Desarrollo de sensores basados en Fibra Óptica para

la Medición de Variables Eléctricas para Sistemas de

PotenciaLaboratorio Alto Voltaje

Laboratorio Fotónica y Optoelectrónica

Universidad Nacional de Colombia - sede Medellín

Laboratory of Smart Composites

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

Presentadores: Esteban Jiménez Mejía

Clara Rojo Ceballos

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Electrical variables in high voltagepower-lines have been measuredtraditionally by CTs and PTs.

CTs and PTs:• have shown to be a high

reliable technology• Presents long-term stability• Are fully incorporated in

the power delivery marketTaken from: http://www.lightningprotection.co.nz/substation-transformers/

Current Transformers CTs Potential Transformers PTs

Scope

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• Elaborative selection process.• Continuous maintenance to guarantee its proper

functioning.• In CTs secondary openings could lead to dangerous

high-voltages and explosions.• Magnetic core saturation• Reduced frequency bandwidth operation.

CTs and PTs require

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OPTs and OCTs

Optical-based devices for measuring electricalvariables in high voltage power systems offer severaladvantages respect to conventional systems:• Inherent insulation level and high dielectric

strength• Electromagnetic noise immunity• No magnetic cores and saturation problems• Wide Frequency Bandwidth response• Reduced size and lighter weight

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Two main type of these sensors can beidentified depending on its constitutiveelements:

• Hybrid Sensors• All-optical-based sensors

Hybrid Sensors

*Taken from: Z. Gang, L. Shaohui, Z. Zhipeng, and C. Wei, “A novel electro-optic hybrid current measurement instrument for high-voltage power lines”, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 50,no. 1, pp. 59-62, Feb 2001.

*Taken from: J. Nelson, G. Fusiek, L. Clayburn, P. Niewczas, C. Booth, P. Orr, and N. Gordon, Development and testing of optically-interrogated current sensors," in 2016 IEEE International Workshop on AppliedMeasurements for Power Systems (AMPS), Sept 2016, pp. 1-5

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Main disadvantages of hybrid sensors is that they inherit all measurement limitations such as: • Saturation effects • Poor frequency response• Active electronic for processing and powering are

required

Hybrid Sensors

All-optical-based sensors

*Taken from: M. Kanoe, G. Takahashi, T. Sato, M. Higaki, E. Mori, and K. Okumura, “Optical voltage and current measuring system for electric power systems”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 1,no. 1, pp. 91-97, Jan 1986

*Taken from: R. Wang, S. Xu, W. Li, and X. Wang, "Optical fiber current sensor research: review and outlook", Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 48, no. 9, p. 442, 2016

*Taken from: M. H. Samimi, A. A. S. Akmal, and H. Mohseni, "Optical current transducers and error sources in them: A review", IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 4721-4728, Sept 2015.

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Main disadvantages of All-fiber Optical sensors: • Intrinsic birefringence effects could lead to great

amount of errors.• Highly precise manufacturing processes are required.• Strong dependence to vibration shocks and

temperature drifts.

All Fiber Optical Sensors

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This approach deals with the proposal, analyticalbackground and practical implementation of two fiberoptic based sensors that could be used for measuringelectrical variables in high voltage systems:

• the physical and mathematical formulation for each ofthe sensing principles that were tackled in theproposition:• MagnetostrictionMagnetic field/Current• Piezoelectricity Electric field/Voltage

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Magnetic field sensing principle

The mechanical strain from magnetostriction in the composite can betransferred to a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) for enabling strain measurementthrough optical devices.

after the interaction with magnetostriction inside the body

Initially non-chirped FBG

Chirped FBG due to magnetostriction interaction

central wavelength shifting with constant linewidth (constant reflected optical power)

central wavelength shifting and spectrum broadening (variable reflected optical power)

Magnetic field

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Sensing principleMagnetic field

Fabrication process of the magnetostrictive composite

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Sensing principle and Optical detectionMagnetic field – Experimental Results

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Sensing principle and Optical detectionMagnetic field – Experimental Results

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Sensing principle and Optical detectionMagnetic field – Experimental Results

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Sensing principle and Optical detectionMagnetic field – Experimental Results

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Sensing principle and Optical detectionMagnetic field – Experimental Results

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Sensing principle and Optical detectionVoltage measurement

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Sensing principle and Optical detectionVoltage measurement

(a) Configuration A: Upper layer is excited. (b) Configuration B: Bottom layer is excited.

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Sensing principle and Optical detectionVoltage measurement

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Sensing principle and Optical detectionVoltage measurement

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Sensing principle and Optical detectionHigh voltage measurement

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Sensing principleHigh voltage measurement

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Sensing principleHigh voltage measurement

Conclusions• A suitable sensor arrangement for measuring electricalvariables by using magnetostrictive and piezoelectricmaterials coupled to optical fibers was presented andimplemented in practice.

• The geometrical effects upon the demagnetization field andits consequences upon the transferred strain to theembedded fiber grating were successfully modeled andexperimentally evidenced.

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Future work

• Fabrication process showed to have a strong influencein the overall performance of the implementedsensors. A systematic standardization process isrequired to guarantee initial conditions andrepeatability.

• Implementation of the voltage sensor with out theinitial capacitive divisor (it will be more suitable forhigher voltage systems)

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Preguntas?