Dan Omdal Presentation

7/28/2019 Dan Omdal Presentation

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Symptoms include:Chlorotic (yellow) needles

Stress cone cropReduced height growth


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8/47Windthrow, snags and stubs


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10/47Fungi spread primarily through and along roots.


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Armillaria root disease

caused by A. ostoyae


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Armillaria ostoyae A. mellea

A. gallica A. nabsnona A. gemini A. calvescens

A. cepistipes XI A. sinapina NABS IX, X

Causal Agents:


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Symptoms and signs:- Resin on the bark surfac- white mycelial fan


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Armillariaroot rot


16/47Armillaria travels through the soil via rhizomorphs


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Species susceptibility to A. ostoyae

Severely damaged Moderately damaged Seldom damaged

East-side Douglas-fir

Grand fir

White fir

West-side Douglas-fir

Ponderosa pine

Lodgepole pine

Western white pineSugar pine

Pacific silver fir

Noble fir

Subalpine fir

California red firWestern hemlock

Mountain hemlock

Engelmann spruce

Sitka spruce

Western redcedar

Western larch

Incense cedar

Port Orford cedar

l d d f l d


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De-laminated wood of laminated root rot

Ph lli s i ii b k f i f t d t


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Phellinus weiriion bark of infected root


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Ectotrophicmycelium

Setal hyphae(red whiskers)

F itb d f Ph lli s i ii


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Fruitbody of Phellinus weirii

S ibili l i d


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Susceptibility to laminated root rot:Highly susceptible:

Douglas-fir

Grand firMountain hemlock

Intermediately susceptible:Subalpine fir

Western larchTolerant:

Lodgepole pineWestern white pine

Resistant:Ponderosa pine

Western redcedar

Immune:All hardwoods are immune


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Annosus root disease

Heterobasidion annosum


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Spores of asexual form of H. annosumon infected wood


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Annosus root diseasefound on all

western conifers

Primary concern is on:

-true fir (s-type)-hemlock (s-type)-pine (p-type)


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I f ti i t t


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Infection in a root system:

Infectionl

evel

Years since infection

death decaytotal rootcolonization100%

Armillaria

Phellinus


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Control strategies include: Reducing inoculum

- < 30% slope- low hazard for mass wasting, erosion, compaction, etc.


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1977 1987

19922002


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Severely damaged Moderately damaged Seldom damagedEast-side Douglas-fir

Grand fir

White fir

West-side Douglas-fir

Ponderosa pine

Lodgepole pine

Western white pine

Sugar pinePacific silver fir

Noble fir

Subalpine fir

California red fir

Western hemlockMountain hemlock

Engelmann spruce

Sitka spruce

Western redcedar

Western larch

Incense cedar

Port Orford cedar

Control strategies (cont.):- Alternate species

*no difference in susceptibility in trees less than 15 years old

St t i ( t )


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Wildfire:

- has little effect on belowground Armillariasp.- may displace fire-intolerant hosts

Strategies (cont.);

Strategies (cont );


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Strategies (cont.);- Fertilization

*Nitrogen - may delay symptoms*Potassium alters root phenol:sugar

St t i ( t )


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Strategies (cont.):- Chemical agents

*effectiveness demonstrated on single stumps.*curatives likely uneconomical.

Other strategies:


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- Biological control

Hypholoma fasciculare

Other strategies:

*Operational effectivenessnot yet proven.

*Inadequate delivery.*No agents yet registered.


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Stan

ddevelop

ment

Chemical control with


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Chemical control withSporax

R

or Tim-BorR

recommended on:

-dry pine sites-all true fir sites-mixed conifer siteswhere true fir is favored

Minimum stump size fortreatment is ca. 10 inches


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Compares:- future stand conditions

and productivity.

- effects of inoculum onmanagement objective

- effects of silvicultural

prescriptions.


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Dan Omdal Presentation

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