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Carlos Martinez CI:18383494

Fluidos de

CompletaciónCompletion fluids are a big part of what makes up an oil or gas well; in fact, just as the name suggests, completion fluid is a solid-free liquid substance that completes the well. It is placed inside to begifacilitating the final operation of the well just before production begins. The production process oftebegins with shooting perforations into the oil or gas producing zone or setting production lines, packeor downhole valves. The completion fluids must be in place before these processes can begin. Thpurpose of completion fluids is to control the oil or gas well in the even that the downhole hardware fail

so that formation or completion parts are not damaged.

It is important to note that the ever-important production zones are the very reason you decided on a drlocation. Because of that, the zones need the right care, which can be provided by a good completiofluid.

There are several types of completion fluids, which include:•  Air and water: This combines water and compressed air, which is pumped into the boreholes or 

down into the drill string to provide an increased amount of cooling. This is also used as a meansto control the amount of dust.

• Mud: This is a combination of water mixed with clay, polymers or other additives.

• Specialty drilling fluids: This is essentially a synthetic fluid that provides specific formation for specific drilling issues.

In most instances, completion fluids are generally brines (which are chlorides, formats or bromidesHowever, in theory, a completion fluid could be any fluid with the right density and flow. No matter whait should be chemically compatible with the reservoir formation of the well as well as the other fluids. It usually filtered stringently to be sure that no solids are introduced through the completion fluid to thwell.

In some instances, companies will customize their completion fluids based on their customer's gaswell drilling needs. The selection of the fluid is usually based on a variety of factors, including th

perceived impact on the environment, the density needed and the crystallization temperature. Thpurpose of customization directly corresponds to the needs of each customer, as they may be differendepending on where they are drilling. Depending on the producing zone, different customers may neevarying degrees of viscosity, corrosion inhibition and other variables that range from zone to zone.

Overall, completion fluids improve the productivity of the gas or oil well as it helps to reduce any damagto the structure in the producing zone. Additionally, completion fluids assist in the process of repairinand cleaning out the well bore during the final completion phase. This best serves the purpose outilizing the completion fluids during the drilling process.

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Los fluidos de completación permiten mantener las condiciones apropiadas para colocar completación de modo eficiente y seguro, esto evita causar daño a la formación productora. Lproductividad de un pozo y su futura vida productiva es afectada por el tipo de fluidos y los trabajoefectuados durante la misma. La selección del fluido de completación tiene como principal objetivobtener la máxima producción en la forma más eficiente y, por lo tanto, deben estudiarscuidadosamente los factores que determinan dicha selección.http://www.serviciosgdp.com/cursos/ver/229 

 A solids-free liquid used to "complete" an oil or gas well. This fluid is placed in the well to facilitate finoperations prior to initiation of production, such as setting screens production liners, packers, downhovalves or shooting perforations into the producing zone. The fluid is meant to control a well shoudownhole hardware fail, without damaging the producing formation or  completion  componentCompletion fluids are typically brines (chlorides, bromides and formates), but in theory could be any fluof proper density and flow characteristics. The fluid should be chemically compatible with the reservoformation and fluids, and is typically filtered to a high degree to avoid introducing solids to the neawellbore area. Seldom is a regular drilling mud suitable for  completion operations due to its solidcontent, pH and ionic composition. Drill-in fluids can, in some cases, be suitable for both purposes.

Formation Damage: Alteration of the far-field or virgin characteristics of a producing formation, usuaby exposure to drilling fluids. The water or solid particles in the drilling fluids, or both, tend to decreasthe pore volume and effective permeability of the producible formation in the near-wellbore region. Aleast two mechanisms are at work. First, solid particles from the drilling fluid physically plug or  bridgacross flowpaths in the porous  formation. Second, when water contacts certain clay minerals in thformation, the clay typically swells, increasing in volume and decreasing the pore volume. Thirchemical reactions between the drilling fluid and the formation rock and fluids can precipitate solids semisolids that plug pore spaces. One approach to minimize formation  damage is to use drill-in ocompletion fluids that are specially formulated to avoid damage to the formation when drilling pay zonerather than ordinary drilling fluids. Damage to the reservoir can result in the decrease of oil productioand the lifetime of the producing well.Dirt particles in completion fluids cause permanent permeabilitdamage by blocking and causing a variety of problems, which results in a significant reduction of the oproduction and the lifetime of the producing well. Clean Completion Fluids can only be achieved busing the correct filtration equipments and consumables. The two most predominant methods of filtratioused in the oil field for completion fluids are the catridge filtration and the filter press filtration. These twmethods have been accepted as viable processes for filtration of completion fluids with the latter methobecoming more accepted of recent. Trepole Well Services has equipments that can carry out any of thabove two methods of filtration.

completion fluids (brines) such as chlorides, bromides, formates.

Completion Fluids are the liquids that come in contact with the reservoir once the drilling phase hasbeen completed. These fluids are designed to minimize formation damage and to control the formationpressures of the reservoir.

Completion fluids are usually prepared with soluble salts for weighting purposes, but also have beendesigned with acid soluble weighting materials or micronized particles. These fluids are blended to

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certain specifications to take into consideration densities, TCT (freeze points), PCT(pressure/temperature freeze points) and clarity.

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