Competencia electoral, gasto público y provisión de servicios en municipios mexicanos

5/10/2018 Competencia electoral, gasto p blico y provisi n de servicios en municipios ...

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Eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga! cgu}o tùjafeo v tzo{fufõl mn unz{fefou

nl b~lfeftfou bnpfeglou7

I~gl Knzlglmo Fjgzzg mna E~n}o

Nu lnenugzfo eobnlygz eol ~lg gm{nz}nlefg ga ane}oz9 na tznunl}n nu ~l }zgjgio mn

fl{nu}fcgefõl nbtâzfeg uojzn aou nkne}ou mn ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga nl na lf{na b~lfeftga

mn cojfnzlo nl Bæpfeo, Mnumn ~l t~l}o mn {fu}g }nõzfeo u~u gutfzgefolnu uol afbf}gmgu9

u~ tzotõuf}o lo nu okznenz ~l l~n{o nlkow~n tgzg na nu}~mfo mn aou cojfnzlou aoeganu! uflo

mfu}flc~fz tg}zolnu w~n tnzbf}gl `genz ~lg n{ga~gefõl mn agu eolune~nlefgu w~n ag

eznefnl}n eobtn}f}f{fmgm nane}ozga `g }nlfmo nl mf{nzuou flmfegmoznu mn mnunbtn÷o

c~jnzlgbnl}ga, Eobo nu mn nutnzgzun! ~l nu}~mfo e~gl}f}g}f{o mn nu}g lg}~zganyg }fnln ag

mnu{nl}gig mn obf}fz kge}oznu w~n t~nmnl unz to}nlefgabnl}n fbtoz}gl}nu nl eguou

flmf{fm~ganu ― gac~lg nptnzfnlefg fllo{gmozg nl ag zneg~mgefõl mn fbt~nu}ou o ~l

tzoczgbg mn fl{nzufõl tgz}fe~agzbnl}n npf}ouo! toz ninbtao" w~n uõao nu}~mfou mn eguo

tomzâgl fleoztozgz ga glçafufu, Ufl nbjgzco! nptaozgz gac~lgu `ftõ}nufu tgzg aou

b~lfeftfou nl u~ eoli~l}o ufz{n na tzotõuf}o mn fmnl}fkfegz agu }nlmnlefgu w~n `gl unc~fmo

nu}gu {gzfgjanu m~zgl}n aou ùa}fbou g÷ou tgzg eolu}z~fz guâ ~l tglozgbg cnlnzga,

F, Ag mnufc~ga mnboezg}fygefõl mn aou b~lfeftfou nl Bæpfeo

Na tzoenuo mn mnboezg}fygefõl nl Bæpfeo `g }nlfmo efnz}gu egzge}nzâu}fegu w~n ao `genl

znag}f{gbnl}n uflc~agz9 nl}zn o}zgu eougu! na egbjfo mn zæcfbnl lo u~t~uo ag mnzzo}g kflga

mn ~l cz~to nl na tomnz! lf u~ u~u}f}~efõl gjuoa~}g toz tgz}fmou otouf}oznu, ]gbtoeo

npfu}fõ ~lg lncoefgefõl nl}zn kgeefolnu w~n mnunbjoegzg nl ~l ‑tge}o‒ k~lmgefolga!

7 Nu}n gz}âe~ao k~n t~jafegmo nl Bgzâg mna Egzbnl Tgzmo (eoozm,&! L~n{gu }nlmnlefgu nl ag }nozâg v ag

tzçe}feg mn ag gmbflfu}zgefõl v mn agu toaâ}fegu tùjafegu! Bæpfeo! Na Eoancfo mn Bæpfeo! :446



:

eobo `g oe~zzfmo nl o}zou tgâunu w~n `gl }zgluf}gmo znefnl}nbnl}n g ag mnboezgefg, Nl na

eguo bnpfeglo! na egbjfo mn zæcfbnl un enl}zõ nl agu lncoefgefolnu w~n uou}~{fnzol na

o}zozg `ncnbõlfeo Tgz}fmo Zn{oa~efolgzfo Flu}f}~efolga (TZF& v u~u otouf}oznu nl }ozlo ga

ufu}nbg nane}ozga v agu eolmfefolnu lnenugzfgu tgzg cgzgl}fygz na afjzn ninzefefo mna

u~kzgcfo, U~enuf{gu znkozbgu k~nzol geobtg÷gmgu toz ~l eolu}gl}n fleznbnl}o nl ag

eobtn}f}f{fmgm mn agu naneefolnu nl agu w~n ag otoufefõl k~n oe~tglmo czgm~gabnl}n

nutgefou w~n gl}nu nzgl npea~uf{ou mna TZF,

Na egbjfo mn zæcfbnl }zgio eolufco ag tzobnug mn cojfnzlou bçu enzeglou g aou

ef~mgmglou! w~n znutolmfnzgl mn bnioz kozbg g u~u mnbglmgu! v uojzn }omo w~nokznefnzgl bnioznu uoa~efolnu g aou tzojanbgu eoane}f{ou, Mfe`g nptne}g}f{g un jguõ!

nl}zn o}zgu eougu! nl ag fmng mn w~n agu naneefolnu ufz{nl eobo bneglfubou mn unaneefõl v

znlmfefõl mn e~nl}gu nl aou w~n aou ef~mgmglou ~}fafygl u~ {o}o eobo ~lg kozbg mn

ninzenz eol}zoa uojzn u~u zntznunl}gl}nu! unaneefolglmo g gw~naaou eglmfmg}ou w~n bnioz

zntznunl}gl u~u fl}nznunu v egu}fcglmo g gw~naaou w~n lo `gvgl }nlfmo ~l j~nl

mnunbtn÷o, [gzfou g÷ou mnut~æu mn ag enanjzgefõl mn agu tzfbnzgu naneefolnu

eobtn}f}f{gu nl Bæpfeo! na nu}gmo mn çlfbo mn ag mfue~ufõl tùjafeg tgznenzâg flmfegz w~n

na e~btafbfnl}o mn }ga tzobnug `g w~nmgmo znancgmo mn kozbg flmnkflfmg, Nu mfkâefa! ufl

nbjgzco! ugjnz uf }ga ‑mnunlegl}o‒ un mnjn nl nkne}o g ~l mnunbtn÷o tojzn mn agu

g~}ozfmgmnu nane}gu o g o}zou nanbnl}ou w~n kozbgl tgz}n mna i~fefo w~n `genl aou

ef~mgmglou mn u~ cojfnzlo,Bçu gaaç mn ag tnzentefõl tùjafeg uojzn agu {nl}gigu o mnu{nl}gigu mna l~n{o

zæcfbnl! nu zgyolgjan tznc~l}gzun uojzn aou nkne}ou w~n `g }nlfmo ag eznefnl}n

eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga nl na ninzefefo c~jnzlgbnl}ga, Lo nu unlefaao mgz znut~nu}g g nu}g



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fl}nzzocgl}n t~nu bùa}ftanu tzojanbgu bn}omoaõcfeou `genl eobtanig ag }gzng mn

fmnl}fkfegz ~lg guoefgefõl eagzg nl}zn gbjou, Na tznunl}n }zgjgio tzn}nlmn gjozmgz nu}g

e~nu}fõl glgafyglmo gac~lgu mn agu eolune~nlefgu mna znefnl}n tzoenuo mn

mnboezg}fygefõl nl aou b~lfeftfou bnpfeglou, Nl tgz}fe~agz! un nptaozgl aou nkne}ou mn ag

eobtn}f}f{fmgm nane}ozga nl ag zneg~mgefõl! na cgu}o tùjafeo v ag tzo{fufõl mn unz{fefou

b~lfeftganu, Nu}n nlkow~n! jgugmo nl na lf{na b~lfeftga mn cojfnzlo! tnzbf}n

eobtznlmnz mn bnioz bglnzg ag lg}~zganyg mnufc~ga mna tzoenuo mn }zglukozbgefõl

toaâ}feg w~n `g nptnzfbnl}gmo l~nu}zo tgâu nl aou ùa}fbou g÷ou v u~u mf{nzugu

fbtafegefolnu, Aou znu~a}gmou mna glçafufu nbtâzfeo b~nu}zgl w~n ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozganu}ç guoefgmg eol9 7& ~l fleznbnl}o mn gaznmnmoz mna 77. nl ag zneg~mgefõl mn fbt~nu}ou

g lf{na aoega! v :& ~lg mfubfl~efõl enzeglg ga 7;. nl ag fl{nzufõl nl flkzgnu}z~e}~zg,

Na }np}o nu}ç ozcglfygmo mn ag ufc~fnl}n bglnzg9 nl ag uneefõl mou un `gen ~lg

zn{fufõl ezâ}feg mn ag af}nzg}~zg w~n {fle~ag g ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga eol na mnunbtn÷o

c~jnzlgbnl}ga, Nl ag uneefõl }znu un tznunl}g ~lg jzn{n mnuezftefõl uojzn aou tg}zolnu

w~n `gl unc~fmo agu {gzfgjanu mn fl}nzæu nl aou ùa}fbou g÷ou v un zntoz}gl aou znu~a}gmou

mn }znu bomnaou mn nu}fbgefõl nu}gmâu}feg, Kflgabnl}n! nl ag uneefõl e~gz}g un eolea~vn

eol ~lg mfue~ufõl w~n j~ueg eol}np}~gafygz aou `gaagycou nl na bgzeo mn ag eznefnl}n

mnuenl}zgafygefõl mn zne~zuou v g}zfj~efolnu w~n `g oe~zzfmo nl l~nu}zo tgâu nl aou

ùa}fbou g÷ou,

FF, Egbjfo toaâ}feo v mnunbtn÷o c~jnzlgbnl}ga9 ag tzobnug mn ~l cojfnzlo bnioz

Na {âle~ao nl}zn eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga v mnunbtn÷o mn cojfnzlo tgz}n mn ag

eolu}g}gefõl mn ~l `ne`o w~n mfkâefabnl}n tomzâg znu~a}gz eol}zo{nzufga9 nl zncâbnlnu



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mnboezç}feou aou ge}oznu toaâ}feou! ungl nu}ou flmf{fm~ou o tgz}fmou! ufc~nl nu}zg}ncfgu

w~n g~bnl}gl u~ tzojgjfafmgm mn cglgz naneefolnu, Mn nu}n `ne`o u~nanl mnzf{gzun o}zgu

fbtafegefolnu gaznmnmoz mn agu e~ganu lo tgznen `gjnz ~l eolunluo unbnigl}n, W~fyçu ag

tzfleftga mn naagu! tnzo lo ag ùlfeg! nu w~n ag mfut~}g eobtn}f}f{g toz na tomnz kg{oznen na

u~zcfbfnl}o mn eolmfefolnu tgzg w~n aou zntznunl}gl}nu v aou nl}nu c~jnzlgbnl}ganu

znutolmgl nkne}f{gbnl}n g agu tznknznlefgu mn ag bgvozâg mn aou ef~mgmglou v zflmgl

e~nl}gu mn u~u geefolnu, Nl eol}zgu}n eol nu}g aâlng mn gzc~bnl}gefõl! mf{nzuou g~}oznu

uou}fnlnl w~n ag enanjzgefõl mn naneefolnu eobtn}f}f{gu mfu}g mn unz eolmfefõl u~kfefnl}n

tgzg ag npfu}nlefg mn ~l cojfnzlo w~n ung znutolugjan kznl}n ga nane}ozgmo v w~nfbtanbnl}n agu toaâ}fegu tznknzfmgu toz ~lg bgvozâg ef~mgmglg, Flea~uo! gac~lou {gl bçu

gaaç ga gkfzbgz w~n! jgio efnz}gu eolmfefolnu! ag mflçbfeg nane}ozga t~nmn eolm~efz g

znu~a}gmou mn toaâ}feg w~n mfkâefabnl}n tomzâgl eolufmnzgzun eobo zntznunl}g}f{ou mn aou

fl}nznunu mn ag ef~mgmglâg, Eol{fnln! toz ao }gl}o! zn{fugz g mn}gaan nu}gu mfu}fl}gu

toufefolnu v u~ znan{glefg tgzg na eguo bnpfeglo,

FF,f Naneefolnu eobo flu}z~bnl}ou mn unaneefõl v znlmfefõl mn e~nl}gu

Eobo un bnlefolõ gl}nzfozbnl}n! ag fl}~fefõl enl}zga mn}zçu mn ao w~n tomzâg

mnlobflgzun eobo ag ‑}nozâg nane}ozga‒ mna eol}zoa c~jnzlgbnl}ga nu ag fmng mn w~n agu

naneefolnu uol egtgenu mn tzom~efz cojnzlgl}nu e~vgu geefolnu nu}çl ozfnl}gmgu g mgz

uoa~efõl g agu mnbglmgu mn aou ef~mgmglou, Naneefolnu afjznu v eobtn}fmgu uoleolenjfmgu eobo ~l bnmfo toz na e~ga aou nane}oznu ninzenl mou bneglfubou mn eol}zoa

uojzn u~u zntznunl}gl}nu9 ag unaneefõl mn aou bnioznu ‑}ftou‒ mn toaâ}feou o tgz}fmou

mfutolfjanu! v ag znboefõl toz ag {âg nane}ozga mn gw~naaou e~vg cnu}fõl lo `gvg ufmo



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ug}fukge}ozfg, Nl na tzfbnz eguo! aou nane}oznu `genl ~l i~fefo tzoutne}f{o uojzn agu

to}nlefganu {nl}gigu mn egmg oknz}g nane}ozga! bfnl}zgu w~n nl na unc~lmo! jgugl u~

mnefufõl nl ~lg n{ga~gefõl zn}zoutne}f{g mna cojfnzlo nl }~zlo:, Eobo eolune~nlefg mna

~uo w~n `genl aou ef~mgmglou mn nu}gu kozbgu mn eol}zoa! aou ge}oznu toaâ}feou gi~u}gzâgl

u~u tzot~nu}gu g agu tznknznlefgu mn aou {o}gl}nu v! kznl}n g ag gbnlgyg mn tnzmnz na tomnz!

}nlmzâgl bnlou flenl}f{ou g fle~zzfz nl tzçe}fegu eol}zgzfgu ga fl}nzæu tùjafeo,

Ag ezâ}feg bçu nanbnl}ga g nu}n gzc~bnl}o un÷gag w~n! nl eolmfefolnu mn znag}f{g

eobtanifmgm eobo agu w~n u~nanl egzge}nzfygz g ag eobtn}nlefg toaâ}feg nl ~l nutgefo

b~a}fmfbnlufolga

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! ag enanjzgefõl mn naneefolnu afjznu v eobtn}fmgu nu flu~kfefnl}n tgzgcgzgl}fygz w~n agu mnefufolnu mn cojfnzlo ungl zntznunl}g}f{gu mn agu tznknznlefgu mn ~lg

bgvozâg, Gmfefolgabnl}n! ag flkozbgefõl w~n }fnlnl g u~ gaeglen aou ef~mgmglou tgzg

i~ycgz aou bæzf}ou mn ag cnu}fõl mna tgz}fmo nl na tomnz v mnefmfz guâ na unl}fmo mn u~ {o}o

nu u~bgbnl}n afbf}gmg toz ao w~n ag znlmfefõl mn e~nl}gu }gbtoeo t~nmn unz eolufmnzgmg

~l znu~a}gmo ‑lg}~zga‒ mn ag eobtn}f}f{fmgm nane}ozga=,

^lg kozbg ‑nlbnlmgmg‒ mn nu}n nlkow~n mg ga bnlou znut~nu}g tgzefga g nu}ou

e~nu}folgbfnl}ou, Uf jfnl agu naneefolnu t~nmnl unz ~l flu}z~bnl}o afbf}gmo tgzg ag

gczncgefõl mn tznknznlefgu! uol }gbjfæl! mn ge~nzmo eol nu}g {nzufõl mna gzc~bnl}o! ag

: Tgzg kflnu mn ag tznunl}n mfue~ufõl nu}g mfu}flefõl lo znu~a}g znan{gl}n t~nu eolm~en g znu~a}gmou ufbfagznu,Ufl nbjgzco! npfu}n ~lg mfue~ufõl fbtoz}gl}n nl ag af}nzg}~zn nl }ozlo ga ~uo w~n `genl aou ef~mgmglou mn u~{o}o, Ninbtaou mn gzc~bnl}ou w~n tolnl ælkgufu nl ag unaneefõl tzoutne}f{g mn eglmfmg}ou (o tgz}fmou& unt~nmnl nleol}zgz nl Zfe`gzm M BeHna{nv! ‑Toafev znag}nm {o}flc glm nane}ozga nw~fafjzf~b‒! Neolobn}zfeg! =59>/;! 763>! tt, 07>"0== v Igbnu Kngzol! S`v ~un nane}folu }o gaaoeg}n tosnz ! bfbno!

U}glkozm ^lf{nzuf}v! :44;, Tgzg na eguo zn}zoutne}f{o {ægun Zojnz} Jgzzo! ‑]`n eol}zoa ok toaf}fefglu9 glneolobfe bomna‒! T~jafe E`ofen! 7=9:! 7635! tt, 76"=:! Bozzfu Kfozflg! Zn}zoutne}f{n {o}flc fl Gbnzfegl

Lg}folga Nane}folu! Lns @g{nl! Vgan ^lf{nzuf}v Tznuu! 76075 Nu mnefz! e~glmo `gv bçu mn ~l }nbg nl ag gcnlmg mn mfue~ufõl tùjafeg w~n fl}nznug g aou ef~mgmglou,= Tgzg ~lg tznunl}gefõl kozbga mn nu}n tzojanbg! {ægun Gmgb Tzynsozuhf!U}g}nu glm Bgzhn}u, G Tzfbnz fl

Toaf}fega Neolobv! Lns Vozh! Egbjzfmcn ^lf{nzuf}v Tznuu! :445, Nl tgz}fe~agz na egtâ}~ao 0 mnmfegmo gaeol}zoa ef~mgmglo mn agu g~}ozfmgmnu, ^lg mfue~ufõl bçu gbtafg uojzn agu afbf}gl}nu mn aou ufu}nbgumnboezç}feou tgzg }obgz mnefufolnu zntznunl}g}f{gu v nkfegenu t~nmn nleol}zgzun nl Jnzlgzm Bglfl n} ga!‑Nane}folu glm Zntznunl}g}fol‒! nl Gmgb Tzynsozuhf! U~ugl U}ohnu v Jnzlgzm Bglfl (nmf}oznu&! Mnboezgev! Geeo~l}gjfaf}v! glm Zntznunl}g}fol! Egbjzfmcn! Egbjzfmcn ^lf{nzuf}v Tznuu! 7666



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bnioz ga}nzlg}f{g mfutolfjan tgzg w~n na cojfnzlo ung znutolugjan mn u~u geefolnu kznl}n g

ag uoefnmgm, Mgmo w~n agu g~}ozfmgmnu nane}gu mnjnl tzo{nnz ~lg unzfn mn unz{fefou v

jfnlnu tùjafeou flmntnlmfnl}nbnl}n mn agu otefolnu mn toaâ}feg w~n uol tznknzfmgu toz aou

nane}oznu! na tzfleftga (v w~fyçu na ùlfeo& flenl}f{o w~n }fnlnl tgzg `genz u~ bnioz

nuk~nzyo nl ag tzo{fufõl mn æu}ou nu ag flenz}fm~bjzn w~n npfu}n nl }ozlo g u~ tnzbglnlefg

nl aou egzcou w~n oe~tgl, Na ozfcnl mn mfe`g flenz}fm~bjzn nu! toz u~t~nu}o! na egzçe}nz

eol}flcnl}n mn aou znu~a}gmou nane}ozganu t~nu nu nu}o ao w~n tnzbf}n w~n ag u~u}f}~efõl mna

tgz}fmo nl na tomnz toz ag {âg nane}ozga ung ~lg toufjfafmgm znga>,

Nl na eol}np}o mn aou cojfnzlou b~lfeftganu nl Bæpfeo! nu}o fbtafegzâg w~n agu~u}f}~efõl mn ag `ncnbolâg tzfâu}g toz ~l ufu}nbg mn tgz}fmou eobtn}f}f{o `gjzâg

znu~a}gmo nl ag bnioz tzo{fufõl mn unz{fefou tùjafeou g egzco mn agu g~}ozfmgmnu aoeganu!

}ganu eobo toafeâg! gc~g to}gjan! v mznlgin uõao toz bnlefolgz aou bçu fbtoz}gl}nu, Nu}g

tzfbnzg {nzufõl ‑eozzncfmg‒ mn ao w~n un `g aagbgmo gw~â ag ‑}nozâg nane}ozga‒ mna eol}zoa

c~jnzlgbnl}ga `g nleol}zgmo eolufmnzgjan gtovo nl mf{nzuou nu}~mfou mn eguo nl l~nu}zo

tgâu;, Ufl nbjgzco! nu}ou glçafufu un nle~nl}zgl cnlnzgabnl}n efze~luezf}ou g ~l cz~to

znm~efmo mn eguou! nl u~ bgvoz tgz}n b~lfeftfou eol ga}ou lf{nanu mn ~zjglfygefõl! ao w~n

> Nu}g fmng nu}g gbtafgbnl}n mnugzzoaagmg nl Gmgb Tzynsozuhf! Mnboezgev glm }`n bgzhn} ! Egbjzfmcn!Egbjzfmcn ^lf{nzuf}v Tznuu! 7667, O}zg aâlng mn gzc~bnl}gefõl u~cfnzn w~n! bçu gaaç mn aou tnuou veol}zgtnuou cnlnzgmou toz ag eobtn}nlefg toaâ}feg! agu tzfleftganu eolune~nlefgu mn æu}g }fnlnl w~n {nz eolna eol}nlfmo bfubo mn agu toaâ}fegu w~n uol fbtanbnl}gmgu, Mn bglnzg bçu nutneâkfeg! nu}g tnzutne}f{gu~toln w~n ag mfut~}g eobtn}f}f{g mn aou t~nu}ou mn naneefõl tot~agz `gen fln{f}gjan w~n aou eolkafe}oumfu}zfj~}f{ou tzn{ganl}nu nl ag uoefnmgm mobflnl ag mfue~ufõl tùjafeg v toz }gl}o aou zntznunl}gl}nu nane}ou

nl agu ~zlgu un {ngl ojafcgmou g g}nlmnzaou, G mfknznlefg mn ao w~n oe~zzn nl ufu}nbgu g~}ozf}gzfou! agfbtoz}glefg mn nu}n }fto mn mfknznlefgu lo t~nmn unz fclozgmg nl ~l zæcfbnl mnboezç}feo toz aou tgz}fmouw~n mfut~}gl na tomnz ao w~n eolm~en g w~n agu g~}ozfmgmnu ~}fafenl agu toaâ}fegu kfueganu v mn cgu}o g u~gaeglen eol kflnu znmfu}zfj~}f{ou, Ga znutne}o t~nmnl {nzun! nl}zn o}zou! aou }zgjgiou mn ]`obgu Zobnz!‑Flmf{fm~ga snakgzn! bgiozf}v {o}flc! glm }`n tzotnz}fnu ok g aflngz fleobn }gp!‒ Io~zlga ok T~jafe

Neolobfeu! =9:! 763>! tt, 7;5"0>! Egzanu Jofp! Mnboezgev glm Znmfu}zfj~}fol! Egbjzfmcn! Egbjzfmcn^lf{nzuf}v Tznuu! :445! v Mgzol Genboca~ v Igbnu Zojfluol! Neolobfe ozfcflu ok mfe}g}ozu`ft glm

mnboezgev! Egbjzfmcn! Egbjzfmcn ^lf{nzuf}v Tznuu! :44>; Tgzg ~lg jzn{n zn{fufõl mn mfe`ou nu}~mfou {nz Fjgzzg n} ga! ‑Ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga…‒!ot, ef},! tt, =34"=3=



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`gen mfkâefa ag cnlnzgafygefõl mn u~u znu~a}gmou3, ^lo mn aou ojin}f{ou mna tznunl}n }zgjgio

mn fl{nu}fcgefõl eolufu}n nl eozzncfz nu}g afbf}gl}n fleoztozglmo ga glçafufu ga bgvoz

lùbnzo toufjan mn b~lfeftfou,

FF,fff Eolune~nlefgu ga}nzlg}f{gu mn ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga

Aou mfu}fl}ou gzc~bnl}ou w~n {nl nl agu naneefolnu flu}z~bnl}ou mn unaneefõl v

znlmfefõl mn e~nl}gu eobtgz}nl ~l nanbnl}o k~lmgbnl}ga w~n aou `gen jagleo mn ~lg

ezâ}feg nl eobùl9 nl u~ egzge}nzfygefõl mna k~lefolgbfnl}o mna ufu}nbg mnboezç}feo! aou

tgz}fmou toaâ}feou mfut~}gl na {o}o mn aou ef~mgmglou jgugmou nl tzot~nu}gu tzoczgbç}fegucnlnzganu w~n j~uegl ug}fukgenz ga bgvoz lùbnzo mn nane}oznu! g ag {ny w~n un mg toz

unl}gmo ag }zglukozbgefõl mn {o}ou nl toaâ}fegu tùjafegu! obf}fnlmo fbtoz}gl}nu tguou mna

tzoenuo toaâ}feo0, Ag n{fmnlefg w~n tzo{nnl l~bnzouou nu}~mfou k~nzg mna eol}np}o

n~zotno v loz}ngbnzfeglo! ufl nbjgzco! tgznen eol}zgmnefz ag fmng mn w~n na

k~lefolgbfnl}o mn aou zncâbnlnu mnboezç}feou ufcg nl }omou aou eguou nu}n tg}zõl mn

eobtn}nlefg toaâ}feg,

Nl efnz}ou eol}np}ou nl aou w~n ag flkozbgefõl uojzn na mnugzzoaao mn ag ge}f{fmgm

c~jnzlgbnl}ga nu u~bgbnl}n tojzn o nl aou w~n agu tzobnugu nane}ozganu jgugmgu nl

eolufmnzgefolnu tzoczgbç}fegu egznenl mn eznmfjfafmgm nl}zn na nane}ozgmo! aou ge}oznu

toaâ}feou mfkâefabnl}n nleol}zgzçl znl}gjan ~lg nu}zg}ncfg jgugmg npea~uf{gbnl}n nl

3 Mou lo}gjanu npentefolnu g nu}g gkfzbgefõl t~nmnl nleol}zgzun nl Bg}}`ns Eangzv! ‑Nane}ozgaeobtn}f}fol! tgz}feftg}fol! glm co{nzlbnl} znutoluf{nlnuu fl Bnpfeo‒! Gbnzfegl Io~zlga ok Toaf}fega

Uefnlen!>79:! :443! tt, :05":66 v Egzaou Boznlo"Igfbnu! ‑Mo eobtn}f}f{n nane}folu tzom~en jn}}nz"w~gaf}vco{nzlbnl}u? N{fmnlen kzob Bnpfegl b~lfeftgaf}fnu! 7664":444‒! Ag}fl Gbnzfegl Znungze` Zn{fns! =:9:!:443! tt, 75;"7>5, Gbjou nu}~mfou un nlkoegl nl ag tzo{fufõl mn gc~g to}gjan v mznlgin v aancgl geolea~ufolnu ufbfagznu g agu w~n un tznunl}gzçl nl nu}n nlugvo bçu gmnagl}n, Ufl nbjgzco! ag flea~ufõl mno}zgu {gzfgjanu guâ eobo efnz}gu mfknznlefgu }nõzfegu v bn}omoaõcfegu `genl mfu}fl}o ga tznunl}n nu}~mfo eolznutne}o g gw~naaou,0 Lo nu egu~ga w~n ag bgvozâg mn aou bomnaou kozbganu mn toaâ}feg nane}ozga nu}æl jgugmou nl nu}ou mounlkow~nu t~nu mfe`g gju}zgeefõl ufbtafkfeg eolufmnzgjanbnl}n na glçafufu,


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0

tzfleftfou fmnoaõcfeou, Nl }ganu efze~lu}glefgu! ag gtafegefõl nkne}f{g mn toaâ}fegu tùjafegu

mn egzçe}nz cnlnzga e~vou jnlnkfefou lo t~nmnl unz tgz}fe~agzfygmou! tomzâg znu~a}gz

eol}zgtzom~enl}n g aou kflnu nane}ozganu mna tgz}fmo nl na tomnz, Nu}gu eolmfefolnu tomzâgl

kg{oznenz na u~zcfbfnl}o (o znkozygbfnl}o& mn znagefolnu mn fl}nzegbjfo toaâ}feo jgugmgu

nl ag nl}zncg mfzne}g mn jfnlnu o unz{fefou eol na kfl mn oj}nlnz na znutgamo lnenugzfo tgzg

aoczgz na }zf~lko nane}ozga6,

Nl }æzbflou mna tznunl}n }zgjgio ao w~n `gjzâg w~n tznc~l}gzun nu ag kozbg nl w~n

na mnugzzoaao mn nu}gu kozbgu mn fl}nzegbjfo toaâ}feo nu}ç znagefolgmg eol ag eobtn}nlefg

nane}ozga, Ag znut~nu}g mfu}g mn unz oj{fg v lo tgznen `gjnz ~l eolunluo eagzo ga znutne}onl ag af}nzg}~zg, Un `g gzc~bnl}gmo! toz ninbtao! w~n na nu}gjanefbfnl}o mn lozbgu w~n

cgzgl}fenl na ninzefefo afjzn mna u~kzgcfo afbf}gzâg ag egtgefmgm mn ~l tgz}fmo toaâ}feo tgzg

nu}gjanenz {âle~aou eafnl}nagznu eol na nane}ozgmo, Ag eobtn}nlefg toaâ}feg `gzâg w~n aou

ge}oznu toaâ}feou nle~nl}znl nl u~ jnlnkfefo ag gtafegefõl mn mfe`gu lozbgu! t~nu

tnzbf}fzâgl ‑lf{nagz na }nzznlo mn i~nco‒ nafbflglmo agu {nl}gigu w~n }zgmfefolgabnl}n

oj}fnln na tgz}fmo nl na tomnz74 nl }æzbflou nane}ozganu czgefgu ga geenuo mfzne}o g

zne~zuou c~jnzlgbnl}ganu mn mfu}fl}o }fto,

6 ]zgmfefolgabnl}n nu}n }fto mn tzçe}fegu un `gl mnlobflgmo eobo ‑eafnl}nagznu‒! }æzbflo w~n un ~ugzç}gbjfæl gw~â, Eol{fnln! ufl nbjgzco! }nlnz tznunl}n w~n ag tgagjzg nu tzojanbç}feg eobo eg}ncozâg mnglçafufu ga bnlou toz mou zgyolnu, Nl tzfbnz a~cgz! u~ {âle~ao eol ag af}nzg}~zg mn ag bomnzlfygefõl `g ufmoeg~ug mn w~n eol kzne~nlefg un eolufmnzn g nu}n knlõbnlo eobo egzge}nzâu}feo mn lgefolnu

u~jmnugzzoaagmgu! ao e~ga lo nu nu}zfe}gbnl}n efnz}o, Nl Igtõl! Jæacfeg v mf{nzugu ef~mgmnu mn aou Nu}gmou^lfmou nu}n }fto mn fl}nzegbjfo toaâ}feo nu eoug mn }omou aou mâgu, Na unc~lmo tzojanbg nu ag eollo}gefõltnvozg}f{g w~n u~nan geobtg÷gz na ~uo mna }æzbflo! ao w~n eolm~en nl kozbg g~}obç}feg g u~ eolmnlgmnumn ~l t~l}o mn {fu}g lozbg}f{o! afbf}glmo l~nu}zg eobtznlufõl mna knlõbnlo, Ag af}nzg}~zg uojzneafnl}nafubo nu {gu}âufbg v ~lg zn{fufõl mn ag bfubg npenmn eol b~e`o aou kflnu mna tznunl}n nlugvo, Uflnbjgzco! ~lg b~v eobtan}g zn{fufõl v ge}~gafygefõl mna }nbg eol nu}~mfou mn tgâunu mn mf{nzugu zncfolnumna b~lmo! flea~vnlmo lgefolnu flm~u}zfgafygmgu t~nmn nleol}zgzun nl @nzjnz} Hf}ue`na} v U}n{nlSfahfluol9 Tg}zolu! Eafnl}u glm Toafefnu! Egbjzfmcn! Egbjzfmcn ^lf{nzuf}v Tznuu! :44374 G nu}n znutne}o un t~nmn {nz tgzg na eguo bnpfeglo na gz}âe~ao mn Iolg}`gl Kop! ‑]`n mfkkfe~a} }zgluf}folkzob Eafnl}nafub }o Ef}fynlu`ft9 Anuuolu kzob Bnpfeo‒! Sozam Toaf}feu! =;9:! 766=! tt, 7>7"70=



6

Ufl nbjgzco! nl {gzfou tgâunu na eafnl}nafubo toaâ}feo lo uõao `g tzn{ganefmo nl

eolmfefolnu mn eobtn}nlefg toaâ}feg! uflo w~n nl oegufolnu un `g {fu}o znkozygmo

tznefugbnl}n toz ag mflçbfeg nane}ozga77, Nl nu}ou eguou aou tgz}fmou toaâ}feou! g tnugz mn

gtovgz agu zncagu w~n afbf}gl ag eogeefõl v eobtzg mn {o}ou! mnugzzoaagl o}zou

bneglfubou tgzg cgzgl}fygz na fl}nzegbjfo mn jfnlnu toz gtovo toaâ}feo, Nu}o u~toln!

nl}zn o}zgu eougu! ag ~}fafygefõl mna cgu}o tùjafeo v ag nu}z~e}~zg gmbflfu}zg}f{g mna

cojfnzlo eol kflnu flmfzne}gbnl}n nane}ozganu! o}ozcglmo jfnlnu }ganu eobo nbtanou o

}zgluknznlefgu boln}gzfgu g aou cz~tou anganu ga tgz}fmo cojnzlgl}n,

Ag fbtoz}glefg mn kozbgu eafnl}nagznu mn fl}nzegbjfo toaâ}feo tgzg na zæcfbnltouzn{oa~efolgzfo nl Bæpfeo `g ufmo gbtafgbnl}n moe~bnl}gmg, Ufl nbjgzco! lo nu

eagzo ao w~n `g oe~zzfmo eol mfe`gu kozbgu mnut~æu mna gzzfjo mn ag eobtn}nlefg

nane}ozga, Nl ~lg eol}zfj~efõl znefnl}n w~n gjozmg ~lg e~nu}fõl ufbfagz! Bgcgaolf! Mâgy

Egvnzou v Nu}n{ny! gzc~bnl}gl w~n na eafnl}nafubo nu ~lg nu}zg}ncfg bnlou nkne}f{g

e~glmo na nane}ozgmo tznunl}g egzge}nzâu}fegu uoefoneolõbfegu bçu `n}nzocælngu v

e~glmo ag eobtn}nlefg toaâ}feg nu ga}g7:, U~ nu}~mfo! ufl nbjgzco! lo gtoz}g flkozbgefõl

nutneâkfeg uojzn ao w~n `g oe~zzfmo nl na lf{na b~lfeftga mn cojfnzlo! t~nu nu}ç jgugmo nl

mnefufolnu }obgmgu eol znutne}o g ag mfu}zfj~efõl mn kolmou mna tzoczgbg ‑Uoafmgzfmgm‒

m~zgl}n ag gmbflfu}zgefõl mn Egzaou Ugaflgu mn Coz}gzf75, Na glçafufu w~n un tznunl}g g

eol}fl~gefõl tzn}nlmn! nl}zn o}zgu eougu! glgafygz agu mnefufolnu mn cgu}o tùjafeo mn aou

77 Nu}o un `g moe~bnl}gmo nl aou eguou mn Jzgufa! Ne~gmoz! Igbgfeg n Flmfg, [nz Hf}ue`na} v Sfahfluol!ot,ef},! tt, 57"55 7: Nu}n gzc~bnl}o u~tolmzâg w~n ag znagefõl nl}zn eafnl}nafubo v eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga nu}ç bnmfgmg toz nalf{na mn mnugzzoaao neolõbfeo9 nl efze~luezftefolnu neolõbfegbnl}n bçu mnugzzoaagmgu na eou}o mn nu}gnu}zg}ncfg `gzâg toeo {fgjan u~ gtafegefõl, Tgzg nu}ou g~}oznu! na TZF ufc~fõ ~lg nu}zg}ncfg mnmf{nzufkfegefõl! zne~zzfnlmo g tzçe}fegu eafnl}nagznu tzfleftgabnl}n nl b~lfeftfou nl aou w~n na zfnuconane}ozga nzg znag}f{gbnl}n ga}o, [nz Jng}zfy Bgcgaolf n} ga! ‑Eafnl}nafub glm toz}koafo mf{nzufkfeg}fol9 gbomna ok nane}ozga fl{nu}bnl} sf}` gttafeg}folu }o Bnpfeo‒! nl Hf}ue`na} v Sfahfluol!ot, ef},! tt, 70:":4>75 Mfe`ou kolmou k~nzol nl}zncgmou g eobf}æu kozbgmou nl }omo na tgâu, Agu g~}ozfmgmnu u~jlgefolganu b~vtoeo }~{fnzol w~n {nz nl ag kozbgefõl mn aou bfubou v! uojzn }omo! nl na ninzefefo mn aou zne~zuou,


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74

cojfnzlou b~lfeftganu nl Bæpfeo nl}zn aou g÷ou mn 7600 v :44: eol na kfl mn mgz

znut~nu}g g nu}n }fto mn fl}nzzocgl}nu,

FFF, Na nkne}o mn ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga nl znu~a}gmou mn cojfnzlo g lf{na aoega

Nl ag tznunl}n uneefõl un mfue~}nl aou znu~a}gmou mna glçafufu nbtâzfeo eol na w~n

un tzn}nlmn n{ga~gz e~çanu `gl ufmo aou nkne}ou mn ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga nl mfu}fl}gu

{gzfgjanu znagefolgmgu eol na ninzefefo c~jnzlgbnl}ga7=, Na tg}zõl cnlnzga w~n `gl

unc~fmo ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga v ag tgz}feftgefõl ef~mgmglg nl aou ùa}fbou g÷ou t~nmn

{nzun mn bglnzg tgz}fe~agzbnl}n fa~u}zg}f{g nl na czçkfeo 7 ({nz glnpo&! nl na e~ga unb~nu}zg ag n{oa~efõl mn nu}gu {gzfgjanu m~zgl}n na tnzâomo 7600":444, Bfnl}zgu w~n ga

flfefo mn nu}n tnzâomo gtnlgu {o}gjgl gaznmnmoz mna 5>. mn aou ef~mgmglou nl naneefolnu

b~lfeftganu v æu}gu gtnlgu nzgl eobtn}fmgu! tgzg na kflga mna tnzâomo nu}o un `gjâg

fl{nz}fmo9 nl ag naneefõl b~lfeftga tzobnmfo tgz}feftgjgl gaznmnmoz mna ;4. mn aou

{o}gl}nu fluezf}ou v ag mfknznlefg mn {o}ou nl}zn na tgz}fmo cglgmoz v na tnzmnmoz nzg b~v

nu}zne`g7>, Ufl nbjgzco! nu}n tg}zõl lo un `g zntzom~efmo mn bglnzg ~lfkozbn nl agu

mfknznl}nu zncfolnu mn Bæpfeo, Bfnl}zgu w~n na tgâu nl u~ eoli~l}o }zgluf}õ mn ag

`ncnbolâg tzfâu}g g ~l ufu}nbg mn tgz}fmou tanlgbnl}n eobtn}f}f{o nl gaznmnmoz mn l~n{n

g÷ou (7600"7663&! aou b~lfeftfou mna tgâu nptnzfbnl}gzol nu}n egbjfo g mfu}fl}gu

‑{naoefmgmnu‒9 gac~lgu ef~mgmnu un ~jfegzol g ag {glc~gzmfg mn nu}n tzoenuo v

nptnzfbnl}gzol ga}ou lf{nanu mn eobtn}f}f{fmgm nane}ozga mnumn aou ùa}fbou g÷ou mn agmæegmg mn 76048 o}zou b~lfeftfou! ufl nbjgzco! }~{fnzol w~n nutnzgz `gu}g `gen b~v

toeo tgzg }nlnz eobtn}nlefg nkne}f{g nl u~u tzoenuou nane}ozganu,

7= Nl na Glnpo : un tznunl}g ~lg mnuezftefõl mn agu {gzfgjanu glgafygmgu v u~u k~nl}nu,7> Znefnl}nbnl}n ag tgz}feftgefõl toaâ}feg nl gac~lgu nl}fmgmnu `g mfubfl~fmo ufclfkfeg}f{gbnl}n, Toz kga}gmn mg}ou mfutolfjanu nu}n mnuenluo lo `g ufmo flea~fmo nl na glçafufu,



77

Nu}gu mfknznlefgu `genl toufjan na glçafufu eobtgzgmo mn agu eolune~nlefgu w~n `g

}nlfmo na fleznbnl}o mn ag eobtn}nlefg toaâ}feg nl ag cnu}fõl c~jnzlgbnl}ga mn aou

b~lfeftfou bnpfeglou, Tgzg `genzao un nu}fbgzol }znu mfu}fl}ou bomnaou nu}gmâu}feou w~n

glgafygl na nkne}o mn ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga nl e~g}zo {gzfgjanu znagefolgmgu eol ag

cnu}fõl aoega9 zneg~mgefõl kfuega! cgu}o nl flkzgnu}z~e}~zg! eojnz}~zg mn mznlgin v

tzo{fufõl mn gc~g to}gjan, Aou znu~a}gmou mn mfe`ou bomnaou un tznunl}gl nl na E~gmzo 7

([nz Glnpo 7&! v un mfue~}nl mn}gaagmgbnl}n g eol}fl~gefõl7;,

FFF,f Na nkne}o mn ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga nl ag zneg~mgefõl kfuega

Ag g~}ozfmgm kfuega mn aou b~lfeftfou nl Bæpfeo nu znag}f{gbnl}n nuegug, Un

znm~en g ag zneg~mgefõl mna fbt~nu}o tznmfga! ga eojzo mn mnzne`ou tgzg nptnmfz afenlefgu

v tnzbfuou! v g aou egzcou toz aou unz{fefou tùjafeou w~n tzo{nnl g ag tojagefõl, G tnugz

mn eol}gz eol flu}z~bnl}ou fbtouf}f{ou unbnigl}nu! na nuk~nzyo kfuega mnutancgmo toz aou

b~lfeftfou nl Bæpfeo {gzâg eolufmnzgjanbnl}n mn ~lg zncfõl g o}zg, Uf jfnl uol mf{nzugu

agu eg~ugu w~n nptafegl mfe`gu mfknznlefgu! un nptaozg gw~â ag toufjfafmgm mn w~n ~lg mn

naagu ung ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga, Aou znu~a}gmou mn aou }znu bomnaou nu}gmâu}feou gt~l}gl

nl ag bfubg mfzneefõl9 ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga tgznen }nlnz ~l nkne}o u~u}glefga nl ag

zneg~mgefõl b~lfeftga, Nl }omgu agu nutnefkfegefolnu na eonkfefnl}n znu~a}g touf}f{o v

nu}gmâu}fegbnl}n ufclfkfeg}f{o, Ao w~n nu bçu! ag bgclf}~m v ufclo mn nu}g guoefgefõl uol

fmæl}feou nl ag nu}fbgefõl mn tzfbnzgu mfknznlefgu v mn nkne}ou kfiou, Na nkne}o t~nmn unzfl}nztzn}gmo eobo ~l fleznbnl}o mn 77. nl ag zneoaneefõl mn fbt~nu}ou e~glmo

eobtgzgbou b~lfeftfou eol l~ag v ga}g eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga,

7; Ag mfue~ufõl uojzn agu egzge}nzâu}fegu mn egmg bomnao nu ~l }gl}o }æelfeg toz ao w~n un `g tznknzfmoflea~fzag ga kflga mna moe~bnl}o nl na Glnpo :,



7:

Lo nu eagzo! ufl nbjgzco! na bneglfubo w~n nptafeg nu}g znagefõl, Toz ~l agmo! ag

mfue~ufõl mnugzzoaagmg nl ag uneefõl tzn{fg tzo{nn gac~lou bo}f{ou tgzg {fle~agz g ag

eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga eol na nuk~nzyo kfuega mn aou b~lfeftfou, Mnumn ~lg tnzutne}f{g mn

znlmfefõl mn e~nl}gu! na fleznbnl}o nl ag eobtn}f}f{fmgm mn agu naneefolnu }nlmzâg eobo

eolune~nlefg ag fbtanbnl}gefõl mn bnmfmgu w~n g~bnl}nl ag nkfefnlefg zneg~mg}ozfg }ganu

eobo ag nafbflgefõl mn npnlefolnu v ag gbtafgefõl mn ag jgun kfuega toz bnlefolgz

gac~lou, Tnzo nu}n znu~a}gmo tomzâg }gbjfæl oe~zzfz toz o}zgu zgyolnu v aou mg}ou

mfutolfjanu lo lou tnzbf}nl mfu}flc~fz nl}zn g~bnl}ou nl ag zneg~mgefõl kz~}o mn bniozgu

gmbflfu}zg}f{gu o ufbtanbnl}n mna fleznbnl}o nl agu }gugu v nl aou }ftou mn fbt~nu}ou w~ntgcgl aou ef~mgmglou, Nl }omo eguo! ao w~n un t~nmn gkfzbgz nu w~n ag eobtn}nlefg

nane}ozga tgznen unz ~lg k~nl}n mn tznufõl tgzg w~n agu g~}ozfmgmnu nane}gu nkne}ùnl

bgvoznu nuk~nzyou tgzg `genzun mn zne~zuou,

FFF,ff Na nkne}o mn ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga nl na cgu}o tùjafeo

Na bol}o mn aou zne~zuou ninzefmou gl~gabnl}n toz na eoli~l}o mn aou b~lfeftfou

nl Bæpfeo nw~f{gan gtzopfbgmgbnl}n ga oe`o toz efnl}o mna cgu}o tùjafeo }o}ga nl

l~nu}zo tgâu73, Nu fllncgjan w~n nu}g efkzg b~nu}zg ag toufefõl mn znag}f{g mnjfafmgm nl ag

w~n un nle~nl}zgl aou cojfnzlou aoeganu nl eobtgzgefõl eol aou o}zou mou õzmnlnu mn

cojfnzlo, Ufl nbjgzco! aou ùa}fbou g÷ou `gl ufmo }nu}fcou mn ~lg }zglukozbgefõl

tg~ag}flg tnzo uou}nlfmg mn agu kflglygu tùjafegu b~lfeftganu9 nl}zn 7606 v :44= aouflcznuou mn agu g~}ozfmgmnu b~lfeftganu eznefnzol g ~l zf}bo mn 0,65. gl~ga nl

73 Æu}g v agu ufc~fnl}nu efkzgu bnlefolgmgu nl nu}n tçzzgko k~nzol egae~agmgu eol jgun nl mg}ou mna Ufu}nbgmn E~nl}gu Lgefolganu mn Bæpfeo mna FLNCF (̀ }}t9//mcelnuvt,flncf,coj,bp/ecf"sfl/jmfnfl}uf,npn&! mnOEMN! Zn{nl~n U}g}fu}feu 76;>":44=! Tgzfu! :44> v mn FLNCF! Kflglygu Tùjafegu Nu}g}ganu v B~lfeftganumn Bæpfeo :447":44=! Gc~guegafnl}nu! :44;



75

tzobnmfo! ao w~n ufclfkfeg w~n {fnzol }zftafegmou u~u tznu~t~nu}ou nl ~l agtuo mn gtnlgu

w~flen g÷ou, Nu}g }nlmnlefg un nptafeg nl czgl bnmfmg toz na fleznbnl}o nl agu

}zgluknznlefgu w~n anu uol gufclgmgu {âg aou kolmou mn tgz}feftgefolnu v gtoz}gefolnu v! nl

bnloz bnmfmg! toz na g~bnl}o nl ag zneg~mgefõl kfuega b~lfeftga ([nz Czçkfeo :&, G ag

a~y mn nu}ou mg}ou! eoloenz ag kozbg nl w~n un ninzen na cgu}o tùjafeo b~lfeftga }obg

tgz}fe~agz fbtoz}glefg, Tgzg n{ga~gz na nkne}o mn ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga nl agu

mnefufolnu mn cgu}o mn aou gv~l}gbfnl}ou nl Bæpfeo! un `gl gcz~tgmo aou ncznuou

b~lfeftganu nl mou eg}ncozâgu9 ojzg tùjafeg v cgu}o eozzfnl}n70, Toz zgyolnu mn nutgefo un

tznunl}gl gw~â ùlfegbnl}n aou znu~a}gmou znknznl}nu g ag tzfbnzg mn nu}gu mou {gzfgjanu

76

,Nl aâlng eol ag mfue~ufõl mnugzzoaagmg nl ag uneefõl tzn{fg! t~nmnl kozb~agzun mou

`ftõ}nufu w~n {fle~agl g ag eobtn}nlefg toaâ}feg eol na cgu}o nl flkzgnu}z~e}~zg (ojzg

tùjafeg&, Toz ~l agmo! uf agu naneefolnu nkne}f{gbnl}n ufz{nl eobo bneglfubou mn

unaneefõl v znlmfefõl mn e~nl}gu nl ~l eol}np}o nl na e~ga aou tgz}fmou mnugzzoaagl

nu}zg}ncfgu tzoczgbç}fegu! unzâg zgyolgjan u~tolnz w~n na fleznbnl}o nl ag eobtn}f}f{fmgm

mn aou eobfefou eolm~efzâg g ~l g~bnl}o nl ag fl{nzufõl nl jfnlnu v unz{fefou tùjafeou,

Toz o}zo agmo! uf ag mfut~}g nane}ozga egznen mn nu}gu egzge}nzâu}fegu! nu toufjan w~n na

tgz}fmo mna cojfnzlo nl }~zlo eolufmnzn eobo ~lg bnioz nu}zg}ncfg ag mfu}zfj~efõl mn

jnlnkfefou tgz}fe~agzfygmou! }ganu eobo nbtanou v }zgluknznlefgu tgzg aou cz~tou w~n an

uol anganu,

Aou znu~a}gmou mn aou }znu bomnaou nu}gmâu}feou flmfegl w~n ag eobtn}nlefgnane}ozga nu}ç guoefgmg eol ~lg znm~eefõl nl ag fl{nzufõl nl flkzgnu}z~e}~zg, Uf jfnl agu

bgclf}~mnu mfkfnznl! na nkne}o nu! nl }omou aou eguou! nu}gmâu}fegbnl}n ufclfkfeg}f{o v mn

70 Nu}o npea~vn na cgu}o mnu}flgmo g tgcgz mn~mg tùjafeg,76 Aou znu~a}gmou znknznl}nu ga cgu}o eozzfnl}n uol eolufu}nl}nu eol na glçafufu gw~â tznunl}gmo v nu}çlmfutolfjanu g tn}fefõl mna fl}nznugmo,



7=

ufclo lncg}f{o, Ag nu}fbgefõl bçu eolunz{gmozg flmfeg w~n ~l cojfnzlo u~zcfmo mn ~lg

naneefõl ga}gbnl}n eobtn}fmg fl{fnz}n nl tzobnmfo ~l 7;. bnlou nl ojzg tùjafeg nl

eobtgzgefõl eol ~l cojfnzlo nane}o nl eolmfefolnu mn nuegug eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga,

FFF,fff Na nkne}o mn ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga nl ag eojnz}~zg mn unz{fefou

Aou b~lfeftfou nl Bæpfeo uol znutolugjanu mn ag tzo{fufõl mn efnz}ou unz{fefou

tùjafeou nl}zn aou w~n mnu}gegl na gc~g to}gjan v gaegl}gzfaagmo, Tzojgjanbnl}n eobo

eolune~nlefg mna fleznbnl}o nl aou zne~zuou w~n aou gv~l}gbfnl}ou `gl znefjfmo tgzg

zngafygz ojzgu mn flkzgnu}z~e}~zg g }zg{æu mn aou kolmou mn tgz}feftgefolnu v gtoz}gefolnub~lfeftganu! ag eojnz}~zg mn gbjou `g g~bnl}gmo eolufmnzgjanbnl}n nl aou ùa}fbou

g÷ou:4, Ag fbtoz}glefg w~n }fnln na geenuo gmne~gmo g nu}ou unz{fefou `gen tnlugz w~n un

}zg}g mn mou çzngu mn tgz}fe~agz fl}nzæu tgzg ag ef~mgmglâg g lf{na aoega! toz ao w~n

eol{fnln tznc~l}gzun uf! bçu gaaç mna fleznbnl}o nl agu }zgluknznlefgu w~n znefjnl aou

cojfnzlou aoeganu! ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga `g }nlfmo gaco w~n {nz eol mfe`gu bniozgu, Nu

tznefugbnl}n eol znutne}o g nu}ou unz{fefou w~n na nlkow~n mn znlmfefõl mn e~nl}gu okznen

~lg `ftõ}nufu w~n znagefolg eagzgbnl}n g ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga eol na mnunbtn÷o

c~jnzlgbnl}ga9 uf agu naneefolnu tzob~n{nl ~l cojfnzlo w~n znutolmn mn bglnzg bçu

nkne}f{g g agu mnbglmgu mn u~u ef~mgmglou! unzâg zgyolgjan u~tolnz w~n na fleznbnl}o nl

ag eobtn}f}f{fmgm mn aou eobfefou eolm~efzâg g ~lg bniozg nl ag tzo{fufõl mn aou unz{fefou

mn gc~g to}gjan v mznlgin,Ufl nbjgzco! nu}g nptne}g}f{g lo un {n znutgamgmg toz aou mg}ou9 mou mn aou

bomnaou nu}gmâu}feou b~nu}zgl ~lg guoefgefõl bomnu}g nl}zn ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga v ag

:4 Uncùl nu}fbgefolnu mn EOLGTO! nl}zn 7664 v :44>! na tozenl}gin mn tojagefõl w~n znufmn nl {f{fnlmguw~n lo mfutolnl mn gc~g nl}~jgmg lf mznlgin un znm~io mn :=. g 7:,:. v mn =4,5. g 7>,>.znutne}f{gbnl}n, Eob~lfegmo mn Tznlug 4>/43 ! Bæpfeo! EOLGTO! :443



7>

eojnz}~zg mn mznlgin! tnzo mfe`g eozznagefõl lo un nleol}zõ nl ag nu}fbgefõl mn tzfbnzgu

mfknznlefgu ao w~n ag `gen toeo eolkfgjan, Gaco ufbfagz oe~zzn eol na gc~g to}gjan9 uõao

nl ~lo mn aou bomnaou un nleol}zõ ~l an{n nkne}o lncg}f{o mn ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga nl

na tozenl}gin mn òcgznu eol geenuo g nu}n unz{fefo, Toz ao }gl}o! lo t~nmn gkfzbgzun w~n

ag enanjzgefõl mn naneefolnu eobtn}f}f{gu `gvg }nlfmo `gu}g gòzg eobo eolune~nlefg ~lg

bnioz tzo{fufõl mn unz{fefou tùjafeou, Nl na bnioz mn aou eguou lo `g }nlfmo lflcùl

nkne}o8 nl na tnoz! mfeò nkne}o `g ufmo lncg}f{o,

F[, Eolea~ufolnuNl agu ùa}fbgu tçcflgu un `gl glgafygmo gac~lgu mn agu eolune~nlefgu mna znefnl}n

tzoenuo mn mnboezg}fygefõl nl Bæpfeo g lf{na b~lfeftga nptaozglmo aou nkne}ou mn ag

eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga nl e~g}zo {gzfgjanu {fle~agmgu eol na mnunbtn÷o c~jnzlgbnl}ga9

zneg~mgefõl! cgu}o nl flkzgnu}z~e}~zg v ag eojnz}~zg mn mznlgin v gc~g to}gjan, Na glçafufu

nbtâzfeo k~n c~fgmo }nõzfegbnl}n toz mou kgbfafgu mn gzc~bnl}ou w~n afmfgl eol ag

eobtanig znagefõl nl}zn naneefolnu! eobtn}nlefg tgz}fmfu}g v znu~a}gmou mn cojfnzlo, Ag

tzfbnzg mn naagu gzc~bnl}g w~n ag enanjzgefõl mn eobfefou eobtn}f}f{ou nu k~lmgbnl}ga

tgzg ag fbtanbnl}gefõl mn toaâ}fegu w~n ufz{gl ga fl}nzæu tùjafeo t~nu tzo{nnl ~l

bneglfubo w~n {fle~ag na gzzfjo v ag tnzbglnlefg nl na tomnz mn aou cojnzlgl}nu g ag

egafmgm mn u~ cnu}fõl! eoaoeglmo aou flenl}f{ou eozzne}ou tgzg ~l bnioz mnunbtn÷o:7, Ag

unc~lmg nlkg}fyg ag fbtoz}glefg mn glgafygz kozbgu ga}nzlg}f{gu mn fl}nzegbjfo toaâ}feo!

:7 Eobo un bnlefolõ gl}nzfozbnl}n! npfu}n o}zg {nz}fnl}n lo nptaozgmg nl nu}n }zgjgio w~n uou}fnln w~n agtzfleftga eolune~nlefg mn ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga eolufu}n nl bomfkfegz u~u}glefgabnl}n agu mnefufolnukfueganu v mn cgu}o mn aou cojfnzlou eobo znu~a}gmo mn tznufolnu znmfu}zfj~}f{gu ninzefmgu toz na nane}ozgmo,Nu}o aou eolm~en g g~bnl}gz ag zneg~mgefõl v ag fl{nzufõl mnu}flgmg g ag tzo{fufõl mn jfnlnu v unz{fefoutùjafeou, [nz lo}g



7;

}ganu eobo znagefolnu eafnl}nagznu w~n mgl tfn g ag fbtanbnl}gefõl mn toaâ}fegu w~n

j~uegl eoluoafmgz ~l {âle~ao nu}zne`o nl}zn aou {o}gl}nu v na tgz}fmo nl na tomnz,

Lo `g ufmo na ojin}f{o enl}zga mn nu}n nlugvo mn}nzbflgz uf agu naneefolnu nl

b~lfeftfou bnpfeglou tzo{nnl n{fmnlefg mnefuf{g g kg{oz mn gac~lo mn nu}ou nlkow~nu,

Ufl nbjgzco! ag mfue~ufõl mn nu}ou gzc~bnl}ou k~n ù}fa tgzg nl}nlmnz e~çlmo v toz w~æ agu

naneefolnu tomzâgl nu}gz guoefgmgu eol efnz}ou znu~a}gmou, Nu}o tnzbf}fõ `genz ~lg

n{ga~gefõl ufu}nbç}feg mn e~çanu `gl ufmo aou nkne}ou mna fleznbnl}o nl ag eobtn}nlefg

nane}ozga g lf{na aoega, Na glçafufu nbtâzfeo bou}zõ mou `gaagycou w~n {gan ag tnlg znuga}gz9

na g~bnl}o nl ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga nl agu naneefolnu b~lfeftganu m~zgl}n na tnzâomo7600":44: nu}ç guoefgmg eol9 7& ~l fleznbnl}o u~u}glefga nl ag zneg~mgefõl mn fbt~nu}ou

tnz eçtf}g! v :& ~lg mfubfl~efõl eolufmnzgjan mn ag fl{nzufõl nl flkzgnu}z~e}~zg tnz

eçtf}g, Aou znu~a}gmou eol znutne}o g ag eojnz}~zg mn aou unz{fefou tùjafeou lo k~nzol

eolea~vnl}nu,

Nu mfkâefa! eol ag flkozbgefõl mfutolfjan! mfu}flc~fz na bneglfubo tznefuo w~n

tnzbf}n guoefgz na fleznbnl}o nl ag zneg~mgefõl kfuega eol ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga, Toz

~l agmo tomzâg gzc~bnl}gzun w~n nu}g ùa}fbg `g tzo{oegmo ~lg bgvoz tznufõl ef~mgmglg

uojzn agu g~}ozfmgmnu! ao w~n agu `g aan{gmo g nkfefnl}gz ag zneoaneefõl mn fbt~nu}ou, Ufl

nbjgzco! aou znu~a}gmou znknznl}nu ga cgu}o tùjafeo v ag eojnz}~zg mn unz{fefou tagl}ngl

o}zgu fl}nzzocgl}nu w~n mnjnzçl unz nptaozgmgu toz nu}~mfou mn fl{nu}fcgefõl w~n

fleoztoznl bçu flkozbgefõl ga glçafufu! vg ung toz bnmfo mn nu}~mfou mn eguo w~n {gvglbçu gaaç mn aou czglmnu enl}zou ~zjglou }âtfegbnl}n glgafygmou nl ag af}nzg}~zg! o g }zg{æu

mn ag eolu}z~eefõl mn jgunu mn mg}ou w~n flea~vgl o}zou flmfegmoznu bçu tznefuou uojzn ag

cnu}fõl c~jnzlgbnl}ga g lf{na aoega,



73

Nl u~ eoli~l}o! ufl nbjgzco! aou znu~a}gmou mna glçafufu nbtâzfeo tznunl}gmou nl ag

uneefõl gl}nzfoz `genl toeo tzojgjan ag `ftõ}nufu mn w~n ag enanjzgefõl mn naneefolnu

eobtn}fmgu `gvg znu~a}gmo `gu}g g`ozg nl ~lg bnioz cnu}fõl c~jnzlgbnl}ga g lf{na aoega9

bçu gaaç mn w~n nu}g ùa}fbg nu}ç guoefgmg eol ~l fleznbnl}o nl ag zneg~mgefõl kfuega! na

`ne`o mn w~n aou cojfnzlou b~lfeftganu u~zcfmou jgio eolmfefolnu mn ga}g eobtn}nlefg

toaâ}feg tznkfnznl fl{nz}fz eobtgzg}f{gbnl}n bnlou nl ojzgu mn flkzgnu}z~e}~zg v unz{fefou

nu b~nu}zg mn w~n na ‑bnzegmo nane}ozga‒ lo kg{oznen g aou tgz}fmou w~n! ~lg {ny nl na

cojfnzlo! fbtanbnl}gl nu}zg}ncfgu mn cgu}o tùjafeo eol ojin}f{ou mn agzco tagyo,



70

Glnpo 7, Czçkfeou v e~gmzou

)Ag eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga nu bnmfmg toz bnmfo mna ufc~fnl}n âlmfen9 FEN 2 . {o}ou mna unc~lmo a~cgz/. {o}ou mnacglgmoz, Nu}n âlmfen k~n tzot~nu}o toz Gakoluo @nzlçlmny, [nz Gakoluo @nzlçlmny! ‑Agu naneefolnu mn 7663 v naKnmnzgafubo nl Bæpfeo9 Nkne}ou mn ag eobtn}f}f{fmgm nane}ozga nl ag g~}olobâg zncfolga v ag ~lfmgm mn aou tgz}fmoutoaâ}feou‒! Bæpfeo! EFMN (Moe~bnl}o mn ]zgjgio! Mf{fufõl mn Nu}~mfou Toaâ}feou! 64&! 7660K~nl}n9 Eçae~aou tzotfou eol flkozbgefõl mn Gagfl mn Znbnu! Jgun mn mg}ou nane}ozganu g lf{na b~lfeftga ! Bæpfeo! EFMN!:444 (Mfueo eobtge}o&

K~nl}n9 Eçae~aou tzotfou eol flkozbgefõl mn FLNCF

Czçkfeo :, Zneg~mgefõl kfuega v }zgluknznlefgu(Tzobnmfo gl~ga&

4

>!444!444

74!444!444

7>!444!444

:4!444!444

:>!444!444

54!444!444

5>!444!444

=4!444!444

=>!444!444

7606 7664 7667 766: 7665 766= 766> 766; 7663 7660 7666 :444 :447 :44: :445 :44= G÷o

Zneg~mgefõl]zgluknznlefgu

Tnuou mn :44:

Czçkfeo 7, Eobtn}nlefg) v tgz}feftgefõl nane}ozga nl eobfefou b~lfeftganu(Tzobnmfo gl~ga9 7600":444&

4

4,7

4,:

4,5

4,=

4,>

4,;

4,3

4,0

4,6

7600 7606 7664 7667 766: 7665 766= 766> 766; 7663 7660 7666 :444

Eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga

Tgz}feftgefõl



:4

Glnpo :Mg}ou v nu}zg}ncfg mn nu}fbgefõl nu}gmâu}feg

F, Mg}ou

Tgzg na tznunl}n }zgjgio mn fl{nu}fcgefõl un ~}fafyõ ~lg jgun mn mg}ou ‑tglna‒:5 w~n flea~vnojunz{gefolnu mn }omou aou b~lfeftfou tgzg aou e~ganu `gjâg flkozbgefõl mfutolfjan :=, Egmgb~lfeftfo enanjzg naneefolnu egmg }znu g÷ou toz ao w~n aou mg}ou mn }omgu agu {gzfgjanu `gl ufmogczncgmou nl efleo efeaou nane}ozganu9 7nz efeao (7600"7664&! :mo efeao (7667"7665&! 5nz efeao(766="766;&! =}o efeao (7663"7666&! >}o efeao (:444":44:&, Nu guâ w~n na tglna eol}fnln efleomfknznl}nu ojunz{gefolnu tgzg egmg b~lfeftfo, G eol}fl~gefõl un mnuezfjnl egmg ~lg mn agu{gzfgjanu ~}fafygmgu nl na glçafufu,

f& [gzfgjanu mntnlmfnl}nu, Un nu}fbgzol }znu mfknznl}nu bomnaou nu}gmâu}feou tgzg egmg ~lo mnaou ufc~fnl}nu flmfegmoznu (aou znu~a}gmou t~nmnl {nzun nl na Glnpo 7&9

g& Zneg~mgefõl b~lfeftga (tnz eçtf}g&, Flea~vn aou flcznuou b~lfeftganu tozeolent}o mn fbt~nu}ou! unz{fefou! mnzneòu v gtzo{ne`gbfnl}ou, Aou mg}ou k~nzoloj}nlfmou mna Ufu}nbg B~lfeftga mn Jgunu mn Mg}ou mna FLNCF, Tgzg kflnu mn ag

nu}fbgefõl nu}gmâu}feg un ~}fafyõ ag }zglukozbgefõl aocgzâ}bfeg mn nu}g {gzfgjan,j& Cgu}o nl flkzgnu}z~e}~zg (tnz eçtf}g&, Flea~vn agu nzocgefolnu toz eolent}o mnojzg tùjafeg, Aou mg}ou k~nzol oj}nlfmou mna Ufu}nbg B~lfeftga mn Jgunu mn Mg}oumna FLNCF, Ga fc~ga w~n nl na eguo mn ag zneg~mgefõl! tgzg kflnu mn ag nu}fbgefõlnu}gmâu}feg un ~}fafyõ ag }zglukozbgefõl aocgzâ}bfeg mn nu}g {gzfgjan,

e& Tzo{fufõl mn gc~g to}gjan, Tozenl}gin mn òcgznu eol geenuo g gc~g to}gjan, Aoumg}ou k~nzol oj}nlfmou mn flkozbgefõl enluga mn FLNCF,

m& Eojnz}~zg mn mznlgin:>, Tozenl}gin mn òcgznu w~n e~nl}gl eol mznlgin, Aou mg}ouk~nzol oj}nlfmou mn flkozbgefõl enluga mn FLNCF,

ff& [gzfgjanu flmntnlmfnl}nu9

g& Eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga, Bnmfmg g }zg{æu mna âlmfen mn eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga

egae~agmo mn ag ufc~fnl}n kozbg9 FEN 2 . {o}ou mna unc~lmo a~cgz/. {o}ou mnacglgmoz:;, Ag flkozbgefõl nane}ozga tzo{fnln mn Gagfl mn Znbnu! Jgun mn mg}ou

nane}ozganu g lf{na b~lfeftga (Mfueo eobtge}o&! Bæpfeo! EFMN! :447 v mn aouFlu}f}~}ou Nu}g}ganu Nane}ozganu,

j& Tgz}feftgefõl, Tozenl}gin mn tgz}feftgefõl ef~mgmglg nl aou eobfefou,e& Flcznuo tnz eçtf}g nu}g}ga, Agu unzfnu gl~ganu tgzg egmg nu}gmo k~nzol oj}nlfmgu mn

FLNCF,m& TNG z~zga, Tozenl}gin mn ag Tojagefõl Neolõbfegbnl}n Ge}f{g nbtangmg nl na

une}oz tzfbgzfo, Oj}nlfmo mn flkozbgefõl enluga mn FLNCF,n& Czgmo mn bgzcflgefõl, Flmfegmoz w~n tolmnzg l~n{n {gzfgjanu uoefoneolõbfegu9

tojagefõl glgakgjn}g! tojagefõl ufl tzfbgzfg! tojagefõl ufl mznlgin lf unz{fefouglf}gzfo npea~uf{o! tojagefõl ufl mfutolfjfafmgm mn nlnzcâg naæe}zfeg! tojagefõl uflgc~g nl}~jgmg! `geflgbfnl}o! {f{fnlmgu eol tfuo mn }fnzzg! tojagefõl nl aoegafmgmnu

mn bnlou mn > 444 `gjf}gl}nu v tojagefõl eol flcznuou mn `gu}g mou ugagzfoubâlfbou, Oj}nlfmo mn flkozbgefõl enluga mn FLNCF,

:5 Nu mnefz! eol}fnln mg}ou mn agu bfubgu ~lfmgmnu mn glçafufu (b~lfeftfou& nl {gzfou tnzâomou,:= Ag jgun mn mg}ou e~nl}g eol flkozbgefõl mn 7!0;= b~lfeftfou mn ~l }o}ga mn :!=56 w~n `gv nl Bæpfeo,:> Ag tzo{fufõl mn nu}ou mou unz{fefou (gc~g to}gjan v mznlgin& nu ~lg g}zfj~efõl b~lfeftga mn ge~nzmo eol aonu}gjanefmo nl na flefuo g&! kzgeefõl FFF mna gz}âe~ao 77> eolu}f}~efolga,:; [nz Gakoluo @nzlçlmny! ‑Agu naneefolnu mn 7663 v na Knmnzgafubo nl Bæpfeo9 Nkne}ou mn ag eobtn}f}f{fmgmnane}ozga nl ag g~}olobâg zncfolga v ag ~lfmgm mn aou tgz}fmou toaâ}feou‒! ot, ef}



:7

k& Âlmfen mn mnufc~gamgm, Nl g~unlefg mn ~l flmfegmoz eobo na eonkfefnl}n mn Cflf! uneolu}z~võ ~l âlmfen mn mnufc~gamgm w~n znu~a}g mn b~a}ftafegz na TFJ tnz eçtf}gb~lfeftga toz na tozenl}gin mn ag tojagefõl neolõbfegbnl}n ge}f{g eol ~l flcznuobnloz g mou ugagzfou bâlfbou,

FF, Bomnaou mn nu}fbgefõl nu}gmâu}feg

Aou znu~a}gmou nu}gmâu}feou tznunl}gmou nl aou e~gmzou mna Glnpo 7 uol tzom~e}o mn }znumfknznl}nu bomnaou mn nu}fbgefõl, Nl nu}n gtgz}gmo un mfue~}nl jzn{nbnl}n agu egzge}nzâu}fegu mnegmg bomnao v u~u {nl}gigu nl }æzbflou mn flknznlefg nu}gmâu}feg, ]ga eobo k~n gzc~bnl}gmo nlag uneefõl }znu mna moe~bnl}o! }gl}o agu {gzfgjanu flmntnlmfnl}nu (eobtn}nlefg nane}ozga!tgz}feftgefõl v eol}zoanu&! eobo agu mntnlmfnl}nu (zneg~mgefõl! fl{nzufõl nl flkzgnu}z~e}~zg veojnz}~zg mn unz{fefou& {gzâgl mn bglnzg fbtoz}gl}n cnoczçkfeg v }nbtozgabnl}n m~zgl}n natnzâomo mn nu}~mfo, Na glçafufu mn jgunu mn mg}ou ‑tglna‒ nu tgz}fe~agzbnl}n zneobnlmgjan nlnu}n }fto mn eguou t~nu tnzbf}n na unc~fbfnl}o mn agu bfubgu ~lfmgmnu mn ojunz{gefõl g ao agzcomna }fnbto,

f& Bomnao mn bâlfbou e~gmzgmou ozmflgzfou eol mg}ou eobjflgmou ( Tooanm OAU&

Tgzg egmg ~lg mn agu {gzfgjanu mntnlmfnl}nu glgafygmgu (zneg~mgefõl! cgu}o nl flkzgnu}z~e}~zg! veojnz}~zg mn unz{fefou& na tzfbnz bomnao nu}fbgmo k~n na mn bâlfbou e~gmzgmou ozmflgzfou,Mfe`o bomnao t~nmn unz mnuezf}o kozbgabnl}n mn ag ufc~fnl}n kozbg:39

f} f} } f} { pm v 744 :

molmn f} v nu na {gaoz mn ag {gzfgjan mntnlmfnl}n:0! na }æzbflo m:} nu ~lg {gzfgjan ‑m~bbv‒

eozznutolmfnl}n ga unc~lmo (}nzenz! n}e& tnzâomo v un flea~vn tgzg egt}~zgz egbjfou }nlmnlefganulo znagefolgmou eol agu {gzfgjanu mn fl}nzæu, Na }æzbflo pf} eozznutolmn ga eoli~l}o mn {gzfgjanuflmntnlmfnl}nu! flea~vnlmo eol}zoanu, Kflgabnl}n! {f} nu na nzzoz nu}gmâu}feo! v t~nmnmnueobtolnzun nl mou tgz}nu9 {f} 2 gf ~f} ! w~n eozznutolmnl g kge}oznu lo ojunz{gjanu w~n nl~l eguo {gzâgl eol na }fnbto (~f} & v nl na o}zo lo (gf&,

Nu}g nutnefkfegefõl t~nmn unz tzojanbç}feg nl na eguo mn w~n npfu}g eozznagefõl nl}znkge}oznu lo ojunz{gmou eol}nlfmou nl na nzzoz ({f} & v e~gaw~fnzg mn agu {gzfgjanu nptafeg}f{gu (o

flmntnlmfnl}nu&, Uf nu}o nu guâ! ag guoefgefõl nu}gjanefmg nl}zn aou zncznuoznu v ag {gzfgjanmntnlmfnl}n tomzâg unz nzzõlng, Nl }æzbflou bçu tznefuou! nl tznunlefg mn nu}n tzojanbg aounu}fbgmoznu oj}nlfmou toz na bæ}omo mn bâlfbou e~gmzgmou ozmflgzfou unzâgl unucgmou nfleolufu}nl}nu, Gkoz}~lgmgbnl}n! na ~uo mn mg}ou tglna tnzbf}n nu}fbgz o}zou bomnaou w~nznu~na{nl ga bnlou tgz}n mn nu}n tzojanbg,

ff& Bomnao mn tzfbnzgu mfknznlefgu

Na bomnao mn tzfbnzgu mfknznlefgu tnzbf}n nu}fbgz na nkne}o w~n }fnlnl aou egbjfou nl agu{gzfgjanu flmntnlmfnl}nu mn ~l tnzfomo g o}zo nl aou egbjfou mn ag {gzfgjan mntnlmfnl}n, Tgzgfa~u}zgz nu}n t~l}o! eolufmæznun na eçae~ao mn nu}n bomnao nl mou tnzâomou9

77747 ffff~g p v tgzg } 2 7

::744: &( ffff~g p v tgzg } 2 :

Tgzg oj}nlnz agu ‑tzfbnzgu mfknznlefgu‒! un u~u}zgn ag ne~gefõl tgzg } 2 7 mn ag ne~gefõl tgzg } 2

: nl ag ufc~fnl}n kozbg9

:3 Tgzg ufbtafkfegz ag lo}gefõl uoao un eolufmnzgl mou tnzâomou v ~lg kozbg eolmnlugmg mn }omgu agu {gzfgjanuflmntnlmfnl}nu,:0 Nl }omou aou eguou na u~jâlmfen f} flmfeg w~n un `gen znknznlefg ga b~lfeftfo f nl na tnzâomo } ,



::

&(&(&( 7:7:747: ffffff~~ p p v v o jfnl!

fff~ p v 74

Ag ùa}fbg ne~gefõl nafbflg na to}nlefga unuco w~n znu~a}g mn lo flea~fz nl ag nutnefkfegefõl mnabomnao kge}oznu lo ojunz{gjanu w~n lo {gzâgl eol na }fnbto (eol}nlfmou nl na }æzbflo gf& v w~ntomzâgl nu}gz eozznagefolgmou eol gac~lg mn agu {gzfgjanu flmntnlmfnl}nu,

fff& Bomnao mn nkne}ou kfiou

Ga fc~ga w~n na bomnao mn tzfbnzgu mfknznlefgu! na mn nkne}ou kfiou ~}fafyg ~lg }zglukozbgefõltgzg nafbflgz na nkne}o mn kge}oznu lo ojunz{gjanu kfiou nl na }fnbto (gf&, Ufl nbjgzco! ag kozbgmn `genzao {gzâg mn bglnzg u~u}glefga9 nl nu}n eguo un nafbflgl kge}oznu kfiou w~n uol nutneâkfeoug egmg b~lfeftfo v w~n t~nmnl gkne}gz g ag {gzfgjan mntnlmfnl}n, Mn l~n{g e~nl}g! tgzg kflnu mnfa~u}zgefõl eolufmæznun tzfbnzo na bomnao9

f} ff} f} ~g p v 7

Uf tgzg egmg f (b~lfeftfo& un tzobnmfg nu}g ne~gefõl g ao agzco mn }omou aou tnzâomou } !

oj}nlnbou9

ffff~g p v 7

Lõ}nun w~n na kge}oz gf nu}ç tznunl}n nl gbjgu ne~gefolnu t~nu na tzobnmfo mn ~l {gaozeolu}gl}n nu na bfubo {gaoz, Uf un u~u}zgn nu}g unc~lmg ne~gefõl mn ag tzfbnzg oj}nlnbou9

&(&(7 ff} ff} ff} ~~ p p v v o jfnl!

f} f} f} ~ p v 7

molmnf}

v eozznutolmn ga {gaoz mn ag {gzfgjan mntnlmfnl}n bnlou u~ tzobnmfo }nbtozga

(ao bfubo tgzgf} p

vf} ~ &, Nl nu}g ne~gefõl un `g nafbflgmo na kge}oz gf! v toz ao }gl}o nato}nlefga unuco w~n t~mfnzg eg~ugz nl ag nu}fbgefõl mna nkne}o mn agu {gzfgjanu flmntnlmfnl}nu,

Competencia electoral, gasto público y provisión de servicios en municipios mexicanos

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