Const Equip

8/9/2019 Const Equip

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CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTIn various construction jobs, use of equipments is common to all types of works, but

heavy and special machinery and plant will be essential for large construction projects.

Adoption of mechanized construction and precast construction techniques need thesetting up of plants to handle the works on a large scale and to achieve quick progress

and effectively quality control.

Various Equipment used in construction site include-:Earth excavation and moving machineries-: Shovels, Bulldozers, Graders, Drag liners,

Trench excavators etc.

Earth compaction units-: Smooth or plain surface rollers, Sheep foot rollers, Frog

compacters, Vibratory rollers, etc.

Drilling and Blasting Equipment.

Grouting Equipment, Guniting Equipment.

Pumping and Dewatering units.

Dredgers and Silt clearing Equipments.

Concrete Mixing and Batching Plants.

Transport and Conveyance Equipment.

Tankers and Storage.

Lifting and Hoisting Equipment.

Miscellaneous Equipment-: Cutting, Welding, Casting etc.


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Concrete cutters trenching equipment-:It is used for following purpose.

Used for Working repair and replacement projects on

streets and roadways.Used for patch and joint placement on interstates,

streets and highways.

Cutting highway and bridge relief joints.

Creating lateral ditches for highway drainage.

Work on street and airport lighting projects and etc.

Manufactured by Vermeer, Koehring, FMC etc.TRENCHING EQUIPMENTTrenching machines, also called as Ditchers or

Trenchers, are used for digging trenches for-:

Water, gas, and oil lines

Telephones cable lines

Sewer linesDrainage ditches

Other similar underground items and endeavors

DIFFERENT KIND TRENCHING EQUIMENTS

ARE-:

The size & type of machine selected for a particular job depends on the size &

depth of the trench needed & on soil, site, & the other condition.

There are basically two types of trenching machine-:

Wheel type Ladder type


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They are designed for help in fast digging, with good

control of depths ranging from 1.37m to 4.37m( 4.5 to

15ft ) and width 38cm to 137cm( 15 to 5.5ft )

The machine moves with speed of 0.s to 3km/hour.

The rotating wheels or buckets are lowered to desireddepth and the machine unit moves forward.

The buckets cut and pick the earth and deposit on the

belt conveyor, which unloads at the desired place or on

either side

The ladder type have better flexibility of operating on

varying depths and widths.The ladder type cannot be used in rocky soils, unstable

deposits and where groundwater is met in large

quantities.

Apparatus of trenching equipment-:

Rotating Wheels Cutting Buckets

Digging chains

Ladder

Cabin

Mount


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TRENCHERS:-A trencheris piece of construction equipment used

to dig trenches, typically for laying pipes orcable,

or fordrainage.Trenchers may range in size. Depending on the

type of digging implement, a trencher may be

classified as a chain trencher or a rockwheel.

The trenching machine

allows simultaneous

excavation and backfilling

without an open trench

Chain trencher A chain trencher cuts with a digging chain that

is driven around a rounded metal frame, orboom. It resembles a giant chainsaw. This type of trencher can cut ground that istoo hard to cut with a bucket-type excavator. The angle of the boom can be adjusted tocontrol the depth of the cut.

It can dig the ground upto 18 feet deep in

no time.

It can trench around of 300 to 400 ft /day

in a ground full of rocks.

Manufactured by- Vermeer, Koehring, FMC

To cut a trench, the boom is held at afixed &le while the machine creepsforward.


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A rock wheel is a toothed metal wheel

effectively a giant circular saw.

Rock wheels can cut harder ground thana chain trencher, including cutting through

solid stone.

They are also used to cut pavement for

road maintenance and to gain access to

utilities under roads.

The teeth on a rock wheel are

removable and made of high strength

steel or tungsten.

When the machine is under heavy use,

the teeth may need to be replaced as

frequently as every day.

ROCKWHEEL

It consist of 1" (3 cm) shank rotarycarbide teeth and feature infinitely

variable tip speeds up to 750 fpm, for

fast and efficient performance.

Manufactured by- Vermeer, Koehring,

FMC etc.


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CONSISTS OF : power driven wheel,

on which are mounted a number ofremovable buckets, equipped with cutter

teeth.

Buckets are available in varying widths

to which side cutters may be attached

when it is necessary to increase the

width of a trench. WORKING : Operated by lowering the

rotating wheel to the desired depth,

while the unit moves forward slowly.

The earth is picked up by the buckets

& deposited onto an endless beltconveyor that can be adjusted to

discharge the earth on either side of the

trench.

WHEEL TYPE TRENCHING

MACHINE


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LADDER TYPE TRENCHING MACHINE The excavating part of the machine

consists of two endless chains thattravel along the bottom, to which there

are attached cutter buckets equippedwith teeth.

Shaft mounted side cutters may beinstalled on each side of the boom toincrease the width of a trench.

As the bucket travel up the underside of

the boom. They bring out earth anddeposit it on a belt conveyor thatdischarges it along either side of thetrench.

DISADVANTAGE : not suitable for excavating trenches in rock or wherelarge quantities of groundwater,

combined with unstable soil, prevent thewalls of a trench remaining in place.

SELECTING SUITABLEEQUIPMENT FOREXCAVATING TRENCHES The job conditions.

The depth and width of the trench. The class of soil. The extent to which groundwater is

present. The width of the right of way for disposal


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Sewer line trenching

Water line trenching

Shoulder line

trenching


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A shovel is usually a hand tool, which

normally consists of a wide blade withedges on its sides that are fixed to

accommodate length handle.

BLADE

HANDLE

HOLD OR CONTROL

The main parts of a power shovel are

mounting, cabin, boom, dipper stick or arm

& the excavator or dipper bucket.

SHOVEL

Travel unit

Revolving unit

Front add attachment

BLADE


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TRAVEL

UNIT

CRAWLER WHEEL

TRAVEL UNIT MAY BE IN THE FORM OF CRAWLER MOUNTING OR

WHEEL MOUNTING AND ACCORDINGLY THE EXCAVATORS ARE KNOWN

AS CRAWLER MOUNTED OR WHEEL MOUNTED EXCAVATOR.


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REVOLVING UNIT CONSIST OF

OPERATER CABIN CAN BE

REVOLVED IN DESIRED POSITION

AS IT RESTS ON A DECK ORREVOLVING PLATEFORM

THIS REVOLVING UNIT IS BASIC MODULE PRESENT IN MANY EXCAVATOR UNITONLY THE FRONT ATTACHMENT IS CHANGED AS PER BEHAVIOUR OF

EXCAVATOR IT MOSTLY DIGS ABOVE MACHINE BASE LEVEL AND HAS A

LIMITED DIGGING CAPACITY BELOW BASE LEVEL. IT HAS A QUICK DIGGING

CYCLE AND DOES THE WORK OF DIGGING COMPACT OR HARDER WORKING

FACES . THE DIGGING AND DUMPING ARE PERFORMED WITH GOOD

CONTROL AND ACCURACY


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DRAGSHOVEL OR BACK-ACTERThis machine is chiefly employed for

digging TRENCHESfor drains, sewers,

water pipes etc.. It is used for excavating

basements,

especially on confined sites which

preclude the use of the shovel at the

required level

This is called backacter for, like the

dragline ,the bucketat the end of the

dipper handle of drag shovel has a

backward cutting actions towards the

machine


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It can easily dig down to a depth of

about 4 m below the tracks.

Apart from digging, the bucket is

also used for demolition and fortamping fill.

A bucket can be changed, or

replaced with a hydraulic breaker.

They can be used with or withoutATTENDANThaulage vehiclessince the spoil can be placedalongside the excavation for usein backfilling.

These machines will require a lowloader transport vehicle for travelbetween sites

The dipper handle of this pivot atthe at end of the boom, which isof robust construction.

The maximum capacity of the


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It has certain ADVANTAGESof both Dragline And Shovel

for example:

It resembles the dragline inthat it digs below its ownlevel.

But as the bucket can be

firmly held whilst excavating(like the shovel) the dragshovel will dig heavier soilsthan will a dragline of thesame size..

The machines are available

as a universal power unitbase machine or as apurpose designed hydraulicunit.


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CAPACITY

The maximum capacity of the bucket

is 2cu.mt.

The width of the trench can be

increased ifside cutters are fitted to

the bucket ;

The with can be further increased if

side wings and teeth are fixed to the

bucket.

BUCKET CAPACITY 0.7cu.mt.

without side cutter: 0.6 mt.

With side cutter: 0.76 mt.

With side wings and teeth 0.9-1.2 mt

A 0.5 m3 bucket with side wings and teeth can

dig a trench up to 1.7m in width (or 1 m

with side cutters and 0.9m without).

Wider trenchers are excavated by taking two or more cuts as required.The

larger machines can excavate to a maximum depth of 5.5 to 6m.

The trench output is dependent upon the pace of the men following up with

the necessary timbering.


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Skimmer is the equipment which is efficient for shallow work as for

levelling building sites & playing fields & for road constructionupto a

depth of 300 mm where great accuracy in level is required.When this is used the result in the form of absolutely clear leveled

surface is achieved.

This equipment is useful for mud shifting where the dump of the

escavated material do not exceed 1.2m to 1.5m and stripping thin layers

of over burden.

SKIMMERS


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Process: These machines consist of a bucket sliding along a horizontal jib. The bucket

slides along the jib digging away from the machine.

To discharge the spoil, the boom or jib is raised and the power unit is rotated until

the raised bucket is over the attendant haulage vehicle, enabling the spoil to bedischarged through the opening bottom direct into the haul unit.

The bucket travels the length depending upon the boom for a 4m long boom

the travel is about 3m.

The capacity of the bucket varies from 0.3m to 0.8m

When the bucket is full ,the boom is raised and the material collected to level

the surface is dumped into the lorry or wagon.

They have an output of about 50 bucket loads per hour.


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A dragline is an excavating machine

It consists of a rotating deck (the upper

works), a base (the lower works), and a

boom.

An operator, sitting in the house, controls a

digging bucket suspended from the end of

a boom by a hoist line

The bucket is filled by dragging it towards

the machine.

The bucket and contents are then hoistedclear of the ground. The ability of the deck

to rotate means the buckets contents can

be dumped anywhere within the radius of

the swing of the end of the boom.

Draglines are used in coal mining, rock

quarries, and sand and gravel pits.

DRAGLINE


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PARTS OF A

DRAGLINE

Boom


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Dragline bucket system consists of a

large bucket which is suspended from

a boom (a large truss like structure). The bucket is maneuvered by means

of a number of ropes and chains.The hoist-rope, powered by large

diesel or electric motors, supports the

bucket and hoist-coupler assembly

from the boom.

The dragrope is used to draw the

bucket assembly horizontally.

By skillful maneuver of the hoist and

the dragropes the bucket is controlled

for various operations

WORKING

CRAWLER-MOUNTED DRAGLINE

WALKING DRAGLINE


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LIFTING

OPERATION

SWINGOPERATION

DUMPINGOPERATION

DRAGLINE

IN

OPERATION


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ADVANTAGES Inherent with their construction, a dragline

is most efficient excavating material belowthe level of their tracks.

Draglines remain popular with manymines, due to their reliability, andextremely low waste removal cost.

DISADVANTAGES The primary limitations of draglines are

theirboom height and boom length. This

limits where the dragline can dump thewaste material.

A dragline is not suitable to load piled upmaterial

Extreme capital cost

Const Equip

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