Copia de Presentacion Para Alumnos en Ingles

7/28/2019 Copia de Presentacion Para Alumnos en Ingles

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LEXICAL CATEGORIAS

In each sentence, words have different functions, according to

this, words are divided in

CLASES OR CATEGORIES

OF FUNCTION OF CONTENT

They only appear in Their meaning is complete with the idea. They can

combination with be defined usin other words of content.

CONTENT WORDS


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LEXICAL CATEGORIES

and their function

Words ofcontent

-NOUNS

-ADJECTIVES

-ADVERBS

-VERBS

Words offunction

-ARTICLES

-CONJUNCTIONS

-PREPOSITIONS

-DEMOSTRATIVES


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Words ofcontent

Nouns

Is the part of the sentence that enunciates animals, people,

things, ideas, feelings:

They don`t have GENDER (the, a, an) articles

They have NUMBER (singular plural)

Types: Common

Proper

Abstract


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The verb

Verbal Tenses :

Simple present futurepast infinitive

Compuestos Continuos Perfect

present be have/has

past was/were + ing had + part

future will be will have


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Tiempos verbales

Gerund ing = Noun infinitive

Imperative infinitive = it`s an order

Passive voice present past

is +part +by was +part+by

are were


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Clasification

Prefixes

Negative un non in dis a

Reversative de disPejorative mis mal pseudo

Degree-size arch super out

Attitude co anti pro counter

Locative sub inter trans

Time-order pre post ex re

Number uni mono tri multi

Sufixes

Occupationalster -eer

Diminutivelet -ette

Femenine -ess -ieStatus -hoodship -dom

Noun/adjectiveiteian

-ese -ist -ism

Verb/noun -er -or ant ee-ation -ing


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Nominal Phrase

The subject is a Nominal Phrase (FN, its nucleous

or main word is a NOUN or SUSTANTIVEthat can`t be removed

Example:

Diana works in the sales departmentPeople is going to the beach Saturday

Most high schools in USA publish a yearbook

All my love is for my family

Many democracies have Presidents


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Nominal Phrase

Its formed by all the words that are before theverb

Types:

With Proper, Common or Abstract nouns

a) A complex phrase

All of my friends houses

b) Adjective + Sustantive

The beautiful girl is my sister. An expensive car costs money.

c) Article or demostrative +Sustantive

These houses have 2 windows An intersting article


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Verbal phrase

Its formed by all the words that are after the

verb.

It has the same pre and post modifiers as the

nominal phrase


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The sentence and its elements

PRE POST MODIFIERS

Articles

Adjectives Adverbs

Nouns or Sustantives


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PRE POST MODIFIERS

Article is a word that combined with a noun indicates volumeor numerical scope.

Articles are:

definite:the, is the same for nouns in singular or pluralindefinite:awhen words starts with consonant sound

an word starts with a vowel sound.

Some can in certain circumstances function as a plural ofa/an

Ej: He bougth some lovely Italian shoes.Some of my sisters are working now.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word


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PRE POST MODIFIERS

Adjectives are words that describe nouns or pronouns. They maycome before the word they describe (That is a cute puppy.) or they may

follow the word they describe (That puppy is cute.)

Grades: Base Comparative Superlative

small the ____est

nice ______er than

expensivebeautiful more_____than the most______


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PRE POST MODIFIERS

Adverbsare words that modify everything but nouns and pronouns.They modify adjectives, verbs, and other adverbs. A word is an adverb if it

answers

how He plays tennis agressively.

when Come home immediatly.

where.I live here. The word goodis an adjective, while wellis an adverb.

Tip: Not all words ending in -ly are adverbs.

adjectives ending in -ly: friendly, silly, lonely, uglynouns, ending in -ly: ally, bully, Italy, melancholy

verbs, ending in -ly: apply, rely, supply

There is no adverb for an andjective ending in -ly.


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MODAL VERBS

Must

Ought to

Should

Could Can (not)

May

Might

Will

Would


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THE PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the

action. It is not important or not known, who

or what is performing the action.

In this case, the use of BY identifies the

performer,

i.e. Tea is drunk in China(by the chinese )


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Tense Simple Present Active: Rita writes a letter.

Passive: A letter is written by Rita.

Simple Past Active: Rita wrote a letter.Passive: A letter was written by Rita.

Present PerfectActive: Rita has written a letter.

Passive: A letter has been written by Rita.

Future Active: Rita will write a letter.

Passive: A letter will be written by Rita.

Examples of Passive


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The gerund as substantive In the English grammar, a gerund is the ing-form of a verb used as a noun.

Like every other normal noun, the gerund can function as a noun substantive or as an object.

In some cases an article might be included.

Noun substantive:

Rock climbing can be great fun

The crashing of the waves got louder. Object:

We were woken by the quaking of the frogs.

Can you hear the chirping of the birds?

After a stative verb

My brother loves cooking, but he really hates washing up afterwards.

Where is Margaret? She knows I hate waiting


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