Destilación Discontinua en Alambiques

8/2/2019 Destilacin Discontinua en Alambiques

1/31


2/31

Xc~ez hm hmzxcfkjcg kfjeofcjk

M{}c~ez hczjegxcg}ez Hmzxcfkjcg hcpmjxk Hmzxcfkjcg jeg pm~kzez e he`fm

M{}c~ez jegxcg}ez

Hmzxcfkjcg k ~pmzcg kxlezipcjk Hmzxcfkjcg kf ykje Hmzxcfkjcg mxpkjxcyk


3/31

Fk hmzxcfkjcg mg kfkl`c{}mz

Fk hmzxcfkjcg mgJef}lgkz


4/31

9=-

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3=-

8-

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Cl~}pmtkz

Xc~ez hm hmzxcfkjcg kfjeofcjk

M{}c~ez hczjegxcg}ezHmzxcfkjcg hcpmjxk

Hmzxcfkjcg jeg pm~kzez ehe`fm hmzxcfkjcg

M{}c~ez jegxcg}ez

Hmzxcfkjcg k ~pmzcg kxlezipcjkHmzxcfkjcg kf ykjeHmzxcfkjcg mxpkjxcyk


5/31

HMZXCFKJCEG MG M[]C^EZ

HCZJEGXCG]EZ


6/31

Jkpkjxmpzxcjk hm fk hmzxcfkjcg ^pejmze hm fkpbk h}pkjcg /? k ;8 oepkz#

@kde pmghclcmgxe ~ep zmp ~pejmzezhczjegxcg}ez

Fk k~fcjkjcg hm jkfep ~ep fkpbe xcml~e~peh}jm bmgmpkjcg hm jel~egmgxmzh}pkgxm fk hmzxcfkjcg

Mf m{}c~e ~}mhm hm~}pkp zefe ~kpjckflmgxmmf hmzxcfkhe hm jcmpxez jel~egmgxmz

zmgzepckflmgxm cgkhmj}khez


7/31

Fez m{}c~ez

Zm hmgelcgkg kfkl`c{}mz e kf{}cxkpkz

Zefe ~mplcxmg }g bpkhe ~kpjckf hmzm~kpkjcg hm jel~egmgxmz

^mplcxmg kfjkgtkp bpkhez hm kfjeofcjez hmokzxk 20,2=

Mf pmz}fxkhe mzx l}s kimjxkhe ~ep fkjkfchkh hm fez ycgez {}m zm hmzxcfkg


8/31

Jkpkjxmpzxcjkz

Fkz jkpkjxmpzxcjkz hm fez hmzxcfkhezhm~mghmg hm fk pmfkjcg mgxpm fkz hczxcgxkz~kpxmz hmf kfkl`c{}m'

Mf lkxmpckf hm jegzxp}jjcg xkl`cg~pmzmgxk }g mimjxe ze`pm fez pmz}fxkhez'

Mf pcxle hm jkfmikjjcg s ~ep xkgxe fkymfejchkh hm hmzxcfkjcg kimjxkg fkjel~ezcjcg hmf hmzxcfkhe'


9/31

HCZMEZ S

JKPKJXMPCZXCJKZ HM FEZKFKL@C[]MZ


10/31

Kgxmjmhmgxmz bmgmpkfmz

Mg fez fxclez zcbfez fez m{}c~ez ge okg jkl`ckhez}zxkgjckflmgxm mg z}z ~kpxmz jegzxcx}xcykz'

Mf hczme ok myef}jcegkhe mg j}kgxe k lmdepkp mf

pmghclcmgxe s fk mjegelk hm mgmpbk' Fkz ~kpxmz mzmgjckfmz hmf m{}c~e jeppmz~eghmg k

}gk jkfhmpk }gk pmjxcicjkhep ~kpjckf s }gjeghmgzkhep xexkf e icgkf'


11/31

Kfkl`c{}mz zcl~fmz


12/31

Kfkl`c{}m jfzcje

Jk~cxmf

Jkfhmpk


13/31

Hmzjpc~jcg hm fk hczxcgxkz ~kpxmz hmfm{}c~e

JKFHMPK Pmjm~xj}fe hm hcimpmgxmz ieplkz mg mf {}m zm kbpmbk mfycge k hmzxcfkp' ^}mhmg zmp jcfghpcjkz jeg ieplk hmjm`effk e hm ieplk pmjxk'

Hm`m zmp jegzxp}chk hm je`pm ~kp icdkp jel~egmgxmz {}mhmxmpcepkg mf hmzxcfkhe

Fkz jkfhmpkz hm`mg xmgmp }g ieghe {}m ~mplcxk }gk ijcffcl~cmtk'

J}kghe zeg jkfmgxkhkz ~ep i}mbe hcpmjxe hm`mg xmgmp }gmz~mzep lgcle'


14/31

JKFHMPK /0#

Mf ieghe hm fk jkfhmpk hm`m zmp ~pesmjxkhe okjckmg cgxmpcep ~kpk ~ehmp mykj}kp jel~fmxklmgxm fezpmzch}ez hm fk hmzxcfkjcg'

Mf ieghe hm fk jkfhmpk hm`m xmgmp }g mz~mzeplgcle /;0 ll# ~kpk }g jkfmgxklcmgxe ~kpmdej}kghe zm ml~fmk i}mbe hcpmjxe

^kpk jkfhmpkz hm jk~kjchkh hm 0>>> mf hclmxpe hmz} ieghe mz hm kfpmhmhep hm ;&9 l


15/31

FK JKFHMPK


16/31

Jk~cxmf

Zcx}khe ze`pm fk jkfhmpk& x}ye cgcjckflmgxm~ep i}gjcg mycxkp fez hmz`ephklcmgxez hmffc{}che'

^}mhm zmp hm hcympzkz ieplkz s hm hcympzezxklkez'

^}mhm mzxkp mgipckhe mg ieplk ~kzcyk e `cmgieptkhk ~ep lmhce hm kb}k

Z] I]GJCEG MZMGJCKF4 ^mplcxcp fk jeghmgzkjcg~kpjckf hm fez yk~epmz ~peymgcmgxmz hm fk jkfhmpk kf mgxpkpmg jegxkjxe jeg fkz ~kpmhmz lz ipkz {}m fkz hm fk jkfhmpkHmf bpkhe hm cgxmgzchkh hm mzxm imglmge hm~mghm fkz

jkpkjxmpzxcjkz hmf hmzxcfkhe


17/31

MF JK^CXMF /Jeghmgzkhep ^kpjckf#


18/31

Pmfkjcegmz mgxpm jkfhmpk s jk~cxmf Fk jeghmgzkjcg mz }g imglmge hm mgipcklcmgxe hm yk~epmz ~ep fe {}m

fk jk~kjchkh hm mgipcklcmgxe hmf jk~cxmf hm`m mzxkp mg pmfkjcg jeg fkjkgxchkh hm yk~ep {}m zm bmgmpm mg fk jkfhmpk'

Zm mzxk`fmjmg pmfkjcegmz mgxpm fk jkfhmpk s mf jk~cxmf mg i}gjcg hmfyef}lmg e hm z}~mpicjcm' ]g jpcxmpce mzxk`fmjm {}m }g jk~cxmf jeg }g jk~kjchkh hmf ;>- hm fk

jkfhmpk mgxpmbk kb}kphcmgxmz m{}cfc`pkhez'

Zcg ml`kpbe& fk jeghmgzkjcg mz mg mzxm jkze }g imglmge z}~mpicjckfs ~kpk }g lczle yef}lmg z} z}~mpicjcm ykpck mg i}gjcg hm fk ieplkhmf jk~cxmf'

Lz jeppmjxe mz mgxegjmz hmicgcp mf jk~cxmf }g i}gjcg hm }gk z}~mpicjcm~ep yef}lmg hm jkfhmpk' Mg mzxm jkze zm mzxk`fmjm }gk pmfkjcg e~xclkhm >&3 k ; l0 ~ep ;> oF hm jk~kjchkh hm jkfhmpk

Fk jk~kjchkh hm fez jk~cxmfmz zm ~}mhm hczlcg}cp ~mpe zm hm`mp hmzxcfkplz fmgxklmgxm e fe {}m mz lz jelg pmipcbmpkp mf jk~cxmf ~ep lmhcehm kb}k'


19/31

Jk~cxmfmz pmipcbmpkhez ~ep kb}k

^mplcxmg }g jegxpef lkz ~pmjczehm fk jeghmgzkjcg ~kpjckf

^}mhm cghm~mghctkpzm mf pmz}fxkhehm fkz ykpckjcegmz hm fk

xml~mpkx}pk kl`cmgxkf'Zeg lkz ijcfmz hm fcl~ckp s jegmffe }g lmdep i}gjcegklcmgxe

Z}z fclcxkjcegmz zm `kzkg mg fkz hcz~egc`cfchkhmz hm kb}k s hm`kdk xml~mpkx}pk

Geplkflmgxm zm hm`m jegxkp jeg xeppmz hm mgipcklcmgxe hmkb}k


20/31

J}mffe hm jczgm Fgmk hm jegmcg mgxpm mf jk~cxmf s mf

jeghmgzkhep icgkf' Jegh}jm fez yk~epmz okzxk z}

jeghmgzkjcg ~kpk xpkgzieplkpfez mgkb}kphcmgxm'

Hm`m xmgmp }gk ieplk {}m zmk ijcf hmfcl~ckp s {}m ge ~pmzmgxm gb}fez kb}hezmg fez {}m zm hm~ezcxmg z}zxkgjckz'

Hm`m xmgmp }gk ~mghcmgxm ~ezcxcyk'

Mg l}joez jkzez xcmgm }gk zmjjcgjgcjk mg z} xpksmjxe jeg fk icgkfchkh hm~egmp mg jegxkjxe cgxcle mf yk~ep jeg fkz~kpmhmz hmf jegh}jxe s ~mplcxcp }g lmdepmgipcklcmgxe& ~mplcxm }gk mjegelk hmkb}k hm pmipcbmpkjcg'

Mg fk ~kpxm kzjmghmgxm hmf j}mffe& zm~peh}jm }gk pmjxcicjkjcg ~ep mffe mzxz}~mpicjcm hm`m jegzchmpkpzm pmz~mjxe hmmzxm imglmge hm jeghmgzkjcg'


21/31

Jkfcmgxk Ycgez

Mzxkg{}m hm cb}kf

jk~kjchkh {}m fk jkfhmpk

s {}m mzx zcx}khe mgxpm mf

j}mffe hm jczgm s mf

pmipcbmpkgxm'

Mz }gk pmjc~cmgxm e~jcegkf sk {}m ge xcmgm mimjxez ze`pmfkz jkpkjxmpzxcjkz hmf hmzxcfkhe'Z}z e`dmxcyez zeg hczlcg}cp mf xcml~e hm hmzxcfkjcg s mfjegz}le hm mgmpbk'


22/31

Mjegelkz hmf jkfcmgxk ycgez

Mzxm hcz~ezcxcye zm }zk jegzchmpkghe {}m kflelmgxe mg {}m mf ycge zm hm`m jkpbkp mg fk

jkfhmpk xmgbk }gez => J' Hm kj}mphe k fe kgxmpcep& mf m{}c~e zm hm`m

jkfc`pkp ~kpk {}m mzxe ej}ppk fe lkz jmpjkgklmgxmkf lelmgxe mg {}m zm hm`m jkpbkp mf ycge'

@kde mzxkz jegzchmpkjcegmz& mf cgcjce hm fk

hmzxcfkjcg ~}mhm khmfkgxkpzm mg 8= k 9> lcg' Mf koeppe hm mgmpbk ~}mhm kfjkgtkp kf ;=-'


23/31

Mf pmipcbmpkgxm

Hm`m mgipckp xexkflmgxm fez yk~epmz' Mf hmzxcfkhe hm`m xmgmp }gk xml~mpkx}pk ge z}~mpcep k fez ;= J&

fkz xml~mpkx}pkz z}~mpcepmz ~peh}jmg ~mphchkz hm mxkgef

mfmykhkz' Jeppmz~eghm k }g x}`e mg mz~cpkf {}m hm`m xmgmp ~mghcmgxmz

pmb}fkpmz k icg hm mycxkp ze~fklcmgxez hmf fc{}che'

Mczxmg hczme hm okjmz x}`}fkpmz lkz ijcfmz hm fcl~ckp Z} fegbcx}h hm`m mzxkp mf pmfkjcg k fk jk~kjchkh hm fk jkfhmpk/yef}lmg hm yk~ep ~peh}jche#'

]g ykfep pmimpmgjckf jeppmz~eghm k ;; k ;0 l0 hm z}~mpicjcm hm

mgipcklcmgxe ~kpk }gk jkfhmpk hm 0> oF' Fk z}~mpicjcm hm`m zmp k}lmgxkhk zc fk xml~mpkx}pk hmf kb}k gemz fe z}icjcmgxmlmgxm ipk '


24/31

Hclmgzcegmz hmf zmp~mgxg pmipcbmpkgxm mg i}gjcg hmfk jk~kjchkh hm fk jkfhmpk

Pmipcbmpkgxm hm okjmz x}`}fkpmz


25/31

Jkfmikjjcg hm fez kfkl`c{}mz

Fk ieplk hm fk jkfmikjjcg ~}mhm zmp ykpckhk4 Mfpm{}czcxe i}ghklmgxkf mz {}m mf jkfep ~}mhk zmp

pmb}fkhe k yef}gxkh' Z} pbclmg hm`m zmp ~kpmde& {}m mycxm fez bef~mzhm m`}ffcjcg

K i}mbe hcpmjxe Cghcpmjxe ~ep lmhce hm yk~ep

Mzxk }fxclk ieplk ~mplcxm ~pejmzez lz pmb}fkpmzs }gk lmdep }xcfctkjcg hm fk mgmpbk'

Xkl`cg hczlcg}smg fez pcmzbez hm ~cpefczcz mg fk

jkfhmpk


26/31

Gmjmzchkhmz hm Jkfmikjjcg

]g hkxe l}s pmimpmgjckf zmkfk {}m ~kpk e`xmgmp ;>>F hmkb}kphcmgxm hm 2> BF zm gmjmzcxkg mg ~pelmhce hm 3> k ;>>Ab hm jkp`g'

Expk ieplk hm m~pmzkpfe4 fk e`xmgjcg hm }g fcxpe hmkb}kphcmgxm /`kzm ;>># jeg }g bpkhe pmkf hm 2> }xcfctk}gez => Ab hm ~pe~kge e z} m{}cykfmgxm mgmpbxcje& mzxe mz}gez 2>> acferkxxz'

Fez ykfepmz zeg l}s ykpck`fmz ~}mz mf pmghclcmgxe hm~mghmhm fk micjcmgjck hm fk jel`}zxcg {}m mg ejkzcegmz ~}mhmkfjkgtkp zefe kf =>- / xc~e hm jkfmikjjcg& xklke hmf

oepge& bpkhe hm xcpkdm#' Expe ikjxep mz fk jegh}jxcychkh xplcjk hm fkz ~kpmhmz hmf

m{}c~e {}m zm kimjxk cgxmgzklmgxm ~ep fk hm~ezcxkjcg hm

z}zxkgjckz hm fez ycgez ze`pm mf je`pm hm fkz ~kpmhmz hm fkjkfhmpk& mz~mjckflmgxm z} ieghe


27/31

Jegz}lez jel~kpkxcyez

Fez ykfepm kgxmz zmkfkhez zeg mfmykhez s ~ep mffefk hmzxcfkjcg mg m{}c~ez hczjegxcg}ez ge ~}mhmjel~mxcp jeg fk hmzxcfkjcg mg m{}c~ez jegxcg}ez

Mzxm jegz}le mz mfmykhe fe {}m cgieplk hm fk`kdk micjcmgjck {}m ~ezmmg mzxez m{}c~ez& ikjxep{}m kimjxk mf jezxe hmf ~pejmze hm hmzxcfkjcg'

^ep jel~kpkjcg e`xmgmp }g fcxpe hm hmzxcfkhe hm30 hm kfjeoef k ;>> mg }gk jef}lgk /m{}c~ejegxcg}e# zm gmjmzcxkg zefe }gez :>8 acferkxxz&jegz}le {}m ~}mhm pmh}jcpzm mg }g 8>- lmhckgxmfk pm}xcfctkjcg hm fez yk~epmz ~ep pmjel~pmzcg

Zmbg fe kgxmpcep fk pmfkjcg mgmpbxcjk hm fez hezxc~ez hm hmzxcfkjcg mz hm k~peclkhklmgxm =&2

ymjmz lmgep ~kpk fk jef}lgk


28/31

Pef hmf je`pm mg fk hmzxcfkjcg Fez kfkl`c{}m zeg hm je`pm s ~kpk mffe oks lkz hm }gk

pktg Cgcjckflmgxm zm }z ~ep fk ikjcfchkh ~kpk zmp xpk`kdkhe s ~ep

z} mfmykhk jegh}jjcg hm jkfep ^ezxmpceplmgxm zm jel~pe` {}m kimjxk ~ezcxcyklmgxm fkz

Jkpkjxmpzxcjkz zmgzepckfmz hm fez hmzxcfkhez'

Z} ~k~mf mz i}ghklmgxkf sk {}m pmxcmgm s ~pmjc~cxkjel~egmgxmz {}m hmzlmdepkg fk jkpkjxmpzxcjkz hmfhmzxcfkhe'

Kf icgkf hm fk hmzxcfkjcg k~kpmjmg ~kpxj}fkz hm jefep ymphme lkppg {}m {}mhkg pmxmgchkz mg mf ~epxk,kfjeoeflmxpe&mzxkz ~kpxj}fkz zeg fcbmpkz s ifexkg mg fk z}~mpicjcm ~mpezeg cgzef}`fmz'


29/31

Gkx}pkfmtk hm fkz ~kpxj}fkz

Zeg zk~egcicjkjcegmz hmjchez bpkzez {}m k~epxkglkfez efepmz zc mzxg mgzef}jcg /jchez4 `}xpcje&

jk~pecje& jk~pcfcje& j~pcje sfk}pcje#' Zcml~pm zeg ~kpxm hmf ycge

~}mz zeg ~peh}jchez ~ep fkz

fmykh}pkz h}pkgxm fkimplmgxkjcg hmf ycge' Fk hmzxcfkjcg hm fez ycgez jeg

`eppkz icgkz ~pmzmgxkg }gk

lksep jegjmgxpkjcg hm mzxezjchez'

Jel~}mzxez kt}ipkhe mg jkfchkhz}ficxez hm je`pm'Mzxkz zeg ~kpxj}fkz hm jefep

ymphmHm ge zmp cgzef}`cfctkhkz ~ep mfje`pm mgxpmbkg }gk bklk hm

efepmz cgjegymgcmgxmz k fezhmzxcfkhez4 mgxpm mffez4 pm~effejejche& `pejjefc jejche& jm`effk ekde& kb}k mzxkgjkhk'

^kpk {}m mf je`pm mdmptk z} ~pe~cmhkh hm cgzef}`cfctkjcg hm fez

jel~}mzxez& fkz ~kpmhmz hmf m{}c~e hm`mg mzxkp fcl~ckz& zcghm~ezcxkjcegmz hm lkxmpck epbgcjk mg z} z}~mpicjcm'


30/31

Fcl~cmtk hm fk jkfhmpk

Fk fcl~cmtk hm fk jkfhmpk hm`m zmp pmb}fkp s jkhk hez k xpmzhmzxcfkjcegmz'

Fk fcl~cmtk zm ~}mhm mimjx}kp jeg fk lczlk ycgktk {}m{}mhk pmlkgmgxm mg fk jkfhmpk kgxmz hm mykj}kpfk' J}kghe fk ycgktk mzx jkfcmgxm zm hmzxk~k fk jkfhmpk s zm

jm~cffk fk z}~mpicjcm jeg }gk `pejok f}mbe zm mgd}kbk jeg

kb}k ipk' Mf jk~cxmf s mf zmp~mgxg hm`mg fcl~ckpzm zeg fk lczlkipmj}mgjck s xkl`cg jeg fk ks}hk hm fk ycgktk'

fxclklmgxm zm okg hmzkppeffkhe ~pejmhclcmgxe `kzkhez

mg hmxmpbmgxmz xmgzekjxcyez {}m lmdepkg fk fcl~cmtk Mzxez ~pejmhclcmgxez mzxg `kzkhez mg ~pejmzez JC^'


31/31

^pjxcjk hm fk hmzxcfkjcg

Mczxmg hcimpmgxmz lxehez hm hmzxcfkjcg fez

j}kfmz xcmgmg mimjxez mg fk jel~ezcjcg hm fezhmzxcfkhez

Fez ~pcgjc~kfmz lxehez jeppmz~eghm k4

Hmzxcfkjcg hcpmjxk e k ^pmlcmp Dmx& Zcg pm~kzezHe`fm hmzxcfkjcg Hmzxcfkjcg Jokpmgxkczm

Destilación Discontinua en Alambiques

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