DEBIDO PROCESO EN EL MARCO DE UN ESTADO SOCIAL Y DE JUSTICIA.docx

8/16/2019 DEBIDO PROCESO EN EL MARCO DE UN ESTADO SOCIAL Y DE JUSTICIA.docx

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DEBIDO PROCESO EN EL MARCO DE UN ESTADO SOCIAL Y DE JUSTICIA

Garantías Orgánicas:

Ind!ndncia:

Mintras "a garantía d ind!ndncia# n t$r%in&s gnra"s# !r&tg a" '()*rnt a in+(ncias ,trnas# " !rinci!i& d ind!ndncia *(nci&na" s -inc("aa dtr%inadas ,igncias dntr& d" !r&cs d.nidas c&%& "aind!ndncia d" '() *rnt a "as !arts / a" &0't& d" !r&cs& %is%!(dind& ntndrs dsd d&s ac!ci&ns:

a1 Ind!ndncia s(0'ti-a# 2( ata3 a a"g4n ti!& d c&%!r&%is& 2( " '() !(da tnr c&n " cas&5

01 Ind!ndncia &0'ti-a# r*rida a "a in+(ncia ngati-a 2( !(d tnrn " '() "a str(ct(ra d" sist%a# rstánd&" i%!arcia"idad# s dcir# si "sist%a n& &*rc s(.cints garantías !ara dstrrar c(a"2(ir d(dara)&na0"5

La ind!ndncia d" '() rc&n&c c(atr& 6rdns distint&s / 7ac a "a n&ci6nd" d0id& !r&cs& "ga"5 E""as s&n "a ind!ndncia *rnt a "as !arts# a"&0't& "itigi&s a "&s 6rgan&s d" P&dr J(dicia" / a "&s 6rgan&s !&"ític&s5

I%!arcia"idad:

E" drc7& d t&d& ci(dadan& 8a t&d&s "&s 2( san !art n " !r&cs& !na"8a (n !r&cs& sin di"aci&ns ind0idas & a 2( s( ca(sa sa &ída dntr& d (n!"a)& ra)&na0" & sin rtras s (n drc7& *(nda%nta" d nat(ra")aracci&na" 2( s dirig a "&s 6rgan&s '(dicia"s# crand& n ""&s "a &0"igaci6nd act(ar n (n !"a)& ra)&na0" " i(s !(nindi & d rc&n&cr /# n s( casrsta0"cr in%diata%nt " drc7& a "a "i0rtad5 La "nta racci6n '(dicia"#sin '(sti.caci6n# &rigina / !r&!icia (na ca(sa & %&ti-& n cirt& sntid& dds!na"i)aci6n !&r2( " r!r&c7 '(dicia" -in /a -iciad& !&r ,t%!&rán&5

Est drc7& n& s idnti.ca c&n " %r& inc(%!"i%int& d "&s !"a)&s!r&csa"s / c&%!&rta "a (ti"i)aci6n d (n c&nc!t& '(rídic& indtr%inad& 2(ncsidad sr d&tad& d c&ntnid& c&ncrt& n cada cas atndind& acritri&s &0'ti-&s c&ngr(nts c&n s( n(nciad& gn$ric&5 S( -("nraci6n s!r&d(c si%!r c&%& c&nsc(ncia d (na &%isi6n 2( ra"i)a (n 6rgan&

'(risdicci&na" s&0r a2(""a &0"igaci6n c&nstit(ci&na" d rs&"-r dntr& d "&s!"a)&s !r-ist&s "as !rtnsi&ns 2( s *&r%("n5


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La !ri%ra c&ndici6n !ara 'rcr st drc7& d st drc7& s 2( sinc(%!"an "&s !"a)&s !r-ist&s n "a "/9 c&rrs!&nd a "a a(t&ridad '(dicia"#!&r i%!ri& d" !rinci!i& d i%!("s& d &.ci -igi"ar / s(0sanar# n s( cas "c(%!"i%int& d "&s !"a)&s !r&csa"s5 La sg(nda c&ndici6n 8/ dcisi-a8 s2( sta di"aci6n & rtras& sa ind0id&9 s trata d (n c&nc!t& '(rídic&

indtr%inad c(/a a!rciaci6n d0 ra"i)ars cas& !&r cas& / sg4n "ascirc(nstancias# sind& d ana"i)ar trs "%nt&s !(nt(a"s: a1 "a c&%!"'idadd" as(nt& & ca(sa9 01 " c&%!&rta%int& d" agnt 8d "a act(aci6n d 0(na& %a"a * d!ndrá "a ca"i.caci6n d ind0id&8 n " c(rs& d" !r&cdi%int&9/# c1 "a actit(d d" 6rgan& '(dicia" dtr%inar si %di6 inacti-idad d s( !art#si *( " ca(sant d "as di"aci&ns15

Est drc7& -("nrad& ,ig d !art d "a a(t&ridad '(dicia" s( in%diat&rsta0"ci%int -a" dcir# "a %isi6n d "a rs&"(ci6n c(/a tardan)a s 7a!(st& d %ani.st sin !r'(ici& 8n s( cas&8 d dc"arar " drc7&ind%ni)at&ri& 2( asist a" !r'(dicad&9 !&r " Estad si "a di"aci6n s d0 a

(n *(nci&na%int& an&r%a" d "a ad%inistraci6n d '(sticia# & !&r " !artic("arc("!a0"# si a $" s d0 "a di"aci6n ind0ida5 Sin %0arg "a &!ci6n 2( -atnind& cada -) %a/&r c&nsistncia# s a2(""a 2( !&st("a dc"arar# '(nt& a"a -("nraci6n d" drc7& a" !"a)& ra)&na0"# "a rd(cci6n d "a !na 2(8c&%& %íni%&8 r2(riría s( r!araci6n5

Rs!&nsa0i"idad5

L&s 6rgan&s '(risdicci&na"s stán ,!(st&s a (n a%!"i& &rdn d

rs!&nsa0i"idads /a 2( n " ds%!3& d "a *(nci6n '(dicia" " %agistrad&!(d in*ringir rg"as d c&nd(cta 2( a*ctn 0ins '(rídica%nt t(t"ad&s/ 2( &riginn (n d0r gn$ric& d rs!&nsa0i"idad5 En st &rdn d idas!(dn disting(irs:

La rs!&nsa0i"idad d" J() *rnt a" Estad 2( tin !&r .na"idad 4nica /,c"(si-a "a d dstit(ir a" '() in7a0i"itar" !ara " 'rcici& d "a !&tstad

'(risdicci&na"# sg4n "&s cas&s !&r %di& d" '(ici& !&"ític& & '(ri dn'(icia%int&5

La rs!&nsa0i"idad d" J() *rnt a "a Ad%inistraci6n d J(sticia# "a c(a"

s&%t a" '() a n&r%as $ticas ad%inistrati-as d c&%!&rta%int& c(/ain*racci6n s !r-ista / sanci&nada sg4n "a distinta gra-dad d "as *a"tas 2(" '() c&%ta n " 'rcici& d "a *(nci6n rs!&nsa0i"idad disci!"inaria# -rL/ Orgánica d" P&dr J(dicia"15

La rs!&nsa0i"idad d" J() *rnt a "a S&cidad c(and& "a *(nci6n '(dicia" 7asid& (ti"i)ada d&"&sa%nt !ara "a c&%isi6n d 7c7&s d"icti-&srs!&nsa0i"idad !na"15


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La rs!&nsa0i"idad d" J() *rnt a trcr&s c(and& d&"&sa & c("!&sa%nt 7ara"i)ad& act&s n 'rcici& d s(s *(nci&ns 2( !r&d(cn !r'(ici&s a "&s

'(sticia0"s & trcr&s5 En cirt&s rgí%ns# "as d%andas d rs!&nsa0i"idadci-i" c&ntra "&s '(cs n "&s t$r%in&s d" artíc("& ;;;< d" C6dig& Ci-i" ,ign" dsa*(r& d" %agistrad "& 2( n& &c(rr n n(stra !r&-incia n d&nd

s6"& s dtr%ina (na c&%!tncia s!cí.ca "a d "a C&rt S(!r%a1 a"*ct&5

S!araci6n ntr J() / Ac(saci6n

La s!araci6n ntr '() / ac(saci6n# caractrística d" %&d"& ac(sat&risigni.ca n& s6"& "a di*rnciaci6n nt "&s s('t&s 2( dsarr&""an *(nci&ns dn'(icia%int& / "&s 2( tinn atri0(idas "as d !&st("aci6n# sin& ta%0i$n "!a!" d !art asignad& a" 6rgan& d "a ac(saci6n5 Est !rinci!i& r!rsnta "ac&ndici6n sncia" d "a i%!arcia"idad d" '() rs!ct& a "as !arts d "a ca(sa/ ta%0i$n " !rs(!(st& d "a carga d "a i%!(taci6n / d "a !r(0a d "ai%!(taci6n s&0r "a ac(saci6n5

Es c"ar& 2( n (n !r&cs& n " 2( "a ac(saci6n stá atri0(ida a "a !art&*ndida & a s('t&s !ri-ad&s s&"idari&s c&n ""a# "a acci6n !na" sncsaria%nt *ac("tati-a / ng&cia0"5 Pr& n " %&%nt& n 2( "aac(saci6n# s 7ac !40"ica# tant& " caráctr *ac("tati-& c&%& "a !&si0i"idad dng&ciaci6n s&0r "a acci6n !na" rs("tan a0s&"(ta%nt in'(sti.cad&s5 Y si7an !r%ancid& s s6"& !&r2( !r&!ician (na !r-rsi6n !&"icia" in2(isiti-ad" !r&cs 2( !r%it a" ac(sad&r !40"ic& ,t&rsi&nar a" ac(sad& /

c&nstr3ir"& a c&"a0&rar c&n c&n*si&ns & dc"araci&ns5

J() Nat(ra"

E" drc7& a sr '()gad& !&r (n '() nat(ra" & rg("ar / !r8c&nstit(id& stá,!rsa%nt c&nsagrad& n " Artíc("& =5; d "a C&n-nci6n A%ricana dDrc7&s >(%an&s / " ;?5; d" Pact& Intrnaci&na" d "&s Drc7&s Ci-i"s /P&"ític&s5

Ta" garantía i%!"ica 2(# " 6rgan& '(dicia" 7a d !r,istir a" act& !(ni0"# 7ad tnr (n caráctr !r%annt# d!ndint d" P&dr J(dicia"# / crad&%diant "/# c&n c&%!tncia ,c"(si-a# ind"ga0" / (ni-rsa" !ara '()gar" 7c7& n c(sti6n5

S(!&n ta%0i$n# (na i%!"ícita !r&7i0ici6n d crar &rganis%&s ad87&c & !&st8*act&9 tri0(na"s & c&%isi&ns s!cia"s !ara '()gar "&s act&s !(ni0"s# sin


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atndr a "a nat(ra")a d" act& ni a" ti!& d !rs&na 2( "& c&%ta5 E" '()nat(ra" 7a d tnr (n caráctr !r-i& / !r%annt5

Est !rinci!i& *(nci&na c&%& (n instr(%nt& ncsari& d "a i%!arcia"idad /c&%& (na garantía *rnt a "a !&si0" ar0itraridad d "a act(aci6n d "&s!&drs d" Estad& n !r'(ici& d "&s ci(dadan&s5

O0"igat&ridad d "a Acci6n Pna"

E" %&d"& ac(sat&ri& s(!&n ncsaria%nt "a &0"igat&ridad / "airr-&ca0i"idad d "a acci6n !na" !&r !art d "&s ac(sad&rs !40"ic&s#ind!ndint%nt r!rsntant5

E,ist (n n,& indis&"(0" ntr &0"igat&ridad d "a acci6n !na" ind!ndncia /# a "a in-rsa# ntr discrci&na"idad / d!ndncia &

rs!&nsa0i"idad1 !&"ítica d" %inistri& !40"ic&5 Ya 2( ta%0i$n "aind!ndncia d "a ac(saci6n !40"ica s '(sti.ca c&n "a s('ci6n s&"a%nt a"a "/ / c&n " !rinci!i& d ig(a"dad d" 2( "a &0"igat&ridad d "a acci6n !na"s (n c&r&"ari&5

GARANTIAS PROCESALES

Las Garantías Pr&csa"s: Es "a sg(ridad 2( s &t&rga !ara i%!dir 2( "g&c *cti-& d "&s drc7&s *(nda%nta"s sa c&nc("cad& !&r " 'rcici&d" !&dr stata" /a sa "i%itand& s !&dr & r!"ind& " a0(s&9 7a0"ar dgarantías s 7a0"ar d %canis%&s '(rídic&s 2( i%!idn (n (s& ar0itrari& &ds%did& d "a c&rci6n !na"5

Estas Garantías Pr&csa"s# r!rsntan " %&d& d c(%!"ir c&n "&s !rinci!i&sd Sg(ridad J(rídica# d Ig(a"dad ant "a L/ / d E2(idad# !ara asg(rar "aGarantía Gnra" d" D0id& Pr&cs d (na %anra ta" 2( s !(da -itar2( " stad& n 'rcici& d s( !&dr !(niti- a-asa"" @ %n&sca0 "&sdrc7&s *(nda%nta"s d s(s 7a0itants5 Estas Garantías stánC&nstit(ci&na"%nt !r&tgidas n t&d&s "&s !aíss d%&crátic&s5

La C&nstit(ci6n d (n !aís c&nstit(/ "a c&"(%na -rt0ra" d "&s !&st("ad&s!&"ític&s id&"6gic&s r"aci&nad&s c&n "a str(ct(raci6n d" stad& / d"*(nci&na%int& %acr& d s(s di-rsas ra%as# así c&%& " s3a"a%int& d "&s&0'ti-&s# ,!ctati-as# s!ran)as / %di&s c&n 2( s 7a d c&ntar !ara


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c(%!"ir "a .na"idad 4"ti%a c(a" s "a ra"i)aci6n indi-id(a" / c&"cti-a d "&s%i%0r&s 2( intgran "a c&%(nidad naci&na"5

C&%& c&nsc(ncia d ta"s !rs!cti-as# "a C&nstit(ci6n c(%!" (na *(nci6n*(nda%nta"%nt n&r%ati-a / rg("ad&ra# / "&s c6dig&s# "/s / n&r%as 2(c&n !&stri&ridad s dictn tinn c&%& &0'ti-& 0ásic "a rg"a%ntaci6ndta""ada d t&da a2(""a s(0str(ct(ra# s( *(nci&na%int &0'ti-&s# %di&s#"i%itaci&ns / &0-ia%nt "&s drc7&s / d0rs in7rnts a "&s %i%0r&sd "a s&cidad5 En ta"s circ(nstancias# "&s c6dig&s / "/s d (na naci6nd0n star !r*cta%nt ar%&ni)ad&s c&n "a L/# "&s '(cs a" a!"icar"&s# /"&s ci(dadan&s a" intr!rtar"&s# d0n 7acr"a c(%!"ir# tnind& n c(ntas&s !ará%tr&s !&"ític&s id&"6gic&s 2( n(trn c&nstit(ci&na"%nt t&da "an&r%ati-idad d (na naci6n5

Es así c&%& "a C&nstit(ci6n d "a R!40"ica B&"i-ariana d n)("a# c&nsagra" accs& a "a '(sticia c&%& drc7& in7rnt a" sr 7(%an s dcir# 2(

c&nstit(/ (n drc7& *(nda%nta" " accs& a "&s 6rgan&s d "aad%inistraci6n d '(sticia !ara 7acr -a"r s(s drc7&s intrss# inc"(s& -a%as a""á c(and& c&nt%!"a a "&s c&"cti-&s & di*(s&s# a "a t(t"a *cti-a d "&s%is%&s / a &0tnr c&n !r&ntit(d "a dcisi6n c&rrs!&ndint5 ART5


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rs!&nsa0i"idad s&cia" / gnra"# "a !r%inncia d "&s drc7&s 7(%an&s# "a$tica / " !"(ra"is%& !&"ític&5

Dn&%inaci6n 2( s inc&r!&r6 sig(ind& "a tradici6n d" c&nstit(ci&na"is%&c&nt%!&rán&5 P&r &tra !art# "a ida d Estad& S&cia" s "a d (n Estad& c&n&0"igaci&ns s&cia"s 2( !r&c(ra d "a '(sticia s&cia"# "& 2( "& ""-a aintr-nir n "a acti-idad c&n6%ica / s&cia" c&%& Estad& Prstaci&na"# ta"caráctr s&cia" dri-a !rinci!a"%nt d" -a"&r *(nda%nta" d "a ig(a"dad / n&discri%inaci6n 2( dri-a d" !rá%0("& / d" artíc("& ; d" t,t& r*rid& 2(ad%ás d drc7& *(nda%nta" s " !i"ar d act(aci6n d" Estad / d "adc"araci6n d" !rinci!i& d "a '(sticia s&cia" c&%& 0as d" sist%a5

Asi%is% ntr "&s .ns d" Estad& s nc(ntra " d "as GarantíasC&nstit(ci&na"s# ta" c&%& "& dtr%ina " artíc("& d "a act(a" Carta Magna#2( !rcisa c&%& "a garantía %ás i%!&rtant# "a d" c(%!"i%int& d "&s!rinci!i&s# drc7&s / d0rs c&nsagrad&s# "& c(a" a "a -) s (n -a"&r

*(nda%nta" d" Estad&5 L& 2( i%!"ica 2( " accs& a "a '(sticia s (ndrc7& d strict& c(%!"i%int& c&nsidrad& c&%& -a"&r *(nda%nta" n (nEstad& D%&crátic& / S&cia" d Drc7&5 A tra-$s d "&s c(a"s s nc(ntran%arcad& dntr& d "&s *(nda%nt&s / a"cancs d "&s drc7&s d "a!rs&na 7(%ana / " trata%int& c&nstit(ci&na" d" drc7& d" accs& a "a

'(sticia# i%!&nind& ad%ás# s( &!rati-idad c&%& drc7& %atria" / st& sda c(and& s sta0"c 2(: t&da !rs&na tin drc7& d accs& a "&s6rgan&s d "a ad%inistraci6n d '(sticia5

Pr& a" %is%& ti%!& t&das "as !rs&nas tinn drc7& a sr a%!aradas !&r"&s tri0(na"s n " g&c / 'rcici& d "&s drc7&s / garantías

c&nstit(ci&na"s# a4n a2(""&s in7rnts a "a !rs&na 2( n& .g(rn,!rsa%nt n n(stra C&nstit(ci6n / n "&s instr(%nt&s intrnaci&na"ss&0r drc7&s 7(%an&s# c&nsidrand& 2( "a d*nsa s (n drc7&in-i&"a0" n t&d& stad& / grad& d" !r&cs&5

E" accs& a "a '(sticia ""-a c&nsig& &tr&s drc7&s ntr "&s 2( s dstacan# "drc7& a sr &íd " !rinci!i& d "a t(t"a '(dicia" *cti-a# 2( sg4n "aC&%isi6n Intra%ricana d "&s Drc7&s >(%an&s# !(d trad(cirs n "agarantía d "a "i0r ntrada a "&s tri0(na"s !ara "a d*nsa d "&s drc7&s

intrss *rnt a" !&dr !40"ic a(n c(and& "a "ga"idad &rdinaria n& 7a/arc&n&cid& (n rc(rs& & acci6n c&ncrt&s5 Ta%0i$n di'& "a C&%isi6n 2( "aincrtid(%0r & *a"ta d c"aridad n "a c&nsagraci6n d "&s r2(isit&s dad%isi0i"idad d (na acci6n !(d c&nstit(ir (na -i&"aci6n a s drc7&*(nda%nta"5 E" rc(rs& snci""& / rá!id& a%!arad& !&r "a C&n-nci6nA%ricana i%!id 2( " accs& a "a '(sticia s c&n-irta n (n dsagrada0"

'(g& d c&n*(si&ns n dtri%nt& d "&s !artic("ars5


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E" Drc7& a "a t(t"a '(dicia" *cti-a# rg("ad& n " artíc("&


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dd(cci&ns n 2( " '() dis!&n d "as *ac("tads d dn&taci6n#-ri.caci6n# c&nn&taci6n / dis!&sici6n5

Est !rinci!i& stá c"ara%nt d"i%itad& n n(stra C&nstit(ci6n5 D ac(rd&

a ""a# t&da !rs&na tin drc7& a 2( s " ad%inistr '(sticia !&r tri0(na"s2( starán ,!dit&s !ara i%!artir"a n "&s !"a)&s / t$r%in&s 2( .'n "as"/s# d %anra !r&nta# c&%!"ta# i%!arcia" / grat(ita# !&r "& 2( nadi!(d 7acrs '(sticia !&r sí %is%a# sta s ra"i)a %diant (n '(ici& sg(id&ant "&s tri0(na"s !r-ia%nt sta0"cid&s# n " 2( s c(%!"an "as*&r%a"idads sncia"s d" !r&cdi%int& / c&n*&r% a "as "/s ,!didasc&n antri&ridad a" 7c7&5

GARANTIA PRESUNCION DE INOCENCIA

Esta garantía stá c&nsagrada n " Art5?F Ord5< / Artic("& = d" C6dig&Orgánic& Pr&csa" Pna"# s (na !&sici6n d -nta'a 2( "a C&nstit(ci6natri0(/ a" ci(dadan& 2( s nc(ntra n !&sici6n d !art d%andada5C&nsist n atri0(ir" d ntrada "a ca"idad d !rs&na in&cnt / n n&&0"igar" a 7acr nada !ara d%&strar" !&r "& c(a" n& tin 2( !r&c(!arsd !r&0ar s( in&cncia# " 0asta / " s&0r "a !asi-idad %ás a0s&"(ta5

E" trrn& a0&nad& d "a !rs(nci6n d in&cncia s cirta%nt "a !r(0a5

D 7c7& "a D&ctrina c&ns&"idada tras ritradas rs&"(ci&ns !(d rs(%irsc&%& sig(:

Ds-irt(ar "a !rs(nci6n d in&cncia ,ig ant t&d& (na %íni%a acti-idad!r&0at&ria5

S&"& s c&nsidra acti-idad !r&0at&ria "a 2( sg4n "a "/ tin caráctr dta"5 Ant t&d& n& !(dn c&nsidrars c&%& acti-idad !r&0at&ria "as %rasdi"igncias d instr(cci6n# 2( s&"& tinn nat(ra")a d ta"s / n& d act&s d!r(0a5 Sir-n !ara *(ndar "a ac(saci6n !r& n& !ara sntnciar5

S&"& "as !arts d%andants tinn "a carga d !r&0ar "a ac(saci6n# ds(%inistrar n " %&%nt& !r&csa" adc(ad& s(.cints !r(0as d carg&2( !(dan ds-irt(ar "a !rs(nci6n d in&cncia5 Si dic7as !r(0as d carg&n& s ""gan a !r&d(cir# "a !rs(nci6n d in&cncia s %antin / !r&cd "aa0s&"(ci6n d" d%andad&5 Si d 7a0rs a!&rtad& dic7as !r(0as " Tri0(na"n& rs("tas c&n-ncid& ta%0i$n 7a d *a""ar c&n " !rinci!i& in d(0i& !r& r&5


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Rs("ta !&r "& tant 2( "a garantía c(0r t&d&s / cada (n& d "&s %&%nt&sd "a acti-idad !r&0at&ria / !(gna !&r s&0r-i-ir a "&s %0ats d "a d%anda5S&"& "as !r(0as d carg& c&nc"(/nts 7acn !rdr a" ci(dadan& dic7a!&sici6n d -nta'a# tras " s&%ti%int& a "a disci!"ina d" '(ici& ci-i"5

Esta garantía s rc&n&cida dsd "a Dc"araci6n d "&s Drc7&s d">&%0r / d" Ci(dadan& d "a R-&"(ci6n rancsa5

Dc"araci6n Uni-rsa" d "&s Drc7&s >(%an&s d "a Organi)aci6n d "asNaci&ns Unidas# Art5 ;;# n "a C&n-nci6n A%ricana s&0r Drc7&s>(%an&s Pact& d San J&s$1 d ;F=5

Pact& Intrnaci&na" d Drc7&s Ci-i"s / P&"ític&s#

L/ d Li0rtad Pr&-isi&na" Ba'& ian)a F8;


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E,ist &tra *&r%a"idad dn&%inada (r""a5 La 2(r""a# s " act& !r&csa"2( c&nsistnt n (na dc"araci6n d -&"(ntad dirigida a" 6rgan& '(risdicci&na"c&%!tnt# !&r "a 2( " s('t& d "a %is%a# ad%ás d !&nr nc&n&ci%int& d a2($"# "a n&ticia cri%inis c&%& n&ticia cri%ina"# 'rcita "aacci6n !na"# rg("ánd&s act(a"%nt n " C6dig& Pr&csa" Pna"5

rgan& ant 2(in s *&r%("a: La dn(ncia !(d *&r%("ars ant c(a"2(ira(t&ridad '(dicia"# *(nci&nari& d" Ministri& isca" & d "a P&"icía5 En ca%0i "a2(r""a 7a d intr!&nrs ant " 6rgan& '(risdicci&na" c&%!tnt5

S('t&s d "a dn(ncia / "a 2(r""a: La dn(ncia# !&r "& gnra"# s (n d0r#

%intras 2( "a 2(r""a s (n drc7 gnra"%nt5

a1 La dn(ncia# s (na &0"igaci6n 2(# !&r rg"a gnra"# i%!&n " Estad&!ara &0tnr "a c&&!raci6n ci(dadana n "a "(c7a c&ntra " d"it&5

01 La 2(r""a# n ca%0i c&nstit(/# !&r rg"a gnra"# (n drc7&: t&d&s "&sci(dadan&s# 7a/an sid& & n& &*ndid&s !&r " d"it !(dn 2(r""ars c(and&s trat d (n d"it& !40"ic (ti"i)and& "a acci6n !&!("ar9 / ta%0i$n !(dn2(r""ars "&s ,tran'r&s !&r "&s d"it&s c&%tid&s c&ntra s(s !rs&nas &0ins# & "as !rs&nas & 0ins d s(s r!rsntad&s5

&r%a"idads d "a 2(r""a:

L&s r2(isit&s *&r%a"s d "a %is%a s&n:

S !rsntará si%!r !&r %di& d Pr&c(rad&r c&n !&dr 0astant /s(scrita !&r Ltrad&5

D0 c&ntnr:

E" J() & Tri0(na" ant 2(in s !rsnt9

E" n&%0r# a!""id&s / -cindad d" 2(r""ant9


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E" n&%0r# a!""id&s / -cindad d" 2(r""ad&5 En cas& d ign&rars stascirc(nstancias# s d0rá 7acr "a dsignaci6n d" 2(r""ad& !&r "as s3as 2(%'&r !(dan dar" a c&n&cr9

La r"aci6n circ(nstanciada d" 7c7 c&n ,!rsi6n d" "(gar# a3 %s# día/ 7&ra n 2( s 'c(t6# si s s(!irn9

Las di"igncias 2( d0an !racticars !ara "a c&%!r&0aci6n d" 7c7&9

La !tici6n d 2( s ad%ita "a 2(r""a# s !racti2(n "as di"ignciasr*ridas# s !r&cda a "a dtnci6n / !risi6n d" !rs(nt& c("!a0" & a ,igir""a .an)a d "i0rtad !r&-isi&na"# / s ac(rd " %0arg& d s(s 0ins n "acantidad ncsaria# n "&s cas&s n 2( así !r&cda9

La .r%a d" 2(r""ant & "a d &tra !rs&na a s( r(g si n& s(!ir & n&!(dir .r%ar# c(and& " Pr&c(rad&r n& t(-ir !&dr s!cia" !ara *&r%("ar "a2(r""a1 d" a0&gad& / d" !r&c(rad&r5

R2(isit&s d "a ad%isi0i"idad: E" 2(r""ant !rstará .an)a d "a c"as /c(antía 2( .' " 6rgan& '(risdicci&na"# !ara rs!&ndr d "as rs("tas d"!r&cs&5

Están ,nt&s d "a &0"igaci6n d !rstar .an)a:

E" &*ndid& / s(s 7rdr&s & r!rsntants "ga"s5

En "&s d"it&s d 7&%icidi& " -i(d& & -i(da# "&s ascndints /dscndints c&nsang(ín&s & a.ns# "&s c&"atra"s c&nsang(ín&s &(trin&s / a.ns 7asta " sg(nd& grad "&s 7rdr&s d "a -ícti%a / "&s!adrs# %adrs 7i'&s n& %atri%&nia"s rs!ct& d "a %adr n t&d& cas /rs!ct& d" !adr# c(and& st(-irn rc&n&cid&s5

La ,nci6n d .an)a n& s a!"ica0" a "&s ,tran'r&s si n& "s c&rrs!&ndisn -irt(d d tratad&s intrnaci&na"s & !&r " !rinci!i& d rci!r&cidad5

P&r &tra !art# c(and& s trata d dtr%inad&s d"it&s !ri-ad&s !rsg(i0"sa instancia d !art1# "a ad%isi0i"idad d "a 2(r""a -in dtr%inada !&rcirt&s r2(isit&s !r-i&s & !rs(!(st&s# a sa0r:


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Si "a 2(r""a t(-ir !&r &0't& (n 7c7& 2( r-ista "&s caractrs d d"it&!rsg(i0" s&"a%nt a instancia d !art# 7a0rá d ac&%!a3ars a "a %is%a"a crti.caci6n 2( acrdit 7a0rs c"0rad& & intntad& " act& dc&nci"iaci6n ntr 2(r""ant / 2(r""ad&5

En "as 2(r""as r"ati-as a d"it&s d ca"(%nia & in'(ria ca(sadas n '(ici7a0rá d !rsntars# ad%ás d "a crti.caci6n r*rida# "a "icncia d" J() &

Tri0(na" 2( 7(0is c&n&cid& d a2($"5 C&nstit(ci6n n !art d" s('t& d "a2(r""a: La 2(r""a s (na dc"araci6n d -&"(ntad# %diant "a c(a" 2(in "a*6r%("a n& s6"& !&n n c&n&ci%int& d" J() (n&s 7c7&s !&si0"%ntd"icti-&s# sin& 2( ,!rsa "a -&"(ntad d 'rcitar "a acci6n !na"#c&nstit(/$nd&s n !art n " c&rrs!&ndint !r&cs&5

E*ct&s d "a dn(ncia / d "a 2(r""a:

En "a 2(r""a# " 6rgan& '(risdicci&na" c&%!tnt# ds!($s d ad%itir"a si*(ra !r&cdnt# %andará !racticar "as di"igncias 2( n ""a s !r&!(sirn#sa"-& "as 2( c&nsidr c&ntrarias a "as "/s# inncsarias & !r'(dicia"s !ara" &0't& d "a 2(r""a# "as c(a"s dngará n rs&"(ci6n %&ti-ada# así c&%&ta%0i$n dssti%ará n "a %is%a *&r%a "a 2(r""a# c(and& "&s 7c7&s n2( s *(nda n& c&nstit(/an d"it& & c(and& n& s c&nsidr c&%!tnt !arainstr(ir " s(%ari& &0't& d "a %is%a5

P&r &tra !art# n& !(d 7a0"ars d dsisti%int& n "a dn(ncia !(st& 2(#

(na -) !rsntada# " dn(nciant ni stá &0"igad& ni tin *ac("tads !arara"i)ar acti-idad !r&csa" a"g(na# /a 2( n& s !art19 En ca%0i "2(r""ant !(d -rs &0"igad& a ra"i)ar acti-idads !&stri&rs# c(/a n&ra"i)aci6n 2(i-a" a" dsisti%int " c(a" !(d sr ,!rs& & tácitntndi$nd&s 2( s tácit& !ara "as 2(r""as !&r d"it&s !ri-ad&s9 n *ct&:

Si "a 2(r""a *(s d"it& 2( n& !(da sr !rsg(id& sin& a instancia d!art# s ntndrá a0and&nada !&r " 2( "a 7(0is intr!(st& c(and&d'as d instar " !r&cdi%int& dntr& d "&s ; días sig(ints a "a

n&ti.caci6n d" a(t& n 2( " J() & " Tri0(na" así "& 7(0is ac&rdad&5

S tndrá ta%0i$n !&r a0and&nada "a 2(r""a c(and !&r %(rt & !&r7a0rs inca!acitad& " 2(r""ant !ara c&ntin(ar "a acci6n# n& c&%!arcirning(n& d s(s 7rdr&s & r!rsntants "ga"s a s&stnr"a dntr& d "&s


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días sig(ints a "a citaci6n 2( a" *ct& s "s 7ará# dánd&"sc&n&ci%int& d "a 2(r""a5

LA CARGA Y APRECIACION DE LA PRUEBA5

C(and& s 7a0"a d "a n&%nc"at(ra & tr%in&"&gía d "a !r(0a '(risdicci&na"#s ncsari n !ri%r "(gar# sta0"cr 2( s !r(0a !ara " !r&cs&

'(risdicci&na" / c(á" s s( .na"idad & *(nci6n n " %is%&5

La !r(0a s (n stad& d c&sas# s(sc!ti0" d c&%!r&0aci6n / c&ntradicci6n#2( tin "(gar n " !r&cs& d c&n*&r%idad c&n "a "/# !ara !r&d(circ&n-nci%int n& s&"& n " '()# sin& n "as !arts / n " !40"ic s&0r "a-racidad & *a"sdad d "&s 7c7&s d" !r&cs& /# c&nsig(int%nt# !aras(stntar "as dcisi&ns5 Es stad& d c&sas# 2( !(d c&nsistir n (n &0't&2( c&n.sas# &tr& 2( rind tsti%&ni " '() 2( ins!cci&na# (n ,!rt&

2( ana"i)a / dicta%ina# (n d&c(%nt& 2( dic a"g& & (n &0't& 2( indica &s(gir a"g c"ar& nt&ncs 2( s stad& d c&sas n " !r&cs& a" 2(""a%a%&s !r(0a s intr&d(cid& a st a tra-$s d "&s ""a%ad&s %di&s d!r(0a & %di&s !r&0at&ri&s5

PRINCIPIOS

E" !rinci!i& d a!rciaci6n d "as !r(0as: " artíc("& a/ "i0rtad d !r(0a5

La carga d "a !r(0a c&rrs!&nd a" Estad& / 2( !&r tant& s a "&s*(nci&nari&s 2( 'rcn "a r!rsi6n 2(ins d0n d%&strar "a ,istnciad" 7c7 "a in*racci6n d "a n&r%a !na"# "a a(t&ría / "a rs!&nsa0i"idad!na"# !&r2( si " Estad& n& s ca!a) d ra"i)ar ta"s d%&straci&ns "a!rs(nci6n d in&cncia !rsistirá / "a sntncia a0s&"(t&ria s i%!&ndrá5

Ad%ás d "a "i0rtad !r&0at&ria# rign n sta %atria "&s !rinci!i&s5

A8 Licit(d5 La sntncia s&"& !(d *(ndars n "&s "%nt&s d !r(0asinc&r!&rad&s "ga"%nt a" !r&cs& # n c&nsc(ncia # n& !(d (ti"i)arsin*&r%aci6n &0tnida %diant t&rt(ra# %a"trat& # c&acci6n # nga3& ind0idaintr&%isi6n n "a inti%idad d" d&%ici"i& # n "a c&rrs!&ndncia # "asc&%(nicaci&ns # "&s !a!"s / "&s arc7i-&s !ri-ad&s # ni "a &0tnida !&r "&s


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%di&s 2( %n&sca0 "a -&"(ntad & -i&" "&s drc7&s *(nda%nta"s d"as !rs&nas art ;F a" ; d CRB1 5

B8 C&ntradicci6n5 E,!rsa%nt rc&gid& !&r " art ;= d" C&!! c&n 0asn ta" !rinci!i& "a !art c&ntra 2(in &0ra "a !r(0a d0 tnr "a !&si0i"idadd "a c&ntr&"ar"a5

C8 C&%(nidad !(s (na -) inc&r!&rada a" !r&cs "a !r(0a !rtnc a"as !arts5

D8 Prtinncia5 Está r"aci&nad& c&n "a adc(aci6n ntr "&s 7c7&s 2( s!rtndn ""-ar a" !r&cs& / 2( s&n &0't&s d !r(0a5

E8 E8in d(0i& !r& r&5 C&n 0as n "a !rs(nci6n d in&cncia 2( *a-&rca" i%!(tad& 7asta tant& n& s dict sntncia 2( "a ds-irt($# n cas& dd(da s&0r s( c("!a0i"idad d0 a0s&"-rs5 Ca0 rc&rdar a2(í " !rinci!i&d 2( d0 !r*rir "a a0s&"(ci6n d (n c("!a0" a "a c&ndna d (n

in&cnt5

CLASIICACION

En (n sist%a !r&csa" !na" tradici&na" "as !r(0as s("n c"asi.cars n:

;8 1 Pr(0as Dirctas5 Sg4n s( O0't&1 En "as dirctas " '() rci0 & !ractica!&r sí %is%& "a !r(0a# n tant& 2( n "as indirctas " '() rci0 " in*&r%& dc"araci6n 2( " !r%it ind(cir "& 2( s trata d d%&strar5


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SISTEMA DE APRECIACION DE LA PRUEBA

A8 Inti%a C&n-icci6n5 Est s " sist%a !r&!i& d "&s tri0(na"s d '(rad&s5 Prsnta c&%& %a/&r ds-nta'a "a *a"ta d %&ti-aci6n d "a

dcisi6n5

B8 Pr(0a Lga" & Tasada5 En st cas& "a "/ .'a "a %anra !r-ia " -a"&rd cada %di& !r&0at&ri c&n ind!ndncia d" " c&n-nci%int& d"

'()gad&r55 Est 2( s " sist%a 2( ac&gía " CEC # tin c&%& ds-nta'a2( ds-irt4a "a *(nci6n d" !r&cs& / !r&!icia "a !asi-idad d" '() # a" r2(rird !art d st s&"& "a s(0s(nci6n d "&s 7c7&s acrditad&s n sas rg"as2( d ant%an& sta0"cn s( -a"&r 5 Pr&!icia ng"igncia d" '()# !&r ""&a.r%a ca!""tti 2( n st sist%a " -s n d -a"&rar "as !r(0as s"i%ita a c&ntar"as5

C8 Li0r C&n-icci6n# sana crítica & Critica Raci&na"5 Est sist%a da!rciaci6n 2( " c&!! n " Art5


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*&r%a d 7acr " !r&cs& 2( ""-a c&nsig& &tr&s !rinci!i&s: in%diaci6n#c&ncntraci6n / !(0"icidad5

En "& 2( rs!cta a "a ,igncia d &ra"idad# " Pr&/ct& !r-$ "a ra"i)aci6nd "a a(dincia !r"i%inar / d" '(ici& n *&r%a -r0a"# / "a !ráctica n $st d"as !r(0as d tstig&s / ,!rticias5 E" '()gad&r dicta s( *a""& c&n 0as n "&sact&s -r0a"s / n& n "as actas c&ntnti-as d" rs("tad& d "a in-stigaci6n#d ""& s dd(c 2( " !r&cdi%int& !r&0at&ri& n " d0at d!nd d"!rinci!i& d &ra"idad5

E" !rinci!i& d !(0"icidad: sin d(da# a"g& 2( s caractrístic& d st n(-&!r&cs& !na" s s( !(0"icidad# sta0"cida n " artíc("& ;5 E" 7c7& d sr!40"ic& garanti)a s( trans!arncia# a" %is%& ti%!& 2( "i%ina "ac"andstinidad 2( !rd&%ina0a antri&r%nt5 D0%&s disting(ir# c&%&s3a"a Eric P$r)# ntr !(0"icidad intr !arts / !(0"icidad rga &%ns5 La!ri%ra s r.r a" c&n&ci%int& 2( d" !r&cs& !(dn tnr "as !arts#!(0"icidad $sta 2( 7a/a%&s !rsnt n t&d& %&%nt&5 La !(0"icidad rga&%ns & (ni-rsa"# ntrtant -in a c&ncrtars !"na%nt n "a *as d

'(ici 2( c&%& sa0%&s# c&rrs!&nd a" ""a%ad& '(ici& &ra" / !40"ic&5Ad%ás# "a !(0"icidad c&ntr&"a indircta%nt "a !r&0idad d "&s '(cs / 7astad "as !r&!ias !arts5 P&r '%!" a (n tstig& *a"s& " c&stará %(c7& %ás dardc"araci&ns c&ntrarias a "a -rdad# a" -rs !rsi&nad& !sic&"6gica%nt !&r" !40"ic& asistnt a" '(ici&5 >a/# sin %0arg cirtas ,c!ci&ns a" !rinci!i&d !(0"icidad# sta0"cidas n " artíc("& d" C6dig& n c&%nt&5

E" artíc("& # s r.r a "a !(0"icidad d" '(ici& &ra"# ,c!t(ánd&s "&scas&s n 2( s -a a*ctad& " !(d&r & "a -ida !ri-ada d a"g(na d "as!arts# c(and& s !rt(r0 gra-%nt "a sg(ridad d" Estad& & "as 0(nasc&st(%0rs# !"igr (n scrt& &.cia"# !artic("ar# c&%rcia" & ind(stria"# c(/ar-"aci6n ind0ida sa !(ni0" & dc"ar (n %n&r d dad / " tri0(na"c&nsidr inc&n-nint "a !(0"icidad5

E" !rinci!i& d in%diaci6n: &tr& !rinci!i& *(nda%nta" s " d "a in%diaci6n5E" artíc("& ; s3a"a 2( "&s '(cs 2( 7an d !r&n(nciar "a sntncia d0n!rsnciar# inintrr(%!ida%nt# " d0at / "a inc&r!&raci6n d "as !r(0asd "as c(a"s &0tinn s( c&n-nci%int&55

Princi!i& d in%diaci6n# s (na d "as caractrísticas i%!&rtants d" sist%aac(sat&ri s r2(ir 2( "as !r(0as san !racticadas n !rsncia d" '()2( -a a t&%ar "a dcisi6n .na"# !ara 2( %diant s( !rc!ci6n !(da tnr%a/&rs "%nt&s d '(ici& 2( " !&si0i"itn ""gar a "a -rdad 7ist6rica d"&s 7c7&s / c&n ""& a "a '(sticia5


17/39

Est !rinci!i& !&st("a 2( " '() ""a%ad& a sntnciar 7a/a asistid& a "a!ráctica d "as !r(0as / 0as n ""as s( c&n-icci6n# st& s(!&n 2( 7a/astad& n r"aci6n dircta c&n "as !arts# ,!rt&s# tstig&s / c&n "&s &0't&sd" '(ici ""& ,ig idntidad ntr " '() 2( !r&cd a "a as(nci6n d "as!r(0as / " '() 2( dcid "a rs i(dicanda5

La i%!rsi6n dircta 2( &0tinn 2(ins !artici!an d" !r&cs& *aci"ita "a&0tnci6n d "a -rdad / "a !&si0i"idad d d*nsa5

E" !rinci!i& d c&ncntraci6n: d c&n*&r%idad c&n st !&st("ad n(nciad&n " artíc("& ;# (na -) 2( s inicia " d0at# $st d0 c&nc"(ir n "%is%& día5 Si ""& n& *(ra !&si0"# c&ntin(ará d(rant "&s días 2( *(ranncsari&s 7asta s( c&nc"(si6n5 S !&drá s(s!ndr !&r (n !"a)& %á,i%& d; días# n dtr%inad&s cas&s5 C&%& -%&s# st &0-ia%nt# c&ad/(-a a "ac"ridad !r&csa"# s dcir# a (na %ás ,!dita ad%inistraci6n d '(sticia5

S inc"(/ " !rinci!i& d c&ncntraci6n 2( s &tra d "as caractrísticas d"sist%a ac(sat&ri& / 2( signi.ca 2( "a a(dincia d0 dsarr&""arsida"%nt n (n %is%& día / si s ncsari& intrr(%!ir sta di"igncia# 2("a %is%a c&ntin4 a "a %a/&r 0r-dad5 E" &0'ti-& d "a c&ncntraci6n s-itar 2( " transc(rs& d" ti%!& ""- a &"-idar a" J() " c&ntnid& d "as!r(0as & " a"gat& d "as !arts5 Est !rinci!i& s rg"a%nta n " artíc("& d" %is%& c6dig&5

C&n*&r% a" !rinci!i& d c&ncntraci6n# 2( s "a !rinci!a" caractrística,tri&r d" !r&cs& &ra"# "&s act&s !r&csa"s d ad2(isici6n d !r(0as d0ndsarr&""ars 0in sa n (na s&"a a(dincia & n a(dincias s(csi-as# d%&d& 2( "&s '(cs a" %&%nt& d sntnciar c&nsr-n n s( %%&ria "&&c(rrid& n " act& ad2(isiti-&5 En *ct a "a "/ " intrsa &0tnr (nai%!rsi6n *rsca# dircta / "i0r d" !&"-& d "as actas# "a !&si0i"idad dintr-nir n *&r%a !r%annt / "a c&"a0&raci6n sin tra0as d 2(ins!artici!an n " !r&cs&5 T&d& st& !(d !r&d(cir " rs("tad& dsad& si n&,istn ntr "as distintas !arts d" d0at !rí&d&s d ti%!& ,csi-a%nt!r&"&ngad&s5 Ba(%ann15

Es d ta" i%!&rtancia "a c&nsc(ti-idad d "a a(dincia 2( s sanci&na "as(s!nsi6n 2( s ,tinda !&r %ás d di) días# dis!&ni$nd&s "a n(-ac"0raci6n d" d0at Arts5 / F15

E" !rinci!i& d c&ntradicci6n: " artíc("& ;= sta0"c 2( " !r&cs& tndrácaráctr c&ntradict&ri&5 Est !rinci!i& s garant d "a sg(ridad '(rídica / d"drc7& a "a d*nsa# /a 2(# dsd " !ri%r instant# a%0as !arts !&drán


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,!&nr s(s arg(%nt&s / a"gat&s# "& c(a" !r%itirá c&nsr-ar a" J() (na-isi6n -rdadra%nt &0'ti-a i%!arcia" d "&s 7c7&s c&ntr&-rtid&s5

E" !r&cs& tin caráctr c&ntradict&ri 2( n& s %ás 2( " drc7& d "as!arts d !r&0ar / d c&ntradcir "as !r(0as 2( s sgri%n d(rant "a *asd '(ici& &ra" / !40"ic&5

P&r c(ant& "&s as(nt&s !na"s s&n d%asiad& i%!&rtants n& s "&s !(dtratar scrta%nt# !&r ""& "&s act&s d" !r&cs sa"-& "as ,c!ci&ns"ga"s# 7an d *ct(ars n !40"ic st& 2( c&nstit(/ (na garantía d "a"ga"idad / "a '(sticia d" *a"" !r%it " acrca%int& d" ci(dadan& c&%4n a"sist%a d ad%inistraci6n d '(sticia / *&rta"c s( c&n.an)a n ""a# "& c(a" as( -) r!rsnta (n c&ntr&" d%&crátic& d "a act(aci6n '(dicia"5 Así# a"!r&tgr a "as !arts d (na '(sticia s(straída a" c&ntr&" !40"ic s garanti)a(n& d "&s as!ct&s d" d0id& !r&cs&5

EL DEREC>O A LA DEENSA

C&nsagrada ig(a"%nt n n(stra carta %agna# " c(a" ac&%!a3a a" 7&%0rd(rant t&da s( -ida5 Est drc7 a di*rncia d &tr&s# n& r2(irrc&n&ci%int& & c&nsagraci6n n (na carta !&"ítica !ara s( ,istncia# sin&2( t(t"a a" 7&%0r# !&r " s6"& 7c7& d sr"&5 C(and& s 7a0"a d" drc7&a "a d*nsa n "a '(ris!r(dncia# si%!r -in a "a %%&ria "a sntncia d"

'() ing"$s n "a c(a" s r"ata " !asa' 0í0"ic& d "a ,!("si6n d Adán / E-ad" Paraís &!&rt(nidad n "a 2( Di&s " c&ncdi6 a Adán# ants d ,!("sar"&d" Paraís "a !&si0i"idad d d*ndrs / ,!"icar !&r 2($ 7a0ía c&%id& d"*r(t& !r&7i0id&5 En " drc7& !40"ic& %&drn s " 7a atri0(id& rang&c&nstit(ci&na" a" drc7& a "a d*nsa n " artíc("& ?F d "a C&nstit(ci6n d "aR!40"ica B&"i-ariana d n)("a5

E" drc7& a "a d*nsa c(/a ac!ci6n s %(/ a%!"ia n n)("a# dntr& d"c&nt,t& d" d0id& !r&cs d0 sr ntndid& c&%& " drc7& a rci0irasistncia '(rídica d (n !r&*si&na" d" drc7& d(rant " '(ici&5 T&da !rs&natin drc7& a sr &ída# c&n "as d0idas garantías / dntr& d (n !"a)&ra)&na0"# !&r (n '() & tri0(na" c&%!tnt# ind!ndint i%!arcia"#sta0"cid& c&n antri&ridad !&r "a L/# n "a s(stanciaci6n d c(a"2(ir

ac(saci6n !na" *&r%("ada c&ntra ""a# & !ara "a dtr%inaci6n d s(sdrc7&s / &0"igaci&ns d &rdn ci-i"# "a0&ra"# .sca" & d c(a"2(ir &tr&caráctr5

IGUALDAD ENTRE LAS PARTES


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En st &rdn d idas# n(str& sist%a ac(sat&ri& n "& 2( r.r a"!r&cdi%int& !na" &rdinari& sta0"cid& n " "i0r& Sg(nd& d" C6dig&Orgánic& Pr&csa" Pna"# s di-id n trs *ass 2( s&n "a *as !r!arat&ria# "a*as intr%dia / "a *as d" '(ici& &ra"5 La *as !r!arat&ria c&nstit(/ "a *asd in-stigaci6n / s nc(ntra a carg& d "a dircci6n d" tit("ar d "a acci6n

!na" c&%& "& s " R!rsntant d" Ministri& P40"ic& 2(dand& 0a'& s(dircci6n "&s 6rgan&s d !&"icía d in-stigaci6n !na"9 *as $sta 2( tin !&r&0't& sg4n s sta0"c n " artíc("&


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C&%& s sa0id "a %&ti-aci6n d "as rs&"(ci&ns '(dicia"s c(%!" (nad&0" *(nci6n5 P&r (na !art# !r%it c&n&cr "&s arg(%nt&s 2( '(sti.can "*a""& /# !&r &tra# *aci"ita " c&ntr&" d "a c&rrcta a!"icaci6n d" drc7&5 D a7í2(# "a .na"idad & "a sncia d "a %&ti-aci6n n& s rd(c a (na %ra &si%!" dc"araci6n d c&n&ci%int& sin& 2( 7a d sr "a c&nc"(si6n d (na

arg(%ntaci6n 2( a'(stada a" t7%a dcidnd(%# !r%ita tant& a "as !artsc&%& a "&s 6rgan&s '(dicia"s s(!ri&rs / d%ás ci(dadan&s c&n&cr "asra)&ns 2( c&nd('r&n a" dis!&siti-& d" *a"" d %anra ta" 2( !(dac&%!r&0ars 2( "a s&"(ci6n dada a" cas& s c&nsc(ncia d (naintr!rtaci6n raci&na" d" &rdna%int& 2( sca!a d "& ar0itrari&5

LA INMOTIACIN

S da c(and& "a sntncia carc d *(nda%nt&s d 7c7& / d drc7&5 Para2( "a sntncia n& sa (n in-nt& & ar0itraridad d" '()# sin& !r&d(ct& d(n '(ici& ra)&na0" d" sntnciad&r# d0 ,!rsar "as ra)&ns d 7c7& / ddrc7& n 2( s *(nda%nta5 555 La *(nda%ntaci6n ntr " 7c7& / "drc7& s&n "%nt&s 0ásic&s 2( c&nstit(/n "as !r%isas ncsarias 2(dan naci%int& a" dis!&siti-& d" *a""&5 Es d0r d" '() s(0s(%ir "&s 7c7&s2( a!arcn !r&0ad&s n "a ca(sa c&n "&s 2( a0stracta%nt stánsta0"cid&s n "a n&r%a !na" a!"ica0"9 st '(ici& d -a"&r s "a -rdadra*(nda%ntaci6n d "a sntncia# c&nstit(/ "a 0as 2( da ra)6n / *(r)adis!&siti-a5 P&r sta ra)&ns c(and& n& s c(%!"n st&s r2(isit&s "a

sntncia rs("taría -iciada !&r in%&ti-aci6n# / acarraría "a n("idad d"*a""& M&ra& R5 J(st& Ra%6n: E" N(-& Pr&cs& Pna" / L&s drc7&s d"Ci(dadan&5


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Sg4n " A(t&r


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Aná"isis: Sg4n " A(t&r


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A" .na"i)ar " r"at !r%itirá " intrr&gat&ri& dirct&5 Iniciará 2(in "&!r&!(s c&ntin(arán "as &tras !arts# n " &rdn 2( " '() !rsidntc&nsidr c&n-nint# / s !r&c(rará 2( "a d*nsa intrr&g( d 4"ti%&5

L(g " tri0(na" !&drá intrr&gar a" ,!rt& & a" tstig&5

E" '() !rsidnt %&drará " intrr&gat&ri& / -itará 2( " dc"arantc&ntst !rg(ntas ca!ci&sas# s(gsti-as & i%!rtinnts# !r&c(rará 2( "intrr&gat&ri& s c&nd()ca sin !rsi&ns ind0idas / sin &*ndr "a dignidad d"as !rs&nas5 Las !arts !&drán s&"icitar "a r-&caci6n d "as dcisi&ns a" '()!rsidnt c(and& "i%itn " intrr&gat&ri ( &0'tar "as !rg(ntas 2( s*&r%("n5

L&s ,!rt&s / tstig&s ,!rsarán "a ra)6n d s(s in*&r%aci&ns / " &rign ds( c&n&ci%int&5

Act&s d instr(cci6n

Est&s act&s s dn&%inan act&s !r&csa"s / stán ca(sad&s casi,c"(si-a%nt !&r "as !arts / " 6rgan& '(risdicci&na"5

a1 C"ass d act&s !r&csa"s58

E,istn d&s critri&s di*rnts d c"asi.caci6n:

;1 Critri& s(0'ti-&: atind a "a !rs&na 2( !r&d(c " act&5


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I1 Act&s d !art

;1 Act&s d !tici6n: "a acci6n d "as !arts !r&csa"s s (na !tici6n 2( sdsarr&""a n " !r&cs& a tra-$s d !tici&ns5 En st sntid& "a !tici6n %ási%!&rtant s "a d%and 2( s "a 2( .'a "&s "í%its d" '(ici&5 Ad%ás d "ad%anda ,istn &tras !tici&ns: intr"&c(t&rias# c(/& c&ntnid& s%innt%nt !r&cdi%nta"9 &tras c&ntinn (na !tici6n d *&nd&5


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%&%nt& d s( n&ti.caci6n s indi2( si dic7a rs&"(ci6n s & n& .r% / 2(ti!& d rc(rs& ca0# " !"a)& d 2( s dis!&n / ant 2( 6rgan&

'(risdicci&na" s !(d !"antar dic7& rc(rs&5


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8 Di"igncia%int&: "&s scrtari&s '(dicia"s !&nn di"igncias !ara 7acrc&nstar " día / "a 7&ra d !rsntaci6n d "a d%anda# d "&s scrit&s diniciaci6n d" !r&cdi%int& / d c(a"2(ir &tr& scrit& c(/a !rsntaci6n st$s('ta a !"a) d0i$nd&s dar a "a !art (n rci0&5

8 Daci6n n c(nta: a tra-$s d ""& " scrtari& !&n n c&n&ci%int& d"6rgan& '(risdicci&na" "&s scrit&s 2( 7an !rsntad& "as !arts# " n&ti.ca "transc(rs& d "&s !"a)&s !r&cdi%nta"s / da c(nta a "a Sa"a# a" J() & a"!&nnt d "&s scrit&s / d&c(%nt&s !rsntad&s " %is%& día & " día 7á0i"sig(int5 Es &ra" / s 7ac !&r &rdn d !rsntaci6n d "&s scrit&s# sa"-&2( ,ista (n scrit& (rgnt5

8 N&ti.caci6n a "as !arts d "&s !r&-íd&s '(dicia"s5

c1 Act&s d c&nsr-aci6n / c(st&dia: c&rrs!&nd a "&s scrtari&s '(dicia"s "a""-an)a d "&s "i0r&s / arc7i-&s así c&%& "a c&nsr-aci6n d t&das "asact(aci&ns5

d1 Act&s d instr(cci6n: a2(""&s act&s d" scrtari& 2( sir-n !ara &rdnar

i%!("sar " !r&cs&5 La "/ "&s di-id n d&s:

8 Di"igncias d &rdnaci6n: dar a "&s a(t&s " c(rs& &rdnad&s !&r "a "/5

8 Pr&!(stas: c&rrs!&nd a" scrtari& !r&!&nr a" J() & a" Tri0(na" t&das "asrs&"(ci&ns 2( d0an tnr "a *&r%a d !r&-idncia & d a(t ,c!t& "as!r&-idncias 2( r-isn "as di"igncias d &rdnaci6n / "&s a(t&s5 Ta%!&c&!(dn a2(í -a (n artíc("& d "a LOPJ9 0(scar"&1

01 R2(isit&s d "&s act&s !r&csa"s58


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I5 L(gar d&nd s ra"i)an "&s act&s: t&d&s "&s act&s !r&csa"s d0n ra"i)arsn "a &.cina '(dicia" / *(ra d "a sd gnra" s !racticarán "as act(aci&ns2( !&r s( nat(ra")a n& !(dan !racticars *rnt a" '()5

II5 Ti%!&:

8 A3& '(dicia": dsd " !ri%r día 7á0i" d S!ti%0r 7asta " ; d J("i&5 EnAg&st& 7a/ -acaci&ns5 En cada sd '(dicia" s *&r%ará (na sa"a d-acaci&ns5

8 Días / 7&ras 7á0i"s: t&d&s "&s act&s !r&csa"s s ra"i)arán n días / 7&ras7á0i"s5 En st sntid& srán días 7á0i"s t&d&s "&s d" a3& ,c!t& D&%ing&s/ *sti-&s# "&s días d" %s d Ag&st& sa"-& !ara "a instr(cci6n d !r&cs&s!na"s / !ara "as act(aci&ns (rgnts5 S&n 7&ras 7á0i"s "as 2( -an dsd"as = d "a %a3ana a "as d "a tard !r& !ara "as ca(sas !na"s s&n 7á0i"st&das "as 7&ras d" día5

8 T$r%in&s / !"a)&s: !ara ra"i)ar (n act& !r&csa" s !(d sta0"cr 0in (n"a!s& d ti%!& d(rant " c(a" s !r%ita ra"i)ar dic7& act & s .'ará (n%&%nt& dtr%inad&5

DEREC>OS >UMANOS Y GARANTIAS PROCESALES

Princi!i&s / garantías !r&csa"s5

Artíc("& ;5

J(ici& !r-i& / d0id& !r&cs&5 Nadi !&drá sr c&ndnad& sin (n '(ici& !r-i&ra" / !40"ic ra"i)ad& sin di"aci&ns ind0idas# ant (n J() & tri0(na"i%!arcia"# c&n*&r% a "as dis!&sici&ns d st C6dig& / c&n sa"-ag(arda dt&d&s "&s drc7&s / garantías d" d0id& !r&cs c&nsagrad&s n"aC&nstit(ci6nd"a R!40"ica B&"i-arianad n)("a# "as "/s# "&s tratad&s#c&n-ni&s / ac(rd&s intrnaci&na"s s(scrit&s !&r "a R!40"ica5


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5 Ning(na !rs&na c&ntin(ará n dtnci6n ds!($s d dictada &rdn d,carc"aci6n !&r "a a(t&ridad c&%!tnt & (na -) c(%!"ida "a !nai%!(sta5

Artíc("& ?5 T&da !rs&na tin drc7& a 2( s rs!t s( intgridad *ísica#!sí2(ica / %&ra"# n c&nsc(ncia:

;5 Ning(na !rs&na !(d sr s&%tida a !nas# t&rt(ras & trat&s cr("s#in7(%an&s & dgradants5 T&da -ícti%a d t&rt(ra & trat& cr("# in7(%an& &dgradant !racticad& & t&"rad& !&r !art d agnts d" Estad tindrc7& a "a r7a0i"itaci6n5


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Artíc("&


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A(t&n&%ía ind!ndncia d "&s '(cs5 En " 'rcici& d s(s *(nci&ns "&s '(cs s&n a(t6n&%&s ind!ndints d "&s 6rgan&s d" P&dr P40"ic& / s6"&d0n &0dincia a "a "/ / a" drc7&5

En cas& d intr*rncia n " 'rcici& d s(s *(nci&ns "&s '(cs d0ránin*&r%ar a" Tri0(na" S(!r%& d J(sticia s&0r "&s 7c7&s 2( a*ctn s(ind!ndncia# a "&s .ns d 2( "a 7aga csar5

C&ncatnad& c&n "


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En cas& d dsacat " J() t&%ará "as %didas / acci&ns 2( c&nsidrncsarias# c&n*&r% a "a "/# !ara 7acr rs!tar / c(%!"ir s(s dcisi&ns#rs!tand& " d0id& !r&cs&5

O0"igaci6n d dcidir:

Artíc("& 5

O0"igaci6n d dcidir5 L&s '(cs n& !&drán a0stnrs d dcidir s& !rt,t&d si"nci c&ntradicci6n# d.cincia# &sc(ridad & a%0igVdad n "&s t$r%in&sd "as "/s# ni rtardar ind0ida%nt a"g(na dcisi6n5 Si "& 7icirn#inc(rrirán n dngaci6n d '(sticia5

Artíc("& 5

J() nat(ra"5 T&da !rs&na d0 sr '()gada !&r s(s '(cs nat(ra"s /# nc&nsc(ncia# nadi !(d sr !r&csad& ni '()gad& !&r '(cs & tri0(na"s ad7&c5 La !&tstad d a!"icar "a "/ n "&s !r&cs&s !na"s c&rrs!&nd#,c"(si-a%nt# a "&s '(cs / tri0(na"s &rdinari&s & s!cia"i)ad&ssta0"cid&s !&r "as "/s# c&n antri&ridad a" 7c7& &0't& d" !r&cs&5

C&ncatnad& c&n " ?F#? d "a c&nstit(ci6n

Artíc("& ?F5 E" d0id& !r&cs& s a!"icará a t&das "as act(aci&ns '(dicia"s /ad%inistrati-as /# n c&nsc(ncia:

?5 T&da !rs&na tin drc7& a sr '()gada !&r s(s '(cs nat(ra"s n "as '(risdicci&ns &rdinarias# & s!cia"s# c&n "as garantías sta0"cidas n staC&nstit(ci6n / n "a "/5 Ning(na !rs&na !&drá sr s&%tida a '(ici& sinc&n&cr "a idntidad d 2(in "a '()ga# ni !&drá sr !r&csada !&r tri0(na"s d,c!ci6n & !&r c&%isi&ns cradas !ara ta" *ct&5


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Artíc("& =5

Prs(nci6n d in&cncia5 C(a"2(ira a 2(in s " i%!(t "a c&%isi6n d (n7c7& !(ni0" tin drc7& a 2( s " !rs(%a in&cnt / a 2( s " trat

c&%& ta"# %intras n& s sta0")ca s( c("!a0i"idad %diant sntncia .r%5

C&ncatnad& c&n " ?F#< d "a c&nstit(ci6n5


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;5 Ning(na !rs&na !(d sr s&%tida a !nas# t&rt(ras & trat&s cr("s#in7(%an&s & dgradants5 T&da -ícti%a d t&rt(ra & trat& cr("# in7(%an& &dgradant !racticad& & t&"rad& !&r !art d agnts d" Estad tindrc7& a "a r7a0i"itaci6n5


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d "as !arts & s(s a0&gad&s# s&0r "&s as(nt&s s&%tid&s a s( c&n&ci%intsa"-& c&n "a !rsncia d t&das ""as5

C&ncatnad& c&n " ?F d "a c&nstit(ci6n5

Artíc("& ?F5 E" d0id& !r&cs& s a!"icará a t&das "as act(aci&ns '(dicia"s /ad%inistrati-as /# n c&nsc(ncia:

;5 La d*nsa / "a asistncia '(rídica s&n drc7&s in-i&"a0"s n t&d& stad& /grad& d "a in-stigaci6n / d" !r&cs&5 T&da !rs&na tin drc7& a srn&ti.cada d "&s carg&s !&r "&s c(a"s s " in-stiga# d accdr a "as !r(0as/ d dis!&nr d" ti%!& / d "&s %di&s adc(ad&s !ara 'rcr s( d*nsa5Srán n("as "as !r(0as &0tnidas %diant -i&"aci6n d" d0id& !r&cs&5 T&da!rs&na dc"arada c("!a0" tin drc7& a rc(rrir d" *a"" c&n "as,c!ci&ns sta0"cidas n sta C&nstit(ci6n / "a "/5


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5 Ning(na !rs&na !&drá sr &0"igada a c&n*sars c("!a0" & dc"arar c&ntrasí %is%a# s( c6n/(g# c&nc(0in& & c&nc(0ina# & !arint dntr& d" c(art&grad& d c&nsang(inidad / sg(nd& d a.nidad5

La c&n*si6n s&"a%nt srá -á"ida si *(r 7c7a sin c&acci6n d ning(nanat(ra")a5

B(sca "a -rdad5

Artíc("& ;5

ina"idad d" !r&cs&5 E" !r&cs& d0 sta0"cr "a -rdad d "&s 7c7&s !&r"as -ías '(rídicas# / "a '(sticia n "a a!"icaci6n d" drc7 / a sta .na"idadd0rá atnrs " J() a" ad&!tar s( dcisi6n5

Artíc("& ;?5

Ora"idad5 E" '(ici& srá &ra" / s6"& s a!rciarán "as !r(0as inc&r!&radas n "aa(dincia# c&n*&r% a "as dis!&sici&ns d st C6dig&5

Artíc("& ;5

P(0"icidad5 E" '(ici& &ra" tndrá "(gar n *&r%a !40"ica5

Artíc("& ;5

In%diaci6n5 L&s '(cs 2( 7an d !r&n(nciar "a sntncia d0n !rsnciar#inintrr(%!ida%nt# " d0at / "a inc&r!&raci6n d "as !r(0as d "as c(a"s&0tinn s( c&n-nci%int&5

E" J() 2( inicia d0 c("%inar " '(ici&5

Artíc("& ;5

C&ncntraci6n5 Iniciad& " d0at# st d0 c&nc"(ir n " %is%& día5 Si ""&n& *(r !&si0"# c&ntin(ará d(rant " %n&r n4%r& d días c&nsc(ti-&s5


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Artíc("& ;=5

C&ntradicci6n5 E" !r&cs& tndrá caráctr c&ntradict&ri&5

Artíc("& ;F5

C&ntr&" d "a c&nstit(ci&na"idad5 C&rrs!&nd a "&s '(cs -"ar !&r "ainc&"(%idad d"a C&nstit(ci6nd"a R!40"ica5 C(and&"a "/ c(/a a!"icaci6n s!ida c&"idir c&n ""a# "&s tri0(na"s d0rán atnrs a "a n&r%ac&nstit(ci&na"5

Artíc("&


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Artíc("&

DEBIDO PROCESO EN EL MARCO DE UN ESTADO SOCIAL Y DE JUSTICIA.docx

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