CursoDeLadino.com.ar - Cómo hemos llegado a conocer el romancero sefardí - Paloma Diaz Mas

8/2/2019 CursoDeLadino.com.ar - Cmo hemos llegado a conocer el romancero sefard - Paloma Diaz Mas

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2/22

COV\C\^\I LN COZNV\CEGFCIONV JCHIHIECFGVLctnf|itg1 Bntfnlnv ln hg Egtqg Fgbcoi

VNBCOGTCI LN [IN\CFGFiitlcoglitg1 Bgtcg Ftcv|cog Gq~nhg

[ntviogh gfglnbcfi glvftc|i gh Vnbcog tciDnt|`g GfnznvFgtbno GtbcaiFtcv|cog Gq~nhg@nhnog Dntcv|gcoNotcw~n Diogzclnv\g|cgog D~doizgEtgfcnhg FgolgoiGog Fgv|goiNv|`nt Fi noAivn Tcfgtli F gznv

Fnvgt EioqghnqFgtbno HnjcntiBgtegtc|g Hn:oBgtcgog BgvntgJgdci Bitgdc|iFtcv|cog B~ecfgH~cvg [~ceVchzgog Tgdcoizcf`Goo~oqcg|g Tivvc[g|tcfcg Zchhgvnoit

GF\G [IN\CFGLctnf|itg1 \g|cgog D~doizgNlc|itgv lnh zih~bno1

Ftcv|cog Gq~nhgBgtcgog BgvntgFiovnai Nlc|itcgh\ibgv Ghdglghnai@nhnog Dntcv|gcoGhgo Lnsntbiol^bdnt|i NfiOin Ac|tcm

Ango Bgtcn MhcomnodnteBgtcn"[cnttn||n Bghf~qsovmc |Hgv i{cocionv np{~nv|gv no hiv |tgdgaiv jctbgliv vio ln hg npfh~vczg tnv{iovgdchclgl lnv~v g~|itnv/

\ilg fittnv{iolnofcg lndn lctcectvn gVnbcogtci ln [in|cfgCov|c|~|i ln Coznv|cegfcionv Jchih:ecfgvFc~lgl ln hg Coznv|cegfc:o no @~bgoclglnvFc~lgl ^oczntvc|gtcgF/ [/ ;7; Bnpcfi L/ J/


3/22

Gf|g [in|cfg 4: (7"4#[TCBGZNTG"I\IOI

4;;>

Fibi `nbiv hCnegli g fioifnt nh tibgofnti vnjgtlc[ghibg Lcgq"Bgv

No nv|n gt|cf~hi vn ijtnfn ~og vco|nvcv ln fibi nh tibgofnti vnjgtlj `g hhnegli gvnt fioifcli s |nocli no f~no|g {it {gt|n lnh hiv nv|~lciviv lnh `cv{gocvbi1 hgv{tcbntgv oi|cfcgv g{it|glgv {it jc hihieiv tibgocv|gv w~n sg g jcoghnv lnh vcehi PCPtnfiecntio b~nv|tgv ln hg h c|ntg|~tg itgh no v~v nof~nv|gv ln fgb{i hg co|ntzno"fcio ln hiv {ti{civ {~dhcfcv|gv vnjgtljnv nh nv|~lci jchihiecfi lnh tibgofntilnvln {tcofc{civ lnh vcehi PP hg g|nofcio g hgv nlcfcionv ghagbcglgv ; g hiv ti"bgofnv fc|gliv no fihnffcionv ln `cboiv `ndtniv s {it ~h|cbi hg tnfi{chgfcioln tibgofnv no bgo~vftc|iv ln ~vi {ntviogh {it {gt|n ln hiv {ti{civ vnjgtljnv svidtn |ili ln hgv b~antnv vnjgtlc|gv/\`cv {g{nt ijjntv g vso|`nvcv ij |`n {tifnvv ds u`cf` |`n tibgofnti vnjgtlc `gvdnno moiuo gol |gmno co|i gffi~o| ds tnvngtf`ntv ij |`n @cv{gocf uithl1 |`n jctv|onuv eczno ds Tibgocv| {`chihiecv|v u`i g| |`n nol ij |`n PCP Fno|~ts tnfihhnf"|nl co |`nct jcnhl v~tznsv vibn ij |`cv itgh |tglc|cio= |`n tihn ij |`n Vn{`gtlcf{~dhcfcv|v= |`n {`chihiecfgh v|~ls ij |`n tibgofnti g| |`n dnecoocoe ij |`n ppFno|~ts= |`n g||no|cio ltguo ds |`n g)agbcglg nlc|ciov it ds |`n tibgofnv w~i"|nl co |`n @ndtnu @sbo fihhnf|ciov= gol jcoghhs |`n fib{chg|cio ij tibgofnv|gmno jtib {ntviogh utc|coev ij |`n Vn{`gtlcf fibb~oc|s gol izntghh jtib |`nVn{ gtlcf uibno/

463


4/22

Gf|g [in|cfg 4: (7"4#[TCBGZNTG"I\IOI4;;>

[ghibg Lcgq"BgvCov|c|~|i ln hg Hnoe~g Nv{goihg lnh FVCF

Fibi `nbiv hhnegli g fioifnt nh tibgofnti vnjgtlc

^og ln hgv tgbgv bgv tcfgv s jnf~olgv lnh tibgofnti nv hg vn"jgtlj= nv lnfct hg w~n l~tgo|n vcehiv bgo|~zcntio zczg hiv a~"ljiv lnvfnolcno|nv ln hiv np{~hvgliv ln hg [nojov~hg Cdntcfg gjcoghnv ln hg Nlgl Bnlcg/ 7Gvno|gliv no ~o no|ibi oi `cv{goi`gdhgo|n (fibi nh

Itcno|n bnlc|nttgoni ; nh oit|n ln Gjtcfg# hiv vnjgtlcnv fio"vntzgtio nh ~vi lnh nv{gjcih fibi hnoe~g ln fib~ocfgfcio shc|ntgtcg `gv|g hgv {tcbntgv lnfglgv lnh vcehi pp/ V~ hc|ntg|~tgnv|~zi fib{~nv|g {it ~og zgtcnlgl ln enontiv w~n zgo lnvlnhgv |tgl~ffcionv ln hg Dcdhcg `gv|g hg {invcg nv|tijcfg hiv fi"bno|gtciv djdhcfiv hiv |tg|gliv ln bitgh hg oiznhg nh |ng|ti ;nh {ntcilcvbi/9 S |gbdcno fibi oi {it hg hc|ntg|~tg ln |tgov"bcvcio bgsitc|gtcgbno|n itgh (f~no|iv fgofcionv tibgofnv#=enontiv w~n sg npcv|jgo no hg Nv{gog bnlcnzgh s w~n no|tn hivvnjgtlcnv {ntzczcntio fiovntzgoli |ntogv go|ce~iv n cofit{i"tgoli g 7; hgtei ln hiv vcehiv |nbgv s bi|cziv o~nziv lnftngfcio {ti{cg ; |itogliv ln hg hc|ntg|~tg ln hiv {~ndhiv fiohiv w~n hiv a~lciv ln itceno `cv{gocfi fiozczcgo (nv vceocjcfg"C og {goitgbcfg vidtn hiv vnjgtlcnv s v~ f~h|~tg {~nln nofio|tgtvn no Ljgq"

Bgv 730: (s v~ zntvc:o no coehnv ln 7334#/4 [gtg hg hc|ntg|~tg vnjgtlc ln |tgovbcvc:o nvftc|g nv j~olgbno|ghhg bioietgjjg

ln Tibnti 7334/4


5/22

|czi {it nanb{hi w~n zgtciv tibgofnv ln hiv vnjgtljnv ln Bg"fnliocg vngo no tnghclgl |tgl~ffcionv ; glg{|gfcionv noa~lninv{gjcih ln dghglgv etcnegv ;ln |ntogv dghfgocfiva%Tnjhnpciogt gfntfg ln fibi `nbiv hhnegli g fioifnt nh ti"

bgofnti vnjgtlj ln hgv lcv|co|gv n{ifgv nw~czghn g tnjhnpciogt{it w~n zcgv s no w~n gbdc|iv vn |tgovbc|cntio hiv tibgofnvw~cnonv ntgo hiv ~v~gtciv ln nv|n |c{i ln {invjg |tglcfciogh sw~n j~ofcio |nojgo hiv tibgofnv no v~v zclgv= no ~h|cbi |nt"bcoi g |tgznv ln hg `cv|itcg s ln hiv biliv ln |tgovbcvcio lnnv|n enonti {ilnbiv no|tnznt hg `cv|itcg co|nbg s hg nzih~"fcio vifcgh s f~h|~tgh ln hgv {ti{cgv fib~oclglnv vnjgtljnv shg tnhgfcio lnh b~oli iffclno|gh (s b~s nv{nfcghbno|n lnNv{gog# fio hiv vnjgtlc|gv/

7/ Hg zclg itgh lnh tibgofnti s hgv nof~nv|gv ln fgb{iln hiv nv|~lciviv ln HgJchihiecg TiblocfgNh {tcbnt fioifcbcno|i w~n |~zi nh b~oli iffclno|gh lnh ti"bgofnti vnjgtlc j~n g |tgznv ln liv zcgv1 g# hiv bg|ntcghnv tn"fiecliv no nof~nv|g ln fgb{i {it jchihieiv= s d# hgv b~nv|tgv{~dhcfglgv {it ghe~oiv `ibdtnv ln hn|tgv vnjgtlcnv fioifnli"tnv ln {tcbntg bgon ln nvg |tglcfc:o itgh/Hgv {tcbntgv nof~nv|gv ln fgb{i ln hg |tglcfc:o vnjgtlj

j~ntio hhnzglgv g fgdi {it jchihieiv tibgocv|gv s nv|gdgo {tn"vclclgv fibi oi {ilcg vnt bnoiv {it ~o co|ntnv bgv hcoe~cv"|cfi w~n hc|ntgtci/ Hi w~n g|tgjg g hiv nv|~lciviv ntg nh nv|~lciln ~og zgtcnlgl hcoe~jv|cfg tibgocfg (nh a~lninv{gjcih# w~n vn`gdcg bgo|nocli zczg s `gdcg nzih~fciogli no no|ibiv lnhnoe~gv oi titogocfgv (|~tfi gtgdn etcnei vntdiftig|g t~bg"oi n|f/# lnvgttihhgoli ~og vntcn ln tgveiv nv{nfjjcfiv w~n hglcjntnofcgdgo |go|i lnh nv{gjcih {nocov~hgt cov~hgt s gbntcfg"oi fibi ln i|tgv hnoe~gv tibgocfgv/ No nh f~tvi ln hgv coznv"

6 Zngvn Gtbcv|ngl s Vchzntbgo 7304/ 7>7"750/4


6/22

|cegfcionv hcoeccjv|cfgv vn tnghcq: ~og hgdit ln tnfieclg ln bg"|ntcghnv w~n g znfnv cofh~jg |np|iv ln hg hc|ntg|~tg nvftc|g (|gh nvnh fgvi ln Ugeont 736;# {nti w~n j~olgbno|gh bno|n vn o~"|tc: ln |tgovftc{fcionv ln bgocjnv|gfcionv itghnv1 ogttgfcionvnv{io|gongv s |gbdcno b~nv|tgv ln hg hc|ntg|~tg ln |tgovbcvc:oitgh fibi f~no|iv tibgofnv s fgofcionv/ Gvj tnfiecntio s{~dhcfgtio tibgofnv vnjgtljnv ghe~oiv ln hiv bgv {tnv|cecivivtibgocv|gv fibi Hni Ucnont (73;6"73; s no v~ {:v|~bi ln 7353#/

4/ Hiv {ntcilcv|gv vnjgtlcnv no|tn |tglcfc:o s bilntoclgl[it hiv bcvbiv gjciv no w~n hiv {ciontiv ln hg tibgojv|cfgnb{nqgdgo g co|ntnvgtvn {it nh a~lninv{gjcih ghe~oiv {ntci"lcv|gv vnjgtljnv lcntio |gbdcno g fioifnt b~nv|tgv lnh tibgo"fnti no nh gbdc|i gfglnbcfi Gvc Gdtg`gb Lgoio {~dhcf: nojnf`g |go |nb{tgog fibi 703: ~og fihnffc:o ln tibgofnv ln\~tw~jg s Gdtg`gb Eghgo|n lci g fioifnt i|tiv fg|itfn |np"|iv no 73;6/^oi s i|ti fgvi vio vceocjcfg|cziv1 Lgoio tnfcdc: jitbg"

fc:o tgdjocfg {nti |gbdcno j~n lctnf|it ln ~og nvf~nhg ln hgGhhcgofn Cvtgnhc|n ^oczntvnhhn no Nv|gbd~h |tgl~f|it gh `ndtniln idtgv ln hg f~h|~tg iffclno|gh (lnvln Zctechci g Zcf|it@~ei# {gt|cfc{: no [gtcv no nh Fioetnvi ln Itcno|ghcv|gv ln7035 s j~ol: no Nlcton nh {ntc:lcfi NC {tietnvi w~n vn {~"dhcfgdg no |~tfi `ndtni s a~lninv{gjcih ghagbcgli= Eghgo|nntg ~o {ntcilcv|g jitbgli g hg iffclno|gh lctnf|it ln zgtciv{ntc:lcfiv ghagbcgliv no a~lninv{gjcih nlc|it s ltgbg|~teino hnoe~g vnjgtlj s vcb~h|gongbno|n g~|it ln ~og vntcn ln|tgdgaiv `cv|:tcfiv no jtgofnv vidtn hgv fib~oclglnv vnjgtljnvln Itcno|n/ Nv lnfct tn{tnvno|go ~o |c{i ln vnjgtlj b~s fgtgf"|ntjv|cfi ln hg vne~olg bc|gl lnh vcehi PCP s hgv {tcbntgv lnfg"

4


7/22

lgv lnh pp1 jitbgliv g hg iffclno|gh |cnono nh jtgofnv fibihnoe~g ln f~h|~tg (vceocjcfg|czgbno|n hgv idtgv `cv|:tcfgv lnEghgo|n nv|go no jtgofnv s |go|i v~ gt|cf~hi vidtn tibgofnvfibi nh ln Lgoio g{gtnfcntio no tnzcv|gv jtgofnvgv#= s ghbcvbi |cnb{i bgo|cnono ~og jgfn|g ln lcz~heglitnv w~n hnv`gfn {~dhcfgt no v~ hnoe~g bg|ntog idtgv ln ftngfc:o hc|ntgtcgs {ntc:lcfiv lctcecliv g hgv fhgvnv vnjgtljnv bgv {i{~hgtnv ghiv gt|nvgoiv {nw~njciv fibntfcgo|nv idtntiv ; |tgdgaglitnvln ijcfciv jojcbiv (fibi hiv lnvfgteglitnv ln b~nhhn ; hivznolnlitnv gbd~hgo|nv# w~n oi |cnono gffnvi g hg nl~fgfc:ono nvf~nhgv iffclno|ghnv oi fioifno i|tg hnoe~g w~n nh a~lni"nv{gjcih s v:7; vgdno hnnt nh ghjgdn|i `ndtni (hg bgsit {gt|n lnnvgv idtgv s {ntc:lcfiv vn {~dhcfgdgo no a~lninv{gjcih ghag"bcgli nv lnfct nvftc|i fio hn|tgv `ndtngv#/ [nti {it i|ti hgli"s {nvn g v~ jitbgfc:o iffclno|gh s gjtgofnvglg" eno|nvfibi Eghgo|n ; Lgoio fioifno ln {tcbntg bgoi {it |tgov"bcvc:o itgh no nh no|itoi libnv|cfi ln v~ cojgofcg hg hc|ntg|~"tg |tglcfciogh ln tibgofnv s fgofcionv/ Hiv {tcbntiv vnjgtljnvw~n {~dhcfgtio tibgofnv oiv ijtnfno gvj ~og tglcietgjjg lnhiv fgbdciv f~C|~tghnv w~n vn i{ntgtio no nh b~oli vnjgtljlnvln hg vne~olg bc|gl lnh vcehi PCP f~goli nh nv|gdhnfcbcno"|i ln nvf~nhgv iffclno|ghnv (s nv{nfcghbno|n hgv jtgofnvgv lnhg Ghhcgofn Cvtgnhc|n ^oczntvnhhn# no Itcno|n s no nh Oit|nln Gjtcfg gdtc: g hg cofc{cno|n d~te~nvjg vnjgtlj nh gffnvi g hgf~h|~tg iffclno|gh fio v~v fiovce~cno|nv {ivcdchclglnv f~h|~"tghnv hgditghnv s ln tnhgfcionv s lcj~vc:o/

6/ Hiv nv|~lciv jchihiecfiv lnh tibgofnti vnjgtlcHg hgdit ln nof~nv|g cocfcglg {it ghe~oiv ln hiv {gltnv ln hgJchihiejg Tibgocfg j~n fio|co~glg g 7;hgtei lnh vcehi pp {it jc"7:7;eivw~n nb{nqgtio g {tnv|gt g|nofc:o oi sg v:7; g hiv gv"{nf|iv hcoe~jv|cfiv vcoi |gbdcno g hiv nv|tcf|gbno|n hc|ntgtciv/

4


8/22

No Nv{gjcg j~n j~olgbno|ghhg hgdit ln Tgbio Bnonolnq [c"lgh fio v~ co|ntnv {it nh tibgofnti fibi bgocjnv|gfcio ln hgn{cfg `cv{gocfg/Bnonolnq [clgh `cqi fio v~v fihgditglitnv "no|tn hiv

f~ghnv vn nofio|tgdg v~ {ti{cg b~ant Bgtjg Eistc" o~bnti"vgv nof~nv|gv ln fgb{i no nh gbdc|i `cv{gocfi$ [nti nv bgvw~n {tidgdhn w~n v~ co|ntnv {it hg |tglcfcio vnjgtlj vn zcnvn co"jh~clg {it hg fgb{gjcg no {ti ln hiv a~ljiv ln itceno `cv{gocfi{tibizclg g {gt|ct ln 73;< {it nh vnoglit Goenh [~hcli Jnt"ogolnq/[~hcli ntg bnlcfi ln {tijnvcio vne~clit {ihc|cfi ln Nbchci

Fgv|nhgt s {it |go|i tn{tnvno|go|n ln hg fittcno|n {ihc|cf g hhg"bglg tnenontgfciocvbi w~n {ti{~eogdg hg tnenontgfcio lnhg zclg {ihj|cfg vifcgh s nfioibcfg ln hg {gtg no|iofnv g|tgvg"lg Nv{gjcg/ No ~o zcgan {it hiv Dghfgonv fioifci g Notcw~nDnagtgoi ~o vnjgtlj ln D~fgtnv| {tijnvit ln nv{gjcih= nh fio|gf"|i lctnf|i fio nv|n vnjgtlj nh lnvf~dtcbcno|i ln w~n no Itcno|n`gdjg fc~lglgoiv ln itceno `cv{gocfi w~n `gdhgdgo ~og zgtcn"lgl lnh nv{gjcih ({nvn g `gdnt vcli np{~hvgliv ln Nv{gjcg `g"fcg bgv ln f~g|ti vcehiv# fiobizcntio g [~hcli w~cno lnvlnno|iofnv nb{tnolci ~og g{gvcioglg fgb{gjcg {ti{~eogoli nhgfntfgbcno|i ln Nv{gjcg g hiv vnjgtljnv s hg gli{fcio ln bnlc"lgv {ihc|cfgv no jgzit ln nvn {tisnf|i/W~n Bnonolnq [clgh |~zi fioifcbcno|i ln hg fgb{gjcg ln

[~hcli nv nzclno|n oi vihi {itw~n lci {cn g ~o fcnt|i lndg|nogfciogh (no nh Vnogli s no hg {tnovg# s {itw~n nh vnoglit {~"dhcfi liv hcdtiv vidtn nh |nbg w~n ghfgoqgtio dgv|go|n lcj~"vcio (73;< ; 73;># vcoi {itw~n nh {ti{ci [~hcli vn nofgteiln cojitbgt s |tg|gt ln bizchcqgt {ntvioghbno|n g d~nog {gt"|n ln hiv co|nhnf|~ghnv nv{gjcihnv ln hg n{ifg= s fioftn|gbno|n{clci nh g{isi ln Bnonolnq [clgh {gtg w~n zgtciv nvftc|itnv n

< Hiv tibgofnv s fgofcionv vnjgtljnv ln hg fihnffc:o ln Tgb:o Bnonolnq [c"lgh s Bgtjg Eistc nv|go fg|ghiegliv no Gtbcv|ngl 7350 lioln vn {~nlno nofio"|tgt |gbdcno oi|cfcgv vidtn hgv nof~nv|gv ln fgb{i (zih/ C 5"46#= zngvn |gbdcnoFg|ghgo 4;;7 nv{nfcghbno|n 6;"65 ::"5: S 00"3:/

4


9/22

co|nhnf|~ghnv vnjgtljnv j~nvno oibdtgliv gfglnbcfiv fittnv"{iolcno|nv ln hg Tngh Gfglnbcg Nv{goihg/No {ifi bgv ln ~o gjci [~hcli lnvgttihh: |gbdcno ~og co"

|novg hgdit ln co|ntfgbdci ln fittnv{iolnofcg fgt|ngolivnfio fgvc 7>; vnjgtljnv ln hgv bgv lczntvgv {gt|nv lnh b~oli/No hgv fgt|gv w~n tnfcdc: (s w~n no {gt|n tn{til~fn no v~ hcdtiln 73;># nofio|tgbiv nh tn|tg|i ln ~o vnf|it lnh b~oli vnjgt"lc ln hg n{ifg {tnfcvgbno|n nh bgv gfibilgli s bgv co|netg"li no nh vcv|nbg1 bchc|gtnv s bnlcfiv ln v~h|gonv {tijnvcioghnvfibi bnlcfiv ; coenocntiv fibntfcgo|nv s dgow~ntiv a:zn"onv nl~fglgv no hgv nvf~nhgv jtgofnv gv n c|ghcgogv= b~f`iv lnv~v fittnv{iovghnv ntgo {ihcehi|gv s zgtciv ln nhhiv `gdjgo zc"zcli no lcv|co|iv {gcvnv lnh b~oli/ Lnvln \~tw~cg `gv|g Co"ehg|nttg lnvln Bgtt~nfiv `gv|g T~bgocg lnvln Bnpcfi ;Gteno|cog `gv|g C|ghcg hgv fgt|gv tnbc|clgv gh vnoglit nv{gccihoiv ijtnfno |gbdcno ~og {goitgbcfg ln hiv h~egtnv ln gvno|g"bcno|i vnjgtlcnv no hiv cocfciv lnh vcehi pp f~goli |ilgzcgnpcv|cgo hgv fib~oclglnv |tglcfcioghnv (`is fgvc |ilgv {tgf|c"fgbno|n lnvg{gtnfclgv# ln \~tw~cg Etnfcg hiv DghfgonvItcno|n [t:pcbi ; nh oit|n ln Gjtcfg {nti vn `gdcg cocfcglisg hg hhgbglg lcgv{itg vnf~olgtcg nv lnfct hg nbcetgfc:o bg"vczg `gfcg {gcvnv n~ti{niv s gbntcfgoiv w~n ghfgoqgtjg v~f~hbno no|tn 7374 s hg lnfglg ln hiv gjciv >;/Zgtciv ln hiv fittnv{iovghnv cofh~sno no v~v fgt|gv lg|iv

vidtn hg zclg |tglcfciogh ln v~v fib~oclglnv "~og zclg |tglc"fciogh no hg w~n nhhiv g{nogv oi {gt|cfc{gdgo ; w~n tnbnbi"tgdgo fibi ~o tnf~ntli ln cojgofcg" n cofh~vi b~nv|tgv lnhg hc|ntg|~tg ln |tglcfc:o itgh no|tn nhCgv zgtciv tibgofnv/Nh {ti{ci [~hcli tnbc|c: ghe~oiv ln nviv tibgofnv g Bn"

onolnq [clgh/ S glnbgv {gt|n ln hiv fio|gf|iv lnh vnoglit hiv~|chcq: Bnonolnq [clgh f~goli nozc: "dnfgli {it hg A~o|g lnGb{hcgfc:o ln Nv|~lciv" g Bgo~nh Bgotcw~n ln Hgtg g `gfntnof~nv|gv bgvczgv s vcv|nbg|cfgv no|tn hiv vnjgtlcnv ln Itcno|n(no 7377# S ln Bgtt~nfiv (no 737>"737:#/ Nv {ivcdhn w~n hiv

4


10/22

fittnv{iovghnv ln [~hcli vctzcntgo g Bgotcw~n fibi jitbg ln{tnvno|gtvn n co|til~fctvn no hgv fib~oclglnv a~lcgv itcno|g"hnv ; lnh oit|n ln Bgtt~nfiv {nti {gtnfn w~n hiv fio|gf|ivlctnf|iv j~ntio {ifi {til~f|cziv fibi cojitbgo|nv {ti{cg"bno|n lcfìv= s fio tgq:o1 bcno|tgv hiv vnjgtlc|gv fio hiv w~nvn fgt|ngdg [~hcli ntgo eno|nv gfibilglgv {nt|nonfcno|nv ghg cofc{cno|n d~te~nvcg vnjgtlc w~n vn `gdcgo nl~fgli s zczcgog hg iffclno|gh vne~tgbno|n Bgotcw~n nofio|t: v~v bnaitnvcojitbgo|nv no|tn ìbdtnv s vidtn |ili b~antnv ln hgv fAgvnvbgv {i{~hgtnv s bnoiv ch~v|tglgv no|tn w~cnonv nv|gdg bgvzceno|n hg |tgovbcvc:o itgh ln vgdntnv s hg hc|ntg|~tg itgh(Lcgq"Bgv 4;;7#/I|ti ln hiv bgv {til~f|cziv fihgditglitnv ln Bnonolnq

[clgh no hg np{hitgfc:o lnh tibgofnti a~lninv{gjcih j~n {tn"fcvgbno|n ~o vnjgtlj ln \goent tnvclno|n no Hcvdig1 AivnDnoihcnh/ Oiv nofio|tgbiv gw~j o~nzgbno|n fio ~o fgvi {g"tnfcli gh ln Lgoio ; gh ln Eghgo|n1 ~o vnjgtlj f~h|czgli nl~"fgli g hg bgontg iffclno|gh {ihjehi|g {nti fioifnlit lnvlnhg cojgofcg lnh {g|tcbioci |tglcfciogh vnjgtlj/ Dnoihcnh nozc: gBnonolnq [clgh bgv ln fcno|i fcof~no|g tibgofnv s fgofci"onv w~n fioifcg {it |tglcfc:o {ti{cg ; ln hgv {ntviogv ln v~no|itoi fntfgoi= nh bcvbi {~dhcf: ~o hgtei gt|cf~hi no f~g|tino|tnegv (Dnoihcnh 734:"73>4# vidtn hg `gmc|cg ;a~lninv{gjcihln Bgtt~nfiv no ~og ln f~sgv {gt|nv {~dhcfg zgtciv tibgofnvs fgofcionv/Vco nbdgtei hg g{it|gfc:o ln Bnonolnq [clgh gh tibgofn"

ti vnjgtlc oi vn hcbc|: g cb{~hvgt hg tnfihnffc:o ln |np|iv nonof~nv|gv ln fgb{i s g nhgditgt ~o {tcbnt fg|ghiei ln hg |tg"lcfc:o vnjgtlc|g {gtg jgfchc|gt hg tnfihnffcio (73;: S tnnlv/#=bgv cb{it|go|n |ilgzcg j~n w~n |~zi no f~no|g hg |tglcfc:o vn"jgtlj no |iliv v~v nv|~lciv vidtn nh tibgofnti fibi no v~j~olgbno|ghhcdti ln 73>6/ ô ftc|ntci w~n `go fio|co~gli hivlcvfj{~hiv s vne~clitnv ln Bnonolnq [clgh (zngovn {it nanb"{hi hiv gt|jf~hiv tnfi{chgliv no Fg|ghgo 73:3 735;s 7335"

4


11/22

7330#/// S|gbdcno v~v ln|tgf|itnv ln jitbg w~n `is no ljg nvcofiofndcdhn gditlgt ~o nv|~lci vidtn nh tibgofnti `cv{gocfivco |ibgt no fiovclntgfc:o hg tgbg vnjgtlj/[gtghnhgbno|n nh tibgofnti vnjgtlc j~n tnfcdcnoli hg g|no"

fc:o ln nv|~lciviv ln hg hc|ntg|~tg lnvln hiv bgv lczntviv {~o"|iv ln zcv|g/ Nv{nfcgh tnhnzgofcg |~zcntio no v~v tnv{nf|cziv bi"bno|iv hiv |tgdgaiv ln Uchhcgb No|ucv|hn ({it nanb{hi v~|tgdgai vidtn Hg lgbg ln Gtgeio ln 7360 ;nh ln 73>7 vidtn nhFioln Ihcoiv# w~n nof~gltgtio nh tibgofnti `cv{gocfi no en"ontgh (s nh vnjgtlj no {gt|cf~hgt# no nh bgtfi lnh enonti co|nt"ogfciogh ln hg dghglg lnvf~dtcnoli co|ntnvgo|nv {gtghnhiv n co"jC~nofcgv ln dghglgv oi `cv{gocfgv (~og hcong ln coznv|cegfc:ow~n j~n h~nei fio|co~glg {it Gtbcv|ngl s Vchzntbgo no |i"liv v~v |tgdgaiv#= nh goghcvcv vnbc:|cfi lnh tibgofnti vnjgtljgditlgli lnvln lcv|co|gv {ntv{nf|czgv {it nv|~lciviv fibiEc~vn{{n lc V|njgoi ({it nanb{hi 73:5# ;Lcnei Fg|ghgo s v~vfihgditglitnv (no nh fg|ghiei ln 7304"730


12/22

dcno (no nh fgvi ln hiv tibgofnv vnjgtlcnv {~dhcfgliv {it vnjgt"lcnv# {it hg {~dhcfgfcio lcj~vcio s goghcvcv ln b~nv|tgv ln hg{ti{cg |tglcfc:o jgbchcgt ln hiv nv|~lciviv/[nti hiv vnjgtlc|gv |gbdcno cb{tcbcntio hc|ntg|~tg {gtg v~

{ti{ci ~vi {tcofc{ghbno|n no nlcfcionv ghagbcglgv/[ No|tn hiv|np|iv w~n cb{tcbcntio `gdcg |gbdcno hcdtc|iv ln fitlnh ghag"bcgliv fio tibgofnv/Hiv tibgofnv cb{tnviv no ghagbcg oi tnfcdcntio g|nofc:o ln

hiv nv|~lciviv `gv|g b~s |gtln {it tgqionv np{hcfgdhnv1 hiv ti"bgocv|gv n `cv{gocv|gv w~n j~ntio hiv {tcbntiv no if~{gtvn lnhtibgofnti vnjgtlj oi |nocgo gffnvi g nviv |np|iv {it lnvfioifc"bcno|i lnh ghjgdn|i `ndtni= s hiv `ndtgjv|gv |gb{ifi hnv {tnv|g"tio g|nofcio {it oi vnt hc|ntg|~tg `ndtng/ Vihi ghe~oiv ln hiv{tcbntiv nof~nv|glitnv (fibi nh bcvbi Bgo~nh Bgotcw~n lnHgtg ;Bgp Hni{ihl Ugeont# bgonagtio |np|iv ghagbcgliv bg"o~vftc|iv ; cb{tnviv s hiv |tgovftcdcntio no v~v nof~nv|gv (oivgdnbiv vc hiv hnsntio nhhiv {ntvioghbno|n ; vn hiv `cfcntiohnnt#/Hg vc|~gfc:o fgbdc: g {gt|ct ln hg lnfglg ln 735; {tcofc{gh"

bno|n {it hg hgdit ln Vgb~nh E/ Gtbcv|ngl s Aivn{` @/ Vch"zntbgo w~cnonv nb{nqgtio g nlc|gt s nv|~lcgt hiv tibgofnv co"fh~cliv no hcdtc|iv ghagbcgliv ln fitlnh cb{tnviv no lczntvgvfc~lglnv ln Itcno|n ({it nanb{hi no v~ hcdti fio @gvvgo ln7307#= nv{nfcgh cb{it|gofcg |cnon v~ nlcfcio s nv|~lci ln hivtibgofnv {~dhcfgliv {it ~o cb{tnvit ln Vghiocfg (7357#Sg%gfid Gdtg`gb Siog w~n no|tn jcoghnv lnh vcehi PCP s 734;{~dhcfi oi bnoiv ln if`i jihhn|c|iv fio tibgofnv glnbgv lni|tiv fio fi{hgv fib{~nv|gv {it nh bcvbi tnjtgonv |np|iv vg|c"tcfiv n|f/ Siog tn{tnvno|g g {tcofc{civ lnh vcehi PP hg go|j|nvcvln hiv {~dhcfcv|gv vnjgtlcnv nl~fgliv g hg iffclno|gh w~n {it nvgbcvbg n{ifg lgdgo g fioifnt nh tibgofnti vnjgtlc no tnzcv|gvgfglnbcfgv jtgofnvgv ; ln hiv gd~te~nvgliv vnjgtlc|gv fittnv"

> ^og vjo|nvcv ln hgv {tgf|cfgv nlc|itcghnv s hnf|itgv vnjgtljnv {~nln zntvn noLjgq"Bgv 4;;


13/22

{iovghnv ln [~hcli1 vn |tg|g ln ~o g~|it n cb{tnvit {i{~hgtfib{hn|gbno|n cobntvi no hg zclg |tglcfciogh w~n fib{iojgcb{tcbjg znolcg s `gv|g tnfc|gdg v~ {til~ffc:o s w~n vn lctcen|gbdcno g ~o {~dhcfi {i{~hgt no|tn nh w~n |ilgzjg {ntbgonfjgozcziv hg nl~fgfc:o s hiv biliv ln zclg |tglcfcioghnv s hg hc|ntg"|~tg g nhhiv g{gtnaglg/

>/ Tibgofnti vnjgtlc s b~vcfg vnjgtlc1 hgv fihnffcionvln `cbogtciv hc|~tecfivOi {ilnbiv ihzclgt w~n hiv tibgofnv vio vidtn |ili {inbgvogttg|cziv fgo|gdhnv w~n vn no|iogdgo bgv w~n vn tnfc|gdgo vn|tgovbc|cgo {it nh fgo|i s vn g{tnolcgo ln ijthiv fgo|gt/Nviv tibgofnv fgo|gliv |~zcntio ~o {g{nh cb{it|go|n no hg

zclg |tglcfciogh vnjgtlj= g{gt|n ln v~ ~vi {~tgbno|n `clcfi s lnno|tn|nocbcno|i vn ~|chcqgtio {gtg gfib{gjcgt b~f gv fctf~ov"|gofcgv zc|ghnv lnvln hgv bgv |tczcghnv s fi|clcgogv (fibi gf~"ogt g hiv ocjciv ; bgtfgt nh tc|bi ln |gtngv gt|nvgoghnv ; li"bnv|cfgv# `gv|g hiv bgv jnv|cziv (ghe~oiv tibgofnv vn ~vgtiofibi fgo|i tc|~gh no hgv fnhndtgfcionv lnh fcfCi zc|gh fibi hgdilg ; hg fctf~ofcvc:o# ; vihnbonv (|gh nv nh fgvi ln hiv tibgo"fnv w~n vn fgo|gdgo {gtg nolnf gt ;no ln|ntbcoglgv ifgvcionvhcoctecfgv#/Ghe~oiv tibgofnv s fgofcionv hhnegtio g vnt |go fioifcliv

w~n dgv|gdg bnofciogt v~ cofc{c| ; ~og jitb~hgfc:o vceocjcfg|c"zg {gtg w~n |ili nh b~oli {~lcntg clno|cjcfgthiv/ V~v bnhiljgvlndcntio vnt |go fioifclgv fibi v~v hn|tgv gvj vn np{hcfg w~nnofio|tnbiv cofc{c|v zntviv ln tibgofnv fgofcionv no fihnf"fcionv ln `cboiv s fgo|iv hcoctecfiv no `ndtni ({cs~|cb# vnjgt"ljnv {gtg colcfgt hg tbcvcfg fio hg w~n vn no|iogdg nh fgo|i vc"ogeiegh no f~nv|c:o/ [it 7 ; enontgh vn |tg|g ln bgo~vftc|iv~vgliv {it fgo|itnv vcogeieghnv (`gqgocb# fibi tnfitlg|itci ;g{isi ln v~ hgdit= g znfnv hiv bgo~vftc|iv {~nlno `gdnt {gvg"

4>;


14/22

li ln bgon no bgoi ln ~o fgo|it g i|ti g 7; hgtei ln zgtcgvenontgfcionv/Hiv {tcbntiv no {tnv|gt g|nofc:o g hg {tnvnofcg ln zntviv ln

tibgofnv `cv{gocfiv no `cbogtciv `ndtniv ln hiv vnjgtlcnvln Itcno|n j~n @goif` Gznogts (73:; 7357#= lnv{~nv Gtbcv"|ngl s Vchzntbgo np{hitgtio hg {tnvnofcg ln tibgofnv no fihnf"fcionv ln {cs~|cb (7356 7307#/ S gf|~ghbno|n nh b~vcfihieiNluco Vnti~vvc ln hg ^oczntvclgl @ndtng ln Ant~vghno {tn{gtg~o tn{nt|itci fib{hn|i ln hiv cofc{c|v ln tibgofnv s fgofcionv`cv{gocfiv nofio|tgliv no o~bntiviv bgo~vftc|iv (hg bgsitjgghagbcgliv# ln hiv vcehiv pz gh PCP (zngovn v~v gt|jf~hiv {tnhcbc"ogtnv ln 7336 s no {tnovg#= no|tn nhhiv `gs zntviv ln tibgofnvw~n oiv vio fioifcliv npfh~vczgbno|n {it hg |tglcfc:o itgh bi"lntog gh oi `gdntvn fiovntzgli ocoe~og zntvc:o go|ce~g fio 7;f~gh nv hg dtnzn fc|g no ~o `cbogtci vnjgtlc ({it nanb{hi lnhvcehi PZC ; PZCC# hg lif~bno|gfc:o bgv go|ce~g ln nvn |nbg ti"bgofjv|cfi/ No i|tgv ifgvcionv vn fib{t~ndg w~n nh fgo|i vc"ogeiegh `ndtni nv|g fiov|t~cli fibi ~o fio|tgjgf|~b lnh ti"bgofn `cv{gocfi lnh f~gh cbc|g oi v:7; {g|tionv tj|bcfiv vcoihg tcbg n cofh~vi hgv jitb~hgfcionv `ndtngv d~vfgo hg `ibiji"ocg fio hgv jitb~hgfcionv fgv|nhhgogv lnh tibgofn/No |ili fgvi hg {tnvnofcg ln zntviv ln tibgofnv no fihnf"

fcionv ln {cs~|cb `ndtniv oiv colcfgo hg {tij~olg cbdtcfgfc:olnh tibgofnti no hg f~h|~tg vnjgtlj1 oi v:7; ghe~oiv fgo|iv hc"octecfiv vn fgo|gdgo fio tbcvcfg ln tibgofnv fioifcliv vcoiw~n hiv bcvbiv {cs~|cb `ndtniv vn fiov|t~sntio g znfnv vidtnnh {g|t:o ln tibgofnv/

:/ Hiv f~glnbiv bgo~vftc|iv ; nh tibgofntifibi {g|tcbioci {ntviogh s jgbchcgtFibi sg `nbiv vnjcghgli hg bgsit {gt|n ln nv|iv `cbogtciv`ndtniv vio {tnfcvgbno|n bgo~vftc|iv fib{chgliv {ntviogh"

4>7


15/22

bno|n {it fgo|itnv vcogeieghnv fibi cov|t~bno|i ln g{isi lnv~ gf|czclgl {tijnvciogh/ No ghe~oi ln nv|iv bgo~vftc|iv ln `g"qgocb nofio|tgbiv glnbgv ln hiv fgo|iv hc|~tecfiv nv{ntgdhnv(no hiv w~n {~nlno vnccghgtvn ;oi zntviv ln tibgofnv fibi co"lcfgfc:o ln hg bnhilcg# g{gt|gliv no hiv w~n vn `go fi{cgli"gh bgteno ln hg j~ofc:o ~|chc|gtcg s {it {~ti e~v|i" tibgo"fnv s i|tiv fgo|iv |tglcfcioghnv1 |gh nv nh fgvi lnh bgo~vftc|i lnSgfiz @gqgo fib{chgli no hg cvhg ln Tilgv no|tn jcoghnv lnh vc"ehi PZCCC s {tcofc{civ lnh PP w~n fio|cnon vidtn |ili fgo|iv hc"octecfiv {nti no f~sgv |ch|cbgv `iagv `gs fgofcionv s tibgofnv{tijgoiv no a~lnigtgdn |~tfi s a~lninv{gccih (Gtbcv|ngl s Vch"zntbgo 73:4 77"53#/Vco nbdgtei hg fi{cg ln bgo~vftc|iv ln ~vi {ntviogh (no hiv

w~n b~f`gv znfnv vn cofh~sno tibgofnv# oi j~n {tgf|cfg npfh~"vczg ln hiv fgo|itnv vcogeieghnv/ S gvc |nonbiv lif~bno|glg hgnpcv|nofcg ln bgo~vftc|iv {ntvioghnv fio tibgofnv s fgofcionvno|tn hg {tcbntg bc|gl lnh vcehi PZCCC s hiv gcciv if`no|g lnhvcehi PP= v~ cb{it|gofcg nv glnbgv nv{nfcgh {gtg fioifnt hghc|ntg|~tg ln hiv vnjgtljnv oit|ngjtcfgoiv sg w~n no Bgtt~nfivoi npcv|c: cb{tno|g a~ljg "fibi vj hg `~di no hgv |cnttgv lnhcb{ntci i|ibgoi sg lnvln nh vcehi PZC" ln bili w~n hiv~ocfiv |np|iv a~lninv{gccihnv ln Bgtt~nfiv w~n oiv `go hhneglivio {tnfcvgbno|n hiv bgo~vftc|iv/Hg |c{ihiejg ln hiv bgo~vftc|iv tibgofjv|cfiv lcjcntn ln ~oiv

h~egtnv g i|tiv s ln ~ogv n{ifgv g i|tgv/ No hiv vcehiv PZCCC s PCPvio j~olgbno|ghbno|n fib{chgfcionv `nf`gv {it `ibdtnv nohgv w~n libcogo hiv |np|iv fio ~og j~ofcioghclgl no hg zclg tn"hcecivg ({cs~|cb no `ndtni s no a~lninv{gccih fi{hgv {gtghcoctec"fgv no a~lninv{gccih tibgofnv ln j~ofc:o tc|~gh no hgv jnv|czc"lglnv tnhcecivgv ; no hgv fntnbiocgv lnh fcfhi zc|gh# g~ow~n gznfnv {~nlgo `gdntvn fi{cgli |np|iv {tijgoiv {it nh bntn e~v"|i ln |nonthiv fiovntzgthiv s tnfitlgthiv/Vco nbdgtei g {gt|ct ln hgv {tcbntgv lnfglgv lnh vcehi PP s

`gv|g fgvc hiv ~bdtghnv lnh PPC vn lg ~o jno:bnoi ln nv{nfcgh4>4


16/22

co|ntnv1 hiv bgo~vftc|iv ln ~vi {ntviogh fib{chgliv {it b~an"tnv w~n "g~ow~n {~nlgo fio|nont fi{hgv {gtghc|~tecfgv ; |tg"l~ffcionv ln {cs~|cb no hglcoi" tnfieno vidtn |ili tibgofnvfgofcionv s i|tiv fgo|iv |tglcfcioghnv ;oi= no b~fìv vn cofh~"sno a~o|i g fgv|cfjvcbgv zntvcionv ln tibgofnv zcnaiv hn|tgv ln|goeiv ln f~{hnv ; ln fi{hg jihmh:tcfg nv{goihg/ No i|tgv {ghg"dtgv1 7 ; w~n fgo|gdgo hgv b~antnv vnjgtljnv lnh vcehi pp w~n co"fit{itgdgo g v~ tn{nt|itci ln fgo|gtnv (gvj vn lnoibcogdg noBgtt~nfiv |ili {inbg fgo|gli |tglcfciogh ;oi# |go|i hiv zcn"aiv tibgofnv g{tnolcliv ln v~v bgltnv ;gd~nhgv fibi hgv o~n"zgv hn|tgv ln bilg w~n hhnegdgo g |tgznv ln nv{nf|gf~hiv |ng|tg"hnv ln hg tglci ;ln hgv {tcbntgv etgdgfcionv no lcvfi/Lnvln hg lnfglg ln 730; vn `go cli lgoli g fioifnt nlc|go"

li s nv|~lcgoli zgtciv ln nv|iv bgo~vftc|iv vnjgtlcnv ln b~an"tnv vidtn |ili ln Bgtt~nfiv1 gvj no 7300 Iti Gogìts nlc|:~o {gt ln nv|iv bgo~vftc|iv fib{chgliv {it vnolgv b~antnv vn"jgtljnv ln \n|~go (H~og Dnoogcb s Nv|`nt Dnof`cbih# w~n `g"djgo cli g gvno|gtvn no Fgoglg fio v~v jgbchcgv fibi fiovn"f~nofcg ln ~oi ln |go|iv jno:bnoiv bcetg|itciv ln hg lcgv{itgvnf~olgtcg/ H~og Dnoogcb vco nbdgtei oi fi{c: ~o vihi bg"o~vftc|i1 si bcvbg `n lgli g fioifnt (733 s |gbdcno Vnti~vvc 4;;6# `gtnfcdcli ln v~v cojitbgo|nv bgttiw~jnv tnvclno|nv no Cvtgnh zg"tciv bgo~vftc|iv ln nv|n |c{i ghe~oiv ln nhhiv fio co|ntnvgo|jvc"bgv zntvcionv/ ôi ln hiv bgo~vftc|iv bgv go|ce~iv nv vco nb"dgtei nh fi{cgli no 736< {it hg |n|~goj tnvclno|n no \goent@ghcg Cvggf Fi`no f~siv tibgofnv `g nlc|gli s nv|~lcgli @c"hgts [ibntis (4;;>#/ Nh bgv tnfcno|n w~n fioiqfi nv nh fi{cg"li {it ~og vnjgtlj ln Ghfgqgtw~czct Fhgtg Dnoi~lcv no [gov g{tcofc{civ ln hg lnfglg ln hiv gjciv if`no|g lnh vcehi pp/$

: Vidtn nh f~glntoi ln fgo|gtnv ln Fhgtg Dnoi~lcv vn fnhndt: no hg ôczntvc"lgl ln Hcvdig no lcfcnbdtn ln 4;;< nh fioetnvi $Tibgofnv ln Ghfgfnt W~cdct$

4>6


17/22

G~ow~n hiv fgviv w~n `n bnofciogli `gv|g gìtg vio lnbgo~vftc|iv bgttiw~jnv |gbdcno vn lg nh bcvbi jnoibnoino|tn hgv vnjgtljnv ln Itcno|n1 sg no 7377 Bgo~nh Bgotcw~nln Hgtg |~zi no v~v bgoiv zgtciv bgo~vftc|iv ghagbcgliv fiotibgofnv ~oi ln nhhiv fi{cgli {it Nhcvg Di||io ~og aiznovghiocfnovn ln vihi 7< gjciv Tczmg @gzgvvs {tn{gtg gf|~gh"bno|n v~ |nvcv lif|itgh no hg ôczntvclgl @ndtng ln Ant~vghnovidtn vnoliv bgo~vftc|iv fi{cgliv {it Nbchs Vnon vnjgtlj lnNlcbn f~sg jgbchcg vn |tgvhgli g Nv|gbd~h s w~n no 734>nbcetn g F~dg s {iv|ntcitbno|n (no 7340# g Nv|gliv ôclivlioln zczci no O~nzg Sitm s Hiv Goenhnv= s {it Di~nog Vgt"jg|s"Egtjcomhn ln Vghiocfg w~n nbceti g [ghnv|cog |tgv hg vn"e~olg e~nttg b~olcgh s h~nei (fg/ 73


18/22

hg nbcetgfc:o= no b~f` gv ifgvcionv `gs ~og co|nofc:o cb{hc"fc|g ;np{tnvg ln nhgditgt nh bgo~vftc|i fibi hnegli g hiv v~"fnvitnv ; no bnbitcg ln hiv go|n{gvgliv1 gvc no ~oi ln hivbgo~vftc|iv bgonagliv {it V~vgog Uncf`"V`g`gm nh ln Gqc"d~nog Dgt~anh j~n fi{cgli no tnghclgl {it v~ `cag Jhitg w~cno{~vi fibi jtio|cv{cfci $Fgofcionv lnh Oit|n ln Bgtt~nfiv/Tibgofnv ln \n|~go G hg Vgo|g Bnbitcg ln hg Vnoitg Gqc"d~nog Dgt~anh fibi Tnf~ntli {gtg v~v `cagv Bntcgb Nv|`ntJhitg Dgt~anh s Tgf`nh Dgt~anh \n|~go Bgtt~nfiv$ dcno np"{tnvczi ln v~ zih~o|gl ln {tnvntzgt hg bnbitcg ln hg bgltn g|tgznv ln hiv fgo|gtnv s ln fioznt|ct nvn {g|tcbioci no ~o Cn"eglg jgbchcgt/Fgdn {tne~o|gtvn nh {it w~n ln nvg {tgf|cfg ln fib{chgfc:o

ln tibgofnv s fgofcionv no f~glnbiv ln b~antnv/ V~vgogUncf` `g tnfiecli no|tn v~v cojitbgo|nv nh |nv|cbioci ln w~nno Bgtt~nfiv hgv b~antnv fib{n|jgo no|tn nhhgv {it nhgditgtnh bgo~vftc|i bgv fib{hn|i s fio bgv |np|iv {nti 7 ; fcnt|inv w~n hg bgsitcg ln hgv g~|itgv ln hiv f~glnbiv w~n `go Chn"egli `gv|g oivi|tiv oi vn fioifjgo no|tn vj n cofh~vi {tifn"lcgo ln h~egtnv |go lcv{gtnv fibi Nlcbn s Ghfgqgw~czct ;fi"{cgtio hiv |np|iv no Nv|gliv ^ocliv no [gtjv ; no Fgoglg= gvjw~n oi |iliv hiv fgviv {~nlno np{hcfgtvn {it ~o gjgo ln nb~"hgfc:o no|tn {ntviogv ln ~o fjtf~hi tnhg|czgbno|n tnv|tcoeclivcoi `go ln lndntvn {it lnfcthi gvc g ~og cocfcg|czg {ihcenon"|cfg/ G w~n vn lndc: nvn cb{~hvi |go np|nolcli w~n hhnzi ghgv b~antnv vnjgtlcnv lnvln hg |ntfntg lnfglg lnh vcehi ppg {iont {it nvftc|i no vnofchhiv f~glnbiv nvfihgtnv hiv fgo"|gtnv w~n vn vgdcgo9Ftni w~n nv lndcli g ~o fgbdci no hg vc|~gfc:o vifcgh s f~h"

|~tgh/ Hgv b~antnv vnjgtljnv zgo |nocnoli gffnvi g hg nvfihgtc"qgfc:o s g hg f~h|~tg ln hiv hcdtiv lnvln jcoghnv lnh vcehi PCP(nv lnfct fio zgtcgv lnfglgv ln tn|tgvi fio tnv{nf|i g hiv zg"tionv# Nvgv b~antnv w~n gffnlno g hg nl~fgfc:o s g hg f~h|~tghcdtnvfg fiovntzgo |ilgzjg hiv vgdntnv |tglcfcioghnv tnfcdcliv

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{it |tgovbcvc:o itgh ln v~v bgltnv ; gd~nhgv= {it i|tg {gt|nvio fiovfcno|nv ln w~n hg nl~fgfc:o w~n tnfcdgo v~v `caiv n`cagv vntg sg "bgv |ilgzjg w~n hg v~sg {ti{cg" ~og jitbg"fc:o gfglnbcfg ln f~jci hcdtnvfi no hg w~n hg |tgovbcvc:oitgh ln vgdntnv (cofh~clg hg hc|ntg|~tg itgh# |noltg ~o {g{nh vn"f~olgtci s bgtecogh/ Glnbgv {it hg bcvbg n{ifg nh g~bno|iln hg nbcetgfc:o ln et~{iv jgbchcgtnv g i|tiv {gjvnv {til~fnnh lnvgttgcei fio tnv{nf|i gh gbdcno|n |tglcfciogh s nh gdgoli"oi ln hgv fiv|~bdtnv gofnv|tghnv (s nh ihzcli ln hg hc|ntg|~tg gnhCgv g{gtnaglg#/No nvg vc|~gfc:o ghe~ogv b~antnv vnjgtlcnv lnh vcehi pp lgo

nh {gvi ln fioznt|ctvn oi sg no ln{ivc|gtcgv ln hg |tglcfc:ovcoi no oi|gtcgv ln hg |tglcfc:o lnagoli fiov|gofcg {it nvftc|iln hg hc|ntg|~tg ln |tglcfc:o itgh= no {gt|n {gtg {tnvntzgthg{gtg vj bcvbgv {nti |gbdcno {gtg |tgovbc|ct nvn hnegli g v~vlnvfnolcno|nv/No nh gjgo ln nv|gv b~antnv {it tnfi{chgt f~glntoiv ln fgo"

|gtnv vn |tgvh~fno {~nv ~og fiofcnofcg ln hg {ti{cg clno|clglf~h|~tgh s ~og {iv|~tg gf|czg ln fiovntzgfc:o ln 7 ; w~n vn vcno|nfibi {gt|n ln ~o {g|tcbioci f~h|~tgh no zcgv ln np|cofc:o/

TNJNTNOFCGVGOG@ITS]H cd ti ucf q# I ti 7 30 0/ Fgofcionti Vn{`gtlc l~ W~ndnf

zih/ C B io|tngh F ihhnen l~ Z cn~p B io|tngh/GTBCV\NGLVgb~nh E/ 7350/ Nh Tibgofnti a~lni"nv{gccih no nhGtf`czi Bnonolnq [clgh (Fg|lhiei"Colcfn ln tibgofnv s fgo"fhionv# 6 zihv/ B gltcl Fg|nltg Vnb cogtci B nonolnq [clgh/

" s Aivn{` @/ VCHZN TBGO 73:4/ Lcn= tibgofnv `cv{locfiv no ~obgo~vftc|i vnjgtlc ln hg Cvhg ln Tilgv [ cv g ^o cz nt vc lg l/

" 7357/ \`n A~lni"V{gocvo Dghhgl F`g{diimv ij Sgfid Gdtg`gbSiol Dntmnhns"Hiv Goenhnv"Hioltnv ^ oczntvc|s ij F ghcjito cg[tnvv/7356/ @NC fgofcionti a~lni"nv{gjci h ln B gtt~nfiv no nh vce hi

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PZCCC(hofc{c|v ln hiv Dno"F~t#$ O~nzg Tnzcv|g ln Jchihiecg@cv{locfg 44 40;"43;/

GTBCV\NGLgb~nh E/ s Aivn{` @/ VCHZNTBGO353/ \tnv fghgv nonh Tibgofnti vnjgtlc (Tilgv Ant~vghno s Nv|gliv ^ocliv#|tgovftc{fcionv b~vcfghnv s nv|~lci ln Cvtgnh A/ Mg|q BgltclFgv|ghcg/" 7307/ $NC go|ce~i tibgofnti vnjgtlc1 fc|gv ln tibgofnv no `cb"ogtciv `ndtniv (vcehiv PZC"PCP#$O~nzg Tnzcv|g ln Jchihiecg @cv"{locfg 6; 6">74/

" 7304/ No |itoi gh tibgofnti vnjgtlc (@cv{gocvbi s dghfgocvbi lnhg |tglcfcio a~lninv{gccihg# Bgltcl Vnbcogtci Bnonolnq [clgh/

" s Cgfid B/ @GvvGO 7307/ Vncv tibgofntchhiv ln fitlnh vnjgt"lcnv Bgltcl Fgv|ghcg/

GZNOGTSgoif` 73:;/ $N|~lnv v~t Cn fgofcionti a~lni"nv{geoih(pztn n| PZCCnvcnfhnv#$ Vnjgtgl 4; 655"6360= 7< (7345# 765"7:0 73:"465"656>::">0;=7> (7340#4# 4>>"403/

FG\GHGOcnei n| gh/ 7304"0


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FG\GHGOcnei 4;;7/ Nh gtf`czi lnh Tibgofnti/ [g|tcbioci ln hg@~bgoclgl (@cv|itcg lif~bno|glg ln ~o vcehi ln @cv|itcg# zih/C Bgltcl J~olgfc:o Bnonolnq [clgh"ôczntvclgl Fib{h~|novn/

FI@NOA~lc|` 7300/ A~lni"V{gocv` Jihm Vioev co |`n Vn{`gtlcfFibb~oc|cnv ij Bio|tngh gol \itio|i1 V~tzczgh/ J~of|cio golF`goen Bio|tngh ôczntvc|s ij Bio|tngh/FTNUVFso| cg B/ 736> Tnf`ntf`nv v~t hn A~lni"Nv{geoih lgovhnv [gsv Dghmgocw~nv [gtcv Ltiq/

" 7353/ $\np|iv a~lni"nv{gccihnv ln Vgh:ocfg s Vgtganzi fio fi"bno|gtciv hcoe~cv|cfiv s ehivgtci$ Nv|~lciv vnjgtlcnv 437"4>0/

LGOIOGdtg`gb 703:/ $Tnf~nch ln tibgofnv a~lni"nv{geoihnvf go|nnv no \~tw~cn$ Tnz~n lnv N|~lnv A~cznv 64 703: 7;4"7464:6"45>= 66 744"7634>>"4:0/

LjGQ"BGV[ghibg 7334/ Hiv vnjgtlcnv1 @cv|itcg hnoe~g s f~h|~tgDgtfnhiog Tci{cnltgv ]|tgl~ffc:o gh coehnv1 Vn{`gtlcb/ \`n Anuvjtib V{gco {it Eniten M/ Q~fmnt F`cfgei"Hioltnv \`n ôc"zntvc|s ij F`cfgei [tnvv 730:R/

" 733"734/" 73>7/ $NC Fioln Ihcoiv$ Tnzcv|g ln Jchihiecg Nv{goihg 6>

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{{/ 7;7"706 sno Hiv tibgofnv ln Gbntcfg s i|tiv nv|~lciv Bg"ltcl Nv{gvg Fgh{n {{/ 77"47; :7"53"453

CursoDeLadino.com.ar - Cómo hemos llegado a conocer el romancero sefardí - Paloma Diaz Mas

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