRDKDFHUPiVVyOLGDODVLWXDFLyQHFRQyPLFD

Ibidem, SIbidem. S


'HVWDFDDGHPiVTXHHQVXFRQWHVWDFLyQDOXGHDVXFDUiFWHUGH3UHVLGHQWHFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGHORV(VWDGRV8QLGRV0H[LFDQRV\TXHSRUQLQJ~QPRWLYRHOSUHVLGHQWHGHODUHS~EOLFDSHUPLWLUiH[FHVRVGHQLQJXQDHVSHFLH\TXHVDEUtDHVWDUDODDOWXUDGHOSXHVWRSRUHOTXHORKDEtDQYRWDGRVXVFRQFLXGDGDQRV'HHVWDIRUPD&iUGHQDVDQWHSRQHHO3UHVLGHQFLDOLVPRDOPD[LPDWRKDFLHQGRTXHHOSDUWLGRTXHGDUDDGLVSRVLFLyQGHOSUHVLGHQWH\QRDOUHYpVFRPRHUDKDVWDHQWRQFHVGHMDQGRGHVHUXQLQVWUXPHQWRFDOOLVWD\GDUOHRWUDRULHQWDFLyQSDUDTXHVXIXQFLRQDPLHQWRUHVSRQGDDOVLQFHURSURSyVLWRUHYROXFLRQDULRGHGDUOHFDGDYH]PD\RU LQWHUYHQFLyQ DO SXHEOR (Q HOPLVPR VHQWLGR HQ FDGD RFDVLyQ TXH WHQtD&iUGHQDVFRQWHVWDEDD ORV WDTXHVFDOOLVWDVSRUHMHPSORHQXQGLVFXUVRSURQXQFLDGRHQXQDPDQLIHVWDFLyQREUHUDOOHYDGDDFDERSDUDSURWHVWDUHQFRQWUDGHORVDWDTXHVFDOOLVWDVH[SUHVy

9LHQH OXHJR QXHVWUD DFFLyQ GHQLWLYD \ FRQFUHWD HQ HO DVSHFWR DJUDULR YDPRV DDIHFWDUDODVGLVWLQWDVSURSLHGDGHVGHOSDtVGHDFXHUGRFRQODOH\6LQVDOLUQRVGHHOODVHUHSDUWHODKDFLHQGDGH+XDUDFKD\DQH[DVGHORVIDPLOLDUHVGHO\HUQRGHOVHxRU&DOOHV9LHQHWDPELpQSRUHOJRELHUQRHOGHVSOD]DPLHQWRGHOD%HQHFHQFLD3~EOLFDGHOVHxRU

JHQHUDO7DSLDSRUVHUXQHOHPHQWRGHVRUJDQL]DGRSRUTXHQRVGHMyDTXHOODLQVWLWXFLyQHQVLWXDFLyQFRPSOHWDPHQWHUXLQRVD


&2162/,'$&,1'(/35(6,'(1&,$/,602

$ ORV IDFWRUHV KDVWD DTXt H[SXHVWRV DJUHJR D FRQWLQXDFLyQ RWURV TXH WDPELpQFRQWULEX\HURQ D OD FRQVROLGDFLyQ GHO SUHVLGHQFLDOLVPR(O DSR\RTXH&iUGHQDV UHFLELyGHODVPDVDVSRSXODUHVGXUDQWHVXJHVWLyQVHGHELyDTXHDGLIHUHQFLDGHORTXHKDEtDRFXUULGR GXUDQWH HO PD[LPDWRVH GHGLFy DSR\DU D REUHURV \ FDPSHVLQRV $ ORVSULPHURVDSR\iQGRORVFRQODXGRVTXHORVIDYRUHFLHUDQ\DOHQWiQGRORVSDUDTXHDWUDYpVGHODKXHOJDKLFLHUDQYDOHUVXVGHUHFKRV\DORVFDPSHVLQRVRWRUJDQGRHOPD\RUSRUFHQWDMHGHWLHUUDVTXHQLQJXQRGHVXVDQWHFHVRUHVKDEtDKHFKR5HDOL]yXQDFDPSDxDHOHFWRUDOGHHQRUPHVSURSRUFLRQHVYLVLWDQGRORVSXHEORVPiVDOHMDGRV\TXHWDPSRFRQDGLHKDEtDKHFKRFRQ OD LQWHQFLyQGHHVFXFKDU ODVGHPDQGDVGH ODJHQWHH LQFRUSRUDUODVDO 3ODQVH[HQDO\DVHJXUDUHODSR\RGHODVPDVDVTXHVHKDEtDQGHVFXLGDGRGXUDQWHORVJRELHUQRVTXHFRQIRUPDURQHOPD[LPDWRGH WDOVXHUWHTXHVXHOHFFLyQUHVXOWy WDQ OHJLWLPDTXHREWXYRHOGHORVYRWRV

3RU RWUR ODGR VL ELHQ &DOOHV IXH HO IXQGDGRU GHO 315 &iUGHQDV VH HQFDUJy GHWUDQVIRUPDUOR HQ XQ SDUWLGR GH PDVDV FRQ OD FUHDFLyQ GH OD &RQIHGHUDFLyQ 1DFLRQDO&DPSHVLQD&1&\OD&HQWUDOGH7UDEDMDGRUHVGH0p[LFR&70DGHPiVGHUHRUJDQL]DUORFRQYLUWLpQGRORHQHO3DUWLGRGHOD5HYROXFLyQ0H[LFDQD350\GLYLGLpQGRORHQFXDWURVHFWRUHVHOFDPSHVLQRHOREUHURHOSRSXODU\HOGHOHMpUFLWRHTXLOLEUDQGRGHHVWHPRGRHOSRGHUGHO~OWLPRGHHOORV

(O DSR\R TXH JDQy GH HVWRV VHFWRUHV OH VLUYLy SDUD OHJLWLPDU ODV DFFLRQHV TXHIRUWDOHFLHURQVXJRELHUQR\DODYH]ODJXUDSUHVLGHQFLDOWDQWRSDUDJDQDUOHJtWLPDPHQWHODHOHFFLyQSUHVLGHQFLDOFRPRHQHOFRQLFWRFRQFDOOHV\GXUDQWHODH[SURSLDFLyQSHWUROHUDSRUPDQLIHVWDUORVPiVLPSRUWDQWHV1RREVWDQWHWRGRHOORWDPELpQFRQWULEX\yDTXHVHYLHUDHQODJXUDGHO3UHVLGHQWHHOFRQGXFWRUGHOSXHEOR\QRFRPRXQKRPEUHFRP~Q&iUGHQDVVHFRQYLUWLyDVtHQHOJUDQSUHVLGHQWHHOUHYROXFLRQDULRVLQWDFKDLQPDFXODGRTXHVHHQFRQWUDEDOXFKDQGRFRQHOSXHEORDVXODGRFRQWUDWHUULEOHVIXHU]DVUHDFFLRQDULDVGHQWUR\IXHUDGHOSDtVDODVFXDOHVHUDSUHFLVRDSODVWDU

Ibidem, S&5'29$$UQDOGROp.cit., S685(=*$21$(QULTXHLegitimacin revolucionaria del poder en Mxico?. 0p[LFR6LJOR;;,&ROHFFLyQ6RFLRORJtD\3ROtWLFDSIbidem, S&5'29$Op. cit.. S


)$&8/7$'(60(7$&2167,78&,21$/(6

$VLPLVPRGXUDQWHHVWHSURFHVRHO3UHVLGHQWHIXHDGTXLULHQGR\DFXPXODQGRRWURVSRGHUHVDGHPiVGHORVTXHOHRWRUJDEDOD&RQVWLWXFLyQOODPDGRVIDFXOWDGHVPHWDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHVORVFXDOHVHQPXFKDVRFDVLRQHVHVWiQ tQWLPDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGRV\TXHVRQIUXWRGHXQSURFHVRGHFRQFHQWUDFLyQGHSRGHUHVHQHO&RPLWp(MHFXWLYRGHO35135035,\HQHOHMHFXWLYRTXHVHWUDGXMHURQHQIDFXOWDGHVGHO3UHVLGHQWHPiVDOOiGHODVHVWDEOHFLGDVHQOD&RQVWLWXFLyQHVGHFLUVHWUDWyGHSRGHUHVGHKHFKR(O3UHVLGHQWHHUDWDPELpQHOMHIHUHDOGHOSDUWLGRRFLDOGHOFXDOHPDQDED\GHVLJQDEDDORVOtGHUHVGHORVVHFWRUHVTXHORFRQIRUPDEDQ3RUORWDQWRWHQtDHOFRQWUROGHODVSULQFLSDOHVRUJDQL]DFLRQHVREUHUDVFDPSHVLQDVSURIHVLRQDOHV\SRSXODUHV'HLJXDOIRUPDDWUDYpVGHOSDUWLGRWHQtDHQVXVPDQRVHOQRPEUDPLHQWR\GHVWLWXFLyQHQVXFDVRGHJREHUQDGRUHVVHQDGRUHVGLSXWDGRV\SUHVLGHQWHVPXQLFLSDOHV&DEHUHFRUGDUTXHHO315350\35,HUDHOSDUWLGRFDVLRFLDOTXH WHQtD SUiFWLFDPHQWH OD KHJHPRQtD SROtWLFD \ SDUWLGLVWD GHO SDtV \ TXH QR H[LVWtDQHQWRQFHVSDUWLGRVRSRVLWRUHVORVXFLHQWHPHQWHIXHUWHVSDUDKDFHUOHFRQWUDSHVR$GHPiVGH TXH QR KDEtD HOHFFLRQHV GHPRFUiWLFDV SXHVWR TXH H[LVWtDQPHFDQLVPRV HOHFWRUDOHVFRPRODDXWRFDOLFDFLyQTXHEHQHFLDEDQDODpOLWHSROtWLFD&$53,=2-RUJHOp. cit., S Ibidem, S

)UDJPHQWRGHPXUDOGH'LHJR5LYHUDHQ3DODFLR1DFLRQDO


$GHPiVWDPELpQVHH[SOLFDODVXERUGLQDFLyQGHORVJREHUQDQWHV\GHORVOHJLVODGRUHVDO3UHVLGHQWH\ DO SDUWLGRSRUTXH DO QR H[LVWLU OD UHHOHFFLyQ VL FRQWDEDQ FRQ VX DSR\RSRGtDQSDVDUGHXQFDUJRDRWURHVGHFLUGHVHQDGRUDJREHUQDGRUGHDKtDSUHVLGHQWHGHOSDUWLGRHWFFXDQWDVFRPELQDFLRQHVVHSXHGDQKDFHU(QUHVXPHQVHJ~Q-RUJH&DUSL]RODVIDFXOWDGHVPHWDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHVTXHHO3UHVLGHQWHGHODUHS~EOLFDWHQtDHUDQODMHIDWXUDUHDOGHO35,ODGHVLJQDFLyQGHVXVXFHVRUODGHVLJQDFLyQGHORVJREHUQDGRUHV\UHPRFLyQGHORVJREHUQDGRUHVORFXDOVHWUDGXFHHQTXHHOSRGHUGHOHMHFXWLYRHVWDEDEDVDGRHQ ODRUJDQL]DFLyQGHOSDUWLGRHQ ODGLVFLSOLQDGHSDUWLGR\HQHO OLGHUD]JRGHOSDUWLGR )LQDOPHQWH FDVL FRPR HQ XQDPRQDUTXtD DXQTXH GH WLSR VH[HQDO SRGtDHOHJLUDVXVXFHVRUSDUDDOJXQRVHVWiGHFLVLyQODWRPDEDOLEUHPHQWHSHURSDUDRWURVGHEtDWRPDUHQFXHQWDRWURVIDFWRUHVFRPRFRQVXOWDUFRQORVVHFWRUHVGHOSDUWLGRORFXDOHUDXQUHTXLVLWRLQGLVSHQVDEOHTXHHOQXHYRFDQGLGDWRFRQWDUDFRQVXDQXHQFLD

&21&/86,21(6

/D FRQVROLGDFLyQ GHO VLVWHPD SUHVLGHQFLDOPH[LFDQR IRUPD SDUWH GH XQ SURFHVR GHFHQWUDOL]DFLyQGHIDFXOWDGHVDFDUJRGHOHMHFXWLYRIHGHUDOODVFXDOHVOHSHUPLWLHURQHMHUFHUFRQWUROVREUHORVDFWRUHVSROtWLFRV\VRFLDOHV(VHSHUtRGRVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUODFUHDFLyQGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHV31535035,&70&1&TXHVHFRQYHUWLUtDQOXHJRHQSDUWHVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGHOVLVWHPDSROtWLFRPH[LFDQRORFXDOQRVSHUPLWHFRPSUHQGHUDOSHUtRGRSRVWUHYROXFLRQDULRFRPRXQRGHORVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVHQHOGLVHxRGHODDUTXLWHFWXUDOHJDOLQVWLWXFLRQDO GHO VLJOR;; 6L ELHQ GHVGH TXH0p[LFR WXYR VX SULPHUD FRQVWLWXFLyQ VHDGRSWyHOSUHVLGHQFLDOLVPRQRIXHVLQRKDVWDOD&RQVWLWXFLyQGHFXDQGRVHOHGLRPD\RU IXHU]D GRWiQGROR GHPD\RUHV IDFXOWDGHV \ VREUH WRGR HQ ORV iPELWRV ODERUDO \DJUDULRPLVPDVTXHOHSHUPLWLHURQD&iUGHQDVFRQWURODUDHVRVVHFWRUHV\FRQVROLGDUODLQVWLWXFLyQSUHVLGHQFLDOFRPRODSULQFLSDOJXUDQDFLRQDOVLQVDOLUVHGHORVFDXVHVOHJDOHV

6LQHPEDUJRJUDFLDVDODSR\RTXHUHFLELyGHODVPDVDVSRSXODUHVGHELGRDTXHVHKDEtDGHVWDFDGRSRUDSR\DUODV\DVXUPH]DIXHTXHSXGRLPSRQHUVHD&DOOHVKDVWDHQWRQFHVHOKRPEUHTXHPRYtDORVKLORVGHOSRGHU\FRQWLQXDUDVtFRQVXSROtWLFDVRFLDO$XQTXHDOPLVPRWLHPSRDFXPXOyXQDVHULHGHSUHUURJDWLYDVTXHOHOOHYDURQDLQFUHPHQWDUVXSRGHUDWUDYpVGHIDFXOWDGHVPHWDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHVODVFXDOHVSHUPLWLHURQDSDUWLUGHHQWRQFHVDWRGRVORVSUHVLGHQWHVGHOVLJORSDVDGRFRQWURODUODYLGDQDFLRQDO

dem &2629,//(*$6'DQLHOLa sucesin presidencial0p[LFR(GLWRULDO-RDTXtQ0RUWL]S


BIBLIOGRAFA

&$53,=2-RUJHEl presidencialismo mexicano. DHGLFLyQ6LJOR;;,0p[LFR

&5'29$$UQDOGRLa formacin del poder poltico en Mxico. (UD0p[LFR

&5'29$9,$1(//2/RUHQ]R$OEHUWR6LOYD5DPRV\0LJXHO&DUERQHOO\6iQFKH]Ensayos sobre el presidencialismo mexicano, (GLWRULDO$OGXV0p[LFR

&2629,//(*$6'DQLHOLa sucesin presidencial0p[LFR(GLWRULDO-RDTXtQ0RUWL]0p[LFR

______ El sistema poltico mexicano. Las posibilidades de cambio. 'pFLPRWHUFHUHGLFLyQ&XDGHUQRVGH-RDTXtQ0RWUL]0p[LFR

0$

Caudillismo Sociedad y Estado

Documents

Transcript of Caudillismo Sociedad y Estado