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Diapositiva 14

METODO DE FORMULACION BRUCE MARSHALL

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Diapositiva 33

LA ADHERENCIA

Capacidad de un ligante asfáltico para pegarse a la superficie de los agregados

minerales para:

•Evitar deslizamientos o desplazamientos relativamente altos de las partículas, que

deformen las capas asfálticas

•Impedir el desprendimiento de los fragmentos de roca que constituyen el

esqueleto mineral de las mezclas asfálticas

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Diapositiva 34

MODOS DE FALLA

1. DESPLAZAMIENTO DEL ASFALTO POR ACCIÓN DEL AGUA

2. SEPARACIÓN DEL ASFALTO POR:

1. Humedad

2. Contaminación con finos u hollin

3. Presencia de agregados silicosos ( cuarzos)

4. Alta viscosidad en la mezcla

3. RUPTURA DE LA PELICULA DE ASFALTO

1. Por presión de poros

2. Por fragmentación de agregados

4. DOSIFICACION DEFICIENTE

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FACTORES QUE FAVORECEN UNA BUENA ADHERENCIA

ASFALTO 1. Tensión Superficial

2. Viscosidad3. Composición

4. Origen 5. Formas de obtención

6. Recubrimiento

AGREGADO MINERAL1. Composición2. Textura superficial3. Porosidad4. Estado superficial5. Limpieza

MEZCLA1. Compactación

2. Dosificación3. Homogeneidad de cubrimiento

4. Temperatura de la mezcla5. Temperatura de compactación

AGENTES EXTERNOSMEDIO AMBIENTE

OTROS1. Acción quimica

2. Acción Radiactiva3. Esfuerzos

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Diapositiva 36

“LA ADHERENCIA O AFINIDAD ENTRE EL AGREGADO MINERAL Y EL

LIGANTE ASFÁLTICO, DEBE SER UN MATRIMONIO PERFECTO

PARA QUE SEA DURABLE”

Anonimo

Algunos piensan que es necesario usar aditivos,LOS EXPERTOS LO SABEN !!!!

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Diapositiva 37

PRUEBAS PARA MEDIR LA ADHERENCIA

PRUEBAS FÍSICAS

PRUEBAS QUÍMICAS

PRUEBAS MECÁNICAS

MÉTODO INGLES O BRASILERO IUtiliza la acción del agua estilada calientea 40 °C, durante 72 horas.

MÉTODO RIEDER WEBER O BRASILERO IIUtiliza la accion del carbonato sodico Na2CO3 y la temperatura

MÉTODO DE ESTABILIDAD RESIDUALCompara la estabilidad de briquetas con inmersióna 24 horas contra briquetas con inmersión a 30 minutosa 60 ° C.

MÉTODO DE TRACCIÓN INDIRECTACompara la resistencia a la tración de briquetas convacios del 6 a 8 %, saturadas contra briquetas sin saturación

METODO DE INMERSIÓN COMPRESIÓNCompara la resistencia a la compresión de briquetasSumergidas, contra briquetas sin sumergir en agua

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Diapositiva 38

PRUEBAS PARA MEDIR LA ADHERENCIA ASFÁLTICA

MÉTODO BRASILERO I

Ó MÉTODO INGLES

1. Se lavan y se secan 500 gramos de agregados pasantes del tamiz ¾ y retenidos en el tamiz de ½

pulgada.

2. Se adicionan 17.5 gramos de material asfáltico y se mezcla hasta cubrir las partículas, considerando

las siguientes temperaturas:

MATERIAL ASFÁLTICO AGREGADO MINERAL

CEMENTO ASFÁLTICO 120 °C 100 °C

ASFALTO LÍQUIDO 100 °C 60 °C

EMULSIÓN ASFÁLTICA TEMPERATURA AMBIENTE

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Diapositiva 39

3. Una vez curados los asfáltos líquidos o rota la emulsión asfáltica y alcanzada la temperatura

ambiente, se lleva la mezcla a un beaker y se la somete a inmersión en agua destilada por 72

horas a 40° C.

4. Con ayuda de una lámpara de 75 watts, se realiza una evaluación visual de las áreas recubiertas

con un nivel de apreciación de MAYOR O MENOR DE 80 % .

SE CONSIDERA UNA ADHERENCIA SATISFACTORIA LOS RESULTADOS DE

MAYOR AL 80 % DE ÁREA CUBIERTA CON ASFALTO

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Diapositiva 40

PRUEBAS PARA MEDIR LA ADHERENCIA ASFÁLTICA

METODO BRASILERO II

RIEDER WEBER

1. Se preparan nueve soluciones de CARBONATO DE SODIO ANHIDRO ( Na2 Ca3 ).

2. Se mezclan en volumen, 71 % de agregados pasantes del tamiz N° 30 y retenidos en el tamiz N° 70,

con el 29% de ligante asfáltico.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

53 grNa2 CO3

en 500 cc.de agua

250 ccde 10 en500 cc. de agua

250 ccde 9 en500 cc.de agua

250 ccde 8 en500 cc.de agua

Aguadestilada

0

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Diapositiva 41

3. Una vez fría la mezcla, se lleva 0.5 gramos a un tubo de ensayo y se utiliza 3 centímetros de longitud

o 6 centímetros cúbicos de agua destilada (SOLUCION N° 0), sometiendo el conjunto a hervir en un

baño de glicerina, durante 1 minuto.

4. Se evalua el desprendimiento del agregado, si no se registro desprendimiento, se somete otra

muestra de 0.5 gramos a la acció de la SOLUCIÓN N° 1, repitiendose el ejercicio hasta lograr el

desprendimiento total.

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Diapositiva 42

5. La evaluación se realiza usando el número de adhesividad y la calificación de adherencia según la

siguiente tabla, indicando el número en donde inicio el desprendimiento de asfalto y el número en

donde terminó.

INDICE DE ADHESIVIDAD ADHERENCIA

0 MALA

1 A 3 SATISFACTORIA

4 A 9 BUENA

10 OPTIMA

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Diapositiva 44

ELABORACION DE MEZCLAS

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Diapositiva 105

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Diapositiva 106

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Diapositiva 107

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Diapositiva 108

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Diapositiva 109

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Diapositiva 110

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Diapositiva 111

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Diapositiva 112

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Diapositiva 113

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Diapositiva 114

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Diapositiva 115

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Diapositiva 116

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Diapositiva 117

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Diapositiva 118

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Diapositiva 119

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Diapositiva 120

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Diapositiva 122

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Diapositiva 125

EJERCICIO1. Determine la fórmula de trabajo y realice el análisis de

tolerancias.

2. Para el estado óptimo dibuje el diagrama de fase.

3. Para un metro cúbico de mezcla determine las cantidades de

cada una de las fracciones de agregado y la cantidad de ligante

necesarias para su producción.

4. Aplicando el polígono de Ramcodes dibuje la distribución

volumétrica o carta volumétrica de la mezcla seleccionada como

óptima.

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