Cognição I- CELSON - Complexidade e cérebro

8/14/2019 Cognio I- CELSON - Complexidade e crebro

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Seminrio de Estudos avanadosCOGNIO I FUNDAMENTOS

COMPLEXIDADE E CREBRO

Celson D. PereiraIcex-UFMG


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I) COMPLEXIDADE

1) A partir de Prigogine, Stengers, Atlan .... pode-seentender que Complexidade refere-se a diversidade/emergncia/novidade/surpresa, inerente sinstncias/ dinmicas prprias da natureza (O quese ope ao clssico determinismo)

2) Com efeito, mesmo que partculas elementares,constituintes da matria sejam bem determinadas,seus movimentos no so (Teoria Quntica), e, seusaglomerados moleculares apresentam propriedades

emergentes. ( Ex. propriedades de substncias emfuno do nmero de tomos de carbono etc).


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I) COMPLEXIDADE

3) Frente ao que via (Como via) na natureza Prigogineops-se,digamos, fsica do equilbrio etc. Eriksson*,por reflexes tericas, analisa a prpria origem dacomplexidade a partir de instncias imediatamente apso Big Bang:

At the very high temperatures reigning at the beginning(Big Bang), the universe may have been not only inthermal equilibrium but also very symmetric, obeyingnearly exact gauge symmetries. These symmetries arestill the basis for interactions through gauge fields , butthey must have been broken very early (around 10-35 s)with the decrease in temperature accompanying theexpansion.


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I) COMPLEXIDADE

In this symmetry breaking the first diversity was created(2). It seems that ever since, growing complexity,including self-organization, has been a steady occupationof the universe(A dream of an extended self-organization ladder)

Values OrganizationSelf-knowledge ComplexityConsciousness StructureEvolution ContrastKnow-how Matter/energy in space-time

*Karl-Erik Eriksson, C. W. (ed), Disequilibrium and self-Organization, 1-10, 1986, D. Reidel Publishing Company.)


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I) COMPLEXIDADE

Ora, isto altera substancialmente, muito ... de muito doque se ouve falar sobre complexidade, ainda, nesteincio de sculo XXI.

Por outro lado, Como est o sonho hoje?

4) A complexidade de todo dia que envolve nossas vidasno que concerne aos fenmenos naturais, dosnamoricos ingnuos vida familiar, do comercio informal economia internacional etc.


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Nervous system

The nucleus of a neuron is located in the cell body. Extending out from the cell body arerocesses called dendrites and axons. These processes vary in number & relative lengthut always serve to conduct impulses (with dendrites conducting impulses toward the

cell body and axons conducting impulses away from the cell body).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg

Neurons can respond to stimuli and conduct impulses because a membrane potential isestablished across the cell membrane. In other words, there is an unequal distribution of ions (charged atoms) on the two sides of a nerve cell membrane. This can be illustrated

ith a voltmeter:


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The Cerebrum: The cerebrum or cortex is the largest part of the human brain,associated with higher brain function such as thought and action. The cerebral cortex isdivided into four sections, called "lobes": the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe,and temporal lobe. Here is a visual representation of the cortex:

What do each of these lobes do?

Frontal Lobe- associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement,emotions, and problem solving

Parietal Lobe- associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli

Occipital Lobe- associated with visual processing Temporal Lobe- associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli,

memory, and speech


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Gross anatomical divisions

On gross inspection, three lobes can be distinguished in the cerebellum: theflocculonodular lobe , the anterior lobe (rostral to the "primary fissure"), and theposterior lobe (dorsal to the "primary fissure"). The latter two can be further divided in

a midline cerebellar vermis and lateral cerebellar hemispheres .

Figure 3: Cerebellum and surrounding regions; sagittal view of one hemisphere. A:Midbrain . B: Pons. C: Medulla . D: Spinal cord . E: Fourth ventricle . F: Arbor vitae . G:Tonsil . H: Anterior lobe. I: Posterior lobe.


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The amygdala complex is one of the main areas to process emotional content of ehavior and memory. The main purpose of the amygdala is to filter the important

sensory information from the unimportant. The hippocampus converts objectiveversions of events from short term to long term memory.

Retrieved from http://science.howstuffworks.com/brain9.htm

The hippocampus converts objective versions of events from short term to long termmemory. Together, the hippocampus and the amygdala can shape memories, combiningthe emotional version of the amygdala with the more objective version of thehippocampus. Because of the effect of the amygdala on the memory, the emotional stateof the learner will change the subjects perception of the memory.

The thalamus observes external stimuli and tells the brain what is happening outside of the body. The thalamus can observe a stimulus outside the body and immediately

transmit limited information to the amygdala, which can then trigger a quick, emotionaloutburst. The hypothalamus informs the brain as to what is happening inside the body.When the thalamus records a stimulus, the brain will attempt to produce a reaction.When no reaction can be produced, the hypothalamus will trigger the endocrine system


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I) COMPLEXIDADE

5) Complexidade, Evoluo e Auto-organizao

6) Formalizao: Sistemas (Constituintes, interaes,variveis, estados etc.) Sistemas DinmicosComplexos. Atratores

7) A Complexidade dos Sistemas biolgicos (Novosvrus, aids, gripe etc.)


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II) CREBRO

1) Neurnios, Crebro, Complexidade Neuronal (CN),Cognio

2) Ambiente, Biologia, Economia da energia, o Crebro,Complexidade de adaptao (CM) e a emergncia doscio-cultural: Crebro e a Complexidade das interaesAmbiento Econmico Scio Culturais: Crebro eComportamento Humano.

Obs. CN, CM -Ver A Universe of Consciousness,Edelman e Tononi)


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III) COMPLEXIDADE E LIBERDADE

Se o carter materialista do tratamento cientfico deinstncias prprias do humano se rende a uminercial/inapelavelmente/ingenuamente determinstico, oser humano sitiado dentro de limites insuportavelmenteridculos. Mas, no mbito do carter de Abertura(Sistemas abertos) da Complexidade, as coisas mudammuito. A, o sistema, mesmo no sendo autnomo emtermos de energia, pode s-lo em sua evoluo, emvirtude de sua Complexidade prpria.


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III) COMPLEXIDADE E LIBERDADE

A partir da, parece concebvel que, quem quiser, aseu modo, pode contemplar o infinito, ou, pelo menos ser tomado por convico de que livre, pelo menos nopensamento.

Em breves dcimos de segundo de vida, umaexploso de Complexidade, prpria do crebro, podeenvolver a percepo da prpria morte numa experinciade completude.

Cognição I- CELSON - Complexidade e cérebro

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