DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los...

54
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad en el ámbito local: Cuenca del Caribe de habla Hispana

Transcript of DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los...

Page 1: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

Programa de las Naciones Unidas para

los Asentamientos Humanos

UN-HÁBITAT

DESASTRES NATURALES YASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS

Vulnerabilidad en el ámbito local:Cuenca del Caribe de habla Hispana

Page 2: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#"!

!"#$%#&'"

!"#$%"&'"(")$*+,- ................................................................................................................................ $+&*!-/$))+0& ............................................................................................................................................ %

+.'%1!)-'/"'!"2"!"&)+1 ........................................................................................................................ 3

$&$"'()*+,-*.,/+0"12',3*3"4"5'6+1(*),6,3*37"81+31+.,*"96:)*6 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ;$&$&$"'<=>?#@>A#B?"C"DEF#G>G &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ;$&$&%"H>I<J?DK"GD"GDK><<JLLJ"C"MDG#J">M=#D?ID &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& N$&$&O"3DK>KI<DK7".J?KDAFD?A#>K"GD"F?"GDK><<JLLJ"PFL?D<>=LD &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Q

$&% 16",RH*.8:"31"6:S"31S*S8(1S"+*8'(*61S"1+"*RT(,.*"6*8,+*"4"16".*(,)1&&&&&&&&&&&& U

$&O (,1S9:S"4"5'6+1(*),6,3*37"R*(.:".:+.1H8'*6 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& V

++.'41'!"5+0&'/"'1%6!+)1')"&*!14'7'"4')1!+8" ........................................................................... $$

%&$ *S1+8*R,1+8:S"W'R*+:S &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& $$%&$&$"HJ=L>A#B?"C"F<=>?#@>A#B? &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& $$%&$&%"6>"K#IF>A#B?"GD"L>"P#P#D?G> &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& $%

%&% *R1+*-*S"4"5'6+1(*),6,3*3 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& $O%&%&$"'?>"<DX#B?"AJ?"MYLI#ZLDK">MD?>@>K &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& $O%&%&%""RDG#J">M=#D?ID"C"<#DKXJ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& $O%&%&O"*KD?I>M#D?IJK0"F<=>?#@>A#B?"C"PFL?D<>=#L#G>G &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& $;%&%&;"HJ=<D@>"C"PFL?D<>=#L#G>G& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& $;

%&O 81+31+.,*S"*.8'*61S"31"6*"(19,/+ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& $N

%&; (1[61\,:+1S"S:)(1"*69'+*S".*(*.81(]S8,.*S"31"6*"(19,/+ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& $Q

%&N 6:S"R'+,.,H,:S"31"6*".'1+.*"316".*(,)1 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& $U

%&Q H*+:(*R*"31"6:S"9:),1(+:S"6:.*61S"1+"16"*R),8:"(19,:+*6 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& %Q

%&U 6*"H1(SH1.8,5*"(19,:+*6"31"6:S"9:),1(+:S"6:.*61S1+"6*"(13'..,/+"316"(,1S9:& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& %V

Page 3: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"##"!

+++. +%91)*-'/"'4-#'/"#1#*!"#'"&'41'!"5+0& ............................................................................. :;

O&$ )*6*+.1"31"6*"(1*6,3*3 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& O^

O&% 6:S"31S*S8(1S7"[(1+:"*6"31S*((:66:&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& O$

O&O 6:S"W'(*.*+1S"1+"6:S"_68,R:S"*`:S7"1[1.8:S".:RH*(*8,5:S &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& O%O&O&$"1L"aF<>Ab?"9DJ<XDK &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& O%O&O&%"1L"aF<>Ab?"R#IAa &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& OOO&O&O"1L"aF<>Ab?"R#AaDLLD &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& O;

O&; *69'+*S".:+.6'S,:+1S"S:)(1"6:S"1[1.8:"31"6:S"31S*S8(1S &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& O;O&;&$"SDXY?"DL"J<#XD?"GD"LJK"cD?BMD?JK &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& O;O&;&%"1cDAIJK"AJMF?DK"D?"IJGJ"I#ZJ"GD"GDK>KI<DK &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& O;O&;&O"1cDAIJK"DAJ?BM#AJK"C"KJA#>LDK& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ON

+,. 4$)<1')-&*!1'4-#'/"#1#*!"#='4-5!-#>'2-!*14"?1#'7'/"8+4+/1/"#"&'4-#'1#"&*1%+"&*-#'<$%1&-# ............................................................................................. :@

;&$ 91+1(*6,3*31S &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& OU

;&% dR),8:"9')1(+*R1+8*6"(19,:+*6 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& OU

,. -!51&+?1)+-&"#>'9!-7")*-#'7''9!-5!1%1#'"&'41'!"5+0& ............................................ :A

,+. ')-&)4$#+-&"#................................................................................................................................. 3:

Q&$ (1[61\,:+1S"91+1(*61S &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ;O

Q&% 81+31+.,*S"1+"6*"(19,/+ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ;;

Q&O H(,+.,H*61S"6:9(:S"4"*5*+.1S &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ;;

Q&; H(,+.,H*61S"31),6,3*31S"1+"6*"(19,/+ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ;N

Q&N 31),6,3*31S"1+"16"S1.8:("5,5,1+3* &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ;Q

Q&Q (1.:R1+3*.,:+1S &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ;Q

8+84+-5!12B1 ............................................................................................................................................ 3A

Page 4: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"#"!

!"#$%"&'"(")$*+,-

$%"&%'()*%*"*+"*+,%,(-+,".-)/)'%*.,"0.-"1+'23+'.,"4)*-.3+(+.-.52/)&.,"+'"5%"67+'&%"*+5"6%-)8+",+"4%"*705)&%*.*+"#99:"%"5%"1+&4%;"+'"(%'(."<7+"%<7+55.,"*+".-)/+'"/+.1=,)&.",+"4%'"3%'(+')*.""-+5%()>%3+'(+""+,(%85+,?"@A,%55A"*+5" )30%&(."+&.'23)&."B"+'"+5"*+,%--.55.",.&)%5;",+"+,()3%"<7+"+5"9CD"*+"5%,"37+-(+,".&%,).'%*%,"0.-*+,%,(-+," '%(7-%5+,;" *7-%'(+" 5%" *E&%*%" 0%,%*%;" ,+" *+8+'" 17'*%3+'(%53+'(+" %" 5.," 1+'23+'.,4)*-.3+(+.-.52/)&.,?

F%8)*%"&7+'(%"+,.,")'*)&%*.-+,;",+"&.',)*+-%"*+">)(%5")30.-(%'&)%"(-%8%G%-"0%-%"3)')3)H%-"."-+*7&)-"5%,",)(7%&).'+,*+"-)+,/."1-+'(+"%"+,+"()0."*+"*+,%,(-+,;"%"0%-()-"*+"5%")*+'()1)&%&)2'"*+"5.,"1%&(.-+,"<7+"4%&+'"3A,">75'+-%85+%"5%"-+/)2'?

I'(-+"5.,"1%&(.-+,"<7+"%73+'(%'"5%">75'+-%8)5)*%*"+'"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,"1)/7-%';"17'*%3+'(%53+'(+;7'" %&+5+-%*." +" )'%*+&7%*." 0-.&+,." *+" 7-8%')H%&)2'" B" 5%" )'+<7)*%*" +'" 5%" *),(-)87&)2'" *+" 5.," )'/-+,.,;" <7+/+'+-%"3%B.-+,",)(7%&).'+,"*+"0.8-+H%?

J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"4%"+K0+-)3+'(%*."7'"%&+5+-%*."&-+&)3)+'(."*+3./-A1)&."(.(%5"B"7-8%'."+'"5%,"75()3%,"*E&%*%,?$%"3)(%*"*+"5%"0.85%&)2'"(.(%5">)>+"+'"5%,"&)7*%*+,?"6.3."&.',+&7+'&)%"*+"+,+"0-.&+,.;"5%"-+/)2'"<7+"+,"%4.-%0-+*.3)'%'(+3+'(+"7-8%'%;"'."&7+'(%"&.'"5%,"&.'*)&).'+,"8A,)&%,"0%-%"%(+'*+-"&.'&+'(-%&).'+,"(%'"%5(%,"*+0.85%&)2'?

I5"&-+&)3)+'(."*+"0.85%&)2'"7-8%'%"4%",)*."%&.30%L%*."0.-"-+H%/.,"+'"+5",73)'),(-."*+">)>)+'*%;")'1-%+,(-7&(7-%B",+->)&).,"8A,)&.,;"%73+'(%'*.",7">75'+-%8)5)*%*"%"1+'23+'.,"+K(+-'.,?"$.,"0%=,+,"*+"5%"-+/)2'"0-+,+'(%'"7'*E1)&)("+5+>%*."*+">)>)+'*%;"&.'"7'%"3%-&%*%"(+'*+'&)%"%",7")'&-+3+'(.;"%,="&.3."7'"3%-&%*."%73+'(.""*+"5%,&.',(-7&&).'+,"&%*%">+H"3+'.,",+/7-%,"."0-+&%-)%,?

J"3+'7*.;"5%"&.',(-7&&)2'"*+">)>)+'*%,"0.075%-+,"()+'*+"%")'&-+3+'(%-"+5"-)+,/."*+">)*%"*+",7,"4%8)(%'(+,;*+8)*."%",+-)%,"*+1)&)+'&)%,"+'"5%"&%5)*%*"*+"5%"&.',(-7&&)2';"5%"+,&%,%",70+-1)&)+"*+"5.,"0-+*).,"*+"&.',(-7&&)2'B"5%,"A-+%,"4%8)(%85+,;"%,="&.3.",7"78)&%&)2'"+'"(+--+'.,"'."%0(.,"0%-%"5%"+*)1)&%&)2'?

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

N+"5%"0.85%&)2'"(.(%5"*+"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5;",+"+,()3%"<7+"+'(-+"7'"OC"%":CD">)>+"+'"&.'*)&).'+,"*+"0.8-+H%?"N.,(+-&+-%,"0%-(+,"*+""5.,"0.8-+,"4%8)(%'"+'"5%,"H.'%,"-7-%5+,;"&.'"7'%"(+'*+'&)%"%&+5+-%*%"*+"3)/-%&)2'"4%&)%"5%,H.'%,"7-8%'%,?

$.,"*+,%,(-+,"'%(7-%5+,;"%*+3A,"*+"%1+&(%-"0-)'&)0%53+'(+"%" 5%"0.85%&)2'"0.8-+"7-8%'%"B" -7-%5;" -+0+-&7(+'*)-+&(%3+'(+" +'" 5%" ,.&)+*%*" 3%-/)'%*%P" 37G+-+,;" ')L.,;" %'&)%'.,;" 0+-,.'%," &.'" *),&%0%&)*%*+," B" /-70.,+K&57)*.,"<7+"4%'"0%,%*."%",+-"5.,"/-70.,",.&)%5+,"3A,">75'+-%85+,"+'"5%"-+/)2'?

Page 5: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"Q"!

+&*!-.$))+/&

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

I5"0-+,+'(+"(-%8%G.",+"*+,%--.55%"+'"+5"3%-&."*+"5%"'6+3"%3)$.%'7/3)"/%-.#/%*'1%"%'*%'8)(5--.9/'()':)+%+3")+;678:<=" &.3." 7'%" &.'(-)87&)2'" %" 5%" )305+3+'(%&)2'" *+" 5.," 5)'+%3)+'(.,;" +,(-%(+/)%," B" -+,.57&).'+," *+" 5%2+%&>*)%'?)/)"%*'()' *%+',%-.#/)+'0/.(%+"*+,()'%*%,"%"0-+,+->%-" 5%">)*%"B" 5.,"8)+'+,"3%(+-)%5+,"*+" 5%,.&)+*%*?

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

I5"0-+,+'(+"(-%8%G."0-+,+'(%"7'%">),)2'"/+'+-%5"*+"5%",)(7%&)2'"*+"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,"B",7">75'+-%8)5)*%*%"5.,"*+,%,(-+,"'%(7-%5+,"+'"5%"-+/)2'?"W)+'+"&.3.".8G+()>."0-)'&)0%5",+->)-"*+"8%,+"0%-%"5%")*+'()1)&%&)2'"*+'+&+,)*%*+,"B".0.-(7')*%*+,"*+"&..0+-%&)2'"-+/).'%5;"&.'"E'1%,),"+'"%&()>)*%*+,"+'"+5"A38)(."37')&)0%5?"I,5%")'(+'&)2'"<7+"+,(+"*.&73+'(.;",73%*."%"7'"&.'G7'(."*+",7/+-+'&)%,"0%-%"+5"*+,%--.55."*+"7'"0-./-%3%"*+&..0+-%&)2';"<7+",+%"*),&7()*."+'"7'%"_&.',75(%"-+/).'%5`"&.'"5%,"0%-(+,")'>.57&-%*%,"B",)->%"*+"%0.B."%"5%0-+0%-%&)2'"*+"7'"!"#$"%&%'(%"%' )%'"*+,--./0'+*)' ".*1$#'*0' )#1'%1*02%&.*02#1'3,&%0#1'+*' )%'-,*0-%'+*)4%".5*'+*'3%5)%'3.1(%0%6"I,(+"0-.&+,.",+"+,(A",)/7)+'*."+'"+,(-+&4%"&..-*)'%&)2'"&.'"5%"IM\N;"+5"@MTS\aM;.(-%,"%/+'&)%,"B"0-./-%3%,"%&()>.,"+'"5%"-+/)2'"B"5.,"0%=,+,?

Page 6: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"b"!

I5"N.&73+'(."&.',(%"*+",+),"&%0=(75.,?"I5"0-)3+-.")'(-.*7&+"+5"(+3%"*+5"-)+,/."+'"7'"&.'(+K(."/5.8%5;"%8.-*%'*."+5"%&+5+-%*.0-.&+,."*+"7-8%')H%&)2';"+5"+1+&(."*+5"*+,%--.55."+'"+5"3+*)."%38)+'(+"B"5%"-+&7--+'&)%"B"&.',+&7+'&)%,"*+"5.,"*+,%,(-+,"%+,&%5%" 37'*)%5?" I5" ,+/7'*." &%0=(75." *+,&-)8+" 5%," 0-)'&)0%5+," &%-%&(+-=,()&%," *+" J3E-)&%" 6+'(-%5" B" +5" 6%-)8+" %,=" &.3." +5*+,%--.55."*+"5%,"&)7*%*+,;"5%",)(7%&)2'"*+"5%">)>)+'*%;"+5"/-%*."*+">75'+-%8)5)*%*"+'"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,"B"5%,"(+'*+'&)%,%&(7%5+,?" I5" (+-&+-" &%0=(75." 0-+,+'(%" +5" )30%&(." *+" 5.," *+,%,(-+,;" ,7," &.',+&7+'&)%," +'" +5" *+,%--.55." B" ,7," 0-)'&)0%5+,&%-%&(+-=,()&%,"0.')+'*."E'1%,),"+'"5.,"1+'23+'.,"4)*-.3+(+.-.52/)&.,?"I5",)/7)+'(+"&%0=(75.",)'(+()H%"5.,"0-)'&)0%5+,"5./-.,;1.-(%5+H%,"B">%&=.,"+'"+5"A38)(."-+/).'%5;"'%&).'%5;"5.&%5;"+'"+5",+&(.-">)>)+'*%"B"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,"+'"-+5%&)2'"&.'"5%/+,()2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,?"I'"+5"<7)'(."&%0=(75.",+"*%"7'%"8-+>+"*+,&-)0&)2'"*+"5%,"0-)'&)0%5+,".-/%')H%&).'+,"%&()>%,"+'"5%"\+/)2'B",7,"0-)'&)0%5+,"%&()>)*%*+,"+'"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,?"[.-"^5()3.",+"0-+,+'(%'"5%,"&.'&57,).'+,"*+5"(-%8%G."B",+",7/)+-+'%5/7'.,"(+3%,"<7+",+"*+8+'"%8.-*%-"0%-%"-+*7&)-"+5"-)+,/."+'"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,"*+"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"B"+5"6%-)8+?

Page 7: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"c"!

+0'%1234'56'!676268391

@A@'08B2,7C2D7E,='6F07:2:'G'H0I,682B7I7:2:J'K6,:6,D72'?ILB2I

@A@A@ 0">%/.M%-.9/'N')O5.(%(

7)' %-*)*"%+#' *' .0%+*-,%+#' ("#-*1#' +*' ,"5%0.8%-./09' 1,&%+#' %' )%' .0*:,.+%+' *0' )%' +.12".5,-./0' +*' "*-,"1#19' 1#0' ;%-2#"*1"*-,""*02*1'*0')#1'(%2"#0*1'+*'+*1%""#))#'$)#5%)*16'<&5#1';%-2#"*1'+*5.).2%0')%'-%(%-.+%+'(%"%')%'$*12./0'1,12*02%5)*'+*')#1%1*02%&.*02#1' 3,&%0#1' =' %,&*02%0' 1,' >,)0*"%5.).+%+' %' )#1' ;*0/&*0#1' 0%2,"%)*1' =' 1,-*1#1' .0*1(*"%+#1' -"*%+#1' (#"' *)3#&5"*6

I'"5.,"*.,"^5()3.,",)/5.,"5%"0.85%&)2'"*+"5%,"&)7*%*+,"+'"+5"37'*."0%,2"*+"bC"%"3A,"*+":;CCC"3)55.'+,"*+"4%8)(%'(+,"RSTN[;FN\"QCCQX?"I'"5%"*E&%*%"*+"#99C;"+5"dCD"*+5"&-+&)3)+'(."*+"5%"0.85%&)2'"37'*)%5",+"0-.*7G."+'"5%,"H.'%,"7-8%'%,?"[%-%"+5%L."QCQO",+"&%5&75%"<7+"O;CCC"3)55.'+,"*+"0+-,.'%,"4%8)(%-A'"+'"&)7*%*+,;"B"0%-%"+5"3),3."0+-=.*."+5"dCD"*+"5%"0.85%&)2'37'*)%5",+"&.'&+'(-%-A"+'"5%,"&)7*%*+,?"RNM\NT;"Y(.0"N),%,(+-,;"#99:X?

I'"#9bC;"J3E-)&%"$%()'%""&.'(%8%"&.'"%5-+*+*.-"*+"#CC"3)55.'+,"*+"4%8)(%'(+,?"I'"5%"%&(7%5)*%*"5%"0.85%&)2'",+"+'&7+'(-%%5-+*+*.-"*+"5.,"OCC"3)55.'+,?"I'"5%"%&(7%5)*%*"#O"*+"5%,"QC"&)7*%*+,"3A,"/-%'*+,"*+5"37'*."+,(A'"78)&%*%,"+'"0%=,+,"+'*+,%--.55.;"3)+'(-%,"<7+"+'"#9OC"+,(%,",25."%5&%'H%8%'"%"e?"J3E-)&%"$%()'%""B"+5"6%-)8+"&7+'(%'"&.'"#C"&)7*%*+,"&.'"3A,"*+b?O"3)55.'+,"*+"4%8)(%'(+,;"*+"5%,"&7%5+,"&7%(-."+,(A'"0.-"+'&)3%"*+"5.,"#C"3)55.'+,"B"*.,"&%,)"55+/%'*."%"5.,"QC"3)55.'+,"*+4%8)(%'(+,?

J"5%"0%-"*+"7'%"%&+5+-%*%"7-8%')H%&)2'",+"4%"0-.*7&)*."7'"3%-&%*."0-.&+,."*+"&-+&)3)+'(."*+"5%"0.8-+H%"(.(%5"B"7-8%'%?

I'(-+"#99C"B"#99d"5%"0-.0.-&)2'"*+"/+'(+">)>)+'*."&.'"3+'.,"*+"7'"*25%-"0.-"*=%"+'"5.,"0%=,+,"+'"*+,%--.55.",+"-+*7G.*+"Q9D"%"QcD?"Y)'"+38%-/.;",)"5%,"0-.0.-&).'+,",+"3%'()+'+'""0%-%"+5"QC#O;"5%"(+'*+'&)%"*+37+,(-%"<7+"9CC3)55.'+,"*+"0+-,.'%,",+/7)-A'">)>)+'*."+'"+K(-+3%"0.8-+H%"+'"5.,"0%=,+,"+'"*+,%--.55.?

Page 8: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"O"!

!"#$%#&'()*+','-*.'/001

!%P+)+')/'()+%""#**#J

Y%57*9:d"3)55.'+,"*+"0+-,.'%,",)'"%&&+,.,"%"%/7%"0.(%85+"R#99dXQ;cCC"3)55.'+,"*+"0+-,.'%,",)'"%&&+,."%",%'+%3)+'(."8A,)&."R#99dXQ;Q"3)55.'+,"*+"0+-,.'%,"37-)+'*."%'7%53+'(+"*+"&.'(%3)'%&)2'")'(+-'%"*+5"%)-+"R#99:X

I*7&%&)2'dOc"3)55.'+,"*+"%*75(.,"%'%51%8+(.,;"Ocb"3)55.'+,"*+"+55.,"37G+-+,"RQCCCXbQO"3)55.'+,"*+"')L.,"17+-%"*+"5%"+,&7+5%"+'"5.,"')>+5+,"0-)3%-).,"B",+&7'*%-).,;"#db"3)55.'+,"*+"+55.,"')L%,"RQCCCX

[.8-+H%"*+")'/-+,.#;QCC"3)55.'+,"*+"0+-,.'%,"<7+">)>+'"&.'"3+'.,"*+"#"*25%-"*)%-)."R[[J"+'"*25%-+,"IISS"*+"#99bXQ;dCC"3)55.'+,"*+"0+-,.'%,"<7+">)>+'"&.'"3+'.,"*+"Q"*25%-+,"*)%-).,"R#99dX

T)L.,#:b"3)55.'+,"*+"')L.,"3+'.-+,"*+"O"%L.,"*+"+*%*"&.'"0+,.")',71)&)+'(+"R#99dX##"3)55.'+,"*+"')L.,"3+'.-+,"*+"O"%L.,"37+-+'"%'7%53+'(+"0.-"&%7,%,"0-+>+')85+,"R#99dX

!%P+)+'()'*%'LD:6

#OD"*+"%*75(.,"<7+",.'"%'%51%8+(.,"17'&).'%5+,"R#99c!9dX#bC"3)55.'+,"*+"0+-,.'%,"+'"5%"0.8-+H%"*+")'/-+,.,"R&.'"3+'.,"*+5"OCD"*+"5%"3+*)%'%"*+5")'/-+,.XR#999Xd"3)55.'+,"*+"0+-,.'%,"*+,'7(-)*%,"R#99:!9dX

f7+'(+P"STN["g"FN\"QCC#

@A@AQ'!%3"#/)+'()'()+%""#**#'N'&)(.#'%&>.)/3)

?#1' ("#-*1#1' 0#' "*$,)%+#1' +*' ,"5%0.8%-./0' *' .0+,12".%).8%-./0' -#0))*>%0' %' ,0' %-*)*"%+#' ("#-*1#' +*' +*$"%+%-./0' +*' )#1"*-,"1#1'0%2,"%)*19'(%"2.-,)%"&*02*'%$,%9'%."*9'1,*)#'='5.#+.>*"1.+%+6'@*'-#02.0,%"'-#0')%1'2*0+*0-.%1'%-2,%)*19'+#1'+*'-%+%2"*1'3%5.2%02*1'+*')%'2.*""%'>.>."A0'*0'-#0+.-.#0*1'+*'*12"B1'(#"';%)2%'+*'%$,%'*0'*)'%C#'DEEF'G!HIJ<9'DEEEK6

$%," +&.'.3=%," *+" 5.," 0%=,+," )'*7,(-)%5)H%*.," &.',73+'" +'.-3+," &%'()*%*+," *+" +'+-/=%" B" 3%(+-)%," 0-)3%,;" B" 0-.*7&+'/-%'*+,"&%'()*%*+,"*+"*+,+&4.,"B"+3),).'+,"&.'(%3)'%'(+,?"I,17+-H.,"0%-%"5./-%-"+5"7,.",7,(+'(%85+"*+"5.,"-+&7-,.,"'%(7-%5+,

Page 9: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!":"!

B"-+*7&)-"5%"0-.*7&&)2'"*+"*+,+&4.,"(.*%>=%"()+'+'"<7+"*%-"1-7(.,?"I55."+,(A"&%7,%'*."*%L.,"%38)+'(%5+,"%"+,&%5%"37'*)%5"B+5"(-%,(.-'."*+"5.,"+&.,),(+3%,?

I5"&%5+'(%3)+'(."/5.8%5"*+5"05%'+(%"0%-+&+"(+'+-"+1+&(.",.8-+"+5".8,+->%*."%73+'(."*+"5%,"%/7%,"*+"5.,".&E%'.,"B"5%"1-+&7+'&)%*+"5%,")'7'*%&).'+,?"Y)"8)+'"+,"&)+-(."<7+"5.,"1+'23+'.,"*+"I5"T)L."B"$%"T)L%",.'"+>+'(.,"&=&5)&.,;"+,(.,"4%'"%73+'(%*.",71-+&7+'&)%"+'"*E&%*%,"-+&)+'(+,?"I5"T)L.",+"*+,%--.552"37&4."3A,"-A0)*%3+'(+"+'"#99e"B"#99d"&.'"7'"-+,75(%*."*+"%73+'(./+'+-%5" *+" 5%" (+30+-%(7-%" +'" +5" .&E%'." [%&=1)&." '7'&%" %'(+," >),(.?" I'(-+" ,7," 0-)'&)0%5+," -+0+-&7,).'+," 1)/7-%'" 557>)%," +)'7'*%&).'+,"*+")'(+',)*%*"+K(-+3%,;",+<7=%,"+")'&+'*).,"1.-+,(%5+,?

I'"5.,"^5()3.,"%L.,"*+"5%"*E&%*%"*+"#99C!QCCC;"5%,"+3),).'+,"%'7%5+,"*+"*)2K)*."*+"&%-8.'."&7%*-705)&%8%'"+5"')>+5"*+5"%L.#9OC?"Y+/^'"+5'?"51#'7/3)"$5>)"/%&)/3%*'()'6R1)"3#+'+#>")'D%&>.#+'D*.&S3.-#+"RM[66X"_+5"&.'G7'(."*+"0-7+8%,")'*)&%<7+"4%B"7'%")'157+'&)%"473%'%"1A&)5"*+"*+(+-3)'%-"+'"+5"&5)3%"37'*)%5`?"R[TS@J;"QCCCX?"$.,"-+,75(%*.,"0-+>),(.,;")'&57B+'7'%"3.*)1)&%&)2'"*+"5%,"H.'%,"&5)3A()&%,;"&%38).,"+'"5%"&.30.,)&)2'"*+"5%,"+,0+&)+,"B"+'"5%"0-.*7&()>)*%*"*+"5.,"+&.,),(+3%,;%,="&.3.")'&-+3+'(."*+"1+'23+'.,"3+(+.-.52/)&.,"+K(-+3.,;"+")30%&(."+'"5%",%57*"473%'%?

6.37')*%*+,"+'"+&.'.3=%,"*+",78,),(+'&)%;"&%,)"5%"(+-&+-%"0%-(+"*+"5%"0.85%&)2'"37'*)%5;"%"3+'7*."'."()+'+'"%5(+-'%()>%,"*+,.8-+>)>+'&)%",)'"&.'(-)87)-"%5"%/.(%3)+'(."*+"5.,"-+&7-,.,"'%(7-%5+,;"0-)'&)0%53+'(+"&7%'*."+,(%,"4%'"0+-*)*."+5"&.'.&)3)+'(.*+",),(+3%,"(-%*)&).'%5+,"*+"%0-.>+&4%3)+'(."*+"5.,"-+&7-,.,"'%(7-%5+,;

@A@AT':)+%+3")+J'-#/+)-5)/-.%+'()'5/'()+%""#**#'U5*/)"%>*)

?#1'%1*02%&.*02#1'3,&%0#1'*0;"*02%0',0%'.02*01.+%+'-"*-.*02*'+*'%&*0%8%1'+*5.+#'%';*0/&*0#1'0%2,"%)*1'='1,'>,)0*"%5.).+%+1*'>*'%-"*-*02%+%'(#"')#1'%-2,%)*1'(%2"#0*1'+*'+*1%""#))#'='#-,(%-./0'+*)'2*"".2#".#6

I'"5%,"^5()3%,"&7%(-."*E&%*%,"+5"'^3+-."*+"*+,%,(-+,",+"4%"(-)05)&%*.?"I5"eCD"*+"5.,"3A,"&.,(.,.,"+>+'(.,".&7--)+-.'"+'"5%75()3%"*E&%*%?"$.,"*+,%,(-+,"'."*),()'/7+'"+'(-+"0%=,+,")'*7,(-)%5)H%*.,"B"+'"*+,%--.55.;"0+-.",7")30%&(."+'"5%"+&.'.3=%"B&.'*)&).'+,",.&)%5+,"+,"*)1+-+'(+?"@)+'(-%,"<7+"+'"(E-3)'.,"+&.'23)&.,"5%,"3%B.-+,"0+-*)*%,"%8,.57(%,"&%7,%*%,"0.-"*+,%,(-+,4%'".&7--)*."+'"0%=,+,")'*7,(-)%5)H%*.,;"5%,"3%B.-+,"0E-*)*%,"-+5%()>%,"%5")'/-+,."'%&).'%5"B"+'"(E-3)'.,"*+">)*%,".&7--+'"+'0%=,+,"+'">=%,"*+"*+,%--.55.?

I>)*+'(+3+'(+;"+5")30%&(."*+"5.,"*+,%,(-+,"+,"37&4."3A,",+>+-."+'"0%=,+,"&.'"0.8-+"*+,%--.55."*+"0-+>+'&)2';"3)()/%&)2'"B&%0%&)*%*"*+"-+,07+,(%?"h"+5"0-)3+-"0%,."&.',),()-=%"+'"3+G.-%-"5.,")',(-73+'(.,"0%-%"5%"3)()/%&)2'"B"0-+>+'&)2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,+'"5%,"&)7*%*+,?

Page 10: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"e"!

$.,")',(-73+'(.,"*+"0-+>+'&)2'"B"3)()/%&)2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,"'.,"37+,(-%'"<7+P

[%=,+, J3E-)&%"$%()'% M'*7,(-)%5)H%*.,B"+5"6%-)8+

[-+>+'&)2'"*+"*+,%,(-+, "9dD :OD62*)/.,"*+"&.',(-7&&)2'

Y+/7-.,"+'"+*)1)&%&).'+, dCD OdD0-)>%*%,"B"0^85)&%,

@%0%,"*+"\)+,/. 9CD eCD

Y+/7-.,".85)/%(.-).,"&.'(-% eCD #ODN+,%,(-+,"'%(7-%5+,"0%-%I*)1)&%&).'+,"[^85)&%,

ST!FJVMWJW;"W4+"Y(%(+".1"(4+"i.-5*j,"6)()+,"QCC#

Y+/^'"5%"f+*+-%&)2'""M'(+-'%&).'%5"*+"5%"6-7H"\.G%"B"5%"@+*)%"$7'%"\.G%"RMf\6X"+'(-+"#99#!QCCC"17+-.'"-+0.-(%*.,"c;eCb*+,%,(-+,"+'"5.,"&7%5+,"3A,"*+"eOC;CCC"0+-,.'%,"0+-*)+-.'"5%">)*%?"N+"+55%,;"&+-&%"*+":CC;CCC"37-)+-.'"%"&.',+&7+'&)%"*+*+,%,(-+,"0-.*7&)*.,"0.-"1+'23+'.,"4)*-.3+(+.-.52/)&.,?"6%*%"%L.;"Q#C"3)55.'+,"*+"0+-,.'%,",.'"%1+&(%*%,"0.-"%5/^'"()0.*+"*+,%,(-+?"M'7'*%&).'+,;"(.-3+'(%,;"47-%&%'+,"B"(+--+3.(.,"07+*+'"4%&+-"-+(-.&+*+-"+'"*E&%*%,"+5"*+,%--.55."*+"5%,"H.'%,%1+&(%*%,?"N+,*+"#9OC"+5"&.,(."%,.&)%*."%"5.,"*+,%,(-+,"4%"%73+'(%*."#c">+&+,"B",+"0-+>E"<7+"5.,"&.,(.,"+'"5.,"0-2K)3.,QC"%L.,",+%'"+'(-+":"B"#C"8)55.'+,"*+"*25%-+,"%3+-)&%'.,?

$.,"0%=,+,"+'"*+,%--.55.",)305+3+'(+"'."07+*+'"0+-3)()-,+"5%,"0E-*)*%,"+&.'23)&%,"B"*%L.",.&)%5"&%7,%*."0.-"5.,"*+,%,(-+,'%(7-%5+,;" +,0+&)%53+'(+" &7%'*." 5%" )'>+-,)2'" +'" 0-.&+,.," *+" *+,%--.55." ,7,(+'(%85+" 07+*+;" +'" /-%'" 3+*)*%;" &.'(-)87)-" %-+*7&)-"*)&4.,"&.,(.,?""I5"*+,%--.55." 5.&%5"B" 5%"/+,()2'"5.&%5",+"0+-1)5%'"%,="&.3.")'>+-,).'+,"&5%>+,"*+"%5(%"(%,%"*+"-+(.-'.+&.'23)&."B",.&)%5"0%-%"%5&%'H%-"+,(+".8G+()>.?

@AQ'6I'7V!2DKL':6'ILW':6W2WK86W',2K082I6W'6,'2VX87D2'I2K7,2'G'6I'D287B6

$.,"0%=,+,"*+"J3E-)&%"$%()'%"B"+5"6%-)8+"+'1-+'(%'"3^5()05+,"%3+'%H%,"&-+%*%,"0.-"+5"4.38-+"."*+8)*."%"1+'23+'.,"'%(7-%5+,;,+%'"+,(.,"*+".-)/+'",=,3)&.;"4)*-.3+(+.-.52/)&.;"."7'%"&.38)'%&)2'"*+"+55.,?"$%"4),(.-)%"*+" 5%" -+/)2'"+,(A"3%-&%*%"0.-+-70&).'+," >.5&A')&%,;" (+--+3.(.,;" 47-%&%'+,;" *+,5)H%3)+'(.," *+" ()+--%,;" 557>)%,;" ,+<7=%,;" )'&+'*).,;" /7+--%,;" %&&)*+'(+,)'*7,(-)%5+,"B".(-.,"*+,%,(-+,?

I'"+5"0+-=.*."#9CC!QCCC;"5%"\+/)2'"-+0.-(2"&+-&%"*+"eC9"*+,%,(-+,"0-.*7&)*.,"0.-"1+'23+'.,"'%(7-%5+,?"I'"+55.,"0+-*)+-.'"5%>)*%" %0-.K)3%*%3+'(+" ed;CCC" " 0+-,.'%," B" cd" 3)55.'+," 17+-.'" %1+&(%*%,;" .&%,).'%'*." 0E-*)*%," +&.'23)&%," 0.-" 7'" >%5.-3%B.-"%"5.,"SYk"QCC"8)55.'+,?"$.,"*+,%,(-+,"3A,"-+&7--+'(+,"17+-.'"%<7+55.,"*+8)*.,"%"1+'23+'.,"4)*-.3+(+.-.52/)&.,;":be+>+'(.,;"&.'"&+-&%"*+":b;CCC"">=&()3%,"1%(%5+,;"cO?O"3)55.'+,"*+"0+-,.'%,"%1+&(%*%,"B"0E-*)*%,"+&.'23)&%,"&+-&%'%,"%"5.,SYk#eO"8)55.'+,?

Page 11: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"d"!

D5%("#',J'@':)+%+3")+')/'*%+'2&Y".-%+'1)"P#(#'@ZZ@[Q\\\

!"#$%#&'!#2#34567$'8$%#3$4569$4:'2#':4';3"<'.9=4>''/001

]5)/3)J'0,:!'^'4:8'Q\\@

$%",73%(.-)%"*+5"0-.*7&(.")'(+-'."8-7(."+'"#999"*+".'&+"0%=,+,"+'"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5""B"+5"6%-)8+"'."55+/%'"%"5%"3)(%*"*+"5%,0E-*)*%,"*+8)*."%"*+,%,(-+,"+'"5%,"J3E-)&%,"0+-=.*."#99#!QCCC?

@AT'876W?LW'G'H0I,682B7I7:2:J'V28DL'DL,D6!K02I

$.,"1+'23+'.,"'%(7-%5+,;",+%"&7%5",+%"5%"3%/')(7*;"'."&.',()(7B+'"+'",="3),3.,"7'"*+,%,(-+?"@A,"8)+';",.'"0%-(+")'(+/-%5"*+50-.&+,." *+" +>.57&)2'" '%(7-%5" *+5" 05%'+(%" B" *+" ,7" &.',(%'(+" 0-.&+,." *+" (-%',1.-3%&)2'?" [%-%" <7+" 7'" (+--+3.(.;" 47-%&A';+-70&)2'">.5&A')&%".",+<7=%",+"&.'>)+-(%'"+'"*+,%,(-+,"*+8+"+,(%-"0-+,+'(+"5%")'(+->+'&)2'"473%'%;"5%,".8-%,"*+5"4.38-+?

$%"3%/')(7*"*+"7'"*+,%,(-+",.8-+"'7+,(-."4A8)(%(",+"%/-%>%"+K0.'+'&)%53+'(+"&.'"+5"/-%*."*+">75'+-%8)5)*%*"+'"<7+"4%8)(%5%,"&.37')*%*+,"+'"5%"H.'%"%1+&(%*%"%,="&.3."&.'"+5">.573+'"*+".8-%,"+K07+,(%,"%"7'%",)(7%&)2'"*+"-)+,/.?

Page 12: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"9"!

!6I7?8LW' ,2K082I6W;" <7+" &.30-+'*+'" 1+'23+'.," (%5+," &.3." (+--+3.(.,;" %&()>)*%*+," >.5&A')&%,;" (,7'%3),;&)&5.'+,"(-.0)&%5+,"B".(-%,"(.-3+'(%,",+>+-%,;"(.-'%*.,"B"17+-(+,">)+'(.,;")'7'*%&).'+,"-)8+-+L%,"B"&.,(+-%,l")'&+'*).,1.-+,(%5+,"B"5%"'+85)'%"&%7,%*%"0.-"+,(.,l"(.-3+'(%,"*+"%-+'%"Z"0.5>.;"B"05%/%,?

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

I'"+,(+"&.'(+K(.;"7'":6W2WK86',2K082I"*+8+"+'(+'*+-,+"&.3." 5%,"&.',+&7+'&)%,"*+5" )30%&(."*+"7'"0+5)/-.'%(7-%5"+'"7'",),(+3%",.&).+&.'23)&."&.'"7'"')>+5"*%*."*+">75'+-%8)5)*%*;"5."<7+")30)*+"<7+"5%",.&)+*%*"%1+&(%*%"5+4%/%"1-+'(+"%"(%5")30%&(.?

I5"876W?L"*+"7'"*+,%,(-+"+,"5%"0-.8%8)5)*%*"*+"<7+"+5"3),3.",7&+*%?"$%">%5.-%&)2'"*+5"-)+,/.")'&57B+"5%"+>%57%&)2'*+"5%">75'+-%8)5)*%*"B"5%"0-+*)&&)2'"*+5")30%&(.;"(.3%'*."+'"&.',)*+-%&)2'"5.,"3A-/+'+,"<7+"*+1)'+'"7'"-)+,/."%&+0(%85+*+'(-."*+"7'%",.&)+*%*"*+(+-3)'%*%?

$.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"3%-/)'%5+,"."+'",)(7%&)2'"*+"(+'+'&)%")',+/7-%l",)'",+->)&).,"+")'1-%+,(-7&(7-%l">)>)+'*%,"B"+*)1)&%&).'+,"3%5&.',(-7)*%,l"78)&%&)2'"+'"(+--+'.,"*+"%5(."-)+,/.l"4%&)'%3)+'(.;")',71)&)+'(+,">=%,"*+"%&&+,.l"B"0+-,.'%,",)'"&%0%&)*%*"0%-%-+,0.'*+-"%"+>+'(.,"1.-(7)(.,l"%73+'(%'"5%"0-.8%8)5)*%*"*+"<7+"7'"1+'23+'."'%(7-%5",+"&.'>)+-(%"+'"7'"+>+'(."*+,(-7&(.-?

I,(.,"1%&(.-+,",+">+'"%/-%>%*.,"+'",)(7%&).'+,"*.'*+"5%",.&)+*%*"'."()+'+"&.'.&)3)+'(."."'."+,(A"%*+&7%*%3+'(+".-/%')H%*%0%-%"+'1-+'(%-"*)&4%,"%3+'%H%,?"NE8)5+,",),(+3%,"*+"&.'(-.5"*+5"7,."*+",7+5."B"5%"&%5)*%*"*+"5%,"+*)1)&%&).'+,l"%7,+'&)%"*+05%'+,"B".-/%')H%&)2'"0%-%")'&.-0.-%-"&-)(+-).,"*+"-+*7&&)2'"*+"-)+,/."+'"5%"05%')1)&%&)2'"B"/+,()2'"&.()*)%'%"*+"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,l)',71)&)+'(+" (-%',3),)2'" *+" &.'.&)3)+'(." +'" +5" A38)(." 5.&%5" ,.8-+" ,)(7%&).'+," *+" -)+,/." B" ,7" -+*7&&)2'l" B" 5%" 1%5(%" *+&.305+3+'(%-)+*%*"+'(-+"5%")'>+-,)2'"0%-%"+5"*+,%--.55."+&.'23)&."B",.&)%5"5.&%5"B"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+"-)+,/.,l",.'"%5/7'.,";%-2#"*1+*'$#5*"0%5.).+%+':,*'%'&*0,+#'-#02".5,=*0'%)'%,&*02#'+*')%'>,)0*"%5.).+%+"*+"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,?

S'"*+,%,(-+;"/+'+-%53+'(+"'."*+0+'*+"+K&57,)>%3+'(+"*+"7'",.5."%&.'(+&)3)+'(.;",)'."<7+"+,"5%"&.'G7/%&)2'"*+"7'%"&%*+'%*+"%&.'(+&)3)+'(.,"<7+"&.'G7/%'"%,0+&(.,"1=,)&.,;"*+"*+,%--.55."B"*+"/.8+-'%8)5)*%*?

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

Page 13: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"#C"!

6.3."0.*+3.,".8,+->%-"+'"+,(+",)305+"+,<7+3%;"+5")30%&(."1)'%5"<7+"07+*%"(+'+-"7'"1+'23+'."'%(7-%5;""*+0+'*+"+'"(.*%,"5%,)',(%'&)%,"*+"5%,"&%0%&)*%*+,"*+"%0.B.?

$%"0-+,+'(+")')&)%()>%"()+'*+"%"1.&%5)H%-",7"%(+'&)2'"+'"%<7+55.,"+5+3+'(.,"*+"5%"/+,()2';"*+"5%"/.8+-'%8)5)*%*;" 5.&%5"*.'*+)'(+->+'&).'+,"*+"%0.B."0%-%"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+"-)+,/.,"B"+5"*+,%--.55."*+"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,".1-+&+'"3%B.-+,"-+(.-'.,"+&.'23)&.,B",.&)%5+,?

Page 14: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"##"!

QA@'2W6,K2V76,KLW'40V2,LW

QA@A@'!#>*%-.9/'N'5">%/.M%-.9/

J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"B"+5"6%-)8+"0.,++'"7'%",70+-1)&)+"*+"eOd;dCC"m3Q;"*+"5.,"&7%5+,"OOO;bCC"&.--+,0.'*+'"%"5%"0%-(+"&.'()'+'(%5?W)+'+"7'%"0.85%&)2'"&+-&%'%"%":9"3)55.'+,"*+"4%8)(%'(+,"&.'1.-3%*%"0.-"7'%"/-%'"*)>+-,)*%*"E(')&%"B"&75(7-%5?"Y+"+,()3%"<7+0%-%" +5" %L." QCQO" 5%" 0.85%&)2'" %5&%'H%-A" 7'%" &)1-%" &+-&%'%" %" 5.," ##C" 3)55.'+,?" $%" 3)(%*" *+" 5%" 0.85%&)2'" 4%8)(%" +'" H.'%,7-8%'%,?"Y)'"+38%-/.;"5%,"0-.B+&&).'+,",+L%5%'"<7+"+'"+5"17(7-."5%"-+/)2'"%5&%'H%-A",)3)5%-+,"')>+5+,"*+"7-8%')H%&)2'"%"5.,"*+J3E-)&%"*+5"Y7-"ReODX"+'"5%"3+*)*%"+'"<7+"+5"&-+&)3)+'(."7-8%'."+'"+,(%"75()3%",+"+,(%8)5)H%"R6I[J$"#999X?

J3E-)&%" 6+'(-%5" +K0+-)3+'(2" 7'" %&+5+-%*." &-+&)3)+'(." *+3./-A1)&." (.(%5" B" 7-8%'." +'" 5%," ^5()3%," *E&%*%,?" I5" OCD" *+" 5%0.85%&)2'">)>+"+'"&)7*%*+,"B"7'"'^3+-." )30.-(%'(+"*+" 5%"0.85%&)2'" -7-%5"+,(A"+'"*)-+&(%" )'(+-*+0+'*+'&)%"&.'" 5%,"H.'%,7-8%'%,?"Y+"0-+>E"<7+"0%-%"+5"%L."QCQC"+5":CD"*+"5%"0.85%&)2'">)>)-A"+'"&)7*%*+,"3%B.-+,"%"#CC"3)5"4%8)(%'(+,?"J3E-)&%6+'(-%5",+"+,(A"(-%,1.-3%'*.""+'"7'%"-+/)2'"0-+*.3)'%'(+3+'(+"7-8%'%"<7+"%^'"'."&7+'(%"&.'"5%,"&.'*)&).'+,"0%-%"%(+'*+-%"7'%"&.'&+'(-%&)2'"(%'"%5(%"*+"0.85%&)2'?"I'"+5"&%,."*+"678%"B"\+0^85)&%"N.3)')&%'%"+5"0-.&+,."*+"7-8%')H%&)2'"17+"37&4.3%B.-;",70+-%'*."+5"eOD"*+"0.85%&)2'"7-8%'%"+'"+5"&%,."*+"678%"B"&+-&%"%5"eCD"+'"5%"\+0^85)&%"N.3)')&%'%?

$%"(%,%"*+"&-+&)3)+'(."*+"5%,"&)7*%*+,"&%0)(%5+,"&.'()'7%",)+'*."+5+>%*%"%7'<7+",+"0-.B+&(%"7'%"&%=*%"+'"5%"%&+5+-%*%"(%,%*+"&-+&)3)+'(."0%-%"5%"0-+,+'(+"*E&%*%?"Ra+-"&7%*-."TP"QX

D5%("#',_'Q''6U#*5-.9/'()'*%'1#>*%-.9/')/'-.5(%()+'-#/'&S+'()''@A\\\A\\\'()'4%>.3%/3)+

]5)/3)J'D6!2I=':.-.)&>")'@ZZZA

++0':1'!6;9<8'56'=>?2931')68@21A'B'6A')129C6

Page 15: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"#Q"!

I5"%&+5+-%*."+")'%*+&7%*."0-.&+,."*+"7-8%')H%&)2'"+,"7'"1%&(.-"-+&7--+'(+"+'"5.,"0%(-.'+,"*+"*+,%--.55."/5.8%5?"f%&(.-"<7+*+8)5)(%"5%"&%0%&)*%*"0%-%"5%"/+,()2'",7,(+'(%85+"*+"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,"B"%73+'(%",7">75'+-%8)5)*%*"%"5.,"1+'23+'.,'%(7-%5+,"B",7&+,.,")'+,0+-%*.,"&-+%*.,"0.-"+5"4.38-+?

QA@AQ''I%'+.35%-.9/'()'*%'U.U.)/(%

JA1'+*',0'&.)'&.))#0*1'+*'(*"1#0%1'"*1.+*02*1'*0'-.,+%+*1'%)"*+*+#"'+*)'&,0+#'>.>*0'*0'>.>.*0+%1'.0%+*-,%+%19')%'&%=#"(%"2*'+*'*12%1'1*'*0-,*02"%0'"%+.-%+%1''*0'5%"".#1'&%"$.0%)*1'*0')#1'(%L1*1'*0'+*1%""#))#6'@.-3%1'A"*%1'1#0')%'*M("*1./0'-)%"%+*')%'(#5"*8%'3,&%0%6

?%'>.>.*0+%'%+*-,%+%'*1'%)$#'&A1':,*',0'1.&()*' 2*-3#6'N.$0.;.-%9'%+*&A19'(".>%-.+%+9'*1(%-.#1'%+*-,%+#19'%--*1.5.).+%+;L1.-%9'1*$,".+%+' ;L1.-%9'1*$,".+%+'+*'("#(.*+%+9'*12%5.).+%+'='+,"%5.).+%+'*12",-2,"%)9' .),&.0%-./0'%+*-,%+%9' .0;"%*12",-2,"%5A1.-%'%+*-,%+%9'%$,%9'1%0.2%".#19'='-%).+%+'&*+.#'%&5.*02%)6

$.," *%(.," ,.8-+" +5" *E1)&)(" +,(-7&(7-%5" *+" 5%" >)>)+'*%" +'" J3E-)&%" 6+'(-%5" " >%-=%'" *-A,()&%3+'(+?" Y+/^'" 5%" <1#-.%-./04*02"#%&*".-%0%'+*')%'O.>.*0+%"RJ6ITaMX;"+'"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5;"0%-%"#99O;"4%8=%"7'"*E1)&)("&7%5)(%()>."*+">)>)+'*%,"+<7)>%5+'(+%""Q?e"3)55.'+,"*+"7')*%*+,?

S'"&A5&75."-+%5)H%*."0.-"+5"4*02"#'+*'P*-,"1#1'(%"%'*)'@*1%""#))#'N#12*0.5)*'+*')#1'<1*02%&.*02#1'Q,&%0#1'*0'4*02"#%&B".-%R6I\6JX;"+,()3%8%"<7+"+5"*E1)&)(" &7%5)(%()>."*+" 5%">)>)+'*%"+'"#99d"+-%"&+-&%'."%" 5.,"b?c"3)55.'+,"*+"7')*%*+,?"W%38)E'+,()3%8%"<7+"5%,"'+&+,)*%*+,"*+">)>)+'*%"&-+&+'"&.'"7'"0-.3+*)."*+"#OC"3)5"7')*%*+,"0.-"%L."B"<7+"5%"&%0%&)*%*"1.-3%5)',(%5%*%"0.*-=%"&78-)-"7'"'^3+-."%0-.K)3%*."*+"dC"3)5"7')*%*+,"%'7%5+,?

I5"*.&73+'(."*+5"!)%0'P*$.#0%)'(%"%')%'!"*>*0-./09'J.2.$%-./0'='<2*0-./0'%')#1'@*1%12"*1''!"#>#-%+#1'(#"')#1'R*0/&*0#1H%2,"%)*1'*0')#1'<1*02%&.*02#1'Q,&%0#1'='*0')%1'O.>.*0+%1'+*'4*02"#%&B".-%;"+5"0.-&+'(%G+"*+"5%"0.85%&)2'"<7+"&%-+&=%"*+>)>)+'*%"0%-%"+5"%L."#99:"+-%P"QQ?dD"+'"6.,(%"\)&%;"b:?9D"0%-%"I5"Y%5>%*.-;"OQ?#D"0%-%"]7%(+3%5%;"Ob?cD"0%-%"F.'*7-%,;ee?d"D"0%-%"T)&%-%/7%"B"bOD"+'"[%'%3A?"Y+/^'"5%"6I[J$"R#999X;"+5"*E1)&)("4%8)(%&).'%5"0%-%"678%"+-%"*+":O#;OeQ"7')*%*+,B"0%-%"5%"\+0^85)&%"N.3)')&%'%"*+"QCd;Qb:?"Y)'"+38%-/.;"5%"&)1-%"0%-%"+,(+"^5()3."0%=,;"0.*-=%",+-"37&4."3%B.-"B%"<7+"+'"5.<7+",+"-+1)+-+"%5"*E1)&)("&7%'()(%()>."0%-+&+"4%8+-"7'"+--.-"B",25.",+"&.'(+305%"d?OeC">)>)+'*%,?"R>+-"&7%*-."Tn"bX

D5%("#',_'TJ':Y`.-.3'()'U.U.)/(%'1#"'1%P+A

f7+'(+P"6I[J$"#999"R+5"(.(%5",+"0-+,+'(%",.5."0%-%"0-.02,)(.,"*+"*),&7,)2'B%"<7+"5.,"*%(.,"*+"5.,"0%=,+,"'."&.--+,0.'*+'"%5"3),3."%L."*+"-+/),(-."B"0.-5."(%'(."'."*+8+'",+-"%/-+/%*.,X

Page 16: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"#b"!

Y+/^'"5%"6I[J$"R#999X;"5%"&%-+'&)%"*+">)>)+'*%"*+8+-=%"4%8+-"%73+'(%*."+'"5%"*E&%*%"0%,%*%;"B%"<7+"+'"5%"3%B.-=%"*+"5.,0%=,+," %^'" ,+" &.',(-7B+" 0.-" *+8%G." *+" 5%," (%,%," %'7%5+," *+" 1.-3%&)2'" *+" 4./%-+,?" $%" )',71)&)+'&)%" *+" 0-.*7&&)2'" 0%-%%8,.-8+-",)<7)+-%"5%"*+3%'*%"0.-"%73+'(."0.85%&).'%5"-+,75(%"%^'"3A,"/-%>+",)",+"&.',)*+-%;"0.-"+G+305.;"+5"3%B.-"-)(3."*+1.-3%&)2'"*+"4./%-+,"%,.&)%*."%"5%"*),3)'7&)2'"*+5"(%3%L."*+"5%,"1%3)5)%,"."%5"%73+'(."*+">)>)+'*%,")--+&70+-%85+,"&%7,%*%,0.-"5.,"*+,%,(-+,"-+&)+'(+,?

J"3+'7*.;"5%"&.',(-7&&)2'"*+">)>)+'*%,"0.075%-+,"()+'*+"%")'&-+3+'(%-"+5"-)+,/."*+",7,"4%8)(%'(+,""*+8)*."%",+-)%,"*+1)&)+'&)%,+'"5%"&%5)*%*"*+"5%"&.',(-7&&)2';"+5"(%3%L."*+5"5.(+"B"+5"A-+%"4%8)(%85+;"B",7"78)&%&)2'"+'"(+--+'.,"'."%0(.,"0%-%"5%"+*)1)&%&)2'?I,(%",)(7%&)2'",+"%/-%>%"+'"&)+-(.,"&%,.,"+'"5%,"+(%0%,"0.,(+-).-+,"%"5.,"*+,%,(-+,"&7%'*."5%"-+&.',(-7&&)2'"*+"%,+'(%3)+'(.,473%'.,"B">)>)+'*%,",+"-+%5)H%",)'"5%,"3=')3%,"&.',)*+-%&).'+,"*+"05%')1)&%&)2';",+/7-)*%*"B"0-+>+'&)2'?

QAQ'2V6,2C2W'G'H0I,682B7I7:2:

QAQA@'0/%'")$.9/'-#/'&a*3.1*)+'%&)/%M%+

J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"B"+5"6%-)8+"+,"7'%"*+"5%,"-+/).'+,"*+5"37'*."3A,"0-.0+',%,"%"5.,"*+,%,(-+,"'%(7-%5+,?"I'"5%"-+/)2'"&.'>+-/+'(.*."()0."*+"%3+'%H%,"*+".-)/+'"'%(7-%5;",+%'"+,(%,"/+.52/)&%,"."4)*-.3+(+.-.52/)&%,?"I,"7'%"*+"5%,"H.'%,"3A,"/+.!*)'A3)&%,*+5"05%'+(%;"5.&%5)H%*%"+'"+5"*+'.3)'%*."_6)'(7-2'"*+"f7+/."_"*+5".&E%'."[%&)1)&.",.8-+"&)'&."05%&%,"(+&(2')&%,""RT.-(+%3+-)&%'%;6.&.;"6%-)8+;"T%H&%"B"[%'%3AX"<7+"&.'>+-/+'"B"5)8+-%'"+'+-/=%"&.',(%'(+3+'(+;"&.'">.5&%'+,"+'"0+-3%'+'(+"%&()>)*%*?

$%"8)0.5%-)*%*"&5)3A()&%;"5%,"*),()'(%,"(+30.-%*%,"557>).,%,"B",+&%,;"8%G."5%")'157+'&)%"*+"5.,".&E%'.,"[%&)1)&."B"J(5A'()&.;"+5+1+&(.")'(+-3)(+'(+"*+"I5"T)L."B"$%"T)L%;"B"+5"3.>)3)+'(."&.',(%'(+"*+"5%"5='+%"*+"&.'>+-/+'&)%")'(+-(-.0)&%5;"&.38)'%*%"&.'7'%"3.-1.5./=%"*+"0+'*)+'(+,"%5(%,;"'73+-.,%,"&7+'&%,"4)*-./-A1)&%,"B"+K(-+3%,"05%')&)+,l".1-+&+'"&.'*)&).'+,"+'"<7+"5%,)'7'*%&).'+,;",+<7=%,"B"*+,5)H%3)+'(.,",.'"1+'23+'.,"-+/75%-+,?"$.,"0%=,+,"78)&%*.,"+'"5%"67+'&%"*+5"6%-)8+",.'"(+,()/.-+&7--+'(+"*+"/-%'*+,"(.-3+'(%,"B"47-%&%'+,"<7+",+"/+'+-%'"+'"+5"J(5A'()&."B"+'"+5"6%-)8+"B"<7+"%,.5%'"5%"-+/)2'"*7-%'(+"5%+,(%&)2'"*+"557>)%,"*+"G75)."%"'.>)+38-+;"&%*%"%L.?

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

QAQAQ'V)(.#'%&>.)/3)'N'".)+$#

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

I5" +<7)5)8-)." +&.52/)&." 3%'(+')*." 0.-" 3)5+').," +'" 5%" -+/)2'" 17+" (-%',1.-3%*." 0.-" %&&)2'" 473%'%" %" (-%>E," *+" 7'" 0-.&+,.'+/%()>." *+" *+,%--.55." <7+" 0-.3.>)2" 5%" +K05.(%&)2'" )'*),&-)3)'%*%" *+" 5.," 8.,<7+,?" $%" (-%',1.-3%&)2'" *+5" ,7+5." 0%-%" 7,.

Page 17: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"#c"!

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f+'23+'."*+"I5"T)L.;" +5" &7%5" %1+&(2" (%'(."%"6+'(-.%3E-)&%" &.3."%5"6%-)8+;" &.'"0+-=.*.,"0-.5.'/%*.,"*+" ,+<7=%,"+)'7'*%&).'+,?"Y+"+,()3%"<7+"#c"*+"5.,"QC"%L.,"3A,"&%5)+'(+,"*+5"Y)/5."oo".&7--)+-.'"*7-%'(+"#9dC!QCCC;",)+'*."#99d;"+5"%L.3A,"&%5)+'(+"*+"(.*."+5",)/5.?"R[?])-.(;"QCC#X?

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

QAQAT'2+)/3%&.)/3#+='5">%/.M%-.9/'N'U5*/)"%>.*.(%(

$%"7-8%')H%&)2'"0.&."05%')1)&%*%"B"+5" -A0)*."&-+&)3)+'(."0.85%&).'%5"+'" 5%,"&)7*%*+,"*+" 5%" -+/)2'"*+"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"B"+56%-)8+"&.'55+>%-.'"%"5%"(-%',1.-3%&)2'"*+5"3+*)."%38)+'(+"B"%"5%"*+,+,(%8)5)H%&)2'"*+5"+<7)5)8-)."+&.52/)&."*+8)*."%"5%"*+',)*%**+5"7,."*+5",7+5.;"5%"*+1.-+,(%&)2'"B"5%"&.'(%3)'%&)2'?

$%" *+1)&)+'&)%" +'" ,),(+3%," *+" *-+'%G+" %0-.0)%*.," B" 5%" )30+-3+%8)5)H%&)2'" *+5" ,7+5." 0.-" +5" 7,." *+5" &.'&-+(." B" +5" %,1%5(.)'&-+3+'(%-.'" +5" >.573+'" B" +5" &%7*%5" *+" 5%," %/7%," *+" +,&.--+'(=%;" (.-'%'*." %" 5%," &)7*%*+," 37&4." 3A," ,7,&+0()85+," %)'7'*%&).'+,"-+0+'()'%,"B".(-.,"1+'23+'.,"-+5%&).'%*.,?"$%"&.'&+'(-%&)2'"*+"%&()>)*%*+,"0+5)/-.,%,"*+"5%")'*7,(-)%;"+5"&.3+-&).;5%" 0-.*7&&)2'" B" 5%" *E8)5" &%5)*%*" *+" 5%," +*)1)&%&).'+," )'&-+3+'(%'" 5%" >75'+-%8)5)*%*" %'(+" %&&)*+'(+," <7=3)&.,;" )'&+'*).,;&.'(%3)'%&)2';"*+--738+,"*+"+*)1)&).,;"+(&?

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`"+")',+/7-)*%*"*+"(+'+'&)%?

QAQAb'!#>")M%'N'U5*/)"%>.*.(%(A

[%-%"#99d;"5%"D#&.+.9/'D)/3"#%&)".-%/%'()'2&>.)/3)'N':)+%""#**#"R66JNX"+,()3%8%"5%"0.85%&)2'"*+"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"+'bc"3)55.'+,"*+"4%8)(%'(+,;"*+" 5.,"&7%5+,"QC"3)55.'+,">)>=%'"+'"&.'*)&).'+,"*+"0.8-+H%;"B"*+'(-."*+"+,.,"QC"3)55.'+,;"#c3)55.'+,"+'"&.'*)&).'+,"*+")'*)/+'&)%"Rc#DX?

Y+/^'"5%"3),3%"17+'(+;"0%-%"+5"%L."QCCC;",+"+,()3%8%"<7+"O"3)55.'+,"3A,"*+"&+'(-.%3+-)&%'.,"0%,%-=%'"%"+'/-.,%-"5%,"1)5%,*+"5.,"0.8-+,l"+,(.",)'"&.',)*+-%-"5.,"+1+&(.,"*+"5.,"&7%'().,.,"*+,%,(-+,"<7+"4%'"%,.5%*."5%"-+/)2'"+'"5.,"^5()3.,"(-+,"%L.,R47-%&A'"]+.-/+,"B"@)(&4""+'"#99d;"5.,"(+--+3.(.,"+'"I5"Y%5>%*.-"B"+5"47-%&A'"@)&4+55+;"+'"QCC#X?

I5"(+--+3.(."+'"]7%(+3%5%;"+5"%L."#9e:;"+'"+5"&7%5"0+-*)+-.'"5%">)*%"&+-&%"*+"Qb"3)5"0+-,.'%,"B"*+,(-7B2"#CC"3)5">)>)+'*%,;%1+&(2"0%-()&75%-3+'(+"%"5%"0.85%&)2'"*+"6)7*%*"*+"]7%(+3%5%"<7+">)>=%"+'"5.,",787-8).,;"+'"H.'%,"-+&.'.&)*%,"*+"%5(."-)+,/.

Page 18: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"#O"!

B" +'" ,)(7%&)2'" *+" 0.8-+H%" +" )'*)/+'&)%?" F7-%&%'+," &.3." +5" @)(&4;" ]+.-/+,;" +'" #99d" B" @)&4+55+;" +'" QCC#;" %,=" &.3." 5.,(+--+3.(.,"*+"I5"Y%5>%*.-;"+'"+5"QCC#;"'."4%&+'"3A,"<7+"&.'1)-3%-"5%"+,(-+&4%"-+5%&)2'"+'(-+"0.8-+H%"B">75'+-%8)5)*%*?

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

_N+"&%*%"#?CCC"')L.,"<7+"'%&+'"+'"6+'(-.%3E-)&%;"cQO"()+'+'"3%*-+,"%'%51%8+(%,;"#CC"'%&+'"+'"1%3)5)%,"*+,%--%)/%*%,;*+,05%H%*%,"B"-+17/)%*%,l"#bC",.'"0-+3%(7-.,"."&.'"8%G."0+,."%5"'%&+-;"dc"3.-)-A'"%'(+,"*+"5.,"&)'&."%L.,l":ed">)>)-A'"+',)(7%&)2'"*+"0.8-+H%"B"*+"+55.,"ccd"+'"5%")'*)/+'&)%l"cCC"'."()+'+'"%&&+,."%5"%/7%"0.(%85+;"OcC"&-+&+-A'"3%5"'7(-)*.,l":eC")-A'%"5%"+,&7+5%"0-)3%-)%"B",.5."Q:d"0.*-A'"&.305+(%-",+K(."/-%*.l"#CC"+'1-+'(%-A'"0-.85+3%,"*+"*),&%0%&)*%*"."3)'7,>%5=%"B"cO(-%8%G%-A'".">)>)-A'"+'"5%"&%55+`?"R[5%'"\+/).'%5"*+"a)>)+'*%"B"J,+'(%3)+'(.,"F73%'.,"#99:!QCCC;"66aJF;"#99:X?

I,(%"+,"5%"0%-(+"*+"5%"0.85%&)2'"<7+"3A,"(%-*%"+'"-+&70+-%-,+"(-%,"7'"1+'23+'."<7+"&753)'%"+'"*+,%,(-+"'%(7-%5;"+,"0%-(+"*+5%"&%7,%"B"+5"+1+&(.;"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,"3%5"05%')1)&%*.,;",+->)&).,"8A,)&.,")'+K),(+'(+,;"-+&7-,.,"3=')3.,;"0.&%"0-+>+'&)2';5+'(%"-+&70+-%&)2'?

QAT'K6,:6,D72W'2DK02I6W':6'I2'86?7E,

I5"*+&+')."0%,%*."17+"7'%"*E&%*%"0.,)()>%"0%-%"5%"/+.0.5=()&%"*+"5%"-+/)2'?"M30.-(%'(+,"%>%'&+,",+"5./-%-.'""+'"5.,"+,17+-H.,*+")'(+/-%&)2'"B"37&4.,"*+"+55.,",+"&.3)+'H%'"%"1.-(%5+&+-?"I'"+5"%L."#99#",7-/+"5%"J,.&)%&)2'"*+"I,(%*.,"6%-)8+L.,"RJI6X&.3."7'"&5%-."3%')1)+,(."0%-%"0-.17'*)H%-"5.,"5%H.,"*+"&..0+-%&)2'"+")'(+-&%38).?"J"0%-()-"*+"#99b;""+'"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5",+1.-(%5+&+"+5"0-.&+,.")'(+/-%&).'),(%"B",+"0.'+"+'"17'&).'%3)+'(."+5'W.+3)&%'()'7/3)$"%-.9/'D)/3"#%&)".-%/#"RYM6JX"<7+(.3%"&%*%">+H"3A,"17+-H%"B"0-+,+'&)%"+'"5.,"%,7'(.,"0.5=()&.,;"+&.'23)&.,;",.&)%5+,"B"%38)+'(%5+,"*+"(.*%"5%"-+/)2'?

I5"37')&)0%5),3."&7+'(%"&.'"7'%"+K0-+,)2'".-/%')H%*%"+'"+5"A38)(."-+/).'%5"%"(-%>E,"*+"5%"])()"%-.9/'()'V5/.-.1%*.(%()+()*'7+3&#'D)/3"#%&)".-%/#'Rf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l""F.'*7-%,"B"T)&%-%/7%l""T)&%-%/7%"B"6.,(%"\)&%l"6.,(%"\)&%"B"[%'%3A;"+(&?"$%",.&)+*%*"&)>)5"(%38)E'"4%"0-.3.>)*.7'" )'(+-+,%'(+" 0-.&+,." *+" )'(+/-%&)2'" %" (-%>E," *+" 7'%" ,+-)+" *+" )')&)%()>%," -+/).'%5+," <7+" 0%-()&)0%'" &.3." 3)+38-.," 7.8,+->%*.-+,"+'"5%"7/.-.%3.U%'D.U.*'1%"%'*%'7/3)$"%-.9/'D)/3"#%&)".-%/%;"3)+38-."05+'."*+5"6.',+G."6.',75()>."*+5"YM6J?

$%">75'+-%8)5)*%*"B"+5"-)+,/."0%,%-.';"+'"5%"*E&%*%"0%,%*%;"%",+-"7'"(+3%"*+"0-).-)*%*"+'"+5"6%-)8+"B"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5?"I'#99#;" 5%"6.37')*%*"6%-)8+L%"%/-70%*%"+'"+5"6J\M6p@;"<7+" )'&57B+" "%" 5.,"+,(%*.,"*+"4%85%" )'/5+,%;"&-+%" 5%"D%".>>)%/:.+%+3)"'6&)"$)/-N'8)+1#/+)'2$)/-N"R6NI\JX?"I'"#99b"+5"YM6J")',()(7&).'%5)H2"&.3."0%-(+"*+5"Y),(+3%"*+"M'(+/-%&)2'%5"D)/3"#'()'D##"(./%-.9/'1%"%'*%'!")U)/-.9/'()':)+%+3")+',%35"%*)+')/'2&Y".-%'D)/3"%*"R6I[\INITJ6X?"I'"+5"%L.QCCC"5%"JI6"RJ,.&)%&)2'"*+"I,(%*.,"*+5"6%-)8+X"1)-32"7'"%&7+-*."+,0+&=1)&."*+"&..0+-%&)2'"+'"+5"(+3%"*+"5.,"*+,%,(-+,"B+K0-+,2",7"3%')1)+,(."*+"%0.B."%"6NI\J"B"6I[\INITJ6?

Page 19: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"#:"!

QAb'86]I6c7L,6W'WLB86'2I?0,2W'D282DK687WK7D2W':6'I2'86?7L,

I'"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5",+"07+*+'"*),()'/7)-"(-+,",78-+/).'+,P"$%">+-()+'(+"&%-)8+L%;"5%"H.'%")'(+-3.'(%L%"B"5%">+-()+'(+"[%&=1)&%?6%*%"7'%"*+"+55%,"0.,++"&%-%&(+-=,()&%,"0%-()&75%-+,"+'",7"/+./-%1=%;"3+*)."%38)+'(+;"-+&7-,.,"'%(7-%5+,;"%,="&.3."+'",7,%,0+&(.,"E(')&.,;"&75(7-%5+,;"+&.'23)&.,"B",.&)%5+,?

I'"&7%'(."%"5%,"&%-%&(+-=,()&%,"*+"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,"B"5%,">)>)+'*%,;"+'"&%*%"7'%"*+"+,(%,",78-+/).'+,",+"07+*+')*+'()1)&%-"()0.5./=%,"*+"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"B"3.*%5)*%*+,"&.',(-7&()>%,"0-.0)%,;"<7+"-+15+G%'"(%'(."5.,"1%&(.-+,"+&.'23)&.,;",.&).!&75(7-%5+," &.3." 5%" *),0.')8)5)*%*" B" *+,%--.55." *+" 5.," 3%(+-)%5+," *+" &.',(-7&&)2'?" $%," &%-%&(+-=,()&%," 0%-()&75%-+," *+" +,(%,*)>+-,%,"_()0.5./=%,`""*+"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"B">)>)+'*%,"0+-,),(+'"+'"'7+,(-.,"*=%,;"%"0+,%-"*+"5%"0E-*)*%"*+"&.'.&)3)+'(."B"*+0-A&()&%," (-%*)&).'%5+," <7+" 4%" &.'55+>%*." +5" 0-.&+,." *+" /5.8%5)H%&)2'" B" _4.3./+')H%&)2'`" &75(7-%5" <7+" %,),()3.,?" R[%()L.;QCCCX?

$%,"*)1+-+'&)%,",+"3%')1)+,(%';"%*+3A,;"+'"+5"/-%*."*+">75'+-%8)5)*%*"B"%3+'%H%,?"J7'<7+"5%"-+/)2'"+'",7"&.'G7'(."0-+,+'(%7'" &7%*-." *+" 3^5()05+," %3+'%H%," B" '." ,+" 07+*+" *+,&%-(%-" 5%" .&7--+'&)%" *+" 7'" 1+'23+'." '%(7-%5" +,0+&=1)&.;" 5%" >+-()+'(+&%-)8+L%"()+'+"7'%"(+'*+'&)%"37&4."3%B.-"4%&)%"5%".&7--+'&)%"*+"5.,"1+'23+'.,"4)*-.3+(+.-.52/)&.,l"5%">+-()+'(+"0%&=1)&%0.,++"7'%"3%B.-"%&()>)*%*",=,3)&%;">.5&A')&%;"3%-+3.(.,;",+<7=%,;"+(&?"B"5%"H.'%")'(+-3.'(%L%"0-+,+'(%"7'%"&.38)'%&)2'"*+5.,"1+'23+'.,"*+"5%,"*.,"%'(+-).-+,?"I,"G7,(%3+'(+"+'"+,(%"^5()3%;"+'"5%"&7%5",+"&.'&+'(-%'">%-)%,"*+"5%,"&)7*%*+,"&%0)(%5+,*+"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5?

I'"5%"-+/)2'"0.*+3.,"*),()'/7)-"*.,"/-70.,"*+"0%=,+,"<7+"0-+,+'(%'",)3)5)(7*+,"+'"-+5%&)2'"&.'"+5"-)+,/.?

q I5"0-)3+-"/-70.;"+'"3%B.-",)(7%&)2'"*+"-)+,/."-+0-+,+'(%*."0.-"\+0^85)&%"N.3)')&%'%;"F.'*7-%,;"T)&%-%/7%"B"]7%(+3%5%;&.'"7'"='*)&+"*+"*+,%--.55."473%'."8%G."+'"+5"&.'()'+'(+;"7'"&7%*-."*+"%3+'%H%,"3^5()05+,"B"7'%"/-%'">75'+-%8)5)*%*+&.'23)&%"B",.&)%5?"Y7,",),(+3%,"*+"0-+>+'&)2';"3)()/%&)2'"B"0-+0%-%()>.,",.'"(.*%>=%")'%*+&7%*.,;"5."<7+"4%"<7+*%*.*+3.,(-%*."+'"+5")30%&(."*+"5.,"3A,"-+&)+'(+,"*+,%,(-+,"0-.>.&%*.,"0.-"+5"47-%&A'"@)(&4"B"]+.-/+,?

q S'",+/7'*."/-70."*+" -)+,/."&.',)*+-%85+" 5."&.30.'+'"6.,(%"\)&%;"678%"B"[%'%3A;"<7+"0.,++'"7'"3%B.-"')>+5"*+*+,%--.55."473%'." R*+'(-."*+" 5.,"3+G.-+,"*+"J3E-)&%"$%()'%X"<7+",+"3%')1)+,(%"+'"7'%"3%B.-"+K0+&(%()>%"*+">)*%"%5'%&+-;"3+G.-+,".0.-(7')*%*+,"0%-%"5%",%57*;"+*7&%&)2'"B"+305+.?"[.,++'",),(+3%,"*+")'1.-3%&)2';"0-+>+'&)2';"3)()/%&)2'B"0-+0%-%()>.,"-+5%()>%3+'(+"*+,%--.55%*.,"B"+1)&)+'(+,;"0+-.",)/7+'"+,(%'*."+'"7'"+,&+'%-)."*+""%3+'%H%,"3^5()05+,"B>75'+-%8)5)*%*",.&)%5"B"+&.'23)&%?

r'*)&+"*+"N+,%--.55."F73%'. r'*)&+"*+"[.8-+H%"F73%'.

6.,(%"\)&% C?dQ# Q678% c[%'%3A C?edc :\+0^85)&%"N.3)')&%'% C?eQQ QQF.'*7-%, C?:bc bOT)&%-%/7% C?:bO b9]7%(+3%5% C?:Q: c#

]5)/3)J'!,0:'8)1#"3)'()':)+%""#**#'45&%/#'Q\\@

Page 20: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"#e"!

6*'d/(.-)'()':)+%""#**#'45&%/#'3)*+"5.,"%*+5%'(.,"3+*).,"*+"7'"0%=,"+'"(-+,"%,0+&(.,"8A,)&.,"*+5"*+,%--.55."473%'.?"#?!S'%">)*%"5%-/%"B",%57*%85+;"3+*)*%"0.-"5%"+,0+-%'H%"*+">)*%"%5"'%&+-?"Q?!"6.'.&)3)+'(.,;"3+*)*.,"0.-"5%"(%,%"*+"%51%8+()H%&)2'*+"%*75(.,"R0.'*+-%&)2'"QZbX"B"5%"&.38)'%&)2'"*+"5%,"(%,%,"8-7(%,"*+"3%(-)&75%&)2'"%"0-)3%-)%;",+&7'*%-)%"B"(+-&)%-)%"R0.'*+-%&)2'#ZbX?"b?!"S'"')>+5"*+">)*%"*+&.-.,.;"3+*)*."0.-"+5"[MV"0+-"&%0)(%?"a%5.-"3=')3."C">%5.-"3AK)3."#?" "I5"0-.3+*)." (.(%5"0%-%J3E-)&%"$%()'%"+,"*+"C?ebb

6*'d/(.-)'()'!#>")M%'45&%/#"3)*+"5%,"0-)>%&).'+,"+'"5.,"(-+,"%,0+&(.,"8A,)&.,"*+"*+,%--.55."473%'."<7+"-+15+G%'"+5"MNF?$.'/+>)*%*?"6.'.&)3)+'(.,?"T)>+5"*+">)*%?I5"-+,75(%*."+,(A"&.3."7'"-%'s)'/;"+'"+5"&7%5"+5"'^3+-."#"+,"+5"<7+"3+'.-"')>+5"*+"0.8-+H%""()+'+"B"+5"3A,"%5(.;"+,"+5"<7+"3%B.-')>+5"*+"0.8-+H%"()+'+?"I'"+5"-%'s)'/",+"+'&7+'(-%'",25."5.,"0%=,+,"+'">=%"*+"*+,%--.55.?

I'"+5"A38)(."(+--)(.-)%5;"+5"*+,%--.55."+'"5%"-+/)2'"()+'*+"%"&.'&+'(-%-,+"+'"5%,"&)7*%*+,;"0-)'&)0%53+'(+"+'"5%"&%0)(%5?"IK),(+(%38)E'"7'"%5(."')>+5"*+"&.'&+'(-%&)2'"*+"3%-/)'%5)*%*"B"0.8-+H%"+'"5%,"H.'%,"1-.'(+-)H%,?"678%"+,"7'"&%,."+,0+&)%5"*+8)*.%"<7+"+5"3.*+5."0.5=()&.;"0-.*7&()>."B",.&)%5",+"8%,%"+'"5%"05%')1)&%&)2'"*+"5%"+&.'.3=%;"5."<7+"5+"4%"0+-3)()*."0-.3.>+-""+5*+,%--.55."(%'(."+'"H.'%,"-7-%5+,"&.3."7-8%'%,?

Y+".8,+->%'"0-.17'*%,"*+,)/7%5*%*+,"*+")'/-+,.,l"+'(-+"4.38-+,"B"37G+-+,l"+'(-+")'*=/+'%,;"%1-.&%-)8+L.,"B"85%'&.,?"$%,37G+-+,;"5.,"')L.,;"5.,"G2>+'+,;"5.,"%'&)%'.,"B"0+-,.'%,"&.'"*),&%0%&)*%*+,",.'"0%-(+"*+"5.,"*+,1%>.-+&)*.,"*+"5%,"%&(7%5+,,.&)+*%*+,"*+"5%"-+/)2'?

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

M30.-(%'(+,"&)7*%*+,;"%,+'(%3)+'(.,;")'1-%+,(-7&(7-%"1=,)&%;"+&.'23)&%"B"0-.*7&()>%l"%,="&.3."5%"3%B.-"&%'()*%*"*+"0.85%&)2',+"+'&7+'(-%'"+'"5%,"H.'%,"*+"%5(."-)+,/."B"5%"0.8-+H%"-7-%5"3A,",+>+-%",+"&.'&+'(-%"+'"H.'%,"&-=()&%,"0%-%"+5"%8%,(+&)3)+'(.*+"%/7%;"*.(%&)2'"*+",+->)&).,"B"0-+,+->%&)2'"*+"5%"8).*)>+-,)*%*?

QAe'ILW'V0,7D7!7LW':6'I2'D06,D2':6I'D287B6

$%"+'&7+,(%"-+%5)H%*%"0.-"5%"2+#-.%-.9/'()'6+3%(#+'()*'D%".>)"+'"+5"%L."QCCC;"*+'.3)'%*%"f]#"3%*)M%+=':)>.*.(%()+'N!"#N)-3#+'()'?)+3.9/'()':)+%+3")+`;",+L%5%"<7+"+5"d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

I'" (.*.," 5.,"0%=,+,"<7+"&.30-+'*+"+5"0-+,+'(+"+,(7*)."+K),(+"*.&73+'(%&)2'"%*+&7%*%",.8-+" 5%,"%3+'%H%,"B" 5%,"A-+%,0.(+'&)%5+," *+" )30%&(.l" ,)'" +38%-/.;" 5%" +,&%5%" *+" 5%" )'1.-3%&)2'" +," (.*%>=%" 37B" /+'+-%5)H%*%" B" +5" &.'.&)3)+'(." *+" 5%>75'+-%8)5)*%*"0-+,+'(%",+-).,">%&=.,?"I,(%",)(7%&)2'"'."0+-3)(+"4%&+-"7'"%'A5),),"-+%5"*+5"-)+,/."B"0-+,+'(%""5)3)(%&).'+,"+'&7%'(."%5"A38)(."5.&%5!37')&)0%5?"[.-".(-%"0%-(+;",+"07+*+".8,+->%-"<7+"+'"(.*%,"5%,"'%&).'+,"*+5"A-+%"+K),(+'"0-.&+*)3)+'(.,

Page 21: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"#d"!

+,(A'*%-"*+".0+-%&)2'"+'"5.,"%,0+&(.,"*+"3%'+G."*+"*+,%,(-+,"B",),(+3%,"'%&).'%5+,;"&7B%"1.-(%5+H%"-%*)&%"4%,(%"5%"1+&4%;"+'+'1-+'(%-"5%"+3+-/+'&)%;"0+-."<7+"37+,(-%"5)3)(%&).'+,"+'"5%"/+,()2'"*+"5%"-+&70+-%&)2';"-+&.',(-7&&)2'"B"5%"0-+>+'&)2'?

J"0+,%-"*+"5%,"/-%'*+,",)3)5)(7*+,"1-+'(+"%"5%,"%3+'%H%,"+")'&57,."+'"%,0+&(.,"*+"5%">75'+-%8)5)*%*;"&%*%"0%=,"()+'+"&%-%&(+-=,()&%,0-.0)%,"+'",7".-/%')H%&)2';"&%0%&)*%*+,;"*)>),)2'"0.5=()&%"%*3)'),(-%()>%"B"%>%'&+,"+'"5%"/+,()2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,?"J"&.'()'7%&)2';,)'",+-"+K4%7,()>.,"B"&.'"5)3)(%'(+,"+'"&7%'(."%"5%"%&(7%5)H%&)2'"*+"5%")'1.-3%&)2';",+"0-+,+'(%'"%5/7'%,"*+"5%,"&%-%&(+-=,()&%,0%-()&75%-+,"*+"5.,"0%=,+,"+'"+,(7*).?

QAeA@'DLWK2'87D2

?)/)"%*.(%()+

6.,(%"\)&%;"&7B%"&%0)(%5"+,"Y%'"t.,E;"0.,++"7'%",70+-1)&)+"(.(%5"*+"O#;#CC#"m3?Q;"&.'"7'%"0.85%&)2'"&+-&%'%"%"5.,"c?#"3)55.'+,*+"4%8)(%'(+,"*+"5.,"&7%5+,"+5"OC?c"D"4%8)(%"+'"H.'%,"7-8%'%,?""I,"&.',)*+-%*."+5"0%=,"*+"3+'.,"0.8-+H%"+'"+5"A-+%"RQO!bCD,+/^'" 5%" 17+'(+" <7+" ,+" &.',75(+X?" I'" +5" M'1.-3+" ,.8-+" N+,%--.55." F73%'." QCCQ" .&70%" +5" 07+,(." T." cb" +'" +5" MNF" *+" 5%&5%,)1)&%&)2'"37'*)%5Q?""I5"0%=,",+"*)>)*+"%*3)'),(-%()>%3+'(+"+'",)+(+"0-.>)'&)%,;"5%,"&7%5+,"%",7">+H",+",78*)>)*+'"+'"7'"(.(%5*+"d#"37')&)0).,"+'"(.*."+5"(+--)(.-)."'%&).'%5?

$%"[-.>)'&)%"*+"$)32'"&.30-+'*+"(.*."+5"5)(.-%5"*+5"6%-)8+?"[.,++"7'%"0.85%&)2'"*+"bcC;eO:"4%8)(%'(+,b"B"+,(A"*)>)*)*%"+'",+),37')&)0).,P""$)32'"R6%'(2'"6+'(-%5"*+"5%"0-.>)'&)%"+'"*.'*+",+"78)&%"+5"0-)'&)0%5"07+-(."*+5"0%=,X;"@%()'%;"Y)<7)--+,;"]7A&)3.;[.&.&="B"W%5%3%'&%?""[.,++"7'%"%*3)'),(-%&)2'"&.'"-+5%()>%"%7(.'.3=%"*+5"/.8)+-'."&+'(-%5"<7+"4%",)*."*+5+/%*%"%"5%"g5/3%2(&./.+3"%3.U%'N'()':)+%""#**#'1%"%'*%'H)"3.)/3)'23*S/3.-%"RtJ[NIaJX?

I'"#99d"+'(-2"+'">)/+'&)%"5%"$+B"ee9c"."_62*)/."@7')&)0%5`;"5%"&7%5"-)/+"5%".-/%')H%&)2'"B"17'&).'%3)+'(."*+"5.,"37')&)0).,?I,(+"62*)/."-++305%H2"+5"&7+-0."'.-3%()>."37')&)0%5"*+"#9eC?""Y)'"+38%-/.;" 5%"'7+>%"5+/),5%&)2'"37')&)0%5"'."*+1)'+"5%,&.30+(+'&)%,"5.&%5+,"B"^')&%3+'(+",+"5)3)(%"%"*+(+-3)'%-"<7+"5%"37')&)0%5)*%*"*+'(-."*+",7"%7(.'.3=%"0.5=()&%;"%*3)'),(-%()>%B"1)'%'&)+-%;"()+'+"5%"%(-)87&)2'"*+"_%*3)'),(-%-"B"0-+,(%-"5.,",+->)&).,"37')&)0%5+,`"&.3.",+"3+'&).'%"+'"+5"%-()&75."eO"*+"*)&4%$+B?""I,")30.-(%'(+"3+'&).'%-"<7+"+5"62*)/."@7')&)0%5",+L%5%"<7+"5%,"(%,%,"<7+"&.8-+'"5%,"37')&)0%5)*%*+,"0.-"5%"0-+,(%&)2'*+",+->)&).,;",+"1)G%-A"&.'"8%,+"+'"+5"&.,(."+1+&()>."3A,"7'"*)+H"0.-"&)+'(."R#CDX"*+"7()5)*%*"0%-%"*+,%--.55%-5.,?

I'"#99O"+5"/.8)+-'."&+'(-%5"(-%',1)-)2"%"5%,"37')&)0%5)*%*+,"+5")307+,(."*+"8)+'+,")'37+85+,c;"<7+"+'"+,+"3.3+'(."-+/),(-2"7'%73+'(.",)/')1)&%()>."+'",7"-+&%7*."%"5%,"37')&)0%5)*%*+,;",)'"+38%-/.;"%"-%=H"*+"5%"-+1.-3%"5+/%5"<7+"-+*7G."+5">%5.-")30.,)()>.*+":"%"b"0.-"3)55%-;"+,(%"17+'(+"*+")'/-+,.,"*),3)'7B2?

I'"G7')."*+5"QCC#",+"3.*)1)&2"+5"%-(=&75."#e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

# Y70+-1)&)+"(+--)(.-)%5"*+"OC;::C"B",70+-1)&)+"(.(%5"O#;#CC"m3?Q

Q I5"='*)&+"*+"*+,%--.55."473%'."MNF"3)*+"5.,"%>%'&+,"*+"7'"0%=,"+'"(E-3)'.,"*+"+,0+-%'H%"*+">)*%;"+*7&%&)2'"+")'/-+,."-+%5"%G7,(%*.?b f7+'(+P"MTI6"R6+',."T%&).'%5"*+"[.85%&)2'X;"S')*%*"*+"I,(%*=,()&%"*+5"@)'),(+-)."*+"Y%57*"[^85)&%"0%-%"+5"%L."QCCC?c $+B"eOC9"*+"#99O""M307+,(."*+"V)+'+,"M'37+85+,?"MVM?

Page 22: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"#9"!

N+,*+"#9ee;" 5%"0/.9/',%-.#/%*'()'?#>.)"/#+'I#-%*)+" RST]$X;"&7+'(%"&.'"0+-,.'+-=%" G7-=*)&%"B"+,(%(7(.," -+&.'.&)*.,?I,(%"%,.&)%&)2'"'%&).'%5"*+"37')&)0).,"%/-70%"%"5%,"d#"37')&)0%5)*%*+,"*+5"0%=,;"%*<7)-)+'*.">)(%5")30.-(%'&)%"%")')&).,"*+"5%*E&%*%"*+"#99C;"&.',()(7BE'*.,+"+'"7'%"*+" 5%," )',(%'&)%,"'%&).'%5+,"&.'"3%B.-"&%0%&)*%*"0%-%"0-.3.>+-"+5"0-.&+,."*+*+,&+'(-%5)H%&)2'"*+"5.,"/.8)+-'.,"5.&%5+,"%"(-%>E,"*+"5%"0-.3.&)2'"*+"0-.B+&(.,"*+"5+B;"&%0%&)(%&)2';")'(+-&%38)."B"0-./-%3%,*+"1.-(%5+&)3)+'(."37')&)0%5?"[.-"0%-(+"*+5"I,(%*.;"5%,"37')&)0%5)*%*+,",.'"%(+'*)*%,"0.-"+5"M',()(7(."*+"f.3+'(."@7')&)0%5RMfJ@X"<7+"17+"&.',()(7)*."+'"#9eC?

L"$%/.M%-.9/')/'*%'?)+3.9/'()':)+%+3")+

6.,(%"\)&%"4%"-+%5)H%*.")30.-(%'(+,"+,17+-H.,"B"%>%'&+,"+'"5%"57&4%"&.'(-%"5.,"*+,%,(-+,?""I'"#999",+"-+1.-32"5%"5+B">)/+'(+B",+"&.',()(7B2"5%'D#&.+.9/',%-.#/%*'()'!")U)/-.9/'()'8.)+$#+'N'()'23)/-.9/'%'*%+'6&)"$)/-.%+"R6TIX;",7,()(7B+'*.%,="%" 5%"%'()/7%"6.3),)2'"T%&).'%5"*+"I3+-/+'&)%?" "$%"6TI"%*<7)+-+"3%B.-+,"1%&75(%*+,"0%-%"(-%8%G%-"+'"%,0+&(.,"*+"5%0-+>+'&)2'?""I,(A"%*,&-)(%"%"5%"[-+,)*+'&)%"*+"5%"\+0^85)&%"B"",+"&.',()(7B+"0.-"5%"t7'(%"N)-+&()>%"R<7+"+,"+5+/)*%"0.-"+5"[.*+-IG+&7()>.X"5%"[-+,)*+'&)%"B"5%"N)-+&&)2'"IG+&7()>%?""I5"N)-+&(.-"."N)-+&(.-%"IG+&7()>%"+,"'.38-%*."0.-"5%"t7'(%"N)-+&()>%?""I'"+5A38)(.".0+-%&).'%5"5%"6TI"&7+'(%"&.'"6.3)(E,"T%&).'%5+,;"\+/).'%5+,"B"$.&%5+,;"*)-)/)*.,"0.-"5%")',(%'&)%"T%&).'%5?

J"0+,%-"*+"5.,")30.-(%'(+,"&%38).,"+'"3%(+-)%"*+"0-+>+'&)2';"5%"'7+>%"$+B"*+"*+,%,(-+,"0-+,+'(%",+-).,">%&=.,"+'"+5"0%0+5+,0+&=1)&."B"5%,"-+,0.',%8)5)*%*+,"*+"5.,"/.8)+-'.,"5.&%5+,?"I5"17'&).'%3)+'(."*+"5.,"&.3)(E,;")'&57B+'*."5.,"*+5"A38)(."5.&%5;+,"-+/5%3+'(%*."0.-"5%"G7'(%"*)-+&()>%?""I'"5%"/+,()2'"*+"+3+-/+'&)%,"5.,"&.3)(E,"+,(A'"1%&75(%*.,"0%-%"7()5)H%-"5.,",+->)&).,"B1%&)5)*%*+,"*+"5%,")',()(7&).'+,"0^85)&%,;")'&57B+'*."%"5%,"37')&)0%5+,;"&.'"+5"&.',+'()3)+'(."*+5"/.8)+-'."5.&%5?

[%-%"+5"17'&).'%3)+'(."*+"5%"6TI;"+5"I,(%*."%,)/'%"1.'*.,"*+5"[-+,707+,(."T%&).'%5;"<7+"&78-+'"0-)'&)0%53+'(+"5.,"/%,(.,%*3)'),(-%()>.,?""W%38)E'",+"4%"&-+%*."+5"]#/(#',%-.#/%*'()'6&)"$)/-.%;"+5"&7%5"()+'+"5%"1%&75(%*"*+"-+&%7*%-"1.'*.,"*+&.'(-)87&).'+,;" *.'%&).'+,;" ,.5)*%-)*%*;" &..0+-%&)2'" )'(+-'%&).'%5" B" *+" 5.," 0-+,707+,(.," .-*)'%-).," B" +K(-%.-*)'%-)." *+" 5%\+0^85)&%?

QAeAQ'86!0BI7D2':6'D0B2

?)/)"%*.(%()+

$%"\+0^85)&%"*+"678%"+,"+5"3%B.-"*+" 5.,"+,(%*.,"*+5"6%-)8+" M',75%-;" &.',()(7)*%"0.-" 5%" ),5%"0-)'&)0%5" R678%X;" 5%" ),5%"*+" 5%t7>+'(7*"B"3A,"*+"c;#9O"),5.(+,"<7+",73%'"7'%"+K(+',)2'"(+--)(.-)%5"*+"##C;9QQ"m3?Q?""[.,++"7'%"0.85%&)2'"&+-&%'%"%"5.,"##?#3)55.'+,"*+"4%8)(%'(+,;"*+"5.,"&7%5+,"+5"e9?9D"4%8)(%"+'"H.'%,"7-8%'%,?""6.',()(7B+"+5"0%=,"3A,"7-8%')H%*."*+"5%"-+/)2'?""I,7'."*+"5%,"'%&).'+,"*+"3%B.-"*+,%--.55."473%'."+'"5%"-+/)2';"78)&%*."+'"+5"57/%-"OO"*+"#eb"0%=,+,"&5%,)1)&%*.,?

I'"#9e:",+")305+3+'(2"+'"678%"7'%"'7+>%"*)>),)2'"0.5=()&%"%*3)'),(-%()>%;"%'(+"5%"'+&+,)*%*"*+"&-+%-"7'%"+,(-7&(7-%"(+--)(.-)%5%&.-*+"%5"*+,%--.55."+&.'23)&."B",.&)%5"*+5"0%=,?""I,(%"*)>),)2'"&.30-+'*+"#c"0-.>)'&)%,"<7+",+",78*)>)*+'"%",7">+H;"+'"##937')&)0).,;"B"7'"37')&)0)."+,0+&)%5"RM,5%"*+"5%"t7>+'(7*X?""J"(-%>E,"*+"+,(%"'7+>%"1.-3%"*+"*)>),)2';"5%,"&)7*%*+,"0%,%-.'"%G7/%-"7'"0%0+5"37&4."3A,")30.-(%'(+"B",+"+,(%85+&)+-.'"&.3."&+'(-.,"*+"%(+'&)2'"%",7,"-+,0+&()>.,"(+--)(.-).,?""$%,"'7+>%,0-.>)'&)%,"<7+",+"&-+%-.'"1%&)5)(%'"5%"0.5=()&%"*+"*+,%--.55."-+/).'%5"B"5.&%5"*+5"0%=,;"0%-%"+<7)5)8-%-"+5"*+,%--.55."+'"5%,"*)1+-+'(+,H.'%,"B"%0-.>+&4%-"3+G.-"5.,"-+&7-,.,"473%'.,"B"'%(7-%5+,?

J7'<7+"+5"0.*+-"5.&%5"+'"5%"\+0^85)&%"*+"678%"+G+-&+"7'"0%0+5"-+5+>%'(+"+'"5%"/+,()2'"*+5"(+--)(.-).;"+,"+5"^')&."0%=,"<7+"'.&7+'(%"&.'"7'%"1+*+-%&)2'"37')&)0%5"+'"A38)(."'%&).'%5?

Page 23: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"QC"!

L"$%/.M%-.9/')/'*%'?)+3.9/'()':)+%+3")+

$%"N+1+',%"6)>)5"+,"+5",),(+3%"+,(%(%5"*+"3+*)*%,"*+"*+1+',%"0%-%"0-.(+/+-"5%"+&.'.3=%"'%&).'%5;"5%,">)*%,"B"5.,"-+&7-,.,'%(7-%5+," *+5" 0%=," +'" &%,." *+" *+,%,(-+," ." &%(A,(-.1+,?" " f7'&).'%" &.'" %305)%," 0.(+,(%*+," %" 5." 5%-/." *+" (.*." +5" (+--)(.-).'%&).'%5?

I5",),(+3%"+,(A"+'&%8+H%*."0.-"+5"[-+,)*+'(+"*+5"6.',+G."I,(%(%5;"<7+"*+5+/%"+'"+5"I,(%*."@%B.-"*+" 5%"N+1+',%"6)>)5"+5&7305)3)+'(."*+" 5%,"3+*)*%,"*+"*+1+',%"B"*+"&..-*)'%&)2'"*+" 5.,"0-./-%3%,"*+"%B7*%"B"&.5%8.-%&)2'"+'",)(7%&).'+,"*+*+,%,(-+,?""$%"$+B"*+"N+1+',%"6)>)5"&78%'%"1%&75(%"B"(-%',1)+-+"0.(+,(%*+,"%"(.*.,"5.,"+'(+,"*+5"I,(%*."B"+'"+,0+&)%5"%<7+55.,-+5%&).'%*.,"&.'"5%"05%')1)&%&)2'"+&.'23)&%"B"+,(-%(E/)&%?

$%".-/%')H%&)2'"*+"5%"N+1+',%"6)>)5"()+'+"7'%"8%,+"5+/%5"<7+",+"%05)&%"+'"(.*."+5"0%=,;"(%'(."+'"+5"A38)(."'%&).'%5"&.3."+'"+50-.>)'&)%5"B"37')&)0%5?""W.*%,"5%,")',(%'&)%,"17'&).'%'"+'"&..-*)'%&)2'"&.'"+5"I,(%*."@%B.-"*+"5%"N+1+',%"6)>)5"*+,(%&%*."+'&%*%"(+--)(.-).;"&.'"%305)%"%7(.'.3=%"0%-%"&%*%"7'."*+"5.,"A38)(.,"/+./-A1)&.,"*+"%&&)2'?""$%"%7(.'.3=%"-+/).'%5"B"5.&%5"+,(A+,(%85+&)*%"0.-"5%"6.',()(7&)2'"[.5=()&%"*+5"0%=,?

W.*%,"5%,"%&&).'+,"*+,()'%*%,"%"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,"B"0%-%"&%,.,"*+"+3+-/+'&)%,",.'"1)'%'&)%*%,"0.-"+5"[-+,707+,(.T%&).'%5;"(%'(."+'"5%,"%05)&%&).'+,"&.3."+'"+5"17'&).'%3)+'(.".0+-%()>.?

QAeAT''86!0BI7D2':6'?02K6V2I2

?)/)"%*.(%()+

]7%(+3%5%" ()+'+" 7'%" +K(+',)2'" (+--)(.-)%5" *+" #Cd;dd9" s3?Q" I," +5" 0%=," 3A," 0.85%*." *+" 6+'(-.%3E-)&%;" &.'" 7'%" 0.85%&)2'0-.B+&(%*%"*+"##?9"*+"4%8)(%'(+,O;"*+"5.,"&7%5+,"+5"b9?c"0.-"&)+'(.">)>+"+'"H.'%,"7-8%'%,?""p&70%"+5"57/%-"#QC"+'"+5"='*)&+"*+*+,%--.55."473%'."*+"T%&).'+,"S')*%,;",)+'*."E5"3A,"8%G."*+"5.,"0%=,+,",7G+(.,"*+5"0-+,+'(+"+,(7*)."B"+,"%*+3A,"7'."*+"5.,3A,"0.8-+,"*+"5%"-+/)2'?

I5"0%=,",+"*)>)*+"%*3)'),(-%()>%3+'(+"+'"QQ"*+0%-(%3+'(.,"B"bb#"37')&)0).,?""$%"H.'%"3+(-.0.5)(%'%"*+"]7%(+3%5%"&.',()(7B++5"A-+%"7-8%'%"3A,"/-%'*+"*+5"0%=,;"&.'"7'%"0.85%&)2'"*+"Q;e"3)55.'+,"*+"4%8)(%'(+,:?""$.,"*+0%-(%3+'(.,"+,(A'"%"&%-/."*+7'"/.8+-'%*.-"*+,)/'%*."0.-"+5"[-+,)*+'(+"*+"5%"\+0^85)&%?""$.,"37')&)0).,",.'")',()(7&).'+,"%7(2'.3%,;"<7+"+5)/+'"%5&%5*+,B"&.'&+G%5+,"0.-",71-%/)."7')>+-,%5;"0%-%"7'"0+-=.*."*+"c"%L.,?

I'"#9Oe;"+5"].8)+-'."*+"]7%(+3%5%"&-+2"+5" 7/+3.353#'()']#&)/3#'V5/.-.1%*' ;7,]LVX"&.3."+'(+"+,(%(%5"*+"%0.B."%" 5%,37')&)0%5)*%*+,?""$%"6.',()(7&)2'"[.5=()&%"*+5"0%=,"4%"+,()075%*."+5"(-%,5%*."%"5%,"37')&)0%5)*%*+,"*+"7'"#CD"*+"5.,")'/-+,.,.-*)'%-).,"*+5"/.8)+-'."&+'(-%5?""J*)&).'%53+'(+;",+"5+,"(-%,5%*%"#Q?OD"*+5"M307+,(."%5"a%5.-"J/-+/%*.;"+5"OC"D"*+5")307+,(.,.8-+"&)-&75%&)2'"*+">+4=&75.,"B".(-.,"R/%,.5)'%;"MSYM;"5)&.-+,"B"%/7%-*)+'(+X?

$%"2+#-.%-.9/',%-.#/%*'()'V5/.-.1%*.(%()+'()'?5%3)&%*%'RJTJ@X"+,(A"&.',()(7)*%"0.-"5.,"bb#"37')&)0).,"*+5"0%=,?"f7+&-+%*%"+5"Q#"*+"'.>)+38-+"*+"#9:C;"%*<7)-)+'*.""3%B.-"-+5+>%'&)%"+'"5.,"%L.,"'.>+'(%?"Y7,"+,(%(7(.,"4%'",)*."3.*)1)&%*.,+'"*.,".&%,).'+,P"+5"#d"*+"1+8-+-."*+"#99b"B"+5"9"*+"'.>)+38-+"*+"QCC#?""J*+3A,"*+"5%"JTJ@"+K),(+'".(-%,".-/%')H%&).'+,*+"%7(.-)*%*+,"5.&%5+,"&.3."5%"2+#-.%-.9/'?5%3)&%*3)-%'()'2*-%*()+'N'253#".(%()+'7/(P$)/%+"RJ]JJMX;"QQ"%,.&)%&).'+,*+0%-(%3+'(%5+,"B"*)>+-,%,"%,.&)%&).'+,"*+"%5&%5*+,"B"3%'&.37')*%*+,?

O f7+'(+P" M',()(7(." T%&).'%5" *+" I,(%*=,()&%" RMTIX" B" 0-.B+&&).'+," *+" 5%" Y+&-+(%-=%" *+" [5%')1)&%&)2'" B" [-./-%3%&)2'" *+" 5%" [-+,)*+'&)%" *+" ]7%(+3%5%RYI]I[$JTX?"t75)."QCCQ?

: f7+'(+P"Y+&-+(%-)%"*+"[5%')1)&%&)2'"B"[-./-%3%&)2'"*+"5%"[-+,)*+'&)%"*+"]7%(+3%5%;"G75)."QCCQ?

Page 24: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"Q#"!

I5"N+0%-(%3+'(."*+"MH%8%5"&7+'(%"&.'"7'%"+K(+',)2'"(+--)(.-)%5"*+"9;Cbd"s3?Q"B"+,"+5"^')&."*+0%-(%3+'(."*+"]7%(+3%5%"<7+5)3)(%"%5"6%-)8+?""I,(A"&.307+,(."0.-"&)'&."37')&)0).,;"<7+",.'P""[7+-(."V%--).,;"$)>)'/,(.';"I5"I,(.-;"@.-%5+,"B"$.,"J3%(+,?

N+"&.'1.-3)*%*"&.'"0-.B+&&).'+,"-+%5)H%*%,"0.-"+5"M',()(7(."T%&).'%5"*+"I,(%*=,()&%,"RMTIX;"0%-%"+5"%L."QCCC"5%"0.85%&)2'"(.(%5*+"+,+"*+0%-(%3+'(."+-%"*+"bbb;9OO"4%8)(%'(+,;"*+"5.,"&7%5+,"7'"QQ?d"D"&.--+,0.'*+"%")'*=/+'%,;"7'"eO?#D"%"'.")'*=/+'%,B"7'"Q?#D"'.")*+'()1)&%*.,?""Y+"+,0+-%"<7+"0%-%"+5"%L."QCCQ"5%"0.85%&)2'"+,(E"&+-&%'%"%"5.,"bcQ"3)5"4%8)(%'(+,?

L"$%/.M%-.9/')/'*%'?)+3.9/'()*'8.)+$#

]7%(+3%5%"+,"7'."*+"5.,"0-)3+-.,"0%=,+,"*+"5%"-+/)2'"<7+"%*.0(2"7'%"'7+>%"5+B"*+"-+*7&&)2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,;"0-.3.>)*%"0.-"5%*+&5%-%&)2'"*+5"N+&+')."M'(+-'%&).'%5"0%-%"5%"\+*7&&)2'"*+"5.,"N+,%,(-+,"T%(7-%5+,"RNM\NTX?""I'"#99:",+"&-+2"5%"D##"(./%(#"%,%-.#/%*'1%"%'*%'8)(5--.9/'()':)+%+3")+'()'L".$)/',%35"%*'#'!"#U#-%(#+"R6pT\INX?""I,(%"0.,++"7'"2-/%'."*+'.3)'%*.6.',+G."Y70+-).-"T%&).'%5"0%-%"5%"\+*7&&)2'"*+"N+,%,(-+,"B"7'%"N)-+&&)2'"IG+&7()>%"&7B."N)-+&(.-"."N)-+&(.-%"+,"'.38-%*%0.-"+5"[-+,)*+'(+"*+"5%"\+0^85)&%?

$%"6pT\IN"+,(A".-/%')H%*%"(+--)(.-)%53+'(+"0.-"6..-*)'%*.-%,"\+/).'%5+,;"N+0%-(%3+'(%5+,;"@7')&)0%5+,"B"$.&%5+,?""$%,\+/).'%5+,"17'&).'%'"&.'"&)+-(."/-%*."*+")'*+0+'*+'&)%"*+"5%")',(%'&)%"'%&).'%5?""$%,"6..-*)'%*.-%,",.'"0-+,)*)*%,"0.-"+517'&).'%-)."0^85)&."*+"3A,"%5(."-%'/."+'"5%,"G7-),*)&&).'+,?""$%"6..-*)'%*.-%"@7')&)0%5"+,"0-+,)*)*%"0.-"+5"%5&%5*+?

$%" 6pT\IN" 17'&).'%" &.'" 1.'*.," %,)/'%*.," *+5" [-+,707+,(." T%&).'%5;" <7+" ,+" 7()5)H%" 0-)'&)0%53+'(+" 0%-%" ,.5>+'(%-" 5%,-+,0.',%8)5)*%*+,"%*3)'),(-%()>%,"*+" 5%" )',()(7&)2'?" "W%38)E'",+"4%"+,(%85+&)*."+5"]#/(#',%-.#/%*'!%"%'*%'8)(5--.9/'():)+%+3")+;"<7+"-+&./+"%0.-(+,"*+5"I,(%*.;"5%"&..0+-%&)2'")'(+-'%&).'%5;"*.'%&).'+,;"+(&?""I5"f.'*.",+"7()5)H%"&.'"8%,+"+'"5%0-.07+,(%"+3%'%*%"*+"5%"Y+&-+(%-=%"IG+&7()>%?""$.,"0-)'&)0%5+,"0-.B+&(.,"B"0-./-%3%,",.'"1)'%'&)%*.,"0.-" 5%"&..0+-%&)2')'(+-'%&).'%5?

QAeAb 86!0BI7D2':6'4L,:082W

?)/)"%*.(%()+

F.'*7-%,"()+'+"7'%",70+-1)&)+e"*+"##Q;c9Q"s3Q;"&.'"7'%"0.85%&)2'"%0-.K)3%*%"*+":?d"3)55.'+,"*+"4%8)(%'(+,;"*+"5.,"&7%5+,"+5cd?Q"Dd">)>+'"+'"H.'%,"7-8%'%,?""Y+"+'&7+'(-%"&5%,)1)&%*."+'"5%"0.,)&)2'"T.?"##:"+'"+5"M'1.-3+",.8-+"N+,%--.55."F73%'.;QCCQ?

I5"0%=,",+"*)>)*+"%*3)'),(-%()>%3+'(+"+'"#d"*+0%-(%3+'(.,"B"Q9d"37')&)0).,?""W+/7&)/%50%"+,"5%"&%0)(%5"*+5"N),(-)(."6+'(-%5;,)+'*."5%,"0-)'&)0%5+,"&)7*%*+,P""6.3%B%/7%;"64.57(+&%;"N%'5=;"N),(-)(."6+'(-%5;"$%"6+)8%;"[7+-(."6.-(E,;"Y%'"[+*-."Y75%"BW+5%?

I'"#99C",+"%0-.82"5%"'7+>%"$+B"*+"@7')&)0%5)*%*+,"<7+")'(-.*7G."7'%"/%3%"*+"-+1.-3%,"1),&%5+,"B"%73+'(2"5%"&%0%&)*%*"*+5.," 37')&)0).," 0%-%" -+&%7*%-" B" %*3)'),(-%-" -+&7-,.,?" " W%38)E'" ,+" +,(%85+&)2" +'" +,%" 5+B" 7'%" (-%',1+-+'&)%" *+5" OD" %" 5%,37')&)0%5)*%*+,"*+"5.,")'/-+,.,"(-)87(%-).,"'%&).'%5+,;"%7'<7+",.5."4%",)*."&7305)*%"0%-&)%53+'(+?

e T7+>%"+K(+',)2'"(+--)(.-)%5"*+"F.'*7-%,;",+/^'"1%55."*+"5%"6.-(+"M'(+-'%&).'%5"*+"t7,()&)%"*+"$%"F%B%;"F.5%'*%"*+5"##"*+",+0()+38-+"*+"#99Q?""J'(+-).-3+'(++-%"*+"##Q;Cdd"m3?Q

d f7+'(+P"6I[J$;"J'7%-)."I,(%*=,()&.;""M'*)&%*.-+,"*+"N+,%--.55."I&.'23)&."+'"J3E-)&%"$%()'%"B"+5"6%-)8+;"QCC#

Page 25: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"QQ"!

$%"2+#-.%-.9/'()'V5/.-.1.#+'()'4#/(5"%+"RJ@FpTX"17+"17'*%*%"+'"#9:Q?"Y)'"+38%-/.;"17+"-+'.>%*%"+'"3%-H."*+"#99QB"*),0.'+"*+"0+-,.'+-=%" G7-=*)&%"B"+,(%(7(.," -+&.'.&)*.,?" "J5" )/7%5"<7+" 5%,"*+3A,"%,.&)%&).'+,"*+" 5%"\+/)2';" 5%"J@FpT&.3+'H2"%"(+'+-"3%B.-"-+5+>%'&)%"+'"5.,"%L.,"9C;"*+8)*."%",7"%0.B."+'"5%"0-.375/%&)2'"*+"5%"'7+>%"5+B"37')&)0%5"B"0%-%"+5+,(%85+&)3)+'(."*+"7'"&.3)(E"5+/),5%()>."0%-%"(-%(%-"%,7'(.,"*+"5.,"/.8)+-'.,"5.&%5+,?""$%"J@FpT"+,(A"&.',()(7)*%"0.-"5.,"Q9d37')&)0).,"*+5"0%=,"B"#d"%,.&)%&).'+,"*+0%-(%3+'(%5+,;"3%'&.37')*%*+,;"7')*%*+,"(E&')&%,"-+/).'%5+,"+")'(+-37')&)0%5+,"B5%"J5)%'H%"*+"@7G+-+,"J5&%5*+,%,?

I5"V%'&."T%&).'%5"J7(2'.3."+,"5%"0-)'&)0%5"M',()(7&)2'"*+5"I,(%*."<7+"0-.>++"&-E*)(.,"B"%,),(+'&)%"(E&')&%"%"5%,"@7')&)0%5)*%*+,?

W.*%"5%"u.'%"T.-(+"*+5"0%=,"5)3)(%"&.'"+5"6%-)8+"B"+,(A"&.',()(7)*%"0.-"5.,"*+0%-(%3+'(.,"*+"M,5%,"*+"5%"V%4=%;"J(5A'()*%;"6.52'B"]-%&)%,"%"N).,;"<7+"%/57()'%'"%"7'%"0.85%&)2'"&+-&%'%"%"5.,"9b9;Obc"4%8)(%'(+,9?

L"$%/.M%-.9/'1%"%'*%'?)+3.9/'()':)+%+3")+

I5"D#&.3Y'!)"&%/)/3)'()'D#/3./$)/-.%+'()'4#/(5"%+"R6p[I6pX"+,"5%")',(%'&)%"*+5+/%*%"0.-"+5"I,(%*."4.'*7-+L."0%-%-+*7&)-"+5")30%&(."*+"5.,"*+,%,(-+,?""I,(%".-/%')H%&)2'",+"-++,(-7&(7-%"+'"#99C"&.3."0%-(+"*+5"NM\NT?""I'"5%"%&(7%5)*%*",++'&7+'(-%"+'"/+,()2'"+5"+,(%85+&)3)+'(."*+"7'%"'7+>%"5+B"<7+"0+-3)(%"+'1-+'(%-"3+G.-"+5"-)+,/."B"%&(7%5)H%-"%5"0%=,"&.'"7',),(+3%"3.*+-'."*+"/+,()2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,?

$%".-/%')H%&)2'"0%-%"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,"*+'(-."*+5"0%=,"4%",)*."*)>)*)*%"+'",)+(+"-+/).'%5+,?""$%"\+/).'%5"#"+,"5%"<7+%()+'*+"5%",)(7%&)2'"*+5"6%-)8+"4.'*7-+L.?""6p[I6p"+,(A"&.',()(7)*."0.-"7'"6.',+G."N)-+&()>."&..-*)'%*."0.-"+5"[-+,)*+'(+*+" 5%"\+0^85)&%;" 7'%"6.3),)2'"T%&).'%5;" *)-)/)*%"0.-"+5"6.3),).'%*."T%&).'%5;" <7+"+,"'.38-%*."0.-"+5"[-+,)*+'(+"*+" 5%\+0^85)&%?""67+'(%"&.'"&.3),).'+,"*+"+3+-/+'&)%"-+/).'%5+,"%"&%-/."*+5"2-/%'."3)5)(%-"0-+,+'(+"+'"5%"-+/)2';"&.3),).'+,*+0%-(%3+'(%5+,;"37')&)0%5+,"B"5.&%5+,?""$%"6.3),)2'"@7')&)0%5"+,(A"0-+,)*)*%"0.-"+5"%5&%5*+?

$%"%&(7%5"+,(-7&(7-%".-/%')H%()>%"B"5%"$+B"<7+"%30%-%"5%"/+,()2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,;"'."*+1)'+"&5%-%3+'(+"+5"0%0+5"*+"5.,"/.8)+-'.,5.&%5+,"+'"+5"(+--)(.-)."')",7"-+5%&)2'"&.'"5%,")',(%'&)%,"&+'(-%5+,

I5"I,(%*."%,)/'%"0-+,707+,(."0%-%"+5"17'&).'%3)+'(."%*3)'),(-%()>."*+"6p[I6p?""$.,"0-.B+&(.,"B"0-./-%3%,",.'"1)'%'&)%*.,0.-"5%"&..0+-%&)2'")'(+-'%&).'%5?

QAeAe 86!0BI7D2':6',7D282?02

?)/)"%*.(%()+

T)&%-%/7%"+,"+5"0%=,"*+"3%B.-"+K(+',)2'" (+--)(.-)%5"*+" 5%" -+/)2';"&.'"7'%",70+-1)&)+" (.(%5"*+"#bC;beb?ce"m3?Q"B"0.,++"7'%0.85%&)2'"&+-&%'%"%"O?b"3)55.'+,"*+"4%8)(%'(+,;"*+"5.,"&7%5+,"+5"OO?bD">)>+"+'"H.'%,"7-8%'%,?""$%"0.85%&)2';"+'",7"3%B.-=%;,+"&.'&+'(-%"+'"5%"-+/)2'"*+5"[%&=1)&.;",)+'*."@%'%/7%"5%"<7+"%58+-/%"%"7'"&7%-(."*+5"(.(%5"*+"5%"0.85%&)2'?""p&70%"+5"57/%-"T.?##d"+'"+5"M'1.-3+",.8-+"N+,%--.55."F73%'."QCCQ?

9 f7+'(+P" M',()(7(."T%&).'%5"*+"I,(%*=,()&%"*+"F.'*7-%,;"QCC#?" "I5"*%(." )'&57B+" )'1.-3%&)2'"0.85%&).'%5"*+" 5.,"37')&)0).,"*+P"$%"6+)8%"R#Qe;ce:X;"W+5%Red;ObeX;"$%"@%,)&%"RQQ;:bCX;"W-7G)55."Rcb;c9dX;"$)32'"Rd;:QeX;"Y%'"[+*-.",75%"RO#b;eObX;"[7+-(."6.-(E,"R9C;##OX;"[7+-(."$+30)-%"RQb;bbbX"+"M,5%,"*+"5%V%4=%"Rb#;O:QX?

Page 26: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"Qb"!

I5"0%=,",+"*)>)*+"%*3)'),(-%()>%3+'(+"+'"#O"*+0%-(%3+'(.,"B"*.,"-+/).'+,"%7(2'.3%,"78)&%*%,"+'"5%">+-()+'(+"&%-)8+L%;"5.,<7+"%",7">+H",+",78*)>)*+'"+'"#OQ"37')&)0).,?""@%'%/7%;"5%"&%0)(%5;"+,(A"&.307+,(%"0.-"'7+>+"37')&)0).,"+'"5.,"&7%5+,">)>+'%0-.K)3%*%3+'(+"7'"3)552'"B"3+*)."*+"4%8)(%'(+,?

$%'8)$.9/'2539/#&%'()*'23*S/3.-#',#"3)'R\JJTX"+,(A"&.'1.-3%*%"0.-",)+(+"37')&)0).,;",)+'*."5%"&%8+&+-%"+5"37')&)0)."*+[7+-(."6%8+H%,?""$%"8)$.9/'2539/#&%'()*'23*S/3.-#'W5"'R\JJYX"()+'+"#Q"37')&)0).,;"&.'"V57+1)+5*,"&.3."&%8+&+-%"-+/).'%5;,+/^'"5%"$+B"*+"N)>),)2'"[.5=()&."J*3)'),(-%()>%?""Y)'"+38%-/.;"4%B"&7%(-."37')&)0).,"<7+"'.".8,(%'(+"0+-(+'+&+-"%"5%"\JJY'.",+" -+&.'.&+'"&.3." (%5?" "J38%," -+/).'+," ()+'+'"7'%"0.85%&)2'"&+-&%'%"%" 5.,"ceC"3)5"4%8)(%'(+,?" "[.,++'"7'"/.8)+-'.-+/).'%5"%7(2'.3.;"<7+"+,"+5+/)*."0.-">.(%&)2'"*)-+&(%"&%*%"&7%(-."%L.,;"B"/.8)+-'.,"37')&)0%5+,"&.'"5%"3),3%"1-+&7+'&)%"*++5+&&)2'?

I'"#99d"5%"$+B"*+"@7')&)0).,"&.',.5)*2"+5"0-)'&)0)."*+"5%"%7(.'.3=%"37')&)0%5"B"+5",),(+3%"*+3.&-A()&."*+"+5+&&)2'"*)-+&(%"*+5%,"%7(.-)*%*+,"5.&%5+,l",)'"+38%-/.;"%7'<7+"+,(A"8)+'"*+1)')*."+5"0%0+5"<7+"*+8+-=%'"G7/%-"5%,"%7(.-)*%*+,"+'"+5"&.'(+K(.'%&).'%5;"5%"0-A&()&%"'.",+"&.--+,0.'*+"&.'"5%"&5%-)*%*"(+2-)&%"*+"5%"*+,&+'(-%5)H%&)2'?

J"')>+5"*+5"I,(%*.",+"&7+'(%"&.'"+5"7/+3.353#',.-%"%$h)/+)'()']#&)/3#'V5/.-.1%*"RMTMfp@X"<7+"+,"5%")',(%'&)%"-+,0.',%85+*+"%0.B%-"+5"*+,%--.55."37')&)0%5"B"&.'"5%"6.3),)2'"Y+&(.-)%5"*+"N+,&+'(-%5)H%&)2'"B"N+,%--.55."$.&%5;"<7+"+,"5%"-+&(.-%"*+50-.&+,."*+"*+,&+'(-%5)H%&)2'?""I5"].8)+-'."6+'(-%5"'."&.'(+305%"7'%"&7.(%"1)G%"*+5"0-+,707+,(."'%&).'%5"&.3."(-%',1+-+'&)%%"5%,"37')&)0%5)*%*+,?

I'"#99Q",+"&.',()(7B2"5%"2+#-.%-.9/'()'V5/.-.1.#+'()',.-%"%$5%"RJ@STM6X"&7B.,"+,(%(7(.,"17+-.'"-+&.'.&)*.,"+'"#99O?I,(%"J,.&)%&)2'"%/-+3)%"%"5.,"#OQ"37')&)0).,"*+"(.*."+5"0%=,?""IK),(+'"(%38)E'"%5-+*+*.-"*+"#C"%,.&)%&).'+,"*+0%-(%3+'(%5+,;+'(-+" 5%," &7%5+," ,+" +'&7+'(-%" 5%" 2+#-.%-.9/' ()' V5/.-.1.#+' ()' *%+' 8)$.#/)+' 2539/#&%+' ()*' D%".>)' ,.-%"%$h)/+)RJ@S\J6JTX;"<7+"%/-+3)%"%"(.*.,"5.,"37')&)0).,"*+"+,%"-+/)2'?""J@S\J6JT"h"J@STM6"()+'+'"7'%"+,(-+&4%"-+5%&)2'"*+(-%8%G."B"&.5%8.-%&)2'?

L"$%/.M%-.9/'1%"%'*%'?)+3.9/'()':)+%+3")+

6.'"+5"%0.B."*+5"[TSN;"+'"+5"%L."QCC#",+"&.'1.-32"3+*)%'(+"5%"$+B"v"bbe"+5"Y),(+3%"T%&).'%5"*+"[-+>+'&)2';"@)()/%&)2'"BJ(+'&)2'"%"N+,%,(-+,"RYT[@JNX;"%*,&-)(."%" 5%"a)&+0-+,)*+'&)%"*+" 5%"\+0^85)&%;"78)&%'*."%"T)&%-%/7%"&.3."+5"0%=,"*+" 5%-+/)2'"<7+"&7+'(%"&.'"7'%"*+"5%,"3A,"3.*+-'%,"5+B+,"+'"+5"(+3%?

I5"YT[@JN"+,(A"&.',()(7)*."0.-"7'"6.3)(E"T%&).'%5"R"+5"Y+&-+(%-)."."Y+&-+(%-)%"IG+&7()>%"+,"'.38-%*%"0.-"+5"[-+,)*+'(+"*+5%"\+0^85)&%X;"6.3)(E,"\+/).'%5+,;"N+0%-(%3+'(%5+,;"*+" 5%,"\+/).'+,"J7(2'.3%,"B"@7')&)0%5+,?" "I5"6.3)(E"@7')&)0%5"+,&..-*)'%*."0.-"+5"%5&%5*+?

$%" '7+>%" $+B" *+" /+,()2'" *+" *+,%,(-+," .(.-/%" 7'" 0%0+5" 37&4." 3A," " %&()>." B" *+1)'+" 5%" /+,()2'" *+" 5.," /.8)+-'.," 5.&%5+,?W%38)E'",+"&.'&+*+"7'%")30.-(%'&)%">)(%5"%"5%"0%-()&)0%&)2'"&)7*%*%'%"+'"+5"0-.&+,."*+"-+*7&&)2'"*+5"-)+,/.?

I5"I,(%*."%,)/'%"+5"0-+,707+,(."0%-%"+5"17'&).'%3)+'(."*+5",),(+3%"B"4%"&-+%*."%*+3A,;"+5"]#/(#',%-.#/%*'1%"%':)+%+3")+;%5"&7%5",+"%0.-(%"0.-"0%-(+"*+")',()(7&).'+,"0^85)&%,;"0-)>%*%,"+")'(+-'%&).'%5+,?""W%'(."+5"0-+,707+,(."&.3."+5"f.'*."+,(A'"%*),0.,)&)2'"*+5",),(+3%;"<7+"+,"0-+,)*)*."0.-"+5"a)&+0-+,)*+'(+"*+"5%"\+0^85)&%?

Page 27: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"Qc"!

QAeAi'86!0BI7D2':6'!2,2Vj

?)/)"%*.(%()+

$%"\+0^85)&%"*+"[%'%3A"0.,++"7'%"+K(+',)2'"(+--)(.-)%5#C"*+"eO;O#e"m3?Q;"&.'"7'%"0.85%&)2'"&+-&%'%"%"5.,"Q?9"3)55.'+,"*+4%8)(%'(+,;"*+"5.,"&7%5+,"+5"Oe?:D">)>+'"+'"H.'%,"7-8%'%,?""I,"+5"0%=,"3A,"7-8%')H%*."*+"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"B"7'."*+"5.,"*+3%B.-"*+,%--.55."473%'.;".&70%'*."+5"57/%-"T.?"Oe"+'"+5"37'*.;",70+-%*."0.-"6.,(%"\)&%"RcbX"B"678%"ROOX?

I5" 0%=," ,+" *)>)*+" +'" #C" 0-.>)'&)%," B" *.," &.3%-&%," )'*=/+'%,;" <7+" ()+'+'" %305).," ')>+5+," *+" %7(.'.3=%" &.'" -+,0+&(." %5].8)+-'."6+'(-%5?""67+'(%"&.'"7'"(.(%5"*+"ec"37')&)0).,"%"5."5%-/."*+5"(+--)(.-)."'%&).'%5?""6)'&."0-.>)'&)%,"0%-%"7'"(.(%5"*+"cQ37')&)0%5)*%*+,"5)3)(%'"*)-+&(%3+'(+"%5"3%-"6%-)8+?

I5"I,(%*."%,)/'%"+5"b;:D"*+5"[-+,707+,(."T%&).'%5?""$.,"%5&%5*+,",.'"+5+/)*.,"0.-">.(%&)2'"*)-+&(%"0.-"7'"0+-=.*."*+"O"%L.,?

I%'2+#-.%-.9/'()'V5/.-.1.#+'()'!%/%&S"RJ@S[JX"17+"&.',()(7)*%"+'"+5"%L."#99O;"/-%&)%,"%5")3075,."-+/).'%5"0-.3.>)*.0.-"5%"])()"%-.9/'()'V5/.-.1.#+'()*'7+3&#'D)/3"#%&)".-%/#"RfI@M6JX;"%,="&.3."+5"+,17+-H."B"/+,()2'"*+"5.,"/.8)+-'.,5.&%5+,"0%'%3+L.,?""[%'%3A"&7+'(%"(%38)E'"&.'">%-)%,".-/%')H%&).'+,"0-.>)'&)%5+,"&.3."5%"J,.&)%&)2'"*+"@7')&)0).,"*+6.&5E"B"5%,"3%'&.37')*%*+,"*+"37')&)0).,"*+"5%"-+/)2'"*+"$.,"Y%'(.,?

I'"5%"%&(7%5)*%*"+5"0%=,"&%-+&+"*+"7'%")',(%'&)%"/78+-'%3+'(%5"0%-%"+5"1.3+'(."B"%,+,.-=%"37')&)0%5?""I'"#99Q",+"&-+2"+5M',()(7(."*+"N+,%--.55."@7')&)0%5;"M[JNI@;".-/%')H%&)2'",)'"1)'+,"*+"57&-.;"%0.B%*%"0.-"5%"f7'*%&)2'"m.'-%*"J*+'%7+-?

L"$%/.M%-.9/')/'*%'?)+3.9/'()':)+%+3")+

I'"#99C",+"&.',()(7B+"+5"W.+3)&%',%-.#/%*'()'!"#3)--.9/'D.U.*'RYMTJ[\p6X;"%*,&-)(."%5"@)'),(+-)."*+"].8)+-'."B"t7,()&)%?I,"&..-*)'%*."0.-"5%"N)-+&&)2'"]+'+-%5;"&7B."N)-+&(.-"IG+&7()>."+,"'.38-%*."0.-"+5"[-+,)*+'(+"*+"5%"\+0^85)&%?""p-/A')&%3+'(++,(A" 1.-3%*."0.-"'7+>+"*)-+&&).'+,"0-.>)'&)%5+,"B"*.,"&.3%-&%5+,?" "$%,"1%&75(%*+,"B"+5"0%0+5"*+" 5.,"/.8)+-'.," 5.&%5+,"'.+,(A'"+,()075%*%,"+'"5%"$+B"T%&).'%5"*+"N+,%,(-+,"B",+"&%-+&+"*+"5%"%,)/'%&)2'"*+"-+&7-,.,"%"5.,"*)1+-+'(+,"A38)(.,"(+--)(.-)%5+,?

I5"].8)+-'."6+'(-%5"%,)/'%"-+&7-,.,"*+5"[-+,707+,(."T%&).'%5"0%-%"+5"17'&).'%3)+'(."%*3)'),(-%()>."B".0+-%()>."*+5"YMTJ[\p6?6%-+&+"*+"-+&7-,.,"0-.0).,"0%-%"%(+'*+-"+3+-/+'&)%,"B"0%-%"0-.3.>+-"%&&).'+,"*+"0-+>+'&)2'?""Y+"4%"&.'1.-3%*."+5"]#/(#()'6&)"$)/-.%"0%-%"%(+'*+-",)(7%&).'+,"*+"*+,%,(-+,;"+5"&7%5"+,"3%'+G%*."0.-"+5"[-+,)*+'(+"*+"5%"\+0^85)&%?

QAeAk'86!0BI7D2':LV7,7D2,2

?)/)"%*.(%()+

\+0^85)&%"N.3)')&%'%"&.30%-(+"&.'"F%)(="+5"(+--)(.-)."*+"5%",+/7'*%"),5%"*+"3%B.-"(%3%L."*+5"6%-)8+;"$%"I,0%L.5%?""[.,++7'%"+K(+',)2'"(+--)(.-)%5"*+"cd;ebC"m3?Q"RecD"*+5"A-+%"(.(%5X;"&.'"7'%"0.85%&)2'"&+-&%'%"%"5.,"d?O"3)55.'+,"*+"4%8)(%'(+,;"*+"5.,&7%5+,"+5"eC?cD">)>+"+'"H.'%,"7-8%'%,?

#""I,(%"&)1-%".1)&)%5"17+"%*.0(%*%"+'"#9dd;"&.--)/+"5%"*+"ee;CdQ"m3?Q"7()5)H%*%"+'(-+"#9:Q"B"#9dd?

Page 28: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"QO"!

I5"0%=,"+,(A"*)>)*)*."+'"7'"N),(-)(."T%&).'%5;"bQ"0-.>)'&)%,"B"#QO"37')&)0).,?""Y+"&%-%&(+-)H%"0.-"(+'+-"*.,"&)7*%*+,"/-%'*+,&.3."0.5.,"*+"%(-%&&)2'"*+"0.85%&)2';"<7+",73%'"7'%"0.85%&)2'",70+-).-"%"O"3)55.'+,"*+"4%8)(%'(+,P""Y%'(."N.3)'/."&.'"b?:B"Y%'()%/."*+"5.,"6%8%55+-.,;"&.'"#?:"3)55.'+,?

$%"+,(-7&(7-%"*+"].8)+-'."4%",)*." (-%*)&).'%53+'(+"&+'(-%5)H%*%?" "I'"#9:#;" 5%" 5+B"O:QQ".(.-/2"%7(.'.3=%"37')&)0%5"%" 5.,%B7'(%3)+'(.,"0%-%"+,(%85+&+-"%-8)(-).,;"(%,%,"+")307+,(.,;",)'"+38%-/.;"+'"#9::;"5%"5+B"#dC"3.*)1)&%",7",+/7'*."%-(=&75.;*.'*+"5)3)(%"5%")30.,)&)2'"*+"5.,"%-8)(-).,"B"-+&.3)+'*%",.3+(+-5.,"0-+>)%3+'(+"%5"6.',+G."T%&).'%5"*+"N+,%--.55.?"T.".8,(%'(+;3%'()+'+;"5%"0.(+,(%*"*+"1)G%-")307+,(.,"B"(%,%,"&.'"&)+-(%,"5)3)(%&).'+,"g<7+"'."&.5)'*+'"&.'")307+,(.,"'%&).'%5+,;"&.3+-&).)'(+-37')&)0%5"."*+"+K0.-(%&)2';"')"&.'"5%"&.',()(7&)2'"."5%,"5+B+,">)/+'(+,!?""I'"#99c",+"-+%5)H2"7'%"-+1.-3%"&.'"+5".8G+()>."*+1.3+'(%-"5%"*+,&+'(-%5)H%&)2'"B"%73+'(%-"5.,"-+&7-,.,"4%&)%"5.,"/.8)+-'.,"37')&)0%5+,6'[-.*7&(."*+"5)3)(%&).'+,"&.',()(7&).'%5+,;5+/),5%()>%,"B"*+".(-%"='*.5+""&+-&%"*+5"dCD"*+"5.,")'/-+,.,"0-.>)+'+'"%^'"*+5"/.8)+-'."&+'(-%5?""I5"cD"*+"5.,")'/-+,.,")'(+-'.,*+5"].8)+-'."T%&).'%5",.'"%,)/'%*.,"%"5%,"37')&)0%5)*%*+,?

I'"#9b9"17+"&-+%*%"5%"$)/%"@7')&)0%5"N.3)')&%'%;"2-/%'."%*,&-)(."%5"].8)+-'."6+'(-%5;"<7+",+"-+,0.',%8)5)H%"*+"5%"*),(-)87&)2'*+"5.,"-+&7-,.,"*+5"I,(%*."B"0-.>++"%,),(+'&)%"(E&')&%"%"5%,"37')&)0%5)*%*+,?"I'"%8-)5"*+5"%L."QCCC;",+"&.',()(7B2"5%"])()"%-.9/:#&./.-%/%'()'V5/.-.1.#+"RfINp@SX;"5%"&7%5".8(7>."0+-,.'+-=%"G7-=*)&%"3+*)%'(+"N+&-+(."*+5"[.*+-"IG+&7()>."+'"3%-H.*+5"QCC#?""I,(%"f+*+-%&)2'"+,"5%"3A,"G.>+'"*+"5%"-+/)2'"B"+,(A"G7/%'*."7'"0%0+5"+,(-%(E/)&."+'"+5"0-.&+,."*+"*+,&+'(-%5)H%&)2'B" 1.-(%5+&)3)+'(."37')&)0%5?" "fINp@S"7'%".-/%')H%&)2'"/-+3)%5"B" -+0-+,+'(%()>%"&.'"&%-A&(+-"37')&)0%5),(%;"*+"B"0%-%" 5.,%B7'(%3)+'(.,;"5%"&7%5"+,"*)-)/)*%"0.-",7,"3)+38-.,""B"%/-70%"%"(.*.,"5.,"37')&)0).,"*+5"0%=,?

L"$%/.M%-.9/')/'*%'?)+3.9/'()':)+%+3")+

?%'$*12./0'+*)'".*1$#'1*'*0-,*02"%'5%S#')%1'-#&(*2*0-.%1')*$%)*1'+*)'N*-"*2%".%+#'TB-0.-#'+*')%'!"*1.+*0-.%'+*')%'P*(U5).-%6N.0'*&5%"$#9'*)'*0;#:,*':,*'3%'("*+#&.0%+#'*0'*)'(%L1'3%'1.+#'(".0-.(%)&*02*'+%"'"*1(,*12%'%')%1'*&*"$*0-.%19'+*)*$%0+#)%'&%=#"'(%"2*'+*')%'"*1(#01%5.).+%+'%')%'@*;*01%'4.>.)'@#&.0.-%0%9'.012%0-.%'%+1-".2%'%)'7S*"-.2#'H%-.#0%)6'N,';,0-.#0%&.*02#*1';.0%0-.%+#'(#"'*)''!"*1,(,*12#'H%-.#0%)6

I5"%&(7%5",),(+3%"*+"-+*7&&)2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,"+,"&.305+(%3+'(+"&+'(-%5)H%*.;""%"0+,%-"*+"<7+"+'"+5"A38)(."5.&%5;"5%"-+,0.',%8)5)*%*4%",)*."*+5+/%*%"%"5.,"JB7'(%3)+'(.,"%"(-%>E,"*+",7"$+B".-/A')&%"bcOO"<7+;"+'",7"%-(?"b#;"5+".(.-/%"5%"&%0%&)*%*"*+".-*+'%-;-+/5%3+'(%-"B"-+,.5>+-"&7%'(."17+-+"&.'>+')+'(+"0%-%"0-.>++-"5."'+&+,%-)."%5"37')&)0)."0%-%",7"3%B.-"8)+'+,(%-?

I'"5.,"^5()3.,"%L.,",+"4%"*+,%--.55%*."7'")30.-(%'(+"0-.&+,.;"<7+"4%"&.'(%*."&.'"%"0.B."*+5"[TSN;"0%-%"&-+%-"7'"_Y),(+3%T%&).'%5"*+"[-+>+'&)2'"B"J(+'&)2'"%"N+,%,(-+,`;"<7+"&.'(+305%"5%"+5%8.-%&)2'""*+"7'%"0-.07+,(%"*+"N+&-+(."[-+,)*+'&)%5;&.'"+5"1)'"*+"&-+%-"7'"+'(+"&..-*)'%*.-"*+5"I,(%*."0%-%"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+5"-)+,/."+'"5.,"*)1+-+'(+,"A38)(.,"/+./-A1)&.,"*+5"0%=,?

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

Page 29: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"Q:"!

QAi'!2,L82V2':6'ILW'?LB768,LW'ILD2I6W'6,'6I'jVB7KL'86?7L,2I

I%'()+-)/3"%*.M%-.9/'N'*%'()&#-"%-.%'*#-%*'+)'")`5)"M%/'")-P1"#-%&)/3)='15)+'&%N#")+'-#&1)3)/-.%+'1%"%')*'$#>.)"/#*#-%*'3#"/%/'&S+'.&1#"3%/3)')*'1#()"'&5/.-.1%*'N'-#/`.)")/'&%N#"'1#()"'()&#-"S3.-#'%'*%+'-#&5/.(%()+"RI,(%*."*+5%"\+/)2';"#999X?

I'"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5;"5%"*+,&+'(-%5)H%&)2'"B"5%"*+3.&-%&)%"5.&%5"'."'+&+,%-)%3+'(+",+"*%'"G7'(%,"')"%>%'H%'"%5"3),3."-)(3.?""J50%-+&+-;"5.,"0%,.,"0%-%"&.',(-7)-"5%"*+3.&-%&)%"5.&%5"4%'"&%3)'%*."3A,"-A0)*."<7+"5.,"*+"5%"*+,&+'(-%5)H%&)2'?

N+"(.*.,"5.,"0%=,+,"<7+"&.'(+305%"+5"0-+,+'(+"+,(7*).",+"4%'"5./-%*.")*+'()1)&%-"7'"(.(%5"*+"#;c9Q"37')&)0).,?""]7%(+3%5%"+,+5"0%=,"&.'"5%"3%B.-"&%'()*%*"*+"37')&)0).,"Rbb#X;"+5"0-)3+-."+'"0.85%&)2'"R##?9"3)55.'+,X"B"+5"3+'.,"7-8%')H%*."Rc#DX?""[.-.(-." 5%*.;" ,+"07+*+".8,+->%-" <7+"678%" &7+'(%" &.'" ,)3)5%-" '^3+-."*+"4%8)(%'(+," R##?#"3)55.'+,X;" ,)'" +38%-/."+,"+5"3A,7-8%')H%*."Re9;9DX;"&.'"&%-%&(+-=,()&%,",)3)5%-+,"%"5.,"0-.3+*).,"*+"5.,"0%=,+,")'*7,(-)%5)H%*.,?""\+0^85)&%"N.3)')&%'%"&.'7'"eC?cD"*+"0.85%&)2'"7-8%'%;"<7+",+"&.'&+'(-%"0-)'&)0%53+'(+"+'"5%,"&)7*%*+,"*+"Y%'(."N.3)'/.;"5%"&%0)(%5"B"Y%'()%/."*+5.,"6%8%55+-.,?""W%38)E'"",+"07+*+"*+,(%&%-"<7+"[%'%3A"+,"+5"0%=,"&.'"3%B.-"7-8%')H%&)2'"*+"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"&+-&%'%"%Oe?:D;",)'"+38%-/.;"+5"<7+"&7+'(%"&.'"5%"3+'.-"&%'()*%*"*+"37')&)0).,"RecX?""Ra+-"67%*-.P""@7')&)0).,"+'"5%"\+/)2'l")'1.-3%&)2'8A,)&%X

$%"3%B.-=%"*+"5.,"37')&)0).,"*+"5%"-+/)2'",.'"*+"&%-A&(+-"-7-%5;"/+'+-%53+'(+"0.8-+,"R%5")/7%5"<7+",7"0.85%&)2'X"B"&.'",+-)%,5)3)(%'(+," +'" %8%,(+&)3)+'(." *+" %/7%;" )'1-%+,(-7&(7-%;" ,+->)&).,;" &%0%&)*%*+," B" -+&7-,.,?" " I,(%" ,)(7%&)2'" ,+" %/-%>%+K0.'+'&)%53+'(+"+'"5.,"37')&)0).,"*+"5%"&.,(%"&%-)8+L%"*+"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5?

D5%("#V5/.-.1.#+')/'*%'")$.9/

7/`#"&%-.9/'>S+.-%='+)13.)&>")'Q\\Q

f7+'(+,P""I,(%*."*+"5%"\+/)2'"R#999X;"fI@M6J"QCCQ;"J@STM6"QCCQ;"\+*"*+"N+,%--.55."@7')&)0%5;"J53%'%<7+"@7'*)%5"QCCQ;fINp@S"QCCQ?Z%"f7+'(+P""6+'(-."$%()'.%3+-)&%'."*+"N+3./-%1=%;"6I$JNI;"V.5+(='"*+3./-A1)&."'^3+-."::;"QCCCZ8"f7+'(+P""J'7%-)."*+"I,(%*=,()&%"*+"5%"6I[J$;"QCC#

Page 30: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"Qe"!

$%"f+*+-%&)2'"*+"@7')&)0).,"*+5"M,(3."6+'(-.%3+-)&%'."RfI@M6JX"<7+"%/57()'%"%"5.,"37')&)0).,"&+'(-.%3+-)&%'.,"*+"6.,(%\)&%;"I5"Y%5>%*.-;"]7%(+3%5%;"F.'*7-%,;"T)&%-%/7%"B"[%'%3A"B"5%"J,.&)%&)2'"6%-)8+L%"*+"J7(.-)*%*+,"*+"].8)+-'.,"$.&%5+,R6J$]J"0.-",7,",)/5%,"+'")'/5E,X"<7+"%/57()'%"%"5.,"37')&)0).,"*+"V+5)&+;"678%"B"\+0^85)&%"N.3)')&%'%;"4%'"G7/%*."7'"0%0+5)30.-(%'(+"+'"+5"*+,%--.55."B"1.-(%5+&)3)+'(."*+"5%"*+3.&-%&)%"5.&%5?""$%"1+*+-%&)2'"&.'"3%B.-"0-+,+'&)%"B"3%B.-"%&()>)*%*"+,,)'"*7*%"fI@M6J;"<7+"*+,%--.55%"7'"(-%8%G."&.'&+'(-%*."4%&)%"5.,"37')&)0).,"*+"5.,"0%=,+,"3+'&).'%*.,?""W.*.,"5.,"0%=,+,*+"5%"-+/)2';"&.'"+K&+0&)2'"*+"678%;"&7+'(%'"&.'"1+*+-%&).'+,"'%&).'%5+,"B"-+/).'%5+,"R5.&%5+,X"*+"37')&)0).,;",)+'*."5%"3A,-+&)+'(+3+'(+"&.',()(7)*%"5%"*+"5%"\+0785)&%"N.3)')&%'%?""W.*.,;"%",7">+H;"&7+'(%'"&.'")',()(7(.,".")',(%'&)%,"+,(%(%5+,"0%-%5%"&%0%&)(%&)2'"B"+5"1.3+'(."37')&)0%5;"+K&+0(7%'*."%"F.'*7-%,"B"[%'%3A?

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fI@M6J;"&.3."5%,"%,.&)%&).'+,"'%&).'%5+,"B" 5.&%5+,"*+"37')&)0%5)*%*+,;"4%'" G7/%*."7'0%0+5")30.-(%'(+"+'"0-.3.>+-"+,(%,"%&&).'+,"B"4%'"%,73)*."+5"*+,%1=."*+"%&(7%5)H%-"B"3.*+-')H%-"5%,"5+B+,"37')&)0%5+,"+'(.*.,"5.,"0%=,+,"B"0-.3.>+-"5%"*+3.&-%&)%"5.&%5?

J"5%"0%-"*+"+,(+")3075,."*+3.&-%()H%*.-",+"4%"*%*."7'"5+'(."%>%'&+"+'"+5"0-.&+,."*+"*+,&+'(-%5)H%&)2'?""J^'",+"07+*+"%1)-3%-<7+"(.*.,"5.,"0%=,+,"*+"6+'(-.%3E-)&%",.'"&+'(-%5),(%,"0.5=()&%"B"%*3)'),(-%()>%3+'(+"Rf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

$%"3%B.-=%"*+"5.,"0%=,+,"*+"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"0-+,+'(%'"7'%"%5(%"&.'&+'(-%&)2'"*+"0.85%&)2'"+'"5.,"37')&)0).,"&%0)(%5)'.,"B>+&)'.,"<7+"&.'1.-3%'"5%,"A-+%,"3+(-.0.5)(%'%,;"+'"5%,"&7%5+,;"%*+3A,;",+"*+,%--.55%'"5%,"0-)'&)0%5+,"%&()>)*%*+,"+&.'23)&%,;0.85%&).'%5+,"B",+->)&).,"0^85)&.,?""I,(%",)(7%&)2'"&.',()(7B+"7'%"%5(%"&.'&+'(-%&)2'"*+"5.,")'/-+,.,"+'"+,(%,"&)7*%*+,?""Y+/^'+5"I,(%*."*+" 5%"\+/)2';"+'"#99Q;"+5" )'/-+,."*+" 5%,"&)7*%*+,"&%0)(%5)'%,"%8,.-8=%"+5"c#?bD"*+" 5.," )'/-+,.,"&.--)+'(+,?" "I5Y%5>%*.-"+-%"+5"3A,"%5(."&.'"7'":QD;"6)7*%*"*+"[%'%3A"ceD;"6)7*%*"*+"]7%(+3%5%"B"@%'%/7%"ccDl"Y%'"t.,E"B"W+/7&)/%50%bC"B"QCD"-+,0+&()>%3+'(+?""$%"+K&+0&)2'"*+"W+/7&)/%50%"&.'"7'%"(%,%"-+5%()>%3+'(+"8%G%;",+"*+8+"%"<7+"()+'+"*.,"0.5.,0.85%&).'%5+,")30.-(%'(+,;"+'"5%"&7%5"5%"6)7*%*"*+"Y%'"[+*-."Y75%"+,"5%"&)7*%*"*+"3%B.-"*+,%--.55.")'*7,(-)%5?

I'" (E-3)'.," /+'+-%5+,;" ,+" 07+*+" &.',(%(%-" <7+" 5%," 37')&)0%5)*%*+," *+" 5%" -+/)2'" &7+'(%'" &.'" 7'%" 3=')3%" " -+&%7*%&)2'(-)87(%-)%"B"*+")'/-+,.,"0-.0).,;")',71)&)+'&)%"*+"-+&7-,.,"0%-%",%(),1%&+-"5%,"'+&+,)*%*+,",.&)%5+,"B"7'%"%5(%"*+0+'*+'&)%"*+5.,"/.8)+-'.,"&+'(-%5+,?""W%38)E'".&7--+"+5"1+'23+'."*+5")'&-+3+'(."'.(%85+"*+"5.,"/%,(.,"37')&)0%5+,?""$%"3%B.-=%"*+"5.,+/-+,.,"37')&)0%5+,",+".-)+'(%'"%"1)'%'&)%-"5.,"/%,(.,"&.--)+'(+,"<7+".,&)5%'"+'(-+"+5":C"B"dCD?

Page 31: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"Qd"!

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

$%"*+3.&-%&)%"5.&%5"4%"*%*."0%,.,")30.-(%'(+,"+'"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5?""Y+"4%"-+1.-H%*."%"5%"%7(.-)*%*"37')&)0%5;",+"4%"*+&5%-%*.&.3."0-)'&)0)."&.',()(7&).'%5"+'"(.*.,"5.,"0%=,+,;",+"4%"-+*7&)*."5%",78.-*)'%&)2'"*+"5%"0.5=()&%"5.&%5"%"5%"'%&).'%5;"5%"0.85%&)2'()+'+"3%B.-+,"0.,)8)5)*%*+,"*+"0%-()&)0%-"+'"%,7'(.,"*+")'(+-E,"5.&%5;"4.B"*=%"(.*.,"5.,"&.'&+G.,"37')&)0%5+,"B"5.,"%5&%5*+,",.'+5+&(.,"*)-+&(%3+'(+;",+"4%"-.(."+5"3.'.0.5)."*+" 5.,"0%-()*.,"'%&).'%5+,;"+(&?l" "0+-."+5" ()0."*+".-/%')H%&)2'"0-+*.3)'%'(+&.'1)+-+"%5"+G+&7()>."7'"0%0+5"&7%,)"0-+,)*+'&)%5;"5%"%,)/'%&)2'"*+"-+&7-,.,"+,")',71)&)+'(+"B",+"0-+,+'(%'"/-%'*+,">%&=.,"+'5%,"*+1)')&).'+,"*+"5%,"&.30+(+'&)%,"*+5"/.8)+-'."5.&%5?

QAk'I2'!68W!6DK7H2'86?7L,2I':6'ILW'?LB768,LW'ILD2I6W'6,'I2'86:0DD7E,':6I'876W?L

I5"0-.&+,."*+"1.-(%5+&)3)+'(."*+"5%"*+3.&-%&)%"5.&%5"+,"7'"+>+'(."-+&)+'(+"+'"5%"-+/)2'?""I'"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5;"+5"37')&)0%5),3.&.3)+'H%" %" (+'+-" -+5+>%'&)%" +'" 5%" %/+'*%" '%&).'%5" B" -+/).'%5" ,25." %" &.3)+'H.," *+" 5%" *E&%*%" 0%,%*%" B" +'" 5%" \+0^85)&%N.3)')&%'%"+,"3A," (%-*=."%^'?" "678%"+,"+5"0%=,"<7+"3A,"4%"%>%'H%*."+'" 5%"*+1)')&)2'"*+5"0%0+5"*+" 5.,"37')&)0).,"+'"+5(+--)(.-)."B%"<7+"4%"0-.3.>)*."+,17+-H.,"*+,*+"#9e:;"&7%'*.",+"-+%5)H2"5%"%&(7%5"*)>),)2'"0.5=()&%"%*3)'),(-%()>%"*+5"0%=,l",)'+38%-/.;"+,"*)1=&)5"-+%5)H%-"7'%"&.30%-%&)2'"."%'A5),),"%*+&7%*.;"07+,(."<7+"+5"*+,%--.55."4),(2-)&."B"0.5=()&."*+"678%"*)1)+-+*+"5%"-+%5)*%*"*+5"-+,(."*+"5.,"0%=,+,?

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l"%"5%"'+&+,)*%*"*+"+'1-+'(%-"+5"0-.85+3%"&.'"0.5=()&%,"B"+,(-%(+/)%,"&+-(+-%,"B*+&)*)*%,;"0%-%" 5%,"&7%5+,",+"*+8+"&.'(%-"&.'"7'"3%-&." G7-=*)&."B"'.-3%()>."%*+&7%*.;"%,="&.3."7'".-*+'" )',()(7&).'%5"B.0+-%()>."<7+"/%-%'()&+",7"%05)&%&)2'?""I,(+"0-.&+,."*+8+-A"*+,%--.55%-"5%,"4+--%3)+'(%,"'+&+,%-)%,"<7+"0+-3)(%'"7'%"%*+&7%*%/+,()2'"5.&%5"+'"(.*.,"5.,"%,0+&(.,"B"+'"+,0+&)%5"+'"5.,"-+5%&).'%*.,"&.'"+5"7,."*+5",7+5.?

Y+/^'"+5"N)%/'2,()&."*+"6%0%&)*%*+,"*+"\+,07+,(%,"\+/).'%5+,"R6I[\INITJ6"B"pf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w+',+",+"*+,(%&%;"%*+3A,;" 5%" )30.-(%'&)%"*+" 5%"0%-()&)0%&)2'"B"+5"0%0+5"*+" 5%,"&.37')*%*+,"+'" 5%/+,()2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,?

Page 32: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"Q9"!

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

Page 33: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"bC"!

TA@'B2I2,D6':6'I2'862I7:2:

Y+/^'"5%"8%,+"*+"*%(.,"*+5"6+'(-+"1.-"\+,+%-&4".'"(4+"I0)*+3)5./B".'"N),%,(+-,"R6\INX;"+'"+5""0+-=.*."#9CC!#99:"".&7--)+-.'3A,"*+"ceO"*+,%,(-+,"*+"5.,"&7%5+,"bC9"(7>)+-.'"57/%-"+'"+5"&%-)8+")',75%-"B"#::"+'"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5?"I,(.,"&%7,%-.'"5%"37+-(+*+"3A,"*+"#OO"3)5"0+-,.'%,"B"%1+&(%-.'"%"3A,"*+"QC"3)55.'+,"*+"4%8)(%'(+,?"I5")30%&(."3A,"1%(%5"17+"+'"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"%"5%<7+"5+"&.--+,0.'*+'"+5"ObD"*+"5%,"37+-(+,?

I5" )30%&(."*+" 5.,"*+,%,(-+," "%73+'(2" "+'" 5%,"^5()3%,"*E&%*%,?"T)&%-%/7%;"F.'*7-%,;"]7%(+3%5%"B"I5"Y%5>%*.-" 17+-.'" 5.,0%=,+,"<7+"3%B.-"'^3+-."*+">=&()3%,"3.-(%5+,"(7>)+-.'?"6.3.",+"3+'&).'2"%'(+-).-3+'(+;"5.,"(+--+3.(.,"*+"T)&%-%/7%"+'#9eQ;"*+"]7%(+3%5%"+'"#9e:"B"+5"47-%&A'"@)(&4"+'"#99d;"&%7,%-.'"&+-&%"*+"OC"3)5"37+-(+,"B"0E-*)*%,")--+&70+-%85+,"+'"5%)'1-%+,(-7&(7-%"B"5%"0-.*7&&)2'?"Y+/^'"+5"6+'(-."*+"6..-*)'%&)2'"0%-%"5%"[-+>+'&)2'"*+"5.,"N+,%,(-+,"T%(7-%5+,"+'"J3E-)&%6+'(-%5"R6I[\INITJ6X;"+'(-+"#9e9"B"#99d;"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"(7>."7'"0-.3+*)."%'7%5"*+"c;9bb"37+-(.,"B"b9d;b9Q"%1+&(%*.,*+8)*."%"*+,%,(-+,"'%(7-%5+,?"678%"B"\+0^85)&%"N.3)')&%'%",71-)+-.'"-+&7--+'(+3+'(+"5.,"+1+&(.,"*+"5%,"(.-3+'(%,"(-.0)&%5+,B"47-%&%'+,"&.'"7'",%5*."*+"3A,"*+"#C;CCC"37+-(.,"B"O"3)55.'+,"*+"*%3')1)&%*.,"+'(-+"#9CC"B"#99:"R6\IN;"#99dX?

D5%("#',_'eJ'2`)-3%-.9/'()'*#+'()+%+3")+='1"#&)(.#'1%"%'(#+'(Y-%(%+A

]5)/3)J'7]8D='l#"(':.+%+3)"+'8)1#"3='Q\\@A

Y+/^'" 5%"\+*"*+"I,(7*).,"Y.&)%5+,"+'"[-+>+'&)2'"*+"N+,%,(-+,"+'"J3E-)&%"$%()'%" R$J"\INX" 5.,"0+<7+L.,"*+,%,(-+,"'.&.'(%8)5)H%*.,"-+0-+,+'(%'"7'%"&%-/%")30.-(%'(+"0%-%"5%"-+/)2'?""Y+"4%"55+/%*."%"+,()3%-"<7+"5.,"0+<7+L.,"*+,%,(-+,"0.*-=%'-+15+G%-"*.,"(+-&+-%,"0%-(+,"*+"5.,"*%L.,"(.(%5+,?"R@%,s-+B;"QCC#X?"6.'1.-3+"%"5%"8%,+"*+"*%(.,"RN+,)'>+'(%-"*+"$J"\INX"0%-%.&4."0%=,+,"*+"J3E-)&%"$%()'%;"3A,"*+"QC"3)5"+>+'(.,"*+,%,(-.,.,"*+"0+<7+L%"B"3+*)%'%"3%/')(7*",+"-+/),(-%-.'"+'(-+#99C!#99d"R$%>+5;"QCCCX?

+++0'"A'+>D13@4'56'A4E'.6E1E@26E'68'A1'!6;9<8

Page 34: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"b#"!

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

TAQ''ILW':6W2WK86WJ']86,L'2I':6W288LIIL

@A,"%55A"*+5"(-A/)&."8%5%'&+"*+">=&()3%,"473%'%,"B"5%,")--+&70+-%85+,"0E-*)*%,"0%-%"5%,"1%3)5)%,"B"5.,"I,(%*.,;""5.,"*+,%,(-+,-+0-+,+'(%'"7'">+-*%*+-."1-+'."%5"*+,%--.55.?"N+,/%,(%'"B"-+(-.&+*+'"5.,"+,17+-H.,"*+"5%,"",.&)+*%*+,"+'"5%"0-.*7&()>)*%*;"5%)'1-%+,(-7&(7-%;"5%"*.(%&)2'"*+",+->)&).,"8A,)&.,;"5%",%57*;"5%">)>)+'*%;"+(&?"$%,")'>+-,).'+,"<7+",+"*+,()'%'"%"5.,"0-.&+,.,"*+

D5%("#',_'iJ'I#+'1"./-.1%*)+'()+%+3")+')/'*%'")$.9/')/'*%+'a*3.&%+'3")+'(Y-%(%+

f7+'(+P"6I[J$;"#999;"Y%'%47G%;"#999"B"[TSN;"QCC#?

Page 35: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"bQ"!

-+4%8)5)(%&)2'" B" -+&.',(-7&&)2'" *+,05%H%'" 0-).-)*%*+,;" ,.&%>%'" 5%," +&.'.3=%," B" &.',73+'" 5.," -+&7-,.," -+,+->%*.," 0%-%)'>+-,).'+,"+'"+5"3+G.-%3)+'(."0-.*7&()>."B",.&)%5?

Y+/^'"5%"6I[J$;"5%"%&7375%&)2'"*+")`)-3#+'(.")-3#+"()+'*+"%"&-+&+-"&.'"+5"0%,."*+5"()+30.;"0+-."+'"5.,"^5()3.,"%L.,",++K0%'*)+-.'"37&4."3A,",)/')1)&%()>%3+'(+"5.,">%5.-+,"*+"5.,")`)-3#+'+)-5/(%".#+?"$%"%&7375%&)2'"*+"5.,"+1+&(.,"'+/%()>.,,+"*+8+"%"<7+"5.,"0%=,+,"'7'&%"07*)+-.'"&.'(%-"&.'"5.,"-+&7-,.,"'+&+,%-).,"0%-%"5./-%-"5%"&.305+(%"-+0.,)&)2'"*+"5.,"8)+'+,0+-*)*.,?

I'" +5" 3+*)%'." B" 5%-/." 05%H.;" 5%," )'+<7)*%*+," ,+" %/-%>%-.'" &.'" 3%-&%*." *+(+-).-." +'" 5%," &.'*)&).'+," *+" 8)+'+,(%-" *+" 5%0.85%&)2'?"N+,07E,"*+" 5.,"/-%'*+,"*+,%,(-+,;"&.3." 5.," (+--+3.(.,"*+"T)&%-%/7%;"+'"#9eQ"B"+'"]7%(+3%5%;"+'"#9e:l" 5.,47-%&%'+,"]+.-/+,"+'"\+0^85)&%"N.3)')&%'%;"+'"#99d"B"@)(&4"+'"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5;"%^'",+"07+*+'"+'&.'(-%-"57/%-+,"<7+"'.4%'",)*."4%8)5)(%*.,"')"-+&.',(-7)*.,"B"+'"5.,"&7%5+,"0+-,),(+"+5"*+(+-).-."*+"5%,"&.'*)&).'+,",.&).+&.'23)&%,?

TAT'ILW'4082D2,6W'6,'ILW'0IK7VLW'2mLWJ'6]6DKLW'DLV!282K7HLW

I'" 5.," ^5()3.," %L.,;" J3E-)&%" 6+'(-%5" B" +5" 6%-)8+" 4%'" ,)*." +,&+'%-)." *+" /-%'*+," *+,%,(-+," .&%,).'%*.," 0.-" 1+'23+'.,4)*-.3+(+-+.52/)&.,?"I'(-+"#99e"B"#99d"5%"0-+,+'&)%"*+"I5"T)L."B"+'"#999"$%"T)L%?"I'"#99d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

TATA@ 6*'n5"%-S/'?)#"$)+

I5"47-%&A'"]+.-/+,"-+&.--)2"5%,"),5%,"*+"J'()/7%;"*+"V%-5.>+'(.;"5%,"M,5%,"a=-/+'+,"0%-%"57+/."%5&%'H%-"[7+-(."\)&.?"J5"+'(-%-%5"3%-"'7+>%3+'(+")'&-+3+'(2",7,"17+-H%,"4%,(%"(.0%-"&.'"\+0^85)&%"N.3)')&%'%"&.'">)+'(.,"*+"#CO"3)55%,"0.-"4.-%?"6.'()'720.-"F%)(="B"678%"&.'"7'%"17+-H%"-+5%()>%3+'(+"3+'.-?"N+G2"7'",%5*."*+"QbO"37+-(.,;"O9"*+,%0%-+&)*.,;"O9O"4+-)*.,"B"%1+&(2%"3A,"*+"c"3)55.'+,"*+"4%8)(%'(+,"RObD"*+"5%"0.85%&)2'X"*+"5.,"&7%5+,"Q9:;:be"+'"1.-3%"*)-+&(%?"$.,"+1+&(.,"*+5"]+.-/+,17+-.'"+K(-+3%*%3+'(+"*+,(-7&()>.,"+'"5%"0.85%&)2'"<7+">)>+"+'"&.'*)&).'+,"*+"0.8-+H%"RO:DX"B",.8-+"(.*."+'"5.,"4./%-+,,73)*.,"%"5%"+K(-+3%"0.8-+H%"R#9DX?"6I[J$;"#99d?

I5"'^3+-."*+"*%3')1)&%*.,"0-)3%-).,"<7+"0+-*)+-.'"0%-&)%5"." (.(%53+'(+" 5%">)>)+'*%"%5&%'H2"&)1-%,"%5%-3%'(+,"+'"%5/7'%,0-.>)'&)%,"&.3."+'"Y%'"@%-&.,"*+"@%&.-="&.'"#bO"3)5"-+17/)%*.,?"I5",+&(.-">)>)+'*%"%--.G%"7'"0.-&+'(%G+"*+"#e:;9#:"R#CD"*+5(.(%5X">)>)+'*%,"%1+&(%*%,"*+"5%,"&7%5+,"c9;QCQ"RbD"*+5"(.(%5"'%&).'%5X"17+-.'"&.305+(%3+'(+"*+,(-7)*%,?"$.,"*%L.,"+'"%,0+&(.,,.&)%5+,;" +&.'23)&.,;" 0-.*7&()>.," B" %38)+'(%5+," ,.'" )''73+-%85+," B" -+<7)+-+'" *+" 7'" +,(7*)." %0%-(+" 0%-%" ,7" &%5)1)&%&)2'?Y+/^'"5%"6I[J$;"+5"3.'(."(.(%5"*+"5.,"*%L.,".&%,).'%*.,"0.-"+5"47-%&A'"]+.-/+,",+"+,()3%"+'"&+-&%"*+"Q;#9b"3)55.'+,"*+*25%-+,;"*+"5.,"&7%5+,"+5":#D",.'"+1+&(.,"*)-+&(.,",.8-+"+5"%&+->."B"5%"0-.*7&&)2'"B"Q9D",.'"&.,(.,")'*)-+&(.,?"I5"*%L."%5,+&(.-">)>)+'*%"%,&)+'*+"%"Qbc"3)55.'+,"*+"*25%-+,;"+,"*+&)-"+5"#CD"*+5"(.(%5"B"E5"3A,"%5(."*+5",+&(.-",.&)%5"&7B."(.(%5"17+"*+"bQQ3)55.'+,"*+"*25%-+,?

I'"(E-3)'.,"/+'+-%5+,"5.,"*%L.,"+<7)>%5)+-.'"%5"#cD"*+5"[-.*7&(."M'(+-'."V-7(."*+"#99e;"&+-&%"*+"5%"3)(%*"*+"5%,"+K0.-(%&).'+,*+5"3),3."%L.;"%5"cbD"*+5"%4.--.")'(+-'."8-7(."B"3A,"*+5":QD"*+"5%"*+7*%"+K(+-'%?

Page 36: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"bb"!

TATAQ''6*'n5"%-S/'V.3-n

I5"47-%&A'"@)(&4"%H.(2"5%"M,(3."6+'(-.%3+-)&%'."&7%'*."(.*.,"%(-)87=%'"5%,"/-%'*+,"(-%/+*)%,"*+"5%"-+/)2'"%"5.,"(+--+3.(.,?Y+"+'&.'(-2"%",7"0%,."&.'"7'%"-+/)2'"">75'+-%85+"B"0.&."0-+0%-%*%"0%-%"4%&+-"1-+'(+"%"7'"1+'23+'."*+"(%5"3%/')(7*?"f7+"+5-+,75(%*."*+"5%"&.'()'7%&)2'"B"&753)'%&)2'"*+"7'%",+-)+"*+"+>+'(.,"4)*-.3+(+.-.52/)&.,"*+"5.,"&7%(-."%L.,"0-+>).,?"I'"+,+0+-=.*.;"+5"'^3+-."*+"(.-3+'(%,"(-.0)&%5+,"(+'*=%"%"%73+'(%-"+'"1-+&7+'&)%"B"7'"(.(%5"*+"bb""17+-.'"-+/),(-%*%"+'"+5"p&E%'.J(5A'()&."B"+5"3%-"6%-)8+?"RI,(%*."*+"5%"\+/)2';"#999X

I5"@)(&4"17+"+5"47-%&A'"3A,")'(+',."+'"+5"J(5A'()&."B"6%-)8+"*+,*+"<7+",+"55+>%'"-+/),(-.,?"J1+&(2"+'"*)1+-+'(+"3+*)*%"B"&.'*)1+-+'(+"/-%*."*+")30%&(."%"(.*."+5"M,(3.;",)+'*."F.'*7-%,"B"T)&%-%/7%"5.,"0%=,+,"3A,"%1+&(%*.,?"$%"0.85%&)2'"%1+&(%*%0%-%"F.'*7-%,"QOD"B"0%-%"T)&%-%/7%"QCD"*+5"(.(%5"'%&).'%5;"&.'"7'%"&)1-%"*+"37+-(.,"B"*+,%0%-+&)*.,"&+-&%'%"%"5%,"QC"3)50+-,.'%,?"Y+/^'"*)>+-,%,"17+'(+,;"5%"0.85%&)2'"%1+&(%*%".,&)5%"+'(-+"+5"d"%"#CD"+'"(.*."+5"M,(3.?"$%"6I[J$"+,()32"+'"#99d7'%" 0E-*)*%" *+" :" 3)5" 3)55.'+," *+" *25%-+," +'" +5" ,+&(.-" ,.&)%5;" 0-.*7&()>." B" 3+*)." %38)+'(+?" Y25." +5" ,+&(.-" 0-.*7&()>." 17+%1+&(%*."&.'"c"3)5"3)55.'+,"+'"0E-*)*%,?

$.," *%L.," +'" +5" Y+&(.-" Y.&)%5" ,73%'" 7'" (.(%5" *+" e9O" 3)55.'+," *+" *25%-+,;" *+" 5.," &7%5+," +5" ,+&(.-" >)>)+'*%" %&7375%" O9C3)55.'+,"*+"*25%-+,?"I,(%"&%'()*%*"0.*-=%">%-)%-"B%"<7+"5%,"&)1-%,"B"-+0.-(+"*+"*%L.,"'.",.'"&5%-.,?"I5"I,(%*."*+"5%"\+/)2'+,()3%;",)'")'&.-0.-%-"%"F.'*7-%,;"&+-&%"*+"ee"3)5"7')*%*+,"*%L%*%,"&.'(-%"bd:"3)5">)>)+'*%,"0.-"0E-*)*%,"*)-+&(%,"+,()3%*%,0.-"5%"6I[J$;"R>+-"&7%*-."Tn":X?"M'*+0+'*)+'(+3+'(+"*+"5%,"&)1-%,"&)(%*%,;"+,(%,"'."*+G%'"*+",+-")30%&(%'(+,"B"&.'(-)87B+'%^'"3A,"%")'&-+3+'(%-"+5"B%"*+(+-).-%*."*E1)&)("4%8)(%&).'%5

D5%("#',_'kJ'6*'.&1%-3#'()*'n5"%-S/'V.3-n

f7+'(+,P"I,(%*."*+"5%"\+/)2'"#999;"n6I[J$"#99d"B"x6I[J$"#999?

I5")30%&(."*+5"47-%&A'"17+"*)1+-+'(+"+'"&%*%"0%=,?"I'"F.'*7-%,;"5.,"+1+&(.,"*)-+&(.,"%,&+'*)+-.'"%"7'"3.'(."'."3+'.-"%5"dCD*+5"[MV"*+"#99e?"$.,"+1+&(.,"+'"T)&%-%/7%"17+-.'"+<7)>%5+'(+,"%"&%,)"+5"c9D"*+5"[MV?"N+"3+'.,"0+,."-+5%()>."17+"+5")30%&(.+'"5.,"*+3A,"0%=,+,?"I'",73%;"5.,"*%L.,"+<7)>%5+'"%"#bD"*+5"[MV"-+/).'%5"&+'(-.%3+-)&%'."+'"*25%-+,"&.--)+'(+,"B"%1+&(%'/-%>+3+'(+"5%"&%0%&)*%*"*+"0%/."*+"5%"-+/)2'l"5%"0E-*)*%"(.(%5"&.--+,0.'*+"%"bcD"*+"5%"*+7*%"+K(+-'%"-+/).'%5"B"-+0-+,+'(%+5":eD"*+"5%"1.-3%&)2'"8-7(%"*+"&%0)(%5"%'7%5?"R6I[J$;"#999X?

Page 37: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"bc"!

TATAT 6*'n5"%-S/'V.-n)**)

I'"5.,"0-)3+-.,"*=%,"*+"'.>)+38-+"*+5"QCC#;"+5"47-%&A'"@)&4+55+"+'(-2"0.-"5%"&.,(%",7-"*+""5%"M,5%"*+"678%;"&.'")'(+',%,"557>)%,B">)+'(.,"+,()3%*.,"+'"#bO"3)55%,"0.-"4.-%,?"J1+&(2"%5""cO"D"*+5"(+--)(.-)."'%&).'%5""Rd"0-.>)'&)%,"B"37')&)0).,"+,0+&)%5+,X"B"%7'%"0.85%&)2'"(.(%5""*+"O?9"3)55.'+,"*+"0+-,.'%,;"&.--+,0.'*)+'(+"%5"ObD"*+5"0%=,?""I5"47-%&A'"@)&4+55+"17+"*+"&%(+/.-=%"c"+'5%"+,&%5%"*+"Y%11)-"Y)30,.'"RO"+,"5%"3AK)3%X?"f7+"&%(%5./%*."0.-"5%"@),)2'"M'(+-%/+'&)%5"*+"5%"pTS"&.3."+5"3A,",+>+-."+'"+5^5()3."3+*).",)/5."+'"5%"M,5%?"$%"0-.>)'&)%"*+"@%(%'H%,"17+"7'%"*+"5%,"3A,"%1+&(%*%,"&.'"*%L.,")'(+',.,"+'"5%"0-.*7&&)2'%H7&%-+-%;"+'"5%,"05%'(%&).'+,"*+"%--.H;"1-)G.5+,;"&=(-)&.,"B"5%"0+<7+L%"B"3+*)%'%"0-.*7&&)2'?

I5",%5*."*+">=&()3%,"3.-(%5+,"17+"*+"(%'",25."&)'&."0+-,.'%,;"/-%&)%,"%"5%"/-%'"3.>)5)H%&)2'"<7+"+5"].8)+-'."&78%'.".-/%')H20%-%"+>%&7%-"dCC"3)5"0+-,.'%,"*+"5.,"##"3)55.'+,"*+"4%8)(%'(+,?"Y)'"+38%-/.;"5.,"+1+&(.,"+&.'23)&.,"%""3+*)%'."B"5%-/."05%H.,+-A'"0-.17'*.,?"I5"OCD"*+5",+&(.-"%H7&%-+-."17+"%1+&(%*."*)-+&(%3+'(+"&.'"0E-*)*%,"+'"5%,"+K0.-(%&).'+,"&+-&%'%,"%"5.,":C3)55.'+,"*+"*25%-+,"B"+'"+5",+&(.-"*+"&=(-)&.,"7'%"0E-*)*%"*+"Qe"3)55.'+,"*+"*25%-+,?"$.,"+1+&(.,"3A,"'.(%85+,"+'"+5"17(7-.&+-&%'.",+-A'"+'"5%",+/7-)*%*"%5)3+'(%-)%;"5%">)>)+'*%"B"+'+-/=%;"%,="&.3."+'"5%"0-.*7&&)2'"*+"%H^&%-;"&%1E"B"(%8%&.;"(-+,"*+5.,"0-.*7&(.,"3A," )30.-(%'(+,"*+" 5%"+K0.-(%&)2'"*+"678%?"$%"0+<7+L%"B"3+*)%'%"0-.*7&&)2';"*+",73%" )30.-(%'&)%"+'"+5,),(+3%"*+"0-.*7&&)2'"&78%'.;"(%38)E'",71-)-A'"&.',+&7+'&)%,",)/')1)&%()>%,?

I'"+5"A38)(.",.&)%5;"+5"Y+&(.-"a)>)+'*%;" G7'(."&.'" 5.,"4.,0)(%5+,"B"+,&7+5%,;" 17+"7'."*+" 5.,"3A,"%1+&(%*.,P"#::;O#O"&%,%,*%L%*%,;"*+"5%,"&7%5+,"#Q;Oe9"&.305+(%3+'(+"*+,(-7)*%,"B":C"3)5"1%3)5)%,"*)-+&(%3+'(+"%1+&(%*%,?"I'"*)&)+38-+"*+5"QCC#;T%&).'+,"S')*%,"-+0.-(%8%"<7+"QeC"3)5"0+-,.'%,"+,(%8%'"%^'",)'">)>)+'*%,?

$%"&%-/%"<7+"+5"].8)+-'."&78%'."*+8)2",.0.-(%-"0%-%",.5>+'(%-"5%"+3+-/+'&)%">)'."%",.&%>%-"%^'"3A,",7"1-A/)5"+&.'.3=%;"B%<7+"*+8)2"-+&7--)-"%5"7,."*+"5%,"-+,+->%,"+,(-%(E/)&%,"0%-%"%5)3+'(%-"%"5.,"&)+'(.,"*+"3)5+,"*+"*%3')1)&%*.,?

TAb'2I?0,2W'DL,DI0W7L,6W'WLB86'ILW'6]6DKLW':6'ILW':6W2WK86W

TAbA@'W)$a/')*'#".$)/'()'*#+'`)/9&)/#+

q $.," *+,%,(-+," *+" .-)/+'" 4)*-.3+(+.-.52/)&." %1+&(%'" /+'+-%53+'(+" 7'%" ,70+-1)&)+" /+./-A1)&%" 3A," +K(+',%" <7+" 5.," *+.-)/+'"/+.52/)&.?

q $.,"*+,%,(-+,"0-.*7&)*.,"0.-"1+'23+'.,"/+.52/)&.,"+'"6+'(-.%3E-)&%".&%,).'%-.'"+5"3%B.-"'^3+-."*+">=&()3%,"3.-(%5+,*+8)*."%"<7+"5%"H.'%"*+")'&)*+'&)%"*+"+,(.,",+"&.'&+'(-%"+'"5%,"-+/).'+,"3A,"*+',%3+'(+"0.85%*%,;"",)(7%&)2'"")'>+-,%+'"+5"&.'(+K(."B""0-.3+*)."37'*)%5;"+'"+5"&7%5"5.,"1+'23+'.,"4)*-.3+(+.-.52/)&.,",.'"5.,"3A,"*%L)'.,?

q $%,"0E-*)*%,"+'"%&+->."*+"&%0)(%5"R)'1-%+,(-7&(7-%"1=,)&%"B",.&)%5X"-+,75(%'(+,"*+"5.,"(+--+3.(.,"+'"5%"-+/)2'",.'"3%B.-+,%" 5%," &%7,%*%," 0.-" 5%," )'7'*%&).'+,;" 3)+'(-%," <7+" +,(%," &%7,%'" 3%B.-+," 0E-*)*%," +'" 0-.*7&&)2'" %/-.0+&7%-)%" " +)'*)-+&(%3+'(+"+'".(-.,"%,0+&(.,"&.3."+5"5%>%*."B"+-.,)2'"*+"5.,",7+5.,?

TAbAQ'6`)-3#+'-#&5/)+')/'3#(#'3.1#'()'()+%+3")+

q I5+>%*."'^3+-."*+">=&()3%,"3.-(%5+,"B"0E-*)*%,"+&.'23)&%,?q M'&-+3+'(."*+5"*E1)&)("*+"5%")'1-%+,(-7&(7-%",.&)%5;"*+"5%,">)>)+'*%,;"5%,")',(%5%&).'+,"*+",%57*"B"+',+L%'H%?q N),3)'7&)2'"*+"5.,")'/-+,.,"*+"5%"0.85%&)2'"+")'&-+3+'(."*+"5%,"(%,%,"*+"*+,+305+."B",78+305+.?q M'(+--70&)2'"(+30.-%5"*+"5.,",+->)&).,"*+",73)'),(-."*+"%/7%;",%'+%3)+'(.;"+5+&(-)&)*%*;"&.37')&%&)2'"B"(-%',0.-(+?

Page 38: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"bO"!

q N+,%8%,(+&)3)+'(."B"+,&%,+H"(+30.-%5"*+"%5)3+'(.,"B"3%(+-)%,"0-)3%,"0%-%"5%"0-.*7&&)2'"%/-=&.5%;")'*7,(-)%5"B"3%(+-)%5+,*+"&.',(-7&&)2'?

q [-.5)1+-%&)2'"*+"+0)*+3)%,;"0+,(+,"B"+'1+-3+*%*+,?

TAbAT 6`)-3#+')-#/9&.-#+'N'+#-.%*)+A

q \+*7&&)2'"B"-+(-%,."*+5"&-+&)3)+'(."+&.'23)&."*+"5.,"0%=,+,?"Y+/^'"5%"6I[J$;"+,(+"07+*+".,&)5%-"+'(-+"7'"Q"%"#C"D"*+5[MV"-+/).'%5"*7-%'(+"5%,"^5()3%,"(-+,"*E&%*%,?

q M'&-+3+'(."*+5"/%,(."*+5",+&(.-"0^85)&."R/%,(.,")30-+>),(.,"0%-%"%(+'*+-"5%"+3+-/+'&)%X?q N+(+-).-."+'"5%"8%5%'H%"*+"0%/.,"R*),3)'7&)2'"*+"+K0.-(%&).'+,"+")'&-+3+'(."*+")30.-(%&).'+,X?q M'&-+3+'(."+'""5.,"='*)&+,"*+5"&.,(."*+">)*%?q W-%,(.-'.,"0,)&.52/)&.,"+'"5%"0.85%&)2'?q [E-*)*%"*+"&%0)(%5"473%'."'.",25."0.-"5%,"37+-(+,"&%7,%*%,;",)'."(%38)E'"0.-"5%"3)/-%&)2'")'(+-'%"B"+K(+-'%"*+"7'%"0%-(+

)30.-(%'(+"*+"5%"0.85%&)2'"%1+&(%*%?

Page 39: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"b:"!

bA@'?6,682I7:2:6W

I5"&-+&)+'(+")30%&(."*+"5.,"*+,%,(-+,"%"+,&%5%"37'*)%5"&.'55+>2"%"<7+"5%"J,%385+%"]+'+-%5"*+"5%,"T%&).'+,"S')*%,"*+&5%-%-%5%"*E&%*%"*+"#99C!#999"&.3."+5"N+&+')."M'(+-'%&).'%5"0%-%"5%"\+*7&&)2'"*+"5.,"N+,%,(-+,"T%(7-%5+,"RNM\NTX?"Y+"07,."%,=*+" 3%')1)+,(." 5%" 0-+.&70%&)2'" *+" 5.," /.8)+-'.," *+5" 37'*." 0.-" 5%" &7.(%" &%*%" >+H" 3A," &-+&)+'(+" *+" >=&()3%," 473%'%," B%1+&(%&)2'"B",7")30%&(."+'"+5"*+,%--.55."*+"5%,"'%&).'+,?

[-+>)." %" 5.," %L.," #99C;" +'" J3E-)&%" 6+'(-%5;" 678%" B" \+0^85)&%" N.3)')&%'%" B%" +K),(=%'" .-/%')H%&).'+," +,(%(%5+," <7+" ,+*+*)&%8%'"%5"*+,%--.55."*+"%&&).'+,"*+",.&.--.;"-+,07+,(%"B"0-+0%-%()>.,"%'(+"5%".&7--+'&)%"*+"5.,"*+,%,(-+,?"I,(%,"+,(%8%'&.'&+'(-%*%," +'" 5.," .-/%'),3.," *+" *+1+',%" &)>)5" ." *+" +3+-/+'&)%;" 7,7%53+'(+" 3%'+G%*.," 0.-" %0%-%(.," 3)5)(%-+," *+" 5.,+GE-&)(.,"*+"5.,"0%=,+,?"I,(%,")',(%'&)%,"'."&.'(%8%'"')"0-+>+=%'"+'",7,"%&()>)*%*+,;"%&&).'+,"*+"0-+>+'&)2'"."-+&.',(-7&&)2'?I5"*+,%,(-+"+-%"&.',)*+-%*."&.3."7'"%&.'(+&)3)+'(."&.B7'(7-%5"B"(+30.-%5;".8-%"*+"5%"'%(7-%5+H%;"<7+"*+8=%",+-"+'1-+'(%*.+'"+5"3.3+'(."*+",7".&7--+'&)%"."%"5.",73.;"+,(%-"0-+0%-%*.,"0%-%"+55.?"$%"/+,()2'"*+5"-)+,/.",+"0+-&)8=%"0%-&)%53+'(+"B"'.,+"-+5%&).'%8%"&.'"+5"*+,%--.55.?

N7-%'(+" 5%" *E&%*%" #99C!#999;" 7'%" &%*+'%" *+" %&.'(+&)3)+'(.," &.3)+'H%" %" &%38)%-" 0%75%()'%3+'(+" 5%" 0+-&+0&)2'" *+" 5.,*+,%,(-+,?" Y+" %>%'H%" +'" *),()'/7)-" <7+" +K),(+'" %3+'%H%," B" <7+" +,(%," 07+*+'" ,+-" *+" &%-A&(+-" '%(7-%5;" %'(-20)&%,;" ." 7'%&.38)'%&)2'"*+"%38%,;"B"<7+"07+*+'"*%L%-"%"5%"0.85%&)2';"*+0+'*)+'*."*+5"/-%*."*+">75'+-%8)5)*%*".",7,&+0()8)5)*%*"<7++,(%,"(+'/%'"%",+-"%1+&(%*%,"0.-"7'"+>+'(.?"I5"-)+,/."0.(+'&)%5"0%-%"<7+".&7--%"7'"*+,%,(-+",+"+'()+'*+;"+'(.'&+,;"&.3."5%&.'G7/%&)2'"*+"5%"%3+'%H%"B"5%">75'+-%8)5)*%*"<7+"%&(^%'"+K0.'+'&)%53+'(+?"J"3%B.-"%3+'%H%".">75'+-%8)5)*%*;"3%B.-"+,"+5-)+,/.?"Y+"&.30-+'*+;"%*+3A,;"<7+",)",+"<7)+-+"-+*7&)-"+5"-)+,/."4%B"<7+"%&(7%-",.8-+"5.,"1%&(.-+,"<7+"5."0.(+'&)%'?"I'"+,(+&.'(+K(.;"5%"0+-&+0&)2'"*+5"*+,%,(-+"&%38)%"B"0.-"+'*+",+"+'()+'*+"<7+"'.",25.",+"*+8+'"-+%5)H%-"%&&).'+,"+'"+5"3.3+'(.3),3."*+" 5%".&7--+'&)%"*+5" 1+'23+'.;",)'."<7+"+,"'+&+,%-)." (.3%-"3+*)*%,"*+"0-+>+'&)2'"0%-%" -+*7&)-"+5" )30%&(."*+" 5%%3+'%H%"B"5.,"1%&(.-+,"*+">75'+-%8)5)*%*?

$.,"*+,%,(-+,"&.3)+'H%'"%",+-"&.30-+'*)*.,"&.3."7'" 1%&(.-" )30.-(%'(+"*+'(-."*+5"3%-&."*+5"*+,%--.55."B",+"+'()+'*+" 5%)30+-%'(+"'+&+,)*%*"*+"-+*7&)-",7,"+1+&(.,",)",+"<7)+-+"%>%'H%-"+'"+5"*+,%--.55."473%'.",.,(+')85+?"a%-).,"+5+3+'(.,"G7+/%'7'"0%0+5")30.-(%'(+"+'"5%"-+/)2'"*+'(-."*+"+,(+"0-.&+,.?

$%"*+&5%-%&)2'"*+5"NM\NT"B"5%")',(%5%&)2'"*+",7".1)&)'%"-+/).'%5"+'"Y%'"t.,E;"6.,(%"\)&%;"5%"&7%5"-+%5)H2"+,17+-H.,"+'"&%30%L%,*+" &.'&)+'()H%&)2';" 0-.3.&)2'" *+" 0.5=()&%," &.'" 5.," +,(%*.," B" .(-%," )',()(7&).'+,;" *)>75/%&)2'" *+" 3%(+-)%5+," +*7&%()>.," +)'1.-3%()>.,;".-/%')H%&)2'"*+"1.-.,;"(%55+-+,"B",+3)'%-).,;"%,="&.3."7'%",+-)+"*+"%&&).'+,"*+,()'%*%,"%"&.30-+'*+-"5%"*)3+',)2'*+"5.,"*+,%,(-+,"B"5%,")305)&%'&)%,",.&).+&.'23)&%,"+'"5%,",.&)+*%*+,?"I'"+,(+"0-.&+,.;"5.,"/.8)+-'.,"B"7'%",+-)+"*+".-/%'),3.,%,73+'"7'"0%0+5"0-.(%/2')&."+'"5%"8^,<7+*%"*+",.57&).'+,")''.>%*.-%,""0%-%"-+*7&)-"5.,"*+,%,(-+,?"I5"].8)+-'."*+"]7%(+3%5%+,"+5"0-)3+-."+'"5%"-+/)2'"<7+"-+1.-3%",7"5+B"*+"+3+-/+'&)%"B"&-+%;"+'"#99:;"7'",),(+3%"*+"6..-*)'%&)2'"T%&).'%5"0%-%"5%

+,0':F3G1')48@21'A4E'.6E1E@26EH':4;24EH'I42@1A6J1E'B.6C9A95156E'68'A4E'=E68@1>968@4E'KF>184E

Page 40: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"be"!

\+*7&&)2'"*+"N+,%,(-+,"R6pT\INX;"5+",)/7+'"6.,(%"\)&%"+'"#99d"B"T)&%-%/7%"+'"+5"%L."QCCC?"Y+"&-+%'",),(+3%,"'%&).'%5+,<7+" )'&.-0.-%'"%" (.*%" 5%",.&)+*%*"RB"'.",25."%5"+GE-&)(.X"B"<7+" 5+,"0+-3)(+'" (-%8%G%-"%*+3A,"*+"+'" 5%" 1%,+"*+",.&.--.;"+'%&&).'+,"*+"0-+>+'&)2';"3)()/%&)2'"B"0-+0%-%()>.,l"%'(+,;"*7-%'(+"B"*+,07E,"*+5"*+,%,(-+?

I5"+,(%85+&)3)+'(."*+5"6+'(-."*+"6..-*)'%&)2'"B"[-+>+'&)2'"*+"5.,"N+,%,(-+,"T%(7-%5+,"*+"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"R6I[\INITJ6X+'"#9dd;""B",7"0.,(+-).-")'&.-0.-%&)2'"+")',()(7&).'%5)H%&)2'"&.3."+5".-/%'),3."+,0+&)%5)H%*."*+5"YM6J;"+'"#99b;"+'"+5"(+3%"*+-+*7&&)2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,?"I'"+5"6%-)8+;"5.,"I,(%*.,"6%-)8+L.,"*+"4%85%")'/5+,%"R6J\M6p@X"1.-3%-.'"+'"#99#;"6NI\J;"&.3.,7".-/%'),3."+,0+&)%5)H%*."+'"*+,%,(-+,?"J38%,".-/%')H%&).'+,"G7/%-.'"B"G7+/%'"7'"0%0+5"+,(-%(E/)&."+'"5%"0-.3.&)2'"*+%&()>)*%*+,"B"+'"5%"&.',&)+'()H%&)2'",.8-+"5%")30.-(%'&)%"*+"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+5"-)+,/.?

I5")30%&(."*+"5.,"*+,%,(-+,;"0-)'&)0%53+'(+"*+"5.,"47-%&%'+,"@)(&4"B"]+.-/+,;"<7+"&+--%-.'"+5",)/5."&.'"(-A/)&%,"&.',+&7+'&)%,;>.5>)2"%"0.'+-"+'"%5+-(%"%"5%,",.&)+*%*+,"%1+&(%*%,"<7+;")/'-%+#'()'/5)U#+'`)/9&)/#+'+.&.*%")+'N'()'-#/3./5%"+)')/'*%+-#/(.-.#/)+'%-35%*)+='1#("P%/' 3)/)"'5/')`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

p(-.,"%&(.-+,"&5%>+;"&.3."@E*)&.,"Y)'"f-.'(+-%,"R@YfX;"5%"pIJ;"I6Fp;"fM6\;"pfNJ;"p[Y"B">%-)%,"pT],;"&.'(-)87B+-.''.(%85+3+'(+"%5"*+,%--.55."*+5"(+3%"+'"5%"\+/)2'?"6%8+"3+'&).'%-"5%"5%8.-"<7+"$J"\IN"*+,%--.552"+'"+5"+,(7*)."+")'(+-0-+(%&)2'*+"5.,"*+,%,(-+,"B"%0.-(2"+'"5%"*+1)')&)2'"*+5"3%-&."(+2-)&."B"5%"&.30-+',)2'"*+"<7+"5.,"*+,%,(-+,"'.",.'",7&+,.,"+K&57,)>%3+'(+'%(7-%5+,;",)'."(%38)E'"&.',+&7+'&)%"*+"7'%",+-)+"*+"&.'*)&).'+,",.&)%5+,"R>75'+-%8)5)*%*X"<7+;"+'"&.38)'%&)2'"&.'"5%"%3+'%H%;-+*7&+'"."%&-+&)+'(%'"+5")30%&(."*+"5.,"1+'23+'.,"'%(7-%5+,?

bAQ'2VB7KL'?0B68,2V6,K2I'86?7L,2I

W.*.," 5.,"/.8)+-'.,"*+"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"*+3.,(-%-.'">.57'(%*"B"%>%'&+,",)/')1)&%()>.,"+'" 5%" -+*7&&)2'"*+5" -)+,/."B"+'" 5%'+&+,)*%*"*+"0-.&+*+-"+'"1.-3%"&.'G7'(%;"&.'"3+(%,"&.37'+,"B"%0.-(+"*+"-+&7-,.,;"0%-%"-+*7&)-"+5")30%&(."*+"5.,"*+,%,(-+,?I,(.",+"-+15+G%"+'"(E-3)'.,"0.5=()&.,"%"(-%>E,"*+"5%"%0-.8%&)2'"*+5"fV%"-#'6+3"%3Y$.-#'1%"%'*%'")(5--.9/'()'*%'H5*/)"%>.*.(%(N'*#+':)+%+3")+o="5%"*+&5%-%(.-)%"*+5"fF5./O5)/.#'D)/3"#%&)".-%/#'1%"%'*%'8)(5--.9/'()'*%'H5*/)"%>.*.(%('N')*'7&1%-3#()'*#+':)+%+3")+'Q\\\[Q\\b`"B"5%"%&(7%5)H%&)2'"*+5"_!*%/'8)$.#/%*'1%"%'*%'8)(5--.9/'()'*#+':)+%+3")+o"R[\\NX?"S'"0%0+5)30.-(%'(+"0%-%"5%"0-.3.&)2'"*+"+,(.,"%&7+-*.,"5."4%"*+,+30+L%*."+5"6I[\INITJ6?

J'(+"5%,"*+3%'*%,".0+-%()>%,"B"*+""&..-*)'%&)2'"")307+,(%,"0.-"5.,"*+,%,(-+,"*+"1)'%5+,"*+5"*+&+')."#99C;"6I[\INITJ6"4%-+,75(%*.",+-"+5"17'*%3+'(."0%-%"-+7')-"'73+-.,%,"*+,(-+H%,"0-.1+,).'%5+,"B"3^5()05+,")'(+-+,+,"0.5=()&.,"+'"(.*%"5%"-+/)2'?I'"5%"%&(7%5)*%*;"6I[\INITJ6",+"&.',)*+-%"+5"07'(."*+"-+1+-+'&)%""0%-%"'73+-.,%,"%/+'&)%,;",.8-+"(.*.;"*%*."+5"-+,7-/)3)+'(.*+5" )'(+-E,"0.-" 5%,"%&&).'+,"+'"+5"A38)(."-+/).'%5?"N+'(-."*+5"3),3."YM6J;"+5"6I[\INITJ6"4%"/%'%*."0-+,()/)."0.-",7,-+5%&).'+,"B"&.5%8.-%&)2'"&.'".(-%,"%/+'&)%,",+&(.-)%5+,"+,0+&)%5)H%*%,?"F%"&.5%8.-%*."&.'"5%"p[Y"+'"+5"Y+&(.-"Y%57*;"&.'ST!FJVMWJW;"+'"+5"Y+&(.-"a)>)+'*%"B"J,+'(%3)+'(.,"F73%'.,l"&.'"+5"[-./-%3%"@7'*)%5"*+"%5)3+'(.,"R[@JX"+'"3%(+-)%"*+,+/7-)*%*"%5)3+'(%-)%l"&.'"+5" M',()(7(."6+'(-.%3+-)&%'."B"[%'%3+L."*+"W-%',0.-(+;"+'"+5"&%30."*+" 5%,"&.37')&%&).'+,"B(-%',0.-(+?"W%38)E'"4%"&..0+-%*."&.'".(-%,"%/+'&)%,"-+/).'%5+,"+'"(+3%,"&.3."5%"%/-)&75(7-%;"5%"/+,()2'"*+5"%/7%;"5%"/+'+-%&)2'B"*),(-)87&)2'"+5E&(-)&%"B"5%,"(+5+&.37')&%&).'+,;"%,="&.3."&.'".-/%')H%&).'+,"&.37')(%-)%,?"RMYN\;"QCC#X

Page 41: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"bd"!

I'"+5"6%-)8+;"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,",+"4%")'&.-0.-%*."+'"5%"3%B.-=%"*+"5%,")')&)%()>%,"-+/).'%5+,;"&.3."+'"+5"[-./-%3%"*+J&&)2'"0%-%"5.,"[+<7+L.,"I,(%*.,"M',75%-+,"+'"N+,%--.55.;"B"5%"6.37')*%*"*+5"6%-)8+?"W%38)E'"+,"0-).-)(%-)%"+'"5.,"0-./-%3%,*+"5%"J,.&)%&)2'"*+"I,(%*.,"6%-)8+L.,"RJI6X?"I5"(+3%"*+"5%"+>%57%&)2'"*+"5%">75'+-%8)5)*%*",+"4%">7+5(."&5%>+"+'"5%"0.5=()&%+K(+-).-"*+5"6J\M6p@;"+'"*)>+-,.,"1.-.,"*+5"V%'&."@7'*)%5"RV@X;"V%'&."M'(+-%3+-)&%'."*+"N+,%--.55."RVMNX;"5%"pIJ;"5%"p[YB"5%"Y+&-+(%-=%"*+"5%"6.37')*%*"V-)(A')&%?"J*+3A,;"5%"6.'1+-+'&)%"*+"t+1+,"*+"].8)+-'."*+"6J\M6p@"4%"*+&)*)*."<7+"5%/+,()2'"*+"5.,"*+,%,(-+,"B"+5"3+*)."%38)+'(+",+"3%'+G+"0.-""7'%"&%-(+-%"+'"+5"-%'/.""3)'),(+-)%5?

$.,"+,17+-H.,"-+/).'%5+,"3A,"-+5+>%'(+,"*%(%'"*+"#99#;"&7%'*."5.,"0%=,+,"*+5"6J\M6p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

6NI\J"B".(-%,".-/%')H%&).'+,"4%'">+')*."(-%8%G%'*."0%-%"%305)%-"+5"(+3%-)."*+"*+,%,(-+,;"0+-."%^'"1%5(%"37&4."0.-"4%&+-?S'%"*+"+,(%,")')&)%()>%,"-+&)+'(+,"17+"5%"1)-3%;"+'"+5"%L."QCCC;"*+"7'"%&7+-*."0%(-.&)'%*."0.-"5%"JI6;"0%-%")'&-+3+'(%-"5%&..0+-%&)2'"+'"+,(+"&%30.;"+'(-+"5.,"0%=,+,"*+"5%"67+'&%"*+5"6%-)8+?"I5"6.'>+')."&7+'(%"&.'"+5"%0.B."+K05=&)(."*+"6NI\JB"6I[\INITJ6?

Page 42: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"b9"!

J"&.'()'7%&)2'",+"*+,&-)8+;"8-+>+3+'(+;"0%-(+"*+"5%,"0-)'&)0%5+,".-/%')H%&).'+,;"%/+'&)%,"B"*)>+-,%,"+'()*%*+,"<7+"+,(A'(-%8%G%'*."+'"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+"5.,"*+,%,(-+,"B"5%,"%&&).'+,"<7+"+,(%,")3075,%'P

@ 6+3"%3)$.%'7/3)"/%-.#/%*'1%"%'*%'8)(5--.9/'()':)+%+3")+"RIM\NX?"Y7-/)2"%"-%=H"*+"5%"&.'&57,)2'"*+5"NM\NT;"0.-"5%"&7%5;5.,"0%=,+,"3)+38-.,"*+"5%"pTS;"+'"5%"J,%385+%"]+'+-%5;"+'"+5"%L."QCCC;"0-.&5%3%'"+5"+,(%85+&)3)+'(."0+-3%'+'(+"*+7'%" )',(%'&)%" <7+" ,+" 0-+.&70+" 0.-" >+5%-" B" 0-.3.>+-" +5" *+,%--.55." " *+" 0.5=()&%," B" %&&).'+," 0%-%" 5%" -+*7&&)2'" *+" 5.,*+,%,(-+,?"$%",+*+"0-)'&)0%5"+,(A""+'"])'+8-%;"Y7)H%;"B"&7+'(%"&.'"7'%"p1)&)'%"\+/).'%5"0%-%"$%,"J3E-)&%,;"&.'",+*+"+'6.,(%"\)&%;"<7+",+"0-+.&70%"*+"5%"&..-*)'%&)2';"0-.3.&)2'"B"*)>75/%&)2'"*+"0.5=()&%,"B"+,(-%(+/)%,"-+1+-+'(+"%"5%"-+*7&&)2'*+5"-)+,/."0.-"0%-(+"*+5"Y),(+3%"*+"5%,"T%&).'+,"S')*%,?

Q 6*'D)/3"#'()'D##"(./%-.9/'1%"%' *%' ")(5--.9/'()' *#+':)+%+3")+',%35"%*)+')/'2&Y".-%'D)/3"%*" R6I[\INITJ6X;&-+%*." +'" #9dd" +" )',()(7&).'%5)H%*." +'" #99b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

T D%".>>)%/':.+%+3)"'6&)"$)/-N'8)+1#/+)'2$)/-N"R6NI\JX;"&-+%*%"+'"#99#"0.-"6J\M6p@"R6.37')*%*"6%-)8+L%"*+0%=,+," *+" 4%85%" )'/5+,%X" +'" 5%" &7%5" 0%-()&)0%'" &.3." )'>)(%*.," 678%" B" \+0^85)&%" N.3)')&%'%?" Y7-/+" +'" +5" 3%-&." *+5NM\NT;"&.'"5%"3),)2'"*+"0-.3.>+-"%&&).'+,"0%-%"05%'+,"*+"-+,07+,(%"B"0-+0%-%()>.,?"6.'"5.,"%L.,"4%")*.")'(+/-%'*."5%/+,()2'"*+5"-)+,/."%",7,"(%-+%,;"0+-.",7"3%'*%(."+,"*E8)5""+'"%,0+&(.,"*+"0-+>+'&)2'"B"3)()/%&)2'?"W-%8%G%"+,(-+&4%3+'(+&.'"6I[\INITJ6"B"17'&).'%"&.3."7'."*+"5.,"-+1+-+'(+,"0-)'&)0%5+,"+'"+5"6%-)8+?

b 2+#-.%-.9/'()'6+3%(#+'D%".>)p#+"RJI6X")'&57B+"%5"6%-)8+"M',75%-"%,="&.3."0%=,+,"*+5"J3E-)&%"*+5"T.-(+"B"*+5"Y7-"<7+()+'+'"&.,(%"+'"5%"67+'&%"*+5"6%-)8+"B"%"(.*."+5"M,(3."6+'(-.%3+-)&%'.?"I5"0%0+5"*+"5%"JI6"+,"0-)'&)0%53+'(+""*+,%--.55%-0.5=()&%,;"%&7+-*.,"B"%&&).'+,"*+"%0.B."%"5.,"+,(%*.,"3)+38-.,"+'"*)>+-,%,"A-+%,"*+")'(+-E,"&.3^'?"67+'(%"&.'"7'"A-+%+,0+&)%5)H%*%" 0%-%" &..-*)'%-" %&&).'+," 0%-%" 5%" -+*7&&)2'" *+5" -)+,/.?" W-%8%G%" +'" +,(-+&4%" -+5%&)2'" &.'" 6NI\J;6I[\INITJ6"B".(-%,")',(%'&)%,"-+/).'%5+,;"(%'(."/78+-'%3+'(%5+,"&.3."*+"5%"&..0+-%&)2'")'(+-'%&).'%5?

e W.+3)&%'()'7/3)$"%-.9/'D)/3"#%&)".-%/%'RYM6JX;"&.',()(7)*."+'"#99b"%"(-%>E,"*+5"*+'.3)'%*."_[-.(.&.5."*+"W+/7&)/%50%`;+5"&7%5"*+1)'+"2-/%'.,"+")',()(7&).'+,"B"&.',()(7B+"+5"'7+>."3%-&.")',()(7&).'%5"*+"5%")'(+/-%&)2'?"I'(-+"5.,"2-/%'.,"<7+"5.&.30.'+'" +K),(+'" %5/7'.," *+" &%-A&(+-" &.37')(%-)." &.3." +5" [%-5%3+'(." 6+'(-.%3+-)&%'." R[J\$J6ITX;" 5%" 6.-(+6+'(-.%3+-)&%'%"*+"t7,()&)%"B"5%"Y+&-+(%-)%"]+'+-%5?"W%38)E'"4%B"2-/%'.,")'(+-/78+-'%3+'(%5+,;"&.3."+5"6.',+G."*+@)'),(-.,"*+"\+5%&).'+,"IK(+-).-+,"R2-/%'."0-)'&)0%5"*+"&..-*)'%&)2'X;"5.,"6.',+G.,"*+"@)'),(-.,"Y+&(.-)%5+,;"+5"6.3)(E

,0'-2;189J139486EH'L24B63@4E'B'L24;21>1E'68'A1'!6;9<8

Page 43: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"cC"!

IG+&7()>.l" %*+3A," 5." &.30.'+" 7'" 2-/%'." 6.',75()>." *+" 5%" ,.&)+*%*" 6)>)5;" <7+" +," +5" 6.3)(E" 6.',75()>.?" I,-+,0.',%85+"*+"0-.3.>+-"B"&..-*)'%-"(.*%,"5%,"%&&).'+,"*+5"0-.&+,."*+")'(+/-%&)2'?"W)+'+",7",+*+"&+'(-%5"+'Y%'"Y%5>%*.-?

i L"$%/.M%-.9/'!%/%&)".-%/%'()'*%'W%*5("Rp[YX;"!"#$"%&%'()'!")1%"%3.U#+'()':)+%+3")+'R[IN!p[YX?"W-%8%G%+'1.&%*."0-)'&)0%53+'(+"+'"+5"Y+&(.-"Y%57*;"0+-."*+,%--.55%"7'%",+-)+"*+"0-./-%3%,;"0-.B+&(.,;"0785)&%&).'+,;3%'7%5+,"*+"&%0%&)(%&)2'"<7+"(-%,&)+'*+'",7",+&(.-"B"%8%-&%'"(+3%,"*+")'(+-E,"0%-%"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,;&.3."+5"(-%(%3)+'(."*+"%/7%;"3%'+G."*+"*+,+&4.,"B".(-.,?"$%"p[Y;"%*+3A,"*+5"[IN;"0-.3.>)2"7'%",+-)+"*+0-.B+&(.," -+/).'%5+,"*+'(-."*+" 5.,"&7%5+,",+"+'&7+'(-%"+5"6+'(-."*+"N.&73+'(%&)2'",.8-+"N+,%,(-+,"B"<7+$7+/.",+"(-%,1.-3."+'"+5"6+'(-."\+/).'%5"*+"M'1.-3%&)2'",.8-+"N+,%,(-+,"R6\MNX?"W%38)E'")3075,."7'"0-.B+&(.-+/).'%5"0%-%"+5"3%'+G."*+",73)'),(-.,"+'"&%,."*+"+3+-/+'&)%,"*+'.3)'%*."YS@J;"<7+"+'"5%"%&(7%5)*%*"17'&).'%&.3."7'%"17'*%&)2'"B"&7+'(%"(.*%>=%"&.'"+5"%0.B."*+"5%"p[Y"B".(-%,"%/+'&)%,?"M3075,%"7'"0-.B+&(."*+'.3)'%*._\+*7&&)2'" *+" 5%" a75'+-%8)5)*%*`" +'" 5.," 0%=,+," 3A," %1+&(%*.," 0.-" +5" F7-%&A'" @)(&4;" +5" &7%5" 0-.37+>+" +51.-(%5+&)3)+'(."*+"5%".-/%')H%&)2'"5.&%5"B"5%"0%-()&)0%&)2'"+'"+5"0-.&+,."*+"(.3%"*+"*+&),).'+,?"[%-%"5.,"0-./-%3%,*+"*+,%,(-+,;"5%"p[Y"&7+'(%"&.'",+*+,",78!-+/).'%5+,"+'"Y%'"t.,E;"0%-%"%(+'*+-"6+'(-.%3E-)&%"B"+'"V%-8%*.,0%-%"+5"6%-)8+?"W)+'+"(%38)E'"-+0-+,+'(%&).'+,"+'"&%*%"0%=,"*+"5%"-+/)2'?

k ])()"%-.9/'7/3)"/%-.#/%*'()'*%'D"5M'8#q%'N'*%'V)(.%'I5/%'8#q%"RMf\6"0.-",7,",)/5%,"+'")'/5E,X?"[.,++"7'%305)." (-%8%G." -+/).'%5" B" 0-./-%3%," &.37')(%-).," +'(-+" 5.," &7%5+," ,+" *+,(%&%" +5" [-./-%3%" *+" 6%0%&)(%&)2'6.37')(%-)%" _@A," a%5+" [-+>+')-`;" %305)%3+'(+" *)17'*)*." B" &.'" >%-).," %L.," *+" >%5)*%&)2'?" W)+'+" *.," ,+*+,,78-+/).'%5+,P" 7'%" +'" Y%'(." N.3)'/.;" 0%-%" %(+'*+-" +5" 6%-)8+;" B" 5%" .(-%" +'" 6)7*%*" *+" ]7%(+3%5%;" 0%-%6+'(-.%3E-)&%?"W-%8%G%"&.'"5%"6-7H"\.G%"*+"&%*%"7'."*+"5.,"0%=,+,"*+"5%"-+/)2'"B""1.-3%'"0%-(+"*+5"@.>)3)+'(.*+"5%,"Y.&)+*%*+,"*+"5%""f+*+-%&)2'"*+"5%"6-7H"\.G%?

r D##1)"%-.9/'KY-/.-%'2*)&%/%" R]WuX" ()+'+"7'%"%305)%"0-+,+'&)%"+'" 5%"\+/)2';"0-)'&)0%53+'(+"+'"J3E-)&%6+'(-%5;"B"0-.37+>+"*+,*+"#99e"+5"[-.B+&(."*+"f.-(%5+&)3)+'(."*+"5%,"I,(-7&(7-%,"$.&%5+,"+'"&.5%8.-%&)2'"&.'6I[\INITJ6;"5%,"%5&%5*=%,")'(+/-%*%,"+'"+5"0-.B+&(."B"5.,"Y),(+3%,"T%&).'%5+,"*+"]+,()2'"*+"N+,%,(-+,"*+T)&%-%/7%;"]7%(+3%5%;"F.'*7-%,;"6.,(%"\)&%"B"[%'%3A?"N+,%--.55%;"%*+3A,;"&.'G7'(%3+'(+"5%"\+*"6.37')(%-)%;7'"0-.B+&(."*+"&%0%&)(%&)2'"B"/+,()2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,"+'"+5"[+(E';"]7%(+3%5%l".-)+'(%*."%"5%"0-+>+'&)2'"*+")'&+'*).,B"+'"5%"u.'%"*+5"V%G."$+30%;"+'"I5"Y%5>%*.-l"1.&%5)H%*."+'",),(+3%,"*+"%5+-(%"(+30-%'%?"F%"*+,%--.55%*."7'%0-.07+,(%"*+"0-.B+&(.",.8-+"@+*)*%,"*+"@+G.-%3)+'(."*+"a)>)+'*%,"B"S-8%'),3."&.3."0%-(+"*+" 5%"]+,()2'$.&%5"*+5"\)+,/."+'"]7%(+3%5%?

Z L`.-./%'()'2+5/3#+'45&%/.3%".#+'()' *%'D#&.+.9/'65"#1)%" RI6FpX;" )3075,%"*+,*+"#99d;"+5"[-./-%3%"*+[-+0%-%()>.,"*+"N+,%,(-+,"*+"5%"6.3),)2'"I7-.0+%"RNM[I6Fp"0.-",7,",)/5%,"+'")'/5+,X"(%'(."+'"+5"6%-)8+"&.3.+'"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5?"W)+'+"7'%"-+0-+,+'(%&)2'",78-+/).'%5"+'"T)&%-%/7%"B".(-%"+'"5%"\+0^85)&%"N.3)')&%'%?"F%(-%8%G%*."0-)'&)0%53+'(+"+'"0-.B+&(.,"*+"%5+-(%" (+30-%'%"B"05%'+,"*+"0-+0%-%&)2'"0+-."4%" )*." )'(+/-%'*." 5%*)3+',)2'"*+"5%">75'+-%8)5)*%*"B"5%"+,()375%&)2'"*+"3+*)*%,"*+"3)()/%&)2'?"6%'%5)H%",7"(-%8%G."%"(-%>E,"*+"pT],+7-.0+%,"."*+".-/%'),3.,"<7+"()+'+'",7,&-)(.,"&.'>+').,"&.'"5%"S')2'"I7-.0+%?

@\ L`.-./%'1%"%')*':)+%""#**#' 7/3)"/%-.#/%*'N' *%'L`.-./%'1%"%'2+.+3)/-.%'()':)+%+3")+')/')*'6R3"%/q)"#'()*?#>.)"/#'()'6+3%(#+'0/.(#+"RJMN!pfNJX;"()+'+"0-+,+'&)%"+'"+5"6%-)8+"B"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5?"J0.B%"0-./-%3%,+'" 5%," 1%,+," 0-+>)%," B" 0.,(+-).-+," %" 5.," *+,%,(-+,?" 6.5%8.-%" &.'" +5" 0-./-%3%" *+" M')&)%()>%" *+" @)()/%&)2'" *+J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"%"(-%>E,"*+".-/%')H%&).'+,"&.3."6J\I;"5%"6-7H"\.G%"M'(+-'%&).'%5;"6%(4.5)&"\+5)+1"Y+->)&+,"B6.-0.-%(+"F.7,)'/"f7'*%().'?"I5"0-./-%3%"")'&.-0.-%"(-+,"."3A,"0%=,+,"%1+&(%*.,"0.-"+5"47-%&A'"@)(&4;"4%&)+'*.E'1%,)," +'" 5%" -+*7&&)2'" *+5" -)+,/." +'" +5" A38)(." 5.&%5?" I'" +5" 6%-)8+" %0.B%" 7'" 0-./-%3%" *+" &%0%&)(%&)2'" *+&%0%&)(%*.-+," +'" +5" 3%'+G." *+" *+,%,(-+," B" 7'%" ,+-)+" *+" 0-.B+&(.," +'" 5.," (+3%," *+" -)+,/." ,=,3)&." +4)*-.3+(+.-.52/)&.?

Page 44: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"c#"!

@@ L"$%/.M%-.9/'()'*#+'6+3%(#+'2&)".-%/#+"Rp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

@Q 6*'D)/3"#'8)$.#/%*'()'7/`#"&%-.9/'+#>")':)+%+3")+"R6\MNX"B"5%"8)('D%".>)p%'()'7/`#"&%-.9/')/':)+%+3")+'R6J\NMT0.-",7,",)/5%,"+'")'/5+,X",.'"*.,"&+'(-.,"-+/).'%5+,"*+")'1.-3%&)2'"<7+",+"+,0+&)%5)H%'"+'"(.*.,"5.,"(+3%,"-+5%&).'%*.,&.'"*+,%,(-+,?"I5"6\MN"+,"7'"0-.B+&(."<7+"0-.37+>+'">%-)%,".-/%')H%&).'+,"+,0+&)%5)H%*%,"+'"*+,%,(-+,"&.3."5%"IM\N;5%"p[Y;"6I[\INITJ6;"6TI;"Mf\6;"@Yf;"B".(-%,;"0+-."<7+"+,(A"8%G."5%"*)-+&&)2'"*+"5%"IM\N"&.'"7'"17+-(+"%0.B."*+"5%p[Y?"Y7-/)2"*+"7'%")')&)%()>%""*+"" 5%"p[Y"*+'.3)'%*%"6+'(-."*+"N.&73+'(%&)2'"+'"N+,%,(-+,"<7+"+>.57&).'2"*+"7'0-.B+&(." '%&).'%5" %" 7'." -+/).'%5?" I," 7'" &+'(-." +,0+&)%5)H%*." B" 7'%" >%5).,%" 4+--%3)+'(%" <7+" &7+'(%" &.'" 7'%" %305)%&.8+-(7-%"B"7'",)'"'^3+-."*+"*.&73+'(.,;")'1.-3%&)2'"B"0785)&%&).'+,"*+"*)>+-,%,"*),&)05)'%,"<7+"(-%8%G%'"+'"5%"-+*7&&)2'*+5"-)+,/.?"W%38)E'"8-)'*%"%,+,.-=%"B"%,),(+'&)%"(E&')&%"&.'"-+&.'.&)3)+'(."+'"+5"A38)(."37'*)%5"B"+,"%&&+,)85+"0%-%"(.*%0+-,.'%"<7+"'+&+,)(+")'1.-3%&)2'?"I,(A"78)&%*."+'"Y%'"t.,E;"6.,(%"\)&%;"+'"5%,")',(%5%&).'+,"*+"5%"6TI?"I5"6J\NMT;"+,7'%")')&)%()>%"<7+",7-/)2"0.-")'157+'&)%"*+5"6\MN"B"5%"0-.3.&)2'"*+"6NI\J"+'"+5"%L."#999?"67+'(%"&.'"+5"%0.B."1)'%'&)+-.*+"I6Fp"B"4%",)*."78)&%*."+'"5%"S')>+-,)*%*"*+"5%,"M'*)%,"p-)+'(%5+,;"+'"t%3%)&%?

@T B%/-#'V5/(.%*"RV@X"%0.B%"0-.B+&(.,"B"0-./-%3%,"0%-%"T)&%-%/7%"B"F.'*7-%,"+'"+5"1.-(%5+&)3)+'(."*+5",+&(.-"37')&)0%5;+'"&%0%&)*%*+,"0%-%"5%"/+,()2'"*+5"-)+,/.;"7,."*+5",7+5."B"0-.&+*)3)+'(.,"0%-%"%'A5),),"*+"%3+'%H%,"B"1.-(%5+&)3)+'(."*+5%".-/%')H%&)2'"*+",),(+3%,"'%&).'%5+,"*+"-+*7&&)2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,?

@b 2$)/-.%'W5.M%'1%"%'*%'D##1)"%-.9/'7/3)"/%-.#/%*'R6pYSNIX?"N+,07E,"*+5"@)(&4"4%"+,(%85+&)*."7'%"'7+>%"5='+%"*+&..0+-%&)2'"+'"%0.B."%"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"%"(-%>E,"*+"5%"N)>),)2'"*+"J,),(+'&)%"F73%')(%-)%?"S'"0-./-%3%"0%-%"5%"-+*7&&)2'*+"*+,%,(-+,",+"*+,%--.55%-A"*7-%'(+"#999!QCCb"%0.B%'*."%"F.'*7-%,;"T)&%-%/7%"B"I5"Y%5>%*.-"<7+"&.'(+305%"5%"1.-3%&)2'*+"&%0%&)*%*+,;"3%0+."*+"%3+'%H%,"B"1.-(%5+&)3)+'(.")',()(7&).'%5?

@e L3"%+'2$)/-.%+P"$%"J/+'&)%"Y7+&%"0%-%"+5"N+,%--.55."M'(+-'%&).'%5"RJYNMX;"5%"J/+'&)%"T.-7+/%"RTp\JNX;"5%"J/+'&)%N%'+,%"RNJTMNJX"B".(-%,"&.3."5%"*+"t%02'"B"[%=,+,"V%G.,""()+'+'"7'"0%0+5"*+"%0.B."+'"0-./-%3%,"0%-%"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+5-)+,/.?"JYNM"4%"G7/%*."7'"0%0+5"0-.(%/2')&."B"+,(-%(E/)&."+'"+5"%0.B."B"1.-(%5+&)3)+'(.""%"6I[\INITJ6?

@i 8)('D#&5/.3%".%'()'2&Y".-%'D)/3"%*'1%"%'*%'?)+3.9/'()*'8.)+$#" R\+*"6.37')(%-)%XP"+,"7'%" )',(%'&)%"1.-3%*%"0.-&.37')*%*+," B" 0+-,.'%," *+" 6.,(%" \)&%;" T)&%-%/7%;" F.'*7-%,;" I5" Y%5>%*.-" B" ]7%(+3%5%?" f7+" 7'%" *+" 5%," 0-)3+-%,.-/%')H%&).'+,"<7+"0-.3.>)2"5%"/+,()2'"*+5"-)+,/."+'"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,"%0.B%*%"0.-"6I[\INITJ6;"5%"]Wu"BIM\N?"I5"̂ ')&."+,17+-H."+,0+&=1)&.",.8-+"+5"(+3%"B"+5"*+-+&4."473%'."%"5%">)>)+'*%"+'"5%"-+/)2'"17+"G7,(%3+'(+"&.'>.&%*.B".-/%')H%*."0.-"5%"\+*"6.37')(%-)%?"N+,%--.552"7'"0-./-%3%"*+"&%0%&)(%&)2'"&.37')(%-)%">%5)*%*."+'"(-%8%G.,"&.'G7'(.,&.'"5%"]Wu"+'"I5"Y%5>%*.-"B"]7%(+3%5%?"[-.37+>+"7'"0-.B+&(."*+"%5+-(%"(+30-%'%"+'"&.37')*%*+,"*+5"V%G."$+30%"+'I5"Y%5>%*.-"B"7'"0-./-%3%"0%-%"5%"-+*7&&)2'"B"0-+>+'&)2'"*+")'&+'*).,"+'"I5"[+(E';"]7%(+3%5%?"I,"G7,(%3+'(+"+'"+,(.,*.,"0%=,+,"*.'*+"+,(%".-/%')H%&)2'"()+'+",7,"1.-(%5+H%,"+'"5%"%&(7%5)*%*?

@k ]")/3)'D#/3./)/3%*'()'L"$%/.M%-.#/)+'D#&5/.3%".%+;"Rf6p6X;"+,"7'%".-/%')H%&)2'"*+"3.>)3)+'(.,"&.37')(%-).,"<7+()+'+"3)+38-.,"+'"&%,)"(.*.,"5.,"0%=,+,"*+5"&.'()'+'(+"B"7'."*+"5.,",.&).,"*+"5%"p1)&)'%"\+/).'%5"*+""ST!FJVMWJW"+'"\=.*+"t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

Page 45: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"cQ"!

@r ])()"%-.9/'()'V5/.-.1.#+'()*' 7+3&#'D)/3"#%&)".-%/#" RfI@M6JX"B"D%".>>)%/'2++#-.%3.#/'#`'I#-%*'?#U)"/&)/3253n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l+'"[%'%3A"&.3+'H2"+5"[-.B+&(."*+"\+*7&&)2'"*+5"\)+,/."+'"5%"[+'=',75%"*+5"N%-)E';"(-%8%G%'*."&.'"37')&)0%5)*%*+,"B&.37')*%*+,l"+'"I5"Y%5>%*.-"%0.B%"&.'"7'"0-./-%3%"%">%-)%,".-/%')H%&).'+,")'(+-+,%*%,"+'"5%"0-.3.&)2'"*+"%&()>)*%*+,0%-%"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+5"-)+,/.?

QC I'"+5"&%30."*+"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,"B"5%">)>)+'*%"'.,"+'&.'(-%3.,"&.'"5%"8)5/.9/'8)$.#/%*'()'V./.+3"#+'N253#".(%()+'VSR.&%+'()*'W)-3#"'H.U.)/(%'N'0">%/.+&#'()'2&Y".-%'I%3./%'N')*'D%".>)" R@MTS\aMX;"B"+5"D#/+)q#D)/3"#%&)".-%/#'()'*%'H.U.)/(%'N'2+)/3%&.)/3#+'45&%/#+"R66aJFX?"I,(%,"*.,")',(%'&)%,")'(-.*7G+-.'"5%"-+*7&&)2'*+"5%">75'+-%8)5)*%*"+'",7,".8G+()>.,"*+"(-%8%G."B"*+,%--.55%-.'"7'%")30.-(%'(+"5%8.-"+'"5%"/+,()2'"*+5"4A8)(%(;"0-)'&)0%53+'(++'" 5.,"0-+0%-%()>.,"*+" 5%"6738-+"*+"I,(%3875;"W7-<7=%"RF%8)(%(" MMX"+'"#99:?"I5"66aJF"4%" )'(+'(%*." 5%"0-.3.&)2'"*+0-./-%3%,"*+"-+*7&&)2'"*+5"-)+,/."G7'(."&.'"[TS@J;"fI@M6J"B".-/%')H%&).'+,"&.37')(%-)%,?

Q@ L3"%+'#"$%/.M%-.#/)+?"I,"'+&+,%-)."*+,(%&%-"+5"0%0+5"<7+"4%'"G7/%*."5%,"pT]P,")'(+-'%&).'%5+,"B""*+"5.,"0%=,+,"*+"5%-+/)2'l" .-/%')H%&).'+," *+" 5%" ,.&)+*%*" &)>)5" ;" %5&%5*=%," B" " 5%" &.37')*%*" +'" /+'+-%5" +'" 5%" /+,()2'" *+5" -)+,/.?" Y+" *+8+*+,(%&%-"5%,"%&&).'+,"<7+"-+%5)H%"5%"&.37')*%*"&)+'(=1)&%"*+"7')>+-,)*%*+,"+")',()(7(.,"&.3."paYM6p\M;"5%"S')>+-,)*%*T%&).'%5"B"5%"S')>+-,)*%*"*+"6.,(%"\)&%;"+'"+5"3),3."0%=,l"MTIWI\"B"5%"S')>+-,)*%*"T%&).'%5"J7(2'.3%;"+'"T)&%-%/7%l5%"S')>+-,)*%*"*+5"a%55+"B"5%"S')>+-,)*%*"*+"Y%'"6%-5.,;"+'"]7%(+3%5%l"W4+"S')>+-,)(B".1"i+,("M'*)+,"B"5%"S')>+-,)(B".1W+&4'.5./B"+'"t%3%)&%l"5%"Y.&)+*%*"678%'%"*+"@+*)&)'%"a+(+-)'%-)%"0%-%"&%,.,"*+"N+,%,(-+,;"+5"6+'(-."T%&).'%5"0%-%"5%[-+>+'&)2'"B"@)()/%&)2'"*+"N+,%,(-+,"R[\I@MNIYX;"+5"6+'(-."$%()'.%3+-)&%'."*+"@+*)&)'%"+'"N+,%,(-+,"B"5%"S')>+-,)*%**+"p-)+'(+"+'"678%?" M/7%53+'(+" ",+"*+8+"3+'&).'%-" 5%"&.'()'7%" 5%8.-"*+"@E*)&.,",)'"f-.'(+-%,;"a),)2'"@7'*)%5;"B"+5(-%8%G." <7+" -+%5)H%" 5%" J,.&)%&)2'" N.3)')&%'%" *+" @)()/%&)2'" *+" N+,%,(-+,?" S'" ,)'" '^3+-." *+" %&()>)*%*+," -+/).'%5+,;'%&).'%5+,"B"5.&%5+,"<7+"-+<7)+-+'"*+"7'"+,(7*)."%0%-(+"0%-%"+'(+'*+-"5%"-+*"*+"+,17+-H.,"<7+"4%B"*+(-A,"*+"5%"57&4%"0.--+*7&)-"5.,"+1+&(.,"'+/%()>.,"*+"5.,"1+'23+'.,"'%(7-%5+,?

Page 46: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"cb"!

iA@'86]I6c7L,6W'?6,682I6W

q D")-.&.)/3#'1#>*%-.#/%*'N'5">%/.M%-.9/?"I5"&-+&)3)+'(."0.85%&).'%5"B"+5"0-.&+,."*+"7-8%')H%&)2'"'."&.'(-)87B+';"0.-",=3),3.,;"%")'&-+3+'(%-"+5"-)+,/.?"$%"0.85%&)2'"+,""+5"&+'(-."B"+5"07'(."*+"0%-()*%"*+5"*+,%--.55.",.,(+')85+"B"+,"+5"-+&7-,.3A,")30.-(%'(+"&.'"<7+"&7+'(%'"5%,"'%&).'+,"0%-%"%>%'H%-"4%&)%"1.-3%,"3A,"&7%5)(%()>%,"*+".-/%')H%&)2'",.&)%5;"0-.*7&&)2'B" *+,%--.55." 473%'.?" I5" " 0-.85+3%" -+,75(%" " *+5" &-+&)3)+'(." 7-8%'." B" 0.85%&).'%5" " ,)'" 05%')1)&%&)2';" +'" ,.&)+*%*+,*+0+'*)+'(+,"B"1-A/)5+,;"<7+"'."07+*+'""%*+&7%-,+"%"5%,"(+'*+'&)%,"%&(7%5+,"B"<7+"&%-+&+'"*+"-+&7-,.,;">.57'(%*"0.5=()&%B"&%0%&)*%*+,"0%-%"(-%',1.-3%-"+'">+'(%G%,"B".0.-(7')*%*+,""+5""0-.&+,."*+"7-8%')H%&)2'?

q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

q I%' 1#>")M%' N' *%' ./)O5.(%(?" $%" 0.8-+H%" +," 7'." *+" 5.," 1%&(.-+," <7+" )'&)*+" '+/%()>%3+'(+" +'" 5%," &.'*)&).'+," *+>75'+-%8)5)*%*?"$%")'+<7)*%*""%&+'(^%""*),0%-)*%*+,""-+15+G%*%,"+'"5%,"&.'*)&).'+,"*+">)*%"*+"5.,"3A,"0.8-+,?"$.,"/-70.,*+"8%G.,")'/-+,.,"()+'*+'"%">)>)-"+'"57/%-+,"3%5"05%')1)&%*.,;"3%-/)'%5+,"B"+'"&.'*)&).'+,"*+">)*%"0-+&%-)%,?"$%">75'+-%8)5)*%*%'(+"1+'23+'.,"'%(7-%5+,"."&%7,%*.,"0.-"+5"4.38-+"",+")'&-+3+'(%""+'"+,(.,"/-70.,?

q 6*'()+%""#**#'N')*'&)(.#'%&>.)/3)?"I5" )30%&(."'+/%()>." "*+",),(+3%,"*+"*+,%--.55."'.",.,(+')85+," "'.",25."0-.*7&+&.'(%3)'%&)2';"&%38).,"&5)3A()&.,"%"+,&%5%"37'*)%5;"3%B.-"-+&7--+'&)%"*+"1+'23+'.,"4)*-.3+(+.-.52/)&.,;"*+8)5)*%*"+'5.,"+&.,),(+3%,"0%-%",.0.-(%-"5.,"+1+&(.,"*+"5.,"1+'23+'.,"'%(7-%5+,"B"7'%"3%B.-">75'+-%8)5)*%*;"/+'+-%""(%38)E'""7'&)&5.">)&).,."+'"+5"&7%5"+5"3+*)."%38)+'(+"*+(+-).-%*."%&-+&)+'(%"+5""+1+&(."*+"7'"1+'23+'."'%(7-%5"B"*%L%"%^'"3A,"+,(+%38)+'(+"B%"*+(+-).-%*."0-+>)%3+'(+?

q 6*'-%"S-3)"'+#-.%*'()' *#+'()+%+3")+?" $.,"*+,%,(-+," ,.'"%&.'(+&)3)+'(.,"<7+" (-%,(.-'%'"'7+,(-%," >)*%," B" 5)3)(%'" 5%,0.,)8)5)*%*+,"*+"%>%'H%-"4%&)%"+5"*+,%--.55.?"I5"*+,%,(-+",+"&.',(-7B+",.&)%53+'(+;"B%"<7+"+5"")30%&(."*+"7'%"%3+'%H%,+"%&-+&)+'(%"."*),3)'7B+""&.'"5%")'&)*+'&)%"<7+"&%7,%"+5",+-"473%'."+'"+5"3+*)."1=,)&."."'%(7-%5?"$%">75'+-%8)5)*%*"+,*)-+&(%3+'(+"*+0+'*)+'(+"*+"5%"%&()>)*%*"473%'%"B;"0.-"5."(%'(.;"+,(A"+'",7,""3%'.,",7")'&-+3+'(."."-+*7&&)2'?

q I%'1")U)/-.9/='%--.9/'-#/3./5%')/')*'-.-*#'()*'()+%+3")A"I,"'+&+,%-)."&.',)*+-%-"+'"5%"/+,()2'"+'"&%,."*+"*+,%,(-+,<7+;"+'"&7%5<7)+-"1%,+""*+5"&)&5."*+5"*+,%,(-+;",+%"%'(+,;"*7-%'(+"."*+,07E,;"5.,"&-)(+-).,"*+"5%"0-+>+'&)2';"5%"3)()/%&)2'"B5%"0-+0%-%&)2'"*+8+'"+,(%-",)+30-+"0-+,+'(+,?

,+0')483AFE9486E

Page 47: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"cc"!

iAQ'K6,:6,D72W'6,'I2'86?7E,

q :.`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

q I#+'f1)O5)p#+'()+%+3")+oA" $%" -+/)2'"+,"0-.0+',%"%"0+<7+L.,"+>+'(.,"*+,(-7&()>.," R*+,5)H%3)+'(.,;" )'7'*%&).'+,;*+--738+,;"+(&?X"*+"&%-A&(+-"-+&7--+'(+;"<7+"%1+&(%'"%"7'"8%--).;"7'"+,0%&)."/+./-A1)&."-+*7&)*."."%"7'%"."0.&%,"1%3)5)%,B"<7+"'.",.'".1)&)%53+'(+"&.',)*+-%*.,"&.3."*+,%,(-+,;" "0+-."<7+",73%*.," ()+'+'"7'" )30%&(." (%'",+>+-."&.3." 5.,55%3%*.,"/-%'*+,"*+,%,(-+,?"I,(.,"%&.'(+&)3)+'(.,"3+'.-+,",.'"0.-"5."/+'+-%5"5%"%5+-(%"*+".&7--+'&)%"*+"17(7-.,"+>+'(.,*+"/-%'*+,"0-.0.-&).'+,?

q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

I#+'3)"")&#3#+'N'*#+'`)/9&)/#+'n.("#&)3)#"#*9$.-#+A"J"*)1+-+'&)%"*+"5%"(+'*+'&)%"37'*)%5;"5.,"(+--+3.(.,"4%'",)*.5.," 1+'23+'.,"<7+"3%B.-"*%L."4%'"&%7,%*." "+'"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5;" B%"<7+"+,(.,"%1+&(%'" " 5%," H.'%,"3A,"0.85%*%," B>75'+-%85+,"*+5" M,(3.?"$.," 1+'23+'.,"4)*-.3+(+.-.52/)&.,",.'"3A,",+>+-.,"+'"+5"6%-)8+?"I'" 5.,"^5()3.,"%L.,"+,(.,1+'23+'.,"4%'",)*."3A,")'(+',.,"<7+"+'"E0.&%,"0%,%*%,"B"37+,(-%'"7'%"(+'*+'&)%"*+"%&-+&+'(%-",7")'(+',)*%*;")30%&(.B""-+&7--+'&)%?

q 6*' D%".>)=' 5/%' M#/%' )R-*5.(%A' Y+/^'" 6I[\INITJ6;" +'" 5%" %&(7%5)*%*" '." +K),(+'" 0-.B+&(.," *+" 3+*)%'%" 3%/')(7**+,()'%*.," %" (-%8%G%-" +'" 5%" -+*7&&)2'" B" 3)()/%&)2'" *+" 5.," *+,%,(-+," <7+" %1+&(%'" 5%" H.'%" &%-)8+L%" *+5" M,(3.?" IK),(+'%5/7'.,"+,17+-H.,"3+'.-+,"B"07'(7%5+,"*+,%--.55%*.,"0.-"pT],"B"%5/7'%,"J/+'&)%,"M'(+-'%&).'%5+,;"0+-.",7"0-+,+'&)%%^'"'."+,"*+">+-*%*+-%")'&)*+'&)%?

q 8)+15)+3%'U)"+5+'!")U)/-.9/?"J")')&).,"*+"5.,"%L.,"#99C;""5.,"0%=,+,"*+"5%"-+/)2'"&.'(%8%'"&.'"+,(-7&(7-%,"*+"+3+-/+'&)%&..-*)'%*%,""%"(-%>E,"*+"5.,".-/%'),3.,"*+"*+1+',%"&)>)5?"[%-%5+5%3+'(+"%"+,(%,")',(%'&)%,"4%8=%"0-+,+'&)%"*+".-/%'),3.,'."/78+-'%3+'(%5+,;".-/%'),3.,"*+5",),(+3%"*+"T%&).'+,"S')*%,"B"*+"5%"&..0+-%&)2'")'(+-'%&).'%5"<7+".-)+'(%8%'",7,%&&).'+,"%"5%"-+,07+,(%"B"%"5%"%B7*%"473%')(%-)%?"I,(%"(+'*+'&)%"+,(A"&%38)%'*."+'"5.,"^5()3.,"%L.,"B"B%",+"0+-&)8+"7'%3%B.-"%&&)2'"+'"5%,"A-+%,"*+"0-+>+'&)2'?"Y)'"+38%-/.;"+5"%0.B."+'"+5"05%'."5.&%5;"37')&)0%5;"+'"(%-+%,"*+"+>%57%&)2'"*+-)+,/."B"5%"0-+0%-%&)2'"*+"05%'+,"0%-%"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+"-)+,/."&.3."0%-(+"*+"5%"/+,()2'"5.&%5;"(.*%>=%"'+&+,)(%'"*+,%--.55%-,+&.'"3%B.-")'(+',)*%*?

iAT'!87,D7!2I6W'IL?8LW'G'2H2,D6W

q 4%-.%'5/%'-5*35"%'()'1")U)/-.9/A"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"B"+5"6%-)8+"4%'"%>%'H%*.",)/')1)&%()>%3+'(+"+'"5%"(.3%"*+"&.'&)+'&)%B"0+-&+0&)2'"*+5"-)+,/.?"$%"0-.&5%3%&)2'"*+5"N+&+')."M'(+-'%&).'%5"0%-%"5%"\+*7&&)2'"*+"5.,"N+,%,(-+,"T%(7-%5+,"RNM\NTX+'"5%"*E&%*%"*+"#99C!#999;"0.-"5%"J,%385+%"]+'+-%5"*+"5%,"T%&).'+,"S')*%,;"B"+5"0.,(+-).-"+,(%85+&)3)+'(.;"+'"QCC#;"*+

Page 48: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"cO"!

5%"I,(-%(+/)%"M'(+-'%&).'%5"0%-%"5%"\+*7&&)2'"*+"N+,%,(-+,"RIM\NX"4%",)*."7'."*+"5.,"0-)'&)0%5+,"1%&(.-+,"+'"5%"0-.3.&)2'*+"7'%"&75(7-%"*+"0-+>+'&)2'"+'"5%"-+/)2'"*+"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"B"+5"6%-)8+?

q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

q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

q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

iAb !87,D7!2I6W':6B7I7:2:6W'6,'I2'86?7E,

q 6*'".)+$#'N')*'()+%""#**#'+#+3)/.>*)A"J"0+,%-"*+"5.,")30.-(%'(+,"5./-.,"<7+",+"4%'"*%*."+'"5%"-+/)2';"%^'"1%5(%"(-%8%G.0.-"4%&+-"+'"&7%'(."%"5%",+/7-)*%*"*+"5%,"0+-,.'%,"B"*+"5.,"8)+'+,"3%(+-)%5+,l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

q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

q I%' #"$%/.M%-.9/' -#&5/.3%".%' )/' *#+' 1"#N)-3#+A" " J" 3+'7*.;" " 5.," 0-.B+&(.," <7+" 0-.37+>+'" 5%" 0%-()&)0%&)2'" *+.-/%')H%&).'+,"*+"5%",.&)+*%*"&)>)5"()+'*+'"%"&-+%-")',(%'&)%,"B".-/%')H%&).'+,"*+,()'%*%,"%"(-%8%G%-"+,0+&=1)&%3+'(+"+'+5"0-.B+&(.;",)'"&.'(+305%-"."0.(+'&)%-"5%,".-/%')H%&).'+,",.&)%5+,"+K),(+'(+,"+'"+5"(+--)(.-).?"I55.""()+'*+"%",7,()(7)-"5%,&%0%&)*%*+,"B"5%"/+,()2'"*+"5%"&.37')*%*"%5"&-+%-")',(%'&)%,"0%-%5+5%,"B"*+,()'%*%,",.5%3+'(+"%"5%",.57&)2'"*+"7'."*+"5.,

Page 49: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"c:"!

(%'(.,"0-.85+3%,"<7+"%1+&(%'"%"5%,"&.37')*%*+,?"I5"(-%8%G."&.37')(%-)."+'"5%"/+,()2'"5.&%5"*+5"-)+,/."0.*-=%".-)+'(%-,+"%&-+%-",)'+-/)%;"%"(-%>E,"*+5"1.-(%5+&)3)+'(."*+"5%,"&%0%&)*%*+,"*+"5%"0.85%&)2'"0%-%"+'1-+'(%-".(-.,"0-.85+3%,"<7+"%<7+G%',7"+'(.-'.?

iAe :6B7I7:2:6W''6,'6I'W6DKL8'H7H76,:2

q :)>.*.(%(')+3"5-35"%*'()*'W)-3#"A""a%-).,"*+"5.,"0%=,+,"*+"5%"-+/)2'"-+<7)+-+'"-+1.-H%-"5%,")',()(7&).'+,"-+,0.',%85+,"*+5,+&(.-"*+"5%">)>)+'*%"B"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,?"@7&4%,"*+"+,(%,")',()(7&).'+,"&%-+&+'"*+"-+&7-,.,"473%'.,;"(E&')&.,B"+&.'23)&.,"0%-%"*%-",+/7)3)+'(."+")305+3+'(%-"'.-3%,;"05%'+,"*+"*+,%--.55."B"*+".-*+'%3)+'(."*+5"(+--)(.-).;"%,="&.3.0%-%"&.'(-.5%-"+5"&-+&)3)+'(."7-8%'."B"0%-%"0-+>+')-"5%"78)&%&)2'"*+"5%"0.85%&)2'"+'"H.'%,"*+"%5(."-)+,/.?

q D##"(./%-.9/' ()' )+3"%3)$.%+' -#/q5/3%+A'p-/%'),3.," )'(+-'%&).'%5+,;" -+/).'%5+,;" '%&).'%5+," B" *+" T%&).'+," S')*%,+,(A'"0-.3.>)+'*.">%-)%*%,"%&&).'+,"*+"%5&%'&+"5.&%5;"37')&)0%5;"'%&).'%5"."-+/).'%5"*+,()'%*%,"%"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+"5.,*+,%,(-+,?"I,"'+&+,%-).""/+'+-%-"0-.&+,.,"*+"&..-*)'%&)2'"+'"5%"-+/)2'"0%-%"5%"+G+&7&)2'"*+"%&()>)*%*+,;"0%-()&75%-3+'(++'"+5"A38)(."5.&%5?

iAi 86DLV6,:2D7L,6W

I5"-A0)*."%'A5),),"*+"5%",)(7%&)2'"+'"5%"-+/)2'")'*)&%"<7+"%5/7'%,"%&&).'+,"0.*-=%'",+-"*+"7()5)*%*"0%-%"-+1.-H%-"5%,"(%-+%,"*++>%57%&)2'"*+"-)+,/.,;" " 5%" 1.-375%&)2'"*+"+,(-%(+/)%,"0%-%",7"-+*7&&)2';"B"0%-%" 5%"/+,()2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,"+'"+5"A38)(." 5.&%5?J5/7'%,"*+"+55%,",+"0-+,+'(%'"%"&.'()'7%&)2'"&.3."7'%"&.'(-)87&)2'"%5"*+8%(+"+'"+,(%"3%(+-)%P

iAiA@ !*%/.`.-%-.9/'N'n)""%&.)/3%+'1%"%'*%'3#&%'()'()-.+.#/)+

@A V%1%+'()'8.)+$#A'"I5%8.-%&)2'"*+"3%0%,""<7+"0+-3)(%'"&%-(./-%1)%-"5.,"1%&(.-+,"<7+"0.(+'&)%'"+5"-)+,/."B"+'"5.,"&7%5+,,+"*+8+'" )*+'()1)&%-" " 5%,"%3+'%H%,"'%(7-%5+,"."%'(-20)&%,"<7+"+K),(+'",.8-+"7'"*+(+-3)'%*."(+--)(.-).;" 5.," 1%&(.-+,"*+>75'+-%8)5)*%*"B"5%"-+5%&)2'"*)-+&(%3+'(+"0-.0.-&).'%5"+'(-+"%38.,?"$%,"&%0%&)*%*+,"5.&%5+,"B"*+"%7(./+,()2'"*+8+'",+-0-).-)(%-)%3+'(+"%'%5)H%*%,"&.3."5.,"-+&7-,.,""0-)'&)0%5+,"&.'"<7+",+"&7+'(%"+'"5%"%&(7%5)*%*"0%-%"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+5"-)+,/.?

QA !*%/)+'()'#"()/%&.)/3#'5">%/#A'I5%8.-%&)2'"*+"05%'+,"<7+"0+-3)(%'"-+/75%-"+5"7,."*+5",7+5."7-8%'.;"*+(+&(%-"5%"H.'%*+"3%B.-"-)+,/."0%-%"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,;"78)&%-"H.'%,"%0(%,"0%-%"5%"7-8%')H%&)2'"B"05%')1)&%-"+5"&-+&)3)+'(."B".-*+'%3)+'(.*+"5%,"&)7*%*+,"B"37')&)0).,?"I,"7'%"4+--%3)+'(%"+,+'&)%5"0%-%"5%"(.3%"*+"*+&),).'+,"<7+"07+*+"/%-%'()H%-"5%",+/7-)*%**+"5%"78)&%&)2'"*+"5%,">)>)+'*%,;""8%--).,;"5='+%,">)(%5+,;"+*)1)&).,"+,(-%(E/)&.,"B"%&()>)*%*+,")'*7,(-)%5+,?

TA !*%/)+'()'#"()/%&.)/3#'3)"".3#".%*A'I'(+'*)+'*."+,(.,"&.3."5%"0-.B+&&)2'"+,0%&)%5"*+"5%,"0.5=()&%,",.&)%5+,;"+&.'23)&%,B"%38)+'(%5+,"*+5"*+,%--.55.;"%,="&.3."5.,"*)1+-+'(+,")',(-73+'(.,"*+"05%')1)&%&)2';"3+&%'),3.,"*+"&.'(-.5"B"*+",+/7)3)+'(.<7+"1%&)5)(+'"+5"7,."%0-.0)%*."*+5",7+5."B"5%"-+/75%&)2'"*+"5%">)*%"+&.'23)&%"B",.&)%5"*+"5%"&.37')*%*?

bA 6*%>#"%-.9/' ()' 1*%/)+' *#-%*)+' ()' ")(5--.9/' ()*' ".)+$#' N' $)+3.9/' ()' *%' )&)"$)/-.%A' I'" +,(.," ,+" *+8+'" *+1)')-&5%-%3+'(+"+5"0%0+5;"5%,"-+,0.',%8)5)*%*+,;"5.,"-+&7-,.,;"5.,"%0.-(+,"B"5%,"%(-)87&).'+,"*+"(.*.,"5.,"%&(.-+,"&.30-.3+()*.,&.'"+5"*+,%--.55."5.&%5"B"5%"/+,()2'"*+5"-)+,/.?"N+8+"0-)>)5+/)%-,+"5%"0%-()&)0%&)2'"+1+&()>%"B"*+")'&)*+'&)%"-+%5"*+"5%"&.37')*%*+'"5%"+5%8.-%&)2'"*+"+,(.,"05%'+,?

Page 50: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"ce"!

iAiAQ'D%1%-.3%-.9/'N'`#"&%-.9/

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

QA D%1%-.3%-.9/')' ./+3"5--.9/' 3Y-/.-%'%'1)"+#/%*'()' *#+'$#>.)"/#+' *#-%*)+A'f.-3%-"%" (E&')&.,"B" 17'&).'%-).,"*+" 5.,/.8)+-'.,"5.&%5+,"B"(+--)(.-)%5+,"+'"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+5"-)+,/."0%-%"<7+"+,(.,"07+*%'"-+%5)H%-",7,"5%8.-+,"&.()*)%'%,;"")'(+/-%'*.5%"/+,()2'"*+5"-)+,/."B"*%-"7'",+/7)3)+'(."%*+&7%*."%"5%,"%&()>)*%*+,"-+5%&).'%*%,"&.'"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,?

TA D%1%-.3%-.9/'N'̀ #"&%-.9/'()'1"#`)+.#/%*)+='3Y-/.-#+'N'#>")"#+'()'*%'-#/+3"5--.9/='.-)+'(%*%"%'"5%"(.3%"*+"&.'&)+'&)%,.8-+"5.,"1%&(.-+,"*+"-)+,/."B"&23.")'&.-0.-%-5.,"+'"+5"*),+L."*+">)>)+'*%,;"+'"5%,"(E&')&%,"B"0-.&+*)3)+'(.,"*+"&.',(-7&&)2';+'"5%"05%')1)&%&)2'"B"78)&%&)2'"*+"5.,"8%--).,"B"5%,">)>)+'*%,;"+'"+5"7,."*+"3%(+-)%5+,"-+,),(+'(+,;"+'"+5"-+,0+(."B"%05)&%&)2'*+"5%,"'.-3%,"&.',(-7&()>%,;"+(&?

bA D%1%-.3%-.9/'()' 3#&%(#")+'()'()-.+.#/)+='3+*)%'(+" 5%"0-.3.&)2'"*+" (%55+-+,;" ,+3)'%-).,;" +'&7+'(-.," B" ,)30.,).,*+,()'%*.," %" ,+',)8)5)H%-;" &%0%&)(%-" B" 1.-3%-" %" 0.5=()&.,;" (.3%*.-+," *+" *+&),).'+,;" +30-+,%-).," *+" 5%" &.',(-7&&)2'" B7-8%')H%*.-+,;"0%-%"<7+"0-.37+>%'"+'",7,"%&()>)*%*+," 5%">%-)%'(+"*+" 5%"/+,()2'"*+5" -)+,/.;" 5%",+/7-)*%*" 1=,)&%"*+" 5%,0+-,.'%,;"5%"05%')1)&%&)2';"+5"-+,0+(."%"'.-3%,"&.',(-7&()>%,"B"5%"&.',(-7&&)2'"*+"%,+'(%3)+'(.,",+/7-.,?

iAiAT'6+35(.#+')'./U)+3.$%-.9/

@A I%'+.35%-.9/'()' *#+'%+)/3%&.)/3#+'n5&%/#+A'[-.3.>+-"+,(7*).,"+" )'>+,()/%&).'+," 5.&%5+,;"'%&).'%5+,"B" -+/).'%5+,*+,()'%*%,"%""%'%5)H%-"5%",)(7%&)2'"*+"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,;"+5"*E1)&)("4%8)(%&).'%5;"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"+'"&.'*)&)2'*+")',+/7-)*%*"+'"5%"(+'+'&)%"B"%<7+55.,"+'"3%B.-"/-%*."*+"-)+,/.?

QA 6+3"%3)$.%+'1%"%'")(5-."')*'".)+$#A'M'&+'()>%-"B"3.()>%-"+5"""*+,%--.55."*+"+,(7*).,;"+,(-%(+/)%,;"0.5=()&%,"B"3%-&.,"*+'.-3%()>.,""*+,()'%*.,"%"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+5"-)+,/."+'"+5"Y+&(.-"a)>)+'*%?

TA 6+35(.#+'3Y-/.-#+A"\+%5)H%-"+,(7*).,""+")'>+,()/%&).'+,"*+,()'%*.,"%"5%"0-.*7&&)2'"*+"3%'7%5+,"*+"*),+L.,"&.',(-7&()>.,;'.-3%,"B"0-%&()&%,"*+"*),+L."7-8%'."B"78)&%&)2'"*+">)>)+'*%,;"/7=%,""*+"3%(+-)%5+,"*+"&.',(-7&&)2'"%*+&7%*.,;"+(&?;"<7+(.3+'"+'"&.',)*+-%&)2'" 5.," 1%&(.-+,"*+"-)+,/."B"07+*%'",+-"7()5)H%*.,"+'" 5%"3+G.-%"*+">)>)+'*%,;",%'+%3)+'(."*+" 5.,%,+'(%3)+'(.,"B"+'"5%,"17(7-%,"&.',(-7&&).'+,"*+">)>)+'*%,"B""'7+>.,"8%--).,?

bA 4)""%&.)/3%+A'N+,%--.55%-"+,(7*).,"*+,()'%*.,"%"5%"0-.*7&&)2'"*+"3+(.*.5./=%,"*+"+>%57%&)2'"*+"5%">75'+-%8)5)*%*"B"*+5%,"%3+'%H%,"+'"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,"<7+"07+*%'",+-""7,%*%,"+'",)(7%&).'+,"'.-3%5+,"B"+'",)(7%&).'+,"*+"&-),),;&.'"+5" 1)'" *+" " &.'(%-" &.'" 5%,"4+--%3)+'(%,"'+&+,%-)%,"0%-%"0.*+-"+>%57%-" 5%" ,)(7%&)2'"*+5" -)+,/."B"0-.0.'+-"3+*)*%,&.--+&()>%,"0-+>)%"B"*+,07E,"*+"7'"*+,%,(-+?

iAiAb''0>.-%-.9/='+%/)%&.)/3#'N'#>"%+'()'1"#3)--.9/'`P+.-%')/'*#+'%+)/3%&.)/3#+

#? $)30)+H%;"3+G.-%3)+'(."B"3%'(+')3)+'(."&.',(%'(+"B"%*+&7%*."*+"5%,"5='+%,">)(%5+,"*+"17'&).'%3)+'(."*+"5%")'1-%+,(-7&(7-%B" ,+->)&).," 0^85)&.,;" *+" 5.," &%7&+," B" *-+'%G+," B" *+" 5%," A-+%," <7+" 07+*+'" (-%',1.-3%-,+" +'" 1.&.," *+" &.'(%3)'%&)2';)'7'*%&)2'"."<7+"-+0-+,+'(+"%5/^'"0+5)/-."0%-%"5%",%57*"B"5%",+/7-)*%*"*+"5%,"0+-,.'%,?

Page 51: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"cd"!

iAiAe'8)`#"M%&.)/3#'N'`#"3%*)-.&.)/3#'./+3.35-.#/%*

#? \+1.-H%3)+'(."(E&')&."B",73)'),(-."*+"-+&7-,.,"'+&+,%-).,"%*+&7%*.,"%" 5%,"37')&)0%5)*%*+,"B".-/%')H%&).'+," 5.&%5+,&.'(-%0%-(+"*+5""0-./-%3%;"0%-%"<7+"07+*%'"+30-+'*+-"%&()>)*%*+,"*+"-+*7&&)2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,?

Q? J0.B."%"5%"&.'1.-3%&)2'"*+"7')*%*+,"(E&')&%,"+'"5.,"/.8)+-'.,"5.&%5+,""0%-%"<7+"-+%5)&+'"+5"&.'(-.5;"",+/7)3)+'(."B""%0.B.%5".-*+'%3)+'(."*+5"(+--)(.-)."B"%5"7,."%*+&7%*."*+5",7+5.l"B"8-)'*+'"%,+,.-=%"%"5%"0.85%&)2'"+'"*),+L.,"&.',(-7&()>.,;""5%%05)&%&)2'"*+"'.-3%,"B"&2*)/.,;""+5"7,."%*+&7%*."*+"3%(+-)%5+,"*+"&.',(-7&&)2';""5%"78)&%&)2'"*+"5%,">)>)+'*%,"B"'7+>%,7-8%')H%&).'+,;"%,="&.3.;"+'"+5",%'+%3)+'(."*+"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"B"+'"5%"0-.3.&)2'"*+"%&&).'+,"*+"0-.(+&&)2'"B"-+*7&&)2'*+"5%">75'+-%8)5)*%*?

b? J0.B."B"1.-(%5+&)3)+'(.")',()(7&).'%5"R(E&')&."B"3%(+-)%5X"%"5%,".-/%')H%&).'+,""&.37')(%-)%,"+'"+5"05%'."5.&%5;"'%&).'%5"B-+/).'%5"0%-%"5%")305+3+'(%&)2'"B"5%"0-.3.&)2'"*+"%&&).'+,"*+,()'%*%,"%"/%-%'()H%-"5%"0%-()&)0%&)2'"*+"5%,"&.37')*%*+,+'"5%"/+,()2'"*+5"-)+,/."B"%"0-.3.>+-",7,"0-.0).,"0-.B+&(.,"+")')&)%()>%,?

iAiAi'7/-.()/-.%')/')*'()+%""#**#'()'1#*P3.-%+'()*'+)-3#"'U.U.)/(%

#? J,+/7-%-"<7+",+")'(+/-+"5%">%-)%85+"-)+,/."B"+5".-*+'%3)+'(."7-8%'."+'"5%,"0.5=()&%,"B"+,(-%(+/)%,"5.&%5+,;"'%&).'%5+,"B-+/).'%5+,;"-+5%&).'%*%,"&.'"+5"Y+&(.-"a)>)+'*%"B"J,+'(%3)+'(.,"F73%'.,?

Q? 6.'(-)87)-" %" 5%" 8^,<7+*%"*+" ,.57&).'+,"<7+"/%-%'()&+'" 5%" 87+'%"/.8+-'%8)5)*%*"7-8%'%"+'"+5" A38)(." 5.&%5" +" )'(+/-+'%&&).'+,"&.'&-+(%,"*+,()'%*%,"%",.57&).'%-"5.,"0-.85+3%,"*+"&.'15)&(."*+"(+'+'&)%")',+/7-%"*+"5%">)>)+'*%?

b? J,+/7-%-"<7+"+'"5%,"*)1+-+'(+,"+,&%5%,"/+./-A1)&%,",+"/%-%'()&+"5%"0%-()&)0%&)2'"%&()>%"*+"5%,"&.37')*%*+,"B"5.,"/.8)+-'.,5.&%5+,"+'"+5"0-.&+,."*+"(.3%"*+"*+&),).'+,"B"+'"5%"%05)&%&)2'"*+"0.5=()&%,"B"+,(-%(+/)%,"*+,()'%*%,"%"5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+5-)+,/.?

c? "[-.3.>+-"5%"&-+%&)2'"B"+5"1.-(%5+&)3)+'(."*+"-+*+,"37')&)0%5+,"B"&.37')(%-)%,"<7+"(-%8%G+'"+'"5%"/+,()2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,"+'5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,?

O? M'&)*)-"+'"5%"0-.3.&)2'"*+"7'%"&75(7-%"*+"0-+>+'&)2'"+'"5.,",+&(.-+,"-+5%&).'%*.,"&.'"5%">)>)+'*%"B"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,?

iAiAk'D##1)"%-.9/'N'-##"(./%-.9/

#? N+,%--.55%-" %&&).'+," *+" )'(+-&%38)." *+" &.'.&)3)+'(.,;" &%0%&)*%*+," B" -+,&%(+" *+" 87+'%," 0-A&()&%," +K),(+'(+," +'" 5.,0%=,+,"*+"5%"-+/)2'?

Q? J0.B." B" %,+,.-=%" %" .-/%'),3.," '." +,0+&)%5)H%*.," <7+" 0-.37+>%'" 0-./-%3%," ." 0-.B+&(.," *+,()'%*.," %" -+*7&)-" 5%>75'+-%8)5)*%*"+'"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,?

b? 6..-*)'%&)2'" *+" %&()>)*%*+," B" 0-.3.&)2'" *+" +,(-%(+/)%," &.'G7'(%," &.'" %/+'&)%," *+" 5%" &..0+-%&)2'" B" *+5" Y),(+3%" *+T%&).'+,"S')*%,"0%-%"3+G.-%-"5%,"&.'*)&).'+,"*+">)*%"+'"5%,"&)7*%*+,?

Page 52: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"c9"!

#? J51.-G%;" #999?" " [-.07+,(%," *+" 5%" ,.&)+*%*" &)>)5" 6+'(-.%3+-)&%'%" 0%-%" 5%" -+&.',(-7&&)2'" B" (-%',1.-3%&)2'" *+" J3E-)&%6+'(-%5;"57+/."*+5"F7-%&A'"@)(&4?

Q? J5(."6.3),).'%*."*+"T%&).'+,"S')*%,"0%-%"5.,"N+-+&4.,"F73%'.,?"I5"N+-+&4."%"7'%"a)>)+'*%"J*+&7%*%;"f.55+(."Tn"Q#;6%30%L%"@7'*)%5"0-."N+-+&4.,"F73%'.,;"R,)'"1+&4%X?

b? J53%'%<7+"@7'*)%5"QCCC"B"QCCQ?c? J,.&)%&)2'"N.3)')&%'%"*+"@)()/%&)2'"*+"N+,%,(-+,;"QCC#?"V.5+(='"TnQ#"B"QQ?O? J,.&)%&)2'"*+"I,(%*.,"6%-)8+L.,"RJI6X;"QCCC?"I'&7+,(%"Y.8-+"5%,"1.-(%5+H%,;"N+8)5)*%*+,;"B"[-.B+&(.,"*+"]+,()2'"*+

N+,%,(-+,"+'"5.,"[%=,+,"*+"5%"JI6;"T)&.5+"@?"i)55)%3,?:? V%'&."@7'*)%5;"QCCQ?"[A/)'%,"i+8?"I5"V%'&."@7'*)%5"+'"5%"\+/)2'"*+"J3+-)&%"$%()'%"B"+5"6%-)8+?e? 6%-)88+%'"N),%,(+-"I3+-/+'&B"\+,0.',+"J/+'&B"R6NI\JX;"QCC#?"W4+"Y(%(7,".1"N),%,(+-,"\+*7&&()2'"M')()%()>+,")'"(4+

6%-)88+%'?d? 6+'(-."*+"\+&7-,.,"0%-%"+5"N+,%--.55."Y.,(+')85+"*+" 5.,"J,+'(%3)+'(.,"F73%'.,"+'"6+'(-.%3E-)&%" R6I\6JX"#99d?

[-.07+,(%"*+"[-.B+&(.P"f.-(%5+&)3)+'(."*+"5%"6%0%&)*%*"*+"]+,()2'"[%-()&)0%()>%"0%-%"5%"\+*7&&)2'"*+"5.,"I1+&(.,"*+"5.,N+,%,(-+,"T%(7-%5+,"B"5%"N+/-%*%&)2'"J38)+'(%5"+'"5.,"J,+'(%3)+'(.,"F73%'.,"*+"5%"\+/)2'"6+'(-.%3+-)&%'%?

9? 6I\6J;"#999?"M305+3+'(%'*."5%"J/+'*%"F%8)(%(;"a)>)+'*%"N)/'%"0%-%"W.*.,;"J-<?"I-)s"a)((-70?#C? 6+'(-+"1.-"\+,+%-&4".'"(4+"I0)*+3).5./B".1"N),%,(+-,"R6\INX;"6%(4.5)&"S')>+-,)(B".1"$.>%)'?"N)%/'2,()&."0-+>)."%5"[5%'

*+"J&&)2'"NM[I6Fp"0%-%"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"B"+5"6%-)8+;"#99e?"\.8+-("Ny"I-&.5+?##? 6\IN?"[-.07+,(%"*+"[-./-%3%"@%-&."0%-%"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5?"J-<?"t%)3+"a%5*E,?#Q? 6\IN;"#99d?"NM[I6Fp;"[-./-%3%"@%-&.?"\.8+-("Ny"I-&.5+?#b? 6\IN;"#99d?"M'1.-3+"*+"5%"@),)2'"*+"M*+'()1)&%&)2'"*+"5.,"@+&%'),3.,"B"]-%*."*+"6..-*)'%&)2'"IK),(+'(+,"+'(-+"5.,

a%-).,"J&(.-+,"M',()(7&).'%5+,"g"'."]78+-'%3+'(%5+,;"6.30+(+'(+,"+'"@%(+-)%"*+"[-+>+'&)2'"*+"N+,%,(-+,"+'"5%"\+/)2'6+'(-.%3+-)&%'%;"J-<?"t%)3+"a%5*E,?

#c? 6+'(-." *+" 6..-*)'%&)2'" 0%-%" 5%" \+*7&&)2'" *+" 5.," N+,%,(-+," T%(7-%5+," +'" J3E-)&%" 6+'(-%5" R6I[\INITJ6X;" #999?@%-&."I,(-%(E/)&."0%-%"5%"\+*7&&)2'"*+"a75'+-%8)5)*%*+,"B"N+,%,(-+,"+'"6+'(-.%3E-)&%?

#O? 6I[\INITJ6;"QCCC?"[5%'"\+/).'%5"*+"\+*7&&)2'"*+"5.,"N+,%,(-+,?#:? 6I[\INITJ6;"QCCC?""\)+,/.,;"J3+'%H%"B"a75'+-%8)5)*%*P"$%"I&7%&)2'"*+5"N+,%,(-+?#e? 6I[\INITJ6;"QCC#?"M'>+'(%-)."*+"5.,"N+,%,(-+,"+'"6+'(-.%3E-)&%"!#9:C!#999?#d? 6I[\INITJ6;"QCC#?""[A/)'%,"iIV;"F7-%&%'+,;"M'7'*%&).'+,?"N%>)*"T.>+5.?#9? 6.',+G."6+'(-.%3+-)&%'."*+"5%"a)>)+'*%"B"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"F73%'.,"R66aJFX;"#99:?"[5%'"\+/).'%5"0%-%"5%"[-+>+'&)2';

@)()/%&)2'"B"J(+'&)2'"%"5.,"N+,%,(-+,"[-.>.&%*.,"0.-"5.,"f+'23+'.,"T%(7-%5+,"+'"5.,"J,+'(%3)+'(.,"F73%'.,"B"5%,a)>)+'*%,"+'"6+'(-.%3E-)&%?"J-<?"6%-5.,"I'-)<7+"a%55%*%-+,?

QC? 6I[\INITJ6;"p1)&)'%"*+"J,),(+'&)%","N+,%,(-+,"+'"+5"IK(-%'G+-."B"6.3%'*."Y7-"*+"I,(%*.,"S')*.,;"QCC#?"N)%/'2,()&.*+"5%,"6%0%&)*%*+,"*+"\+,07+,(%"\+/).'%5+,

Q#? 66aJF;"#99:?"[5%'"\+/).'%5"*+"a)>)+'*%"B"J,+'(%3)+'(.,"F73%'.,"#99:!QCCC?QQ? 6I[J$"#999?"J3E-)&%"$%()'%"B"+5"6%-)8+P"I5"M30%&(."*+"5.,"N+,%,(-+,"T%(7-%5+,"+'"+5"N+,%--.55.;"#9eQ!#999?"\2375.

6%8%55+-.,"B"\)&%-*."u%0%(%?Qb? 6I[J$?"6+'(-.%3E-)&%P"I>%57%&)2'"*+"5.,"N%L.,"p&%,).'%*.,"0.-"+5"F7-%&A'"@)(&4;"#99d?Qc? 6I[J$?"6.,(%"\)&%P"I>%57%&)2'"*+"5.,"N%L.,"p&%,).'%*.,"0.-"+5"F7-%&A'"@)(&4;"#99d?

M9CA94;217N1

Page 53: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"OC"!

QO? 6I[J$;"#999?"6.',+',.,"S-8%'.,?"J0.-(+,"*+5"[5%'"*+"%&&)2'"\+/).'%5"*+"J3+-)&%"$%()'%"B"+5"6%-)8+",.8-+"J,+'(%3)+'(.,F73%'.,?

Q:? 6I[J$?"$.,"I1+&(.,"\+/).'%5+,"*+5"@)(&4?"T+&+,)*%*+,"*+"-+&.',(-7&&)2'"B"3)()/%&)2'?Qe? 6I[J$?"]7%(+3%5%P"I>%57%&)2'"*+"5.,"N%L.,"p&%,).'%*.,"0.-"+5"F7-%&A'"@)(&4;"#99d?Qd? 6I[J$?"F.'*7-%,P"I>%57%&)2'"*+"5.,"N%L.,"p&%,).'%*.,"0.-"+5"F7-%&A'"@)(&4;"#99d?Q9? 6I[J$?"T)&%-%/7%P"I>%57%&)2'"*+"5.,"N%L.,"p&%,).'%*.,"0.-"+5"F7-%&A'"@)(&4;"#99d?bC? 6.3),)2'" 6+'(-.%3+-)&%'%" *+" J38)+'(+" B" N+,%--.55.;" #99d?" I,(%*." *+5" J38)+'(+" B" 5.," \+&7-,.," T%(7-%5+," +'

6+'(-.%3E-)&%?b#? N),%,(+-"\),s"\+*7&&().'")'"6+'(-%5"J3+-)&%"%'*"(4+"N.3)')&%'"\+0785)&P"J"-+>)+z".1"\+&+'("N+>+5.03+'(,;"#99e!QCC#?

J55%'"$%>+55?bQ? I,(-%(+/)%"M'(+-'%&).'%5"0%-%"5%"\+*7&&)2'"*+"N+,%,(-+,"RIM\NX;"#99:?"Y(.0"N),%,(+-,;"6)()+,"%("\),s?bb? IM\N"B"p-/%')H%&)2'"[%'%3+-)&%'%"*+"5%"Y%57*;"#99c?"F%&)%"7'"@7'*."3A,"Y+/7-."f-+'(+"%"5.,"N+,%,(-+,"T%(7-%5+,P

$%"(-%B+&(.-)%"*+"J3E-)&%"$%()'%"B"+5"6%-)8+;"#99b?bc? 6)7*%*+,"*+5"6%-)8+"B"6+'(-.%3E-)&%;"*+5",)/5."oa"%5",)/5."oMo;"#99b?"t7%'"V+-'%5"[.'&+?bO? IM\N"B"p-/%')H%&)2'"[%'%3+-)&%'%"*+"5%"Y%57*;"QCCC?"F7-%&A'"@)(&4?"S'%"3)-%*%"%"%5/7'%,"(+'*+'&)%,"(+3A()&%,"0%-%

5%"-+*7&&)2'"*+5"-)+,/.?b:? IM\N;"QCC#?"W+'*+'&)%,",.8-+"5%"\+*7&&)2'"*+"N+,%,(-+,"+'"5%,"J3E-)&%,?be? IM\N;"QCCQ?"$.,"*+,%,(-+,"'%(7-%5+,"B"+5"*+,%--.55.",.,(+')85+P"&.',)*+-%'*."+5"*+,%--.55."+'(-+"+5"3+*)."%38)+'(+"B"5.,

*+,%,(-+,"'%(7-%5+,?bd? IM\N;"p[Y;"p-/%')H%&)2'"M'(+-'%&).'%5"*+5"W-%8%G."RpMWX;"p1)&)'%"*+"Y+->)&)."0%-%"[-.B+&(.,"*+"T%&).'+,"S')*%,"RSTp[YX

B".(-.,;"QCCC?""[-.B+&(."_[7+85.,"%B7*%'*."%"07+85.,`P"1.-(%5+&)3)+'(."*+"5%,"&%0%&)*%*+,"6+'(-.%3+-)&%'%,"0%-%"5%0-+>+'&)2'"*+"*+,%,(-+,?

b9? f%&75(%*"$%()'.%3+-)&%'%"*+"6)+'&)%,"Y.&)%5+,"Rf$J6YpX;"#99b?"F),(.-)%"]+'+-%5"*+"6+'(-.%3E-)&%;"F),(.-)%"J'()/7%?cC? f$6Yp"B" 5%"\+*"*+"I,(7*).,"Y.&)%5+,"+'"[-+>+'&)2'"*+"N+,%,(-+,"+'"J3+-)&%"$%()'%;"QCCC?"N+,%,(-+,"N7-%'(+"7'%

NE&%*%P"$+&&).'+,"B"%>%'&+,"&.'&+0(7%5+,"B"0-A&()&.,"+'"J3+-)&%"5%()'%"R#99C!#999X?"J55%'"$%>+55?c#? ]+./-%1=%"*+"J3E-)&%"$%()'%;"6.5+&&)2'"STIY6p?cQ? ]Wu"!"6..0+-%&)2'"WE&')&%"J5+3%'%?"[-.B+&(."*+"f.-(%5+&)3)+'(."*+"5%,"I,(-7&(7-%,"$.&%5+,"RfI@MNX;"QCC#?"_@+*)*%,

*+"@+G.-%3)+'(."*+"a)>)+'*%,"B"S-8%'),3."&.3."0%-(+"*+"5%"]$\`?"J-<?"@%?"64-),()'+"i%3,5+-?cb? M'(+-'%().'%5"f+*+-%().'".1"\+*"6-.,,"%'*"\+*"6-+,&+'("Y.&)+()+,"RMf\6X;"QCCC?"i.-5*"N),%,(+-,"\+0.-(?cc? M',()(7(."T%&).'%5"*+"5%"a)>)+'*%"*+"678%;"QCCC?"M'1.-3+"T%&).'%5"*+"678%;"I,(%3875"{O?cO? M',()(7(."*+"5%"a)>)+'*%"S-8%'%"B"\7-%5;"T)&%-%/7%;"QCCC?"M'1.-3+"*+"5%,"&.'*)&).'+,"*+"5.,"%,+'(%3)+'(.,"473%'.,"+'

T)&%-%/7%?c:? @7')&4"\+"W.0)&;"#999?"\+(-.,0+&()>%"J'7%5"*+"6%(A,(-.1+,"T%(7-%5+,?ce? p-/%')H%&)2'"*+"T%&).'+,"S')*%,"RpTSX#9e:?"_N)-+&(-)&+,"0%-%"5%"[-+>+'&)2'"*+"N+,%,(-+,;"a.573+'"#P"[5%')1)&%&)2'

f=,)&%"*+"5.,"J,+'(%3)+'(.,"F73%'.,"[-+>)%"%"N+,%,(-+,`?cd? p-/%')H%&)2'"*+"I,(%*.,"J3+-)&%'.,"RpIJX"B"f7'*%&)2'"J-)%,"0%-%"5%"[%H?"QCCC?"M'1.-3+"f)'%5P"[-.B+&(."*+"f.-(%5+&)3)+'(.

*+"5%,"\+5%&).'+,"+'(-+"+5"[%-5%3+'(.;"5.,"].8)+-'.,"$.&%5+,"B"5%"Y.&)+*%*"6)>)5?"]7)*."J58+-(."@.'G+"B"t.,E"]%8-)+5\.3A'"@%*-)/%5?

c9? pIJ;"#99#?"N+,%,(-+,"[5%')1)&%&)2'"B"N+,%--.55.P"@%'+G."*+"J3+'%H%,"T%(7-%5+,"0%-%"-+*7&)-"5.,"N%L.,?OC? [-./-%3%"*+"T%&).'+,"S')*%,"0%-%" 5.,"J,+'(%3)+'(.,"F73%'.,"pTS!FJVMWJW;"#99:?"J'*"S-8%')H)'/"i.-5*;"]5.8%5

\+0.-(".'"F73%'"Y+((5+3+'(,;O#? pTS!FJVMWJW;"#99d?"I5"[-./-%3%"F%8)(%(?OQ? pTS!FJVMWJW;",)'"1+&4%?"I5"[7+85.;"5.,"J,+'(%3)+'(.,;"+5"@+*)."J38)+'(+"B"+5"N+,%--.55.?Ob? pTS!FJVMWJW;"#99d?"$.,"N+8%(+,"*+5"F%8)(%(;">.573+'Oc? pTS!FJVMWJW;"QCCC?"F%8)(%("N+8%(+;">.5?":;"Tn"Q?OO? pTS!FJVMWJW;"QCC#?"6)()+,")'"%"]5.8%5)H)'/"i.-5*;"]5.8%5"\+0.-(".'"F73%'"Y+((5+3+'(,?O:? pTS!"FJVMWJW;"66aJF;"Y),(+3%"*+"M'(+/-%&)2'"6+'(-.%3+-)&%'."RYM6JX;"QCCC?"6+'(-.%3+-)&%'%"0%-%"+5"f.-(%5+&)3)+'(.

*+"5%"]+,()2'"J38)+'(%5"B"5%"\+*7&&)2'"*+"5%"a75'+-%8)5)*%*"+'"5%"A-+%,"S-8%'%,?"J-<?"f+-'%'*."[%()L.?

Page 54: DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS · Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos UN-HÁBITAT DESASTRES NATURALES Y ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS Vulnerabilidad

!"#$#%&"#'($%)&$*"#'+'$#"(%$,-"(%.#'/),$(.#01234567828969'43'42':;78<='2=>62?'@143>6'942'@65874'94'A6726'A8BC636

!"O#"!

Oe? pTS!FJVMWJW;"QCC#?"W4+"Y(%(+".1"(4+"i.-*|,"6)()+,?Od? [-./-%3%"*+"T%&).'+,"S')*%,"0%-%"+5"N+,%--.55."R[TSNX;"[-.B+&(."I,(%*.,"*+"5%"T%&)2'?"6.,(%"\)&%;"#999?"_I,(%*."*+

5%"\+/)2'"+'"N+,%--.55."F73%'."Y.,(+')85+`O9? [TSN;"678%;"QCC#?"M'1.-3+"[-+5)3)'%-;"@),)2'"M'(+-%/+'&)%5"pTS"+'"\+,07+,(%"%5"0%,."*+5"F7-%&A'"@)&4+55+?:C? [TSN;"678%;"#999?"M'>+,()/%&)2'",.8-+"N+,%--.55."F73%'."B"I<7)*%*"+'"678%?:#? [TSN;"\+0^85)&%"N.3)')&%'%?"T.(%"*+"6.',75(%"*+5"[TSN"0%-%"5%"\+0^85)&%"N.3)')&%'%"R0+-=.*."#99e!QCC#X?:Q? [TSN;"#99d?"}7)E'"+,"}7)E'""+'"5%"M',()(7&).'%5)*%*"6+'(-.%3+-)&%'%?:b? [-./-%3%"*+"T%&).'+,"S')*%,"0%-%"+5"@+*)."J38)+'(+;"QCCC?"[+-,0+&()>%,"*+5"@+*)."J38)+'(+"@7'*)%5?:c? \+*"6.37')(%-)%"0%-%"5%"]+,()2'"*+5"\)+,/.""J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5"R\+*"6.37')(%-)%X;"QCCC?"I5+3+'(.,"0%-%"S'%"I,(-%(+/)%

N+,()'%*%"%"5%""\+*7&&)2'"*+5"\)+,/."+'"5.,"J,+'(%3)+'(.,"F73%'.,"*+"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5?:O? \+*" *+" I,(7*).," Y.&)%5+," 0%-%" 5%" [-+>+'&)2'" *+" N+,%,(-+," +'" J3E-)&%" $%()'%" R$%" \+*X;" ~99c?" a)>)+'*." +'" \)+,/.?

6.37')*%*+,"a75'+-%85+,"B"[-+>+'&)2'"*+"N+,%,(-+,"+'"J3E-)&%"$%()'%?"J55%'"$%>+55"R&.30)5%*.-X?::? $%"\+*;"#99:?"6)7*%*+,"+'"\)+,/.P"N+/-%*%&)2'"J38)+'(%5;"\)+,/.,"S-8%'.,"B"N+,%,(-+,"+'"J3+-)&%"$%()'%?"@%-=%

J/7,(%"f+-'A'*+H"R&.30)5%*.-%X?:e? $%"\+*;"#999?"I5"N%L."B"5%"I>%57%&)2'"*+5"\)+,/."+'"J3E-)&%"6+'(-%5?"F%-),"Y%'%47G%"\.*-=/7+H?:d? Y),(+3%"*+"M'(+/-%&)2'"6+'(-.%3+-)&%'."RYM6JX?"QCC#?"$%"W-%',1.-3%&)2'"B"@.*+-')H%&)2'"*+"6+'(-.%3E-)&%"+'"+5"Y)/5.

ooM?:9? S')2'"M'(+-'%&).'%5"*+"6.',+->%&)2'"*+"5%"T%(7-%5+H%"MS6TZ6IIY"@+,.%3E-)&%;"QCC#?"6%,+"Y(7*B?"a75'+-%8)5)(B;"\),s

%'*"I'>)-.3+'(%5"Y+&7-)(B")'"6+'(-%5"J3+-)&%P"$+,,.',"1-.3"F7--)&%'+"@)(&4?"[%,&%5"p?"])-.(?eC? a%-).,?"W%38)E'",+"&.',75(%-.'"B"7()5)H2"&.3."-+1+-+'&)%"0%-%"+,(+"+,(7*).;"7'%",+-)+"*+"%-(=&75.,;"'.()&)%,"B"*.&73+'(%&)2'

*+"5%,",)/7)+'(+,"0%/)'%,"i+8P

q J,.&)%&)2'"N.3)')&%'%"0%-%"5%"\+*7&&)2'"*+"N+,%,(-+,q V%'&."M'(+-%3+-)&%'."*+"N+,%--.55.q V%'&."@7'*)%5q 6NI\Jq 6+'(-."\+/).'%5"*+"N.&73+'(%&)2'"+'"N+,%,(-+,"R6\MNXq 6I[J$q 6I[\INITJ6q 6.3),)2'"[+-3%'+'(+"*+"6.'()'/+'&)%,"*+"F.'*7-%,q 6\INq 6.3),)2'"T%&).'%5"*+"I3+-/+'&)%,"*+"6.,(%"\)&%q 6..-*)'%*.-%"T%&).'%5"0%-%"5%"\+*7&&)2'"*+"N+,%,(-+,;"]7%(+3%5%?q I6Fp;"NM[I6Fp?q ]Wu!fI@MNq IM\N?q f+*+-%&)2'"M'(+-'%&).'%5"*+"5%"6-7H"\.G%?q f+*+-%&)2'"*+"@7')&)0).,"*+5"M,(3."6+'(-.%3+-)&%'."RfI@M6JXq @MTS\aMq pIJq p[Yq [A/)'%,"0-)'&)0%5+,"5.,"0%=,+,P"6.,(%"-)&%;"678%;"]7%(+3%5%;"F.'*7-%,;"T)&%-%/7%;"\+0^85)&%"N.3)')&%'%"B"[%'%3A?q [TSNq \+5)+1"i+8q Y),(+3%"T%&).'%5"*+"[-.(+&&)2'"6)>)5;"[%'%3A?q Y),(+3%"T%&).'%5"*+"[-+>+'&)2';"@)()/%&)2'"B"J(+'&)2'"%"5.,"N+,%,(-+,;"T)&%-%/7%?q YM6Jq pTS!FJVMWJW