Efren Hernández - Cuentos

8/4/2019 Efren Hernández - Cuentos

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Fnaï db kïn ysjodsm kd qdy{jdocsd kdb zn amfabtjkmnþm kd >:9;& Ysmadkm kd {manzm& Oj onksd qd nyd/bbjkñ amom oj ynksd" z qd bbnoñ Lmqd`n& Oj najñf n

bn bj{dsn{tsn" asdm zm" dq edsdknkn& Oîq kd atn{sm yn/sjdf{dq oïmq" kd bn gdfdsnajñf kd oj ynksd ejajdsmf pdsqmq& Ed n~tï" amom jbtq{snajñf" tfmq otz csdpdq"kdcjkmq n D`sêf Edsfîfkd|" db pjdlm<

Cjdf qê ~td db {sjq{d nadf{m ~td db fît`sngm dfpïn

kd bn kjq{nf{d ybnzn km db pjdf{m bm nssmlñ"kdq{doybnsî bmq {jdsfmq namskdq kd nbdgsïn~td amf qtq ybda{smq kd msm {d csjfkn jbtqjñf&

Z qê {nocjêf ~td ~tjqm qtq ïf{jomq ydqnsdqkdlns df db mbpjkm z kdqyds{ns qt `d"

z dfpjns{d db df{tqjnq{n anf{ns kd qtq anf{nsdq"oîq ktbad ~td bnq fm{nq kdb jkïbjam sncdb&

Onq zn atnfkm db qnf{tnsjm kdb nbon qd amfpjds{ddf stjfnq cnlm db cdqm nonsgm kdb ydqns"bnq bjsnq dfotkdadf z nb qmybm kd bn otds{d

bn bt| kd bn dqydsnf|n qd nyngn df db nb{ns&

Ynsn nemsn zm ed bbdgnkm n tfn dknk ~td êb fmbbdgñ n nbanf|ns yms encdsbd `nb{nkm n êb" ynsn dbbm"ftdpd nþmq&Zm df{mfadq {dfïn an{msad" z ~tdkê nn`smf{ns bn pjkn cnlm oj atdf{n z sjdqgm kdqkd df/

{mfadq& Nqï qd duybjan ~td enzn jkm z pdfjkm {nf{mdf {nf{nq kjsdaajmfdq qjf n{jfns fjfgtfn& Ysjodsm`tj nysdfkj| kd cm{jan" kdqytêq om|m kdb ojqom lt|gnkm df ~td oj ynksd encïn qjkm ltd|" z df bm~td qjgtd" z yms db mskdf ojqom df ~td bm nytf{m<nysdfkj| kd |nyn{dsm" nysdfkj| kd ybn{dsm" kdydf/



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kjdf{d df {jdfkn kd smyn" d{a&Z ojdf{snq {nf{m `tjyngnfkm on{dsjnq kd ysdynsn{msjn" nysmpdaenfkm~td nbbî df Bdñf nkoj{ïnf ~td tfm dq{tkjnsn df qtanqn n bn emsn ~td ytkjdsn" z btdgm qmbjaj{nsn dun/odf n {ï{tbm kd qt`jajdfajn&

Pjfd n Oêujam n jfqasjcjsod df bn @natb{nk kdKdsdaem df db nþm kd >:34& Neï dq{tkjê enq{n >:35&^tjqd kdlns dqmq dq{tkjmq" yms encdsod ynsdajkm pnaïm z qjf odmbbm kd qtq{nfajn pdsknkdsn bm ~tdneï qd nysdfkd& Kd n~tdbbn duydsjdfajn nüf amf/qdspm bn joysdqjñf kd ~td bmq dqynbknsn|mq kd bmq

{ï{tbmq tfjpdsqj{nsjmq fm qmf oîq ~td tf `sntkd&Dqydajnbodf{d yms bm ~td sdqyda{n n bjadfajnkmq"oêkjamq" ondq{smq z kma{msdq df kdsdaem" ns{dq" `j/bmqm`ïn" bd{snq" zn ~td db kmf kd ltjajm" bn jf{dbjgdf/ajn asdnkmsn" bn jf~tjd{tk od{n`ïqjan" qmf kmfdq~td qd {sndf kd fnajojdf{m" z fj bmq oîq amfqyj/

atmq sdysdqdf{nf{dq nb tqm kd bn nt{msjknk tfjpds/qj{nsjn qncsïnf kjq{jfgtjs tf pdsknkdsm ngsnajnkm"kd tf qjoybd nfm{nkms kd `daenq kd fnajojdf{m kdnt{msdq" kd bmomq kd bjcsmq z m{snq cngn{dbnq"nadsan kd `jbñqm`mq m ns{jq{nq&

Df oj `msonajñf fm atdf{m" ytdq" qjfm bn ysdyn/

sn{msjn" z bn dqatdbn" n oj omkm kd pds" nüf oîq jo/yms{nf{d" kd bn pjkn kjsda{n" kdb amf{na{m amf bmqemocsdq kd ansfd z etdqm" z amf bmq bjcsmq ctdfmq z db otfkm&

Db sdqtb{nkm en qjkm< Nbgtfmq atdf{mq" nbgtfmq pdsqmq" tfn yjd|n kd

{dn{sm" kmq fmpdbnq" z tf bjcsm zn anqj {dsojfnkm" kdjkdnq z kd kd`jfjajmfdq&Kd bmq atnbdq qd enf dkj{nkm enq{n nemsn" bmq qj/

gtjdf{dq< [naenq " atdf{m ytcbjankm yms bn Qdasd{nsïnkd Dktanajñf df db nþm kd >:35&

Db qdþms kd ynbm " atdf{mq" Dkj{msjnb‒Nadf{m‟" >:13&



4

Atdf{mq " Dkjajñf kd bn Tfjpdsqjknk" >:;>& %N~tï qdjfabtzdf bmq atdf{mq nf{dq odfajmfnkmq" z m{smqatn{sm*&

Df{sd nyngnkmq otsmq " pdsqmq& Dkjajñf kd bn Tfj/ pdsqjknk kd >:;1&

Bn ynbmon" db qñ{nfm z bn {mssd " fmpdbn" >:;:&Adssn|ñf qmcsd Fjañonam " ½atdf{m bnsgm8 fmpdbn

ams{n= Dkjajñf kdb nt{ms" >:;0& Z pnsjmq" jfabtzdfkm asï{jan" df kjnsjmq" bjcsmq ed/

aemq df ambncmsnajñf amom Maem ymd{nq odujanfmq " z sdpjq{nq&

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Qj{jm nyns{d gtnskñ D`sêf Edsfîfkd| %>:9;/>:45*df{sd bmq dqasj{msdq kd qt gdfdsnajñf& Df >:35 qd kjmn amfmads amf tf atdf{m"[naenq" ~td encsïn kd knsbdfm qñbm fm{msjdknk qjfm db qmcsdfmocsd amf ~td qtq

nojgmq adsanfmq bm kdqjgfncnf& Ojdf{snq qtq amf/{doymsîfdmq ctqancnf amf npjkd| db sdom|nojdf{mkd bnq bd{snq fnajmfnbdq df dldoybmq ysmpdfjdf{dq kdm{snq bdfgtnq ‛yns{jatbnsodf{d bn `snfadqn‛" êb qdonf{tpm nydgnkm n bn {snkjajñf anq{dbbnfn z" bmojqom df pdsqm ~td df ysmqn" ysd`jsjñ sdatssjs n bnq

gsnfkdq `jgtsnq kd bmq Qjgbmq kd Msm ~td pjpj`janfqtq oê{mkmq duysdqjpmq z bd adkjdsmf bmq ombkdqynsn pds{ds qt domajñf ydsqmfnb z db n`îf kd ydsajcjsjfqñbj{mq on{jadq kdb otfkm jfodkjn{m& Kdqkd bnqatn{sm ynsdkdq kd qt atns{m" n{jqcnfkm yms bmq sjfam/fdq" dfadfkjdfkm amf bn ynbncsn mcld{m {snq mcld{m"



0

dpmanfkm qtadkjkmq qjf onzms sdbjdpd" asdñ tf tfj/ pdsqm mqajbnf{d ~td pn kd bn odsn onbjajn nb dqybdf/kms `snfam kd bm ymê{jam& Df ctdfn ysmymsajñf" qtysmqn dq tf ytdf{d ny{m ynsn onf{dfds bn amf{j/ftjknk kd ajds{mq dqasj{msdq odujanfmq ~td" amom

jfodkjn{nodf{d nf{dq bm encïn edaem Ojasñq %>505/>:95*" qtdbdf kdqatcsjs df bn ynbyj{najñf kd bmfjojm" df bn yd~tdþd| kd bn pjkn am{jkjnfn" db {do/cbms kd bn dujq{dfajn&

Kdbgnkm n oîq fm ymkds" cnlm kd dq{n{tsn" du{sn/ pngnf{d df db pdq{js z onbjajmqm amom ymamq" D`sêf

Edsfîfkd| dsn ktdþm kd tfn jf{dbjgdfajn jfqjftnf{d~td qd dfatcsïn amf bn jfgdftjknk ysdodkj{nkn kd~tjdf jgfmsn db df{tqjnqom kdb my{jojqom& Fm encïndf qtq fmpdbnq z atdf{mq bn edsmjajknk ~td nqmocsn"fj bmq gsj{mq ~td dfqmskdadf8 {noymam sdatssjñ ngstdqnq yjfadbnknq ynsn ymfds nf{d ftdq{smq mlmq

ydsqmfnldq pjmbdf{mq m nfjonkmq yms bn gsnfkd|n kdqtq nkdonfdq" fj amfadkjñ n qt m`jajm kjq{jf{m kdq/{jfm ~td sd`bdlns db dqyïsj{t kd ~tjdf" ntf df emsnqgsn{nq n bn kdqodqtsn jongjfn{jpn" qncïn m{msgns ysd/dojfdfajn n bn sn|ñf& @sdatdf{dodf{d n qt ymdqïnbbdgncnf damq kd nf{jgtnq pmadq z ysmadkjojdf{mq

‛ynbncsnq ymam tqnknq" `snqdq ~td qd nftknf amfkjgsdqjmfdq" joîgdfdq ~td ydanf kd qjfadsnq‛ ~tdnb kdqadfkds n qt qmbdknk qd dfsj~tdaïnf amf qdf/qnajmfdq joytbqnknq yms tfn kmbjdf{d sd`bdujñf& Qjnbgüf dyï{d{m bd amssdqymfkd dq db kd kjpngnkms& Kdbn csdpdknk kd bn pjkn n bn noybj{tk kd bn nbamcn"

kd bn kjq{snaajñf nb qtdþm" kd pdf{nfnq n ftcdq" qtybton qnb{ncn îgjbodf{d amfktajkn yms tfn kjpdsqj/knk kd jkdnq ~td kdqdocmancnf n pdadq df db îo/cj{m kd bn jfads{jktocsd&N yns{js kdb atdf{m‒[naenq‟‛z D`sêf Edsfîfkd| `td qmcsd {mkm tf atdf{jq{n‛qt ydsqmfnbjknk bj{dsnsjn ~tdkñ kd`jfjkn& Bn jf~tjd/



7

{tk ~td kjq{snïn qt odf{d fm qñbm bm nssnqñ enajn bmysm`ê{jam fj bm amfpjs{jñ df db bj{dsn{m ~td df tfnqatnf{nq yîgjfnq sdqtdbpd bn jfqjq{dfajn kd qtq ktknq&Fm `sdatdf{ñ bmq an{nabjqomq fj nan{ñ db bbnonkm kdbn {sngdkjn qjfm ~td" yms db amf{snsjm" ej|m db amfqn/

cjkm pjnld nbsdkdkms kd qt atns{m" kdqbj|îfkmqd dfoüb{jybdq kjpngnajmfdq" z nbbï ojqom ~tdoñ bnqfnpdq& Qt duadbdfajn sdqjkd" ysdajqnodf{d" df dqm< df~td" qj cjdf kjbn{ñ db ltdgm kd bmq {donq" fm ~tjqmqnbjs kdb bdpd ytsgn{msjm kd qt nbon&

Nanqm fnkjd" df bnq bd{snq odujanfnq kd bmq üb{j/

omq btq{smq" enzn sdkna{nkm qtq {du{mq amf {nb qd/odlnf|n amfqjgm ojqom" amf {nf{m noms yms qtïf{jom joytbqm n`da{jpm& Otaem amf{sjctzñ n sd`ms/|ns dqn na{j{tk bn `jkdbjknk n bm nt{mcjmgsî`jam& Bnqduydsjdfajnq jfodkjn{nq" db sdatdskm kd bnq ynqnknq"bn qmqydaen kd bnq pdfjkdsnq" nynsdadf n {snomq

{snfq`msonkmq df ojftajmqnq mcqdspnajmfdq&‒Odamfmaïn ens{m yïansm z ens{m omqan otds{n z oî{n/bmq anbbnfkm ‛kjad‛" z ysdajqnodf{d df dq{nqonbnq ysmyjdknkdq cnqncn oj qn{jq`naajñf" z dfdq{nq km{dq" df sjgms fdgn{jpnq" ymfïn {mkn oj amo/ybnadfajn&‟ Dqm dsn kd fjþm" z kd ydsqmfn onzms

{nbdq ysdojqnq" `tfknknq df bn kdq{sd|n kd qtq du/ysdqjmfdq bj{dsnsjnq" bd nbbnfnsmf db anojfm ynsnenads ctsbn ntf kd qtq ysmyjmq ydfqnojdf{mq& Bnkdqjbtqjñf onsancn db sj{om n otaenq kd dqnq nsgt/odf{najmfdq jf{dsjmsdq& Nqï nb ysdgtf{nsqd yms bnynbncsn‒noms‟" dqasjcjñ jf{dfajmfnknodf{d<‒Bbdgñ

df{mfadq otaem oîq nkdf{sm kd oï" ydfd{sñ enq{nbn nbamcn df kmfkd ktdsodf bnq ynbncsnq" qd ~tj{ñdb qmocsdsm" qd kdqftkñ kd qt qjgfj`jankm z"otds{n" otds{daj{n kd qtdþm qd ~tdkñ kmsojkn"‟Db‒qjbdfajm kd kdqdmq‟" ~td encïn amfmajkm Ojgtdbkd Ombjfmq" smfkncn qt amfajdfajn&



5

Pnsjmq ymdonq" tfn fmpdbn ‛Bn ynbmon" db qñ{nfm z bn {mssd‛" tf `sngodf{m ‛~td jfjajnbodf{d `ms/oncn yns{d kd bn nf{dsjms‛" tfn fmpdbn ams{n ‛Ad/ssn|ñf qmcsd Fjañonam‛ z nbgtfmq atdf{mqamoysdfkd bn ysmktaajñf kd D`sêf Edsfîfkd|&Nkd/

oîq" otb{j{tk kd ns{ïatbmq kd asï{jan bj{dsnsjn z amf/qjkdsnajmfdq kd ïfkmbd pnsjnkn" tfn amodkjn" tfn‒{sngjctsbdkjn ajfdon{mgsî`jan‟dqasj{n df ambncmsn/ajñf

z tfmq atnf{mq ysñbmgmq sd`tds|nf qt bncms& Dbysdqdf{d pmbtodf kd Mcsnq ", ~td sdamgd bn ymsajñf

qmcsdqnbjdf{d kd qt {sncnlm" nztknsî n sdamfmadsbddqd qj{jm nyns{d ~td" yms amfq{nf{d amfpjaajñf" dbjgjñdf{sd qtq amf{doymsîfdmq&

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Dsnf bnq 0 z 14 ojft{mq kd bn {nskd&Db ondq{sm kjlm< ½^tê amqn qmf {naenq= ydsm zm

dq{ncn ydfqnfkm df otaenq amqnq8 nkdoîq" fm qncïnbn abnqd&Db qnbñf kd dq{mq edaemq {jdfd {sdq ytds{nq" kd on/

kdsn yjf{nkn kd smlm" amf tf pjksjm df ankn emln"kdqytbjkm df bn oj{nk kd ncnlm&

N {snpêq kd bn yns{d fm kdqytbjkn kdb pjksjm kd bn

ytds{n kd bn ancdadsn kdb qnbñf" pdïnfqd" kdqkd db btgnsdf ~td zm dq{ncn< tf ydkn|m kd ynsdk" tf ydkn|m kdytds{n z tfmq nbnocsdq kd bn jfq{nbnajñf kd bt| dbêa/{sjan& N {snpêq kd bn ytds{n kd df odkjm" qd pdïn bmojqom" ymam oîq m odfmq bm ojqom" z" `jfnbodf{d" n{snpêq kd bn {dsadsn ytds{n" bnq ombktsnq kdb sdon{d kd

tfn ambtofn z tf btgnsaj{m {sjnfgtbns kdb ajdbm&Yms dq{d {sjnfgtbj{m jcnf ynqnfkm ftcdq" ftcdq"bdf{nodf{d& Fm pj& ynqns df {mkm db {jdoym" qjfmftcdq" z tf pdbm|" îgjb" `tgj{jpm yîlnsm&

Dq otz kjpds{jkm amf{doybns bnq ftcdq" bnq ftcdq~td ynqnf" bnq ftcdq ~td anocjnf kd `mson" ~td qd

pnf du{dfkjdfkm" ~td qd pnf nbnsgnfkm" ~td qd {tds/adf" ~td qd smoydf" qmcsd db ajdbm n|tb" tf ymam kdq/ytêq ~td {dsojfñ bn bbtpjn&

Db ondq{sm kjlm<‛½^tê amqn qmf {naenq=Bn ynbncsj{n du{snþn qd od{jñ df ojq mïkmq amom

tf sn{ñf n qt ngtldsm" z qd ~tdkñ df êb ngn|nynkn&Kdqytêq df{sñ tf qjbdfajm anojfnfkm df bnq ytf{j/{nq kd bmq yjdq" tf qjbdfajm ~td" amom {mkmq bmq qj/bdfajmq" fm enaïn stjkm&

Fm qê yms~tê" ydsm zm yjdfqm ~td bm ~td od ej|m pmbpds" ntf~td n odkjnq" n bn sdnbjknk" fm `tdsmf bnq



>9

ynbncsnq" qjfm db qjbdfajm ~td kdqytêq qd ej|m8 yms/~td db ondq{sm dq{ncn encbnfkm kdqkd otaem nf{dq" z" qjf docnsgm" zm fm encïn dqataenkm fnkn&

½[naenq= ½Ydsm" ~tê amqn qmf {naenq= Ydfqê zm&½^tjêf pn n qncds bm ~td qmf {naenq= Fnkjd qncd qj/

~tjdsn ~tê amqn qmf amqnq" fnkjd qncd fnkn" fnkn& Zm" yms oj yns{d" amom dldoybm" fm ytdkm kdajs bm

~td qmz" fj qj~tjdsn ~tê amqn dq{mz enajdfkm n~tï" fjynsn ~tê bm dq{mz enajdfkm& Fm qê {noymam qj dq{nsîcjdf m onb& Yms~td df kd`jfj{jpn" ½~tjêf dq n~tdb ~tdbd n{jfñ amf qt pdsknkdsm anojfm= ½^tjêf dq n~tdb

~td dq{î qdgtsm kd fm encdsqd d~tjpmankm=Qjdoysd {dfksdomq dq{n ktkn ysjomskjnb&Df bm nfaem kd bn pjkn pnf `msonfkm ftodsm/

qmq ast|nojdf{mq bmq qdfkdsmq& ½Yms atîb kjsjgjsd/omq ftdq{smq ynqmq= ½Df{sd dq{mq pdjf{d" df{sddq{mq {sdjf{n" df{sd dq{mq ojb anojfmq" atîb qdsî

n~têb" ~td tfn pd| qdgtjkm" fm fmq kdld db {doms kdencds dssnkm= Nemsn" db ajdbm" ftdpnodf{d qd atcsïn kd ftcdq" d

jcnf enajêfkmqd df ankn omodf{m oîq dqydqnq8 kdn|tb" qñbm ~tdkncn qjf atcsjs tf ydknaj{m kdb {nonþmkd tf ~tjf{m& Tfn bbmpj|fn bdf{n kdqadfkïn" on{d/

oî{janodf{d pds{janb" yms~td db njsd dq{ncn jfoñpjb"amom tfn dq{n{tn&Adspnf{dq fmq ysdqdf{n df qt bjcsm< [sncnlmq kd

Ydsqjbdq z Qdgjqotfkn " tfn bbnftsn jfoñpjb z df dbbndq{îf bmq ydsdgsjfnf{dq" cnlm db ajdbm gsjq" z df bn an/cd|n kd dbbmq" enz dq{n ojqon ysdgtf{n&Z df {mkm db

bjcsm fm bbdgn n sdqmbpdsbn&Dq{d ysmcbdon fm jf~tjd{n n bmq nfjonbdq" fj n bnqybnf{nq" fj n bnq yjdksnq& Dbbmq bm enf sdqtdb{m `îajb/odf{d" ybdgîfkmqd n bn pmbtf{nk kd bn Fn{tsnbd|n&Db ngtn enad cjdf" yds`da{nodf{d" qjgtjdfkm bnatdq{n" qjf jf{df{ns qtcjs&



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Kd dq{n ojqon onfdsn" ynsdad ~td bm sdqmbpjñAdspnf{dq" fm df Ydsqjbdq ~td dsn tf atdskm" qjfm dfKmf ^tjlm{d" ~td dq tf bmam&

Kmf ^tjlm{d qmb{ncn bnq sjdfknq nb ancnbbm d jcnoîq {snf~tjbm z qdgtsm ~td fmqm{smq&

Db ondq{sm kjlm<‛½^tê amqn qmf {naenq=Qmcsd db nbnocsd" cnlm db nsam" ymqñ tf ynlnsj{m kj/

ojft{m" kd ambms kd {jdssn" qnatkjdfkm bnq ybtonqynsn nssmlns db ngtn&

Anf{ncn db ynlnsj{m" t ̀ j`ï& `j`ï& Kd ̀ jlm db ynlnsj{m dq/

{ncn otz amf{df{m& Kjlm dq{m amf bn gnsgnf{n nb njsd8ydsm df atnf{m bm kjlm qd ytqm ydfqn{jpm& Fm" ydfqñ"amf qdgtsjknk" dq{n anfajñf fm dq dbdgnf{d& Ydsm fmdsn êq{n bn pdsknk" od kj atdf{n" m asdï knsod atdf{n"kd ~td db ynlnsj{m fm ydfqncn amf qjfadsjknk& Bn pds/knk dsn m{sn" bn pdsknk dsn ~td ~tjdf qjbcncn dq{nanfajñf dsn bn asjnkn" z êb qdf{ïn enajn dbbn ajds{n nf/{jyn{ïn" yms~td atnfkm bd nssdgbncn bn lntbn" bm enaïnkd ysjqn z amf onb omkm&

Bn asjnkn kd dqn anqn" ½qd bbnoncn Jodbkn= Fm&Jodbkn dq bn otaenaen ~td pdfkd ajgnssmq‒Dbd/gnf{dq‟" ajgnssmq‒Omfnsanq‟" aejabdq" aemambn{dq z adsjbbnq" df db dq{nf~tjbbm kd bn dq~tjfn& ½Onsgn/sj{n= Fm" {noymam qd bbnoncn Onsgnsj{n& Onsgnsj{ndq fmocsd yns tfn otlds cmfj{n z lmpdf" kd onfmqbnsgnq z cbnfanq" z kd mlmq kmsnkmq& ½Yd{sn= Qï" êq{dqï dq fmocsd kd asjnkn" m [naen& ½Ydsm df ~tê dq{n/sïn ydfqnfkm atnfkm kjld ~td fnkjd qncd ~tê amqndq {naen=

Dq tfn bîq{jon ~td db ynlnsj{m qd enzn jkm& ½Ynsnkñfkd qd encsî jkm nemsn db ynlnsj{m= Nemsn dq{nsîynsnkm df m{sm nbnocsd" anf{nfkm t `jjjjj" ydsm zm znfm bm dqataem& Dq tfn bîq{jon&



>3

Zn db ajdbm dq{ncn tf ymam kdqatcjds{m" dsn tf jf/{dsodkjm df bn bbmpj|fn& Bbdgncn db nfmaedajojdf{mbdf{nodf{d& Bn bbdgnkn kd bn qmocsn bd kncn tf qdf/{jkm oîq emfkm nb ̀ jsonodf{m& Bnq dq{sdbbnq kd {mknqbnq fmaedq" bnq dq{sdbbnq kd qjdoysd" amodf|nsmf n

ncsjsqd yms mskdf kd dq{n{tsnq z kjq{nfajnq&Kd ncnlm qtcïn db stjkm kd {mkn bn ajtknk8 kd

nssjcn anïn db qjbdfajm kd {mkm db jf`jfj{m&Kd ajds{m" fm qê ~td amqn {jdfd db ajdbm n~tï" ~td

{snfqynsdf{n db tfjpdsqm n {snpêq kd tf pdbm kd{sjq{d|n&

Nbbî qmf otz snsnq bnq {nskdq amom êq{n" anqjqjdoysd qd otdq{sn db ajdbm {snfqynsdf{d" {dþjkm kdtf onsnpjbbmqm n|tb" ~td fm ed dfamf{snkm ftfan dfm{sn yns{d nbgtfn& Atnfkm doyjd|n n nfmaedads" qd pdf df qt `mfkm bnq dq{sdbbnq" jfamf{ncbdq" amom nsd/fj{nq kd msm cnlm ajds{nq ngtnq ~td {jdfdf ysjpjbdgjmq

kd kjnonf{d& Nbbî qd pdf oîq abnsj{nq ~td df fjfgtfn yns{d bnq`naajmfdq kd bn btfn& ^tjdf fm en dq{nkm nbbî" kd pdsknk fm qncd añom qdsî bn btfn& [nb pd|" yms dq{m"{jdfdf n~tï bn jkdn kd ~td bn btfn dq odbnfañbjan&Êq{n dq tfn gsnf odf{jsn kd bn bj{dsn{tsn& ®^tê en kd

qds odbnfañbjan bn btfn.Bn btfn dq qmfsjdf{d z qmfsmqnkn" bm ~td ynqn dq~td n~tï fm bm amfmadf& Qt qmfsjqn dq qtnpd" kd{sîqkd qtq bncjm nqmonf tfmq kjdf{dq odftkj{mq z `jfmq" amom ydsbnq" z qtq mlmq qmf pjmbîadmq" kd dqdambms bjgdsnodf{d bjbn ~td pdomq df bn `sdf{d kd bnq

nbcnq" z df{msfm n qtq mldsnq `bmsdadf onfmlj{mq kd pjmbd{nq" amom qtdbdf nbsdkdkms kd bnq `tdf{dq ysm/`tfknq&

Nbbî {mkm dq jfonatbnkm" nbbî {mkm dq qjf {naenq&&&{naenq" m{sn pd| {naenq& ½Df ~tê dq{nsïn zm ydfqnfkm"atnfkm kjld ~td fnkjd qncd ~tê amqnq qmf {naenq=



>1

Encïn ydfqnkm dq{m amf bn ysmyjn pdbmajknk kdbydfqnojdf{m" z ~td Kjmq kjgn bm ~td qdgtjsïn ydf/qnfkm" qj fm `tdsn yms~td db ondq{sm sdyj{jñ ymsatns{n m ~tjf{n pd|" z zn amf pm| oîq `tds{d<

‛½^tê amqn qmf {naenq=

Z nþnkjñ<‛N tq{dk dq n ~tjdf qd bm ysdgtf{m" n tq{dk"

qdþms Ltîsd|&‛½N oï" ondq{sm=‛Qï qdþms" n tq{dk&Df{mfadq `td atnfkm od kj atdf{n kd tfn otb{j{tk

kd amqnq& Df ysjods btgns" {mkmq od pdïnf `jlnodf{d&Df qdgtfkm btgns" z qjf fjfgüf gêfdsm kd ktknq" dbondq{sm qd kjsjgïn n oï& Df {dsads btgns" bnq cnscnq z bmqcjgm{dq kdb ondq{sm ynsdaïnf ftcdq df `mson kd cjgm/{dq z kd cnscnq" z df atns{m btgns" nbgtfnq m{snq8 ydsmbn pdsknkdsnodf{d gsnpd dsn bn qdgtfkn&

Onbmq amfqdlmq" duydsjodf{mq {tscjmq kd onbmqdq{tkjnf{dq" od nqnb{nsmf df{mfadq z od nqdgtsnsmf~td dsn fdadqnsjm kdajs nbgm&

‛Bm ydms kd {mkm dq anbbnsqd" od encïnf kjaem&Z nqï" {mknpïn fm kdqyds{nkm yms amoybd{m" encbê qjf{mf fj qmf" bm ysjodsm ~td od pjfm n bn ancd|n&

Fm ymksïn zm n{jfns amf db ysmadkjojdf{m ~tddoybdñ oj adsdcsm bbdfm kd {nf{mq yîlnsmq z kd {nf/{nq ftcdq" ynsn qnbjs kdb ynqm" ydsm db anqm dq ~td dq/ataensmf {mkm dq{m ~td zm qmb{ê otz qdsjnodf{d<

‛Ondq{sm" dq{n ynbncsn {jdfd otaenq nadyajmfdq" z amom nüf dq {jdoym" ytdq anqj fmq qmcsn odkjn

emsn" ysmatsnsê dunojfns ankn tfn kd dbbnq" amodf/|nfkm yms bn odfmq joyms{nf{d" z qjgtjdfkm ysmgsd/qjpnodf{d" qdgüf db jf{dsêq ~td ankn tfn fmqysdqdf{d&

Zm dq{mz kdqdfgnþnkm kd ~td fm dq{mz bmam8 qj bmdq{tpjdsn" ½yms ~tê bm encsïn kd fdgns=" bm ~td ynqn



>;

dq m{sn amqn" ~td fm dq{î ctdfm duybjans" yms ~td qtduybjanajñf dq bnsgn& Kd omkm ~td bn pd| n ~td od pdfgm sd`jsjdfkm" zm encbncn amom qj dq{tpjdsn qmbm"omfmbmgnfkm&Z fm{m ~td tq{dk gtnskn qjbdfajm& & &

Tq{dk" df n~tdb sn{m" ynsn oï" fm qjgfj`jancn

fnkjd8 qdgüf bn sdnbjknk" kdcïn qds db ondq{sm8 qdgüfbn gsnoî{jan" n~tdb n ~tjdf kjsjgjdsn bn ynbncsn" oîqynsn oï" tq{dk fm dsn fnkjd" ncqmbt{nodf{d fnkjd&Dsn db ydsqmfnld jongjfnsjm" amf ~tjdf zm ybn{jamatnfkm dq{mz n qmbnq& Ctqanfkm db btgns ~td bd am/ssdqymfkn df{sd bmq anqjbbdsmq kd bn nfnbmgïn" amssdq/

ymfkd n dq{n ynbncsn db btgns kd bmq ysmfmocsdq8qjf docnsgm" fm dq tf ysmfmocsd ydsqmfnb" fj fjf/güf ysmfmocsd kd bmq zn abnqj`jankmq& Dq tfn qtds{dkd ysmfmocsd ydsqmfnb ~td" ymam oîq m odfmq"ytdkd kd`jfjsqd nqï& Tfn ynbncsn ~td zm tqm nbgtfnq pdadq yns `jfgjs ~td encbm amf nbgtjdf" dq{nfkm df

sdnbjknk n qmbnq& Qdgtï<‛Fm{m ~td tq{dk gtnskn qjbdfajm" z amom db ~tdanbbn m{msgn" knsê ysjfajyjm" enajêfkmbm kd bn on/fdsn ~td zn kjld& Bn ysjodsn nadyajñf" ytdq" dq bnqjgtjdf{dq< {dsadsn ydsqmfn kdb ysdqdf{d kd jfkjan/{jpm kdb pdscm {naens" ~td qjgfj`jan< ymfds tfn bïfdn

qmcsd tfn ynbncsn" tf sdfgbñf m tf füodsm ~tdenzn qjkm onb dqasj{m& Bn qdgtfkn dq m{sn< qj tfnydsqmfn {jdfd yms fmocsd Nfnq{nqjn" ~tjdf bn~tjdsn otaem" doybdnsî" ynsn kdqjgfnsbn" dq{n yn/bncsn& Nqï " db fmpjm" bd kjsî<

‛[ü dsdq oj pjkn"[naen&

Bn onoî<‛½Zn cnssjq{d" [naen" bn encj{najñf kd {t ynyî=Db edsonfm<‛®Nfkn"[naen" añqdod dq{d cm{ñf. Z `jfnbodf{d" ynsn fm nbnsgnsod otaem" db on/

sjkm" qj bn pd kdqatjknkn %[naen ytdkd enads `tfajm/



>4

fdq d Snomfn*" qnbksî ym~tj{m n ymam" qjf kdajs fjf/gtfn amqn&

Bn {dsadsn dq n~têbbn df ~td nynsdad `msonfkmyns{d kd tfn bmatajñf nkpdscjnb&Z dq{n qjgfj`janajñf"{jdfd ~td pds üfjanodf{d amf tfm kd {nf{mq omkmq

kd ysdynsns bn anbncn|n& ½^tjêf dq n~têb ~td fm enmïkm kdajs nbgtfn pd|" anbncn|n df {naen= Z" yms üb/{jom" bn nadyajñf df ~td bn {mon ftdq{sm añkjgm kdysmadkjojdf{mq&

N~tï df{mfê" kd onfdsn ~td qd fm{nsn cjdf" tfytf{m `jfnb&

Z Ms{dgtj{n" db ynajdf{d ondq{sm ~td kja{n df bnaî{dksn kd ysmadkjojdf{mq" amf bn ongfnfjojknk kdtf qnf{m" jfqjftñ ynajdf{dodf{d<

‛Z" kïgnfmq qdþms" ½df ~tê nadyajñf bn {mon dbañkjgm kd ysmadkjojdf{mq=

Nemsn" zn tf ym~tj{m amejcjkm" amf`dqê<

‛Êqn dq bn üfjan nadyajñf ~td fm amfm|am& Tq{dkod ydskmfnsî" ondq{sm" ydsm & & &[mkm db otfkm qd sjñ< Ngtjbns" Ljoêfd|[npdsn" Ymf/

ajnfj{m" Dbmkjn Ast|" Ms{dgtj{n&[mkmq" qd sjdsmf" odfmqdb [bnatnaed z zm ~td fm qmomq kd dq{d otfkm&

Zm fm ytdkm enbbns db aejq{d" ydsm {dmsj|nfkm" od

ynsdad ~td anqj {mkm bm ~td dq ncqtskm enad sdïs&[nb pd| yms~td dq{nomq df tf otfkm df ~td {mkm dqncqtskm" bm ncqtskm ynsdad fn{tsnb z bm fn{tsnb yn/sdad ncqtskm Z zm qmz nqï" od ynsdad fn{tsnb qdsamom qmz& Ynsn bmq m{smq fm" ynsn bmq m{smq qmz du{sn/ pngnf{d&

Bm fn{tsnb qdsïn" kjad Gñod| kd bn Qdsfn" ~tdbmq ynlnsj{mq kmsojkmq qd anzdsnf kd bmq îscmbdq&Z {mkmq bm qncdomq cjdf" ntf~td dq ncqtskm" bmq yn/ lnsj{mq fm qd andf&

Zn dq{mz df bn anbbd" bn bbmpj|fn and" z pjdfkm zm bnonfdsn amom bbtdpd" dq{mz qdgtsm kd ~td n bm bdlmq"



>0

ydskjkm df{sd bnq anbbdq" nbgtjdf" kd{sîq kd tfnq pj/ksjdsnq" dq{î bbmsnfkm yms~td bbtdpd nqï&

Q NF[N [DSDQN

Nemsn ~td od pmz `jlnfkm" dq{d atns{m fm dq tfatns{m n ysmyñqj{m ynsn pjpjs&

Qd amfmad& Bn pjkn dq kdonqjnkm ams{n z db atns{m

kdonqjnkm bnsgm&Qj zm ̀ tdsn anssd{d kd ejbm" ymksïn namq{nsod df êbqjf kmcbns bnq smkjbbnq&

Bn sdbnajñf df{sd qtq kjodfqjmfdq kdqd~tjbjcsn z bm ymfd n tfm kd onb gdfjm8 ydsm ~tjdf bm ej|m kdcjñqds" n ydqns kd {mkm" otz jf{dbjgdf{d" otz ysdpjqms"

z ysdanpjkm" ytdq" ysdpjêfkmbm {mkm" amfq{stzñ tfnytds{n z" yms dbbn" ytdkd tfm qnbjs&Bn ytds{n amotfjan amf db yn{jm&Df db adf{sm kdb yn{jm enz tfn `tdf{d qjf ngtn&Db ngtn bn {sndf kdb mlm kd ngtn z db mlm kd ngtn bm

ytqm Kjmq df bn ytf{n kdb adssm&

M{sm odkjm kd dqanyd dq bn pdf{nfn&N~tdbbn atn/ksnkn z yd~tdþj{n pjqjcbd kdqkd n~tï& N~tï" ~tjdsdkdajs tf btgns otz ysñujom n bn anon" df kmfkddq{mz qdf{nkm amf gnfnq kd kmsojs8 oîq {dodsmqmkd namq{nsod&

Bn anon fm dq oj amfmajkn" z amom pj ~td dq fdt/

snq{êfjan z kd {mkm {jdocbn" z qê ~td oj qtdþm dqamom bn {jdssn8 {jdfd kmq ompjojdf{mq< tfm kd sm{n/ajñf z m{sm kd {snqbnajñf" ytdkd qds ~td atnfkm zmotdpn bn anon dq{ê ydfqnfkm df m{sn amqn& Df dq{danqm qd qmsysdfkdsïn" ymksïn enq{n kdqonznsqd" km/cbns bnq yjdsfnq z kns amfojgm df {jdssn&



>7

Sdamfm|am ~td bn {jdssn dq ftdq{sn onksd" ktbad"yjnkmqn z kjgfn kd ftdq{sm ansjþm8 ydsm dq{mq df/atdf{smq kdcdf enadsqd sdymqnknodf{d" amf bnonzms qtnpjknk ~td qdn ymqjcbd& Ynsn cnlns n dbbndq fdadqnsjm ~td dq{domq jfqdfqjcjbj|nkmq" ~td fmq

gtnskdf df tfn anln `mssnkn kd amljfdq z ~td fmqcnldf amf ynsnanïknq m amskdbdq& Kd fjfgtfn on/fdsn amf dq{n anon ymksïn enadsbm8 nqï ymksïn kdqan/bncsnsod& Nemsn ftdpnodf{d pdm amom {dfïn sn|ñfatnfkm kjld< bn ydsqmfn ~td amfq{stzñ dq{n yjd|n dsnotz jf{dbjgdf{d& Df {mkmq bmq kd{nbbdq qd amfmad8

enq{n df dq{m kd ymfds ltf{m n bn anon tf adf{jfdbnynsn dpj{ns tf naajkdf{d&Db adf{jfdbn dq tf sd{sn{m kd Qnf{n[dsdqn kd Ldqüq"

~td atdbgn kd tf abnpj{m df bn ynsdk8 ydsm dbbn fmatoybd cjdf qt amod{jkm" ytdq dq{î kjq{snïkn" amf/{doybnfkm ~tjêf qncd ~tê amqnq df db ajdbm& ½Tf

nq{sm= Fm" db ajdbm dq{î ftcbnkm& ½Tf nfgdbj{m= Fm"{noymam dq{î amf{doybnfkm tf nfgdbj{m yms~td bmqnfgdbj{mq dq{îf oîq nbbî kd bnq dq{sdbbnq" z Qnf{n [d/sdqn fm pd n {snpêq kd tf an{nbdlm& Oîq cjdf ytdkdqds ~td dq{ê ojsnfkm tf gbmcm&

Kdqkd ~td bn pj {nf kjq{snïkn enf pdfjkm n ybn{j/

ansod atn{sm m ajfam onbmq ydfqnojdf{mq& ^tjdsdf~td bd yj~td bnq amq{jbbnq8 ~tjdsdf ~td bd qtdfd" kdsdydf{d" tf abnumf8 ~tjdsdf ~td bd ymfgn tf bîyj| ltf{m n bnq msdlnq z bd kjgn<‒Mjgn tq{dk" Qnf{n [dsdqnkd Ldqüq‟ynsn ~td nb pmb{dns qd yj~td bn fnsj|& Ydsm zm bdq kjgm ~td dq{mz df dq{n anqn kd pjqj{n" ~td tfn

ydsqmfn kdadf{d kdcd yms{nsqd amf amssdaajñf df bnq pjqj{nq z ~td qdsïn fdadqnsjm {dfds tfn dqanbdsn&[mkm dq{m qd bmq kjgm" qñbm ynsn ~td fm od qjgnf

ombdq{nfkm&Zm cjdf qê kñfkd ymksïn dfamf{sns tfndqanbdsn& Bn pdsknk dq ~td od qjoyn{j|n otaem qtansj{n&



>5

Df tf ysjfajyjm od ynsdajñ tf sd{sn{m kd `nojbjn&Db sd{sn{m kd tfn nctdbn m kd tfn {ïn kd kmf Ontsj/bjm8 ydsm atnfkm od ytqd bmq nf{dmlmq ftdpmq ejadtf kdqatcsjojdf{m< kdqatcsï qt fmocsd&

Tf fmocsd z tfn jongdf dsnf bmq üfjamq kn{mq

qtzmq ~td {dfïn& Oîq btdgm" qt {snld" z {snzdfkm n ojodomsjn db sd`sîf ~td kjad<‒Db {snld enad nb omfld‟" pjfd n qncds ~td fm dq db sd{sn{m kd fjfgtfn nctdbn"qjfm ~td qd {sn{n kd tfn omfln&

Yms kmq m {sdq ojft{mq od nqnb{ñ tfn ktkn& Cjdfymkïn qds tfn amodkjnf{n& Bnq amodkjnf{nq qd pjq/

{df amf atnb~tjds pdq{jkm&Tfn amodkjnf{n pdq{jkn kd omfln" fm dq tfnomfln& Ydsm df dq{d omodf{m tfn bnoynsj{n ~tdfm{ê nb nyngnsqd z yms~td qd nyngñ" od kjm n df{df/kds ~td qjf ktkn nbgtfn fm qd {sn{n kd tfn amod/kjnf{n& [mkm db otfkm qncd ~td n bnq amodkjnf{nq

fm qd bdq ysdfkdf bnoynsj{nq&Kdb ysmfmocsd ymqdqjpm ~td enz df qt fmocsd"kdktld ~td fm dq tfn ydsqmfn bjcsd z ~td qt ktdþmdq Ldqüq&

Df gdfdsnb dq otz kmbmsmqn bn pjkn kd bmq qjds/ pmq& ½En dq{tkjnkm" tq{dk" Kdsdaem Smonfm= ½En

bdïkm" tq{dk" bn ejq{msjn kd Dgjy{m= Atnfkm tfnydsqmfn dq kd amfkjajñf qdspjb" qt`sd otaem& Bmqqdþmsdq m ktdþmq amfqjkdsnf ~td qtq qjdspmq qmfamom nfjonbdq z bmq {sn{nf amf astdbknkdq jfntkj/{nq& Qjf docnsgm" Qnf{n [dsdqn kd Ldqüq {tpm onzms`ms{tfn8 yms~td" kd Ldqüq" qd kjad ~td `td otz

ctdfn gdf{d&Amf`jdqm ~td Ldqüq atnfkm yd~tdþm dsn tfn nb/enln& Bm ojqom kdaïn kd oï oj ynyî Fnaem& Yms dqm~tdsïn oîq n Ynbdoñf& Ynbdoñf dsn ltjajmqm" Ynbd/oñf dsn n{df{m" Ynbdoñf fm bdq ymfïn ambnq kd ynydbn bnq pjqj{nq&



>:

Ldqüq qnancn bmq `jdssmq kd bn ansyjf{dsïn kd Qnf Lmqê" Qnf Lmqê bm nssmkjbbncn z bd ymfïn msdlnq kdctssm" bn Pjsgdf bnpncn" Qnf{n Nfn {dfkïn&

Ydsm amf db {jdoym" Ldqüq anocjñ amoybd{nodf{d&Fmq bm kjadf Qnf On{dm" Qnf Ltnf" Qnf Btanq z Qnf

Onsamq<‒Amf bmq nþmq asdaïn df dknk" qncjktsïn z gsnajn kdbnf{d kd Kjmq z kd bmq emocsdq&‟

Bn fnssnajñf dq ktbad" ojbngsmqn" {snfqynsdf{damom db atsqm yntbn{jfm kdb Lmskîf&Z atnfkm otsjñ Ldqüq" bn {jdssn qd bbdfñ kd qmocsn&

Nemsn pn enajêfkmqd fmaed" ankn pd| qd enad oîq

fmaed& Fmq dq{nomq nadsanfkm nb oîq dq{sja{m bjf/kdsm kd bn fmaed& Db sdbml kjad ~td `nb{nf kmq ojft{mqynsn ~td qdnf bnq kmad& Kdldomq" ytdq" bn ejq{msjn" z pnomq n kmsojs&

®^tê ctdfn qtds{d {tpm Qnf{n [dsdqn kd Ldqüq.Atîf{m kjêsnomq fmqm{smq" emocsdq bjcsdq" yms qds

dqabnpmq kd tf qdþms {nf nynajcbd amom êq{d" ~tdqñbm qd dfmlñ tfn pd|" bn pd| ~td qd dfmlñ df bn Bn/gtfjbbn&

Atnfkm |tocn tf omq~tj{m zn qê ~td fm pmz nymkds kmsojs& N`ms{tfnknodf{d n~tï enz nt{msdqabîqjamq" odlmsdq ~td db csmotsnb ynsn db jfqmofjm&

Nb ncsjs db bjcsm qtadkd tfn jfasdïcbd amqn& Ed {m/ynkm amf bn ejq{msjn kd bnq {nf{nq pdadq nssjcn odf/ajmfnkn Qnf{n [dsdqn kd Ldqüq&

Nf{dq kjld< Pnomq n kmsojs& Nemsn kjgm< ½Tq{dk gtq{n=Pnomq n bdds&‒Qnf{n [dsdqn kd Ldqüq dsn jfanfqncbd" qd ompjñ

`dcsjbodf{d" fm ynsñ df {mkn qt pjkn&‟Btdgm pjdfd tf sdgnþm& Db nt{ms kd dq{d ysñbmgm

sdgnþn nb nt{ms kd m{sm ysñbmgm n tf bjcsm kd bn



39

ojqon qdþmsj{n8 yms~td {tpm db n{sdpjojdf{m kd ydf/qns bmq qjgtjdf{dq pdsqmq<

[nf{nq jknq z pdfjknq"

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n oï ~td dq{n Qnf{n [dsdqn kd Ldqüq `td otaenatdskn& Nkdoîq" ½añom fm qd kdqamoytqm df {nf{m{jdoym= Yms m{sn yns{d" df n~tdb {jdoym fm encïn lt/gtd{dq {nf yds`daajmfnkmq&

[nf{m cnsnlê dq{mq ydfqnojdf{mq" ~td od anfqêkd cnsnlnsbmq z" yms kdqanfqns" anocjê kd bjcsm&

Ydsm qnbï ydskjdfkm&Db ftdpm bjcsm kjad ~td nbgtfmq emocsdq qd ynsd/adf n bmq gn{mq" df ~td yms bnq fmaedq pngnf df bnqn|m{dnq&

Ynsn kdajs pdsknk" kjsê ~td df dq{d ytf{m adssê dbbjcsm" ydfqnfkm ~td db dqasj{ms dq tf qnbpnld8 ydsm nb



3>

nyngns bn bt|" bn btfn qd od{jñ yms bn pdf{nfn" z ot/aenq n|m{dnq df oj ancd|n" otaenq n|m{dnq bbdfnqkd {dfkdkdsmq z kd btfn&

D`da{jpnodf{d" ½~tê ktkn ancïn nemsn kd ~td zmdsn tf gn{m=

‒Nbgtfmq emocsdq qd ynsdadf n bmq gn{mq" df ~tdyms bnq fmaedq pngnf df bnq n|m{dnq&‟Dq{m qmomqbmq emocsdq8 tfmq gn{mq jfambmsmq" ynskmq8 amom{mkmq bmq gn{mq df bn fmaed" tfmq gn{mq dssnf{dqqmcsd bmq ysd{jbdq qjf stocm kd bn pjkn& & & Db qjbdfajmdsn tfn amqn ~td anïn" ~td ambgncn" amom tfn an/

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Kdqytêq bbdgñ tf gjgnf{d& Bn ysm`dqmsn zn fm qj/gtjñ qtonfkm z qd ~tdkñ amf bn cman ncjds{n" yms/~td db gjgnf{d amoïn n ataensnknq tfn qmyn kd bn~td ankn nssm| dsn tf dbd`nf{j{m kd {nonþm fn{tsnb&@jfnbodf{d" bbdgnsmf nb cnþm kmq aem`dsdq" z db oîqaejam qd dfmlñ amf db oîq gsnfkd<

‛Amom qd amfmad ~td fm {jdfdq amq{tocsd kdcnþns{d& Fm qncdq cnþns{d& ®[mkm {d omlnq.Atnfkm kdqyds{ê od enaïn {docbns db ̀ sïm" yms dqm

daeê db ydq{jbbm n bn pdf{nfn z" ntf~td db `sïm qd df/{jcjdajñ" qd od `td db qtdþm&

Nqï pmbpï n dq{n yjd|n&

Ynsn kd{dsojfns oj ymqjajñf duna{n" qñbm od `nb{namfmads bn emsn& Oj sdbml zn fm anojfn" bm amfm|am df~td fm qd mzdf qtq ynqmq& Ynsn amfmadsbm" qdsïn fd/adqnsjm js amf db ltd| kd yn|" z kdqyds{nsbm" m anojfnskmad hjbñod{smq" ~td dq" nysmujonknodf{d" bn kjq/{nfajn ~td enz kd n~tï nb anoynfnsjm amf sdbml jbt/



33

ojfnkm kd oj {jdssn&Yms bn pdf{nfn qd pdf {sdq lnanbj{mq odujanfmq& Df

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bnq dq{sdbbj{nq qnb{nf jfanfqncbdodf{d amom ltoyjfg cdnfq " z bn btfn dq tfn ydsd|mqn ~td fm {jdfd ~tden/ads" z fm enad fnkn&

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atb{jpns qt dqyïsj{t z db kd qt ejln&Ankn pd| ~td cnln n bn ajtknk" pn n bn bjcsdsïn z kjad nb bjcsdsm<

‛Kêod tq{dk maem ydqmq kd bjcsmq8 ydsm ~tdqdnf qts{jkmq z kd ctdfmq nt{msdq&

Df {mkmq bmq pjnldq {snd amfqjgm tf dq{tkjnf{d kd

bmq oîq jf{dbjgdf{dq" {ncnam" gtnzncn{d z tf {snyj{m&‛Ynsn ~td {d engnq tfn cbtqn" Jfêq&Jfêq yjdfqn ~td zn {jdfd otaenq cbtqnq&Kmf Ontsjbjm yjdfqn ~td qj fm qd sdqtdbpd ysmf{m

bn atdq{jñf sdbjgjmqn" ysmf{m qdsî db `jf kd bn yn{sjnodujanfn&

Dq{d gmbyd ~td nancm kd qdf{js df oj |nyn{m" bm enknkm db sn{ñf&

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{sjn odujanfn& Ankn ~tjdf" oîq m odfmq gsnfkdq"{jdfd qtq ysdmatynajmfdq& Enq{n db sn{mfaj{m& Db sn/{mfaj{m yjdfqn ~td zm ytdkm amoêsodbm&

Qd amfmad df ~td dq{î sd{jsnkm pnsjmq od{smq" z {nocjêf df ~td fm qd n{sdpd n kns tf ynqm& Dq{î en/ajêfkmqd db otds{m" amf bn snymqj{n oms{dajfn kd bn



31

`îctbn kdb amfkd Btanfms&‒Qj ynqnsn tf emod" d kjldsn ~td bmq ydbmq kd bn

`sdf{d kdb sn{ñf dq ctdfm ymfdsbmq df bn `sdf{d kdbmq fjþmq ynsn ~td bm bmq nmldf‟" êb ydsonfdadsïn~tjd{m amom bn snymqj{n& Ydsm ytdq fm ynqn fjfgüf

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Tf sd`sîf jfkjan< asdd db bdñf ~td {mkmq qmf kd qtamfkjajñf& Df dq{d sd`sîf& bdñf fm ~tjdsd kdajs üfj/anodf{d bdñf qjfm Ydksm" Ltnf m @snfajqam& Yms dqm"nb sn{mfaj{m" qd bd ysdfkd df bn jongjfnajñf tfn on/

bjajn" z kdqatcsd ~td zm {nocjêf od dq{mz enajdfkmdb otds{m&Qd {sn{n kd tf sn{ñf qdfajbbm ~td {jdfd bnq amq{to/

csdq qdfajbbnq kd bn gdf{d qdfajbbn kdb anoym Fm kdtfn snymqj{n dfsdknkmsn&

Tfn snymqj{n qnbksïn ̀ îajbodf{d kd dq{d nytsm ysm/

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@tdsn kd dq{m" dq tf sn{ñf ~td {jdfd otz gsnfkd

odomsjn" z nemsn bd ynsdad sdamskns ~td od en pjq{mnf{dq8 ydsm fm qd natdskn atîfkm&½M qdsî ~td od ynsd|am n nbgtjdf amf ~tjdf od

amf`tfkd=Yms qt amfajdfajn pnf ynqnfkm nsnþnq" atansn/

aenq" gsjbbmq& Êb fm en qnbjkm ftfan kd dq{d atns{m"

amf duadyajñf kd n~tdbbn pd| ~td {tpm db n{sdpj/ojdf{m kd qtcjs n bn pdf{nfn z pjm tf amfdlm&Zm fmqmz ynsdajkm n bnq nsnþnq" fj n bnq atansnaenq" fj nbmq gsjbbmq& [noymam od ynsd|am n bmq amfdlmq& ½Dfkñfkd od en pjq{m ytdq= ½Df db {daem= ½Qmcsd dbyjqm= Fm" fm od pjm df db {daem fj df db qtdbm" od



3;

pjm ambgnkm kd bn ynsdk&Df d`da{m" fm qmz ysdajqnodf{d db ~td dq{ncn amb/

gnkm df bn ynsdk" qjfm ~td bn Qnf{n[dsdqn dq" kd {mkmatnf{m en pjq{m" bm ~td oîq qd ynsdad n oï&

Qnf{n [dsdqn fm dq ydbjgsmqn" fm qd enad bn otds{n

ynsn jfqyjsns amf`jnf|n" êb ytdkd enads atnf{m bdybn|an" ntf~td dq{ê Qnf{n [dsdqn ltf{m n êb" z ftfanen {sn{nkm kd amoêsqdbm&

Ed n~tï nb sn{mfaj{m ~td zn fm od {jdfd ojdkm" qdod nadsan" z amojdf|n n nbjodf{nsqd amf bn ajf{n kdtf |nyn{m oïm&

Kdajkjknodf{d od en anïkm df gsnajn db sn{mfaj{mydsm n~tï fm enz {jdfknq" z qj nancn amf bn ajf{n kdoj |nyn{m" ½df kñfkd bn sdymfksê=

‛®Tqejn. Sn{ñf&½^tê encsïn tq{dk edaem qj kd ysmf{m qd ompjdsn

tfn dq{n{tn kd Fdsñf m kd kmf Cdfj{m Ltîsd|=

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Kdqytêq" zn sdytdq{m kdb qtq{m" qd od{jñ kd pjqj{ndf db ngtldsm kd tf nojgm qtzm z qd bm kjlm {mkm&

‛Tfn Qnf{n [dsdqn gsnfkd ~td {snldsmf enad

ymam" bdpnf{ñ bn onfm z kjlm< ®Tqejn" sn{ñf. Qj fm bm~tjdsdq asdds" pnomq ynsn ~td bm pdnq&Db m{sm sn{mfaj{m dq{ncn ajdgm" nqï ~td fm ymkïn

pdsod8 ydsm db mïkm bm {dfïn yds`da{nodf{d z" qj qdsdyd{ïn db ojbngsm" atnfkm odfmq bm mjsïn&

Df dq{d omodf{m zm zn od encïn mbpjknkm kd bmq

sn{mfdq" z dq{ncn pjdfkm" amf bmq mlmq ~td od ~td/knf atnfkm ajdssm bmq mlmq" db gn{m df ~td od amf/ pds{ïn yms tf omodf{m" tf ymam nf{dq&

N pdadq bmq sdatdskmq qmf oîq pjpmq ~td bnq jo/ysdqjmfdq msjgjfnbdq" z dq{n pd| `tj oîq gn{m ~tdnf{dq" d ejad ojnt amf db ydfqnojdf{m" z bmq sn{mfdq"



34

nb mïsod" qd dqamfkjdsmf z fm pmbpjdsmf n qnbjs& Nemsn ojq ydfqnojdf{mq pnf yms m{sm stocm& Bmq

sn{mfdq qdsîf {nf qjoyî{jamq amom tq{dk ~tjdsn"ydsm qmf otz ydsltkjajnbdq& Kmf Ontsjbjm kdcdsïn{dfds nbgtfmq gn{mq ynsn nancns amf bmq sn{mfdq& Df

odfmq kd kmad emsnq ~td {dfgm df dq{n anqn ed pjq{matn{sm< tfm df bn {smld" kmq n~tï z db ~td qd qtcjñ nbn odqn atnfkm dq{îcnomq adfnfkm&

@td" ysdajqnodf{d" df db omodf{m df ~td kmfOntsjbjm qd ~tdlncn kd tf kmbms df db otqbm&

‛Fm" fm dq sdton{jqom ‛kdaïn kmf Ontsjbjm‛

Dq tf kmbms ~td {dfgm kdqkd ~td tf ancnbbm od kjmtf ytf{nyjê&Qjbdfajmqnodf{d n{snpdqñ db sn{ñf" z fm bm encsï/

nomq pjq{m qj fm etcjdsn edaem qmfns tf pnqm amf{snm{sm&

Yms `ms{tfn" qd `td jfodkjn{nodf{d" z fm kjq{snlm

n Jfêq&Jfêq" qjf knsqd atdf{n ~td dq{ncn amf fmqm{smq" qdomskïn bnq tþnq& Ktsnf{d {mkn bn adfn ej|m bmojqom8 qñbm tfn pd| jf{dsstoyjñ qt ~tdenads" ynsn~tdons df bn bbnon kd bn pdbn" db atdsfj{m ~tdnssnfañ kd qt kdkm kdb amsn|ñf&

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Amf db `tdgm kd bn `bnon qd dfamgjñ bn tþn& N{dq dq{îcnomq df tf dssms sdqyda{m kd bnq `bn/

onq& Fm dq duna{m ~td êq{nq qdnf ybnfnq" amom tf

ytþnbj{m kd kmq `jbmq& Qmf sdkmfknq" kd bn `mson kdtf ynsngtnq qjf ncsjs&Êq{n dq tfn amqn ~td" n ydqns kd dq{tkjns {nf{m"

ftfan qtym Qnf{n [dsdqn kd Ldqüq&½D Jfêq= Ytdq dbbn `td" ysdajqnodf{d" bn ~td ej|m

dq{d kdqatcsjojdf{m" z" ynsn adsajmsnsqd" pmb{dñ db



30

anfkdbdsm" ysjodsm ynsn naî z btdgm ynsn nbbî&@jfnbodf{d" qtq mlj{mq qd ~tdknsmf `bm{nfkm qmcsd

db njsd&Dq{n {nskd" atnfkm od pjm bbdgns<‛Ynyî ‛kjlm‛& ½dq{d lmpdf dq tf qdojfnsjq{n=

Bn {nskd encïn qjkm bjoyjnkn dqastytbmqnodf{dyms bn bbtpjn df bn {jdssn" z yms db pjdf{m df db ajdbm& Bndq{sdbbn kd bn {nskd `td bn üb{jon gm{n ~td smkñ yms bnqatdfanq kdb asdyüqatbm&Zn tf ymam kdqytêq" bn btfn"{snq db mlm kd ngtn" du{dfkïn qt bt| sdajêf nonfdajkn" z kmf Ontsjbjm ysdgtf{ncn<

‛Jfêq" ½yms ~tê fm adfnq=Ydsm dbbn dq{ncn ydfqnfkm df tfn gmbmfksjfn ~tdkjm tf {myd amf{sn tf anoynfnsjm z qd ~tdcsñ&

QMCSD ANTQNQ KD [Ï[DSDQ

N Ma{npjm Ymf|nfdbbj

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fjþmq" fj" nanqm" ftdq{sm dq{nkm ajpjb dq zn db oîqysmyjm ynsn dq{m kd nfknsfmq amf Ldqüq yms bmq sjf/amfdq" z amf{îfkmfmqbm&

Yms~td dq fm{msjm" z {mkm db otfkm doyjd|n nknsqd atdf{n ~td zn fm qmomq fjþmq" z otsotsn&

Z dq ltq{jajn" ytdq dq tf edaem ~td fm bm qmomq zn&

[ü" kdqkd enad zn anqj kmq odqdq" kdqkd ~td {d an/qnq{d&Zm" kdqkd enad nydfnq tf ymam oîq kd pdjf{dnþmq" kdqkd otaeïqjom nf{dq kd ~td od anqnsn&

Qjf docnsgm" {ü z zm nüf qdgtjomq qjdfkm {dñsj/amq z bïsjamq" z kd qdqmq pmbî{jbdq bmq kmq& [ü" n ydqnskd {tq kjdajqêjq pdskdq kjajdocsd&Zm n ydqns kd ojq



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atnsdf{n pjmbnknq ysjonpdsnq&Bm ojqom ~td kmq fjþmq sd{nsknkmq" nqï qmomq

{ü z zm&Z dq{m dq bm ~td fmq ltf{n" odlms kjaem" bm~td od tfad n {j& Ojsn" nf{dq ~td {ü fnajdsnq" dftf {jdoym nydfnq nf{dsjms n dq{d emz" atnfkm zm

jcn atoybjdfkm pdf{d nþmq" ojq amf{doymsîfdmq"enajdfkm amom zm" {nocjêf jcnf atoybjdfkm pdjf{d nþmq& Ynsdad ~td `td nzds" bm sdatdskm abn/sj{m" abnsj{m amom qj bm dq{tpjdsn pjdfkm&Pdfïnomqkd qtcjkn" qtcjdfkm amom {jdsfmq îscmbdq ~td qdduenbnf kdb otfkm&

Z ~tê kjaemqmq qtdþmq qmþîcnomq df{mfadq& Ydsmn yns{js kd df{mfadq" nysmujonknodf{d kdqkd df/{mfadq" ojq amf{doymsîfdmq doyd|nsmf n ydskds qtdqyïsj{t jf`nf{jb" doyd|nsmf n enadsqd qdsjmq" n nk/~tjsjs dqyïsj{t kd sdqymfqncjbjknk" n qtcmskjfnsqd nbnq dujgdfajnq kd bn pjkn ysîa{jan" n {sncnlns" n fdgm/ajns" n ysmqydsns amom ydsqmfnq qdsjnq&

Zm" df anocjm" onb km{nkm" sd{snqnkm" jfnkny{ncbdn tf omkm kd pjkn atznq sdnbjknkdq fm bmgsm ydsaj/cjs" amf{jftê qjdfkm jssdqymfqncbd" ajdgm" qmskm z"qmcsd {mkm" {mf{m ynsn bn pjkn ysîa{jan&Z dq{m ̀ td kjq/{nfajîfkmod kd ojq amf{doymsîfdmq&

Kd ojq nojgmq kd df{mfadq" `tj ydskjdfkm ysj/odsm tfm" btdgm m{sm" enq{n ~td od ~tdkê qjf fnkjd"qjf fnkjd&Z nqï" qjf ysmymfêsodbm" qjf nfnbj|nsbm" qjffm{nsbm qj~tjdsn {mknpïn" yms ytsm jfq{jf{m od namgï n nojgmq jfodkjn{nodf{d oîq lñpdfdq ~td zm&

Oîq {nskd" dq{mq nojgmq" kjgm n~tdbbmq" n ~tjdfdqbbnonsê kd bn qdgtfkn qdsjd" `tdsmf {nocjêf asd/ajdfkm" z" n qt {jdoym" bbdgnsmf" bm ojqom ~td encïnbbdgnkm n bmq ysjodsmq" n bn dknk df ~td bmq emocsdqdoyjd|nf n {msfnsqd qdsjmq" z od `tdsmf kdlnfkm" z {tpd ~td cnlns n smkdnsod kd tfn {dsadsn qdsjd&



35

Nqï en jkm qtadkjdfkm jfkd`jfjknq pdadq& Z nemsn" od ed edaem nojgm {tzm" nemsn {d en {m/

ankm n {j& Z" fm qê yms~tê" ydsm {dfgm dqydsnf|n ~td amf{jgm

fm en kd ynqnsod jgtnb ~td amf bmq m{smq&

Df oj dqydsnf|n dujq{df" dq ymqjcbd" ojgnlnq kddgmïqom8 ydsm nb ojqom {jdoym tf ymam ed ydfqnkmdf {j" mbpjkîfkmod tf {nf{m kd oï ojqom&

Dq ajds{m" ajds{nodf{d" ~td db fm nyns{ns{d kd dqn`mson kd dujq{dfajn" {d n{sndsî ltjajmq df amf{sn"odfmqysdajmq" jfamoysdfqjñf z dqansfjmq8 ydsm dq

bn d`jajdfajn ïf{jon" db qtadqm jfqmq{dfjcbd kd bnqdfqjcjbjknk" fm bn namomknajñf du{dsfn" bm ~td dq pnbms& Ynsn db nbon" bm üfjam ajds{m dq bm ~td dbbn pjpd& Ynsn db qtld{m qdam" ~td qd en mcld{jpj|nkm"{mkm sdqtb{n qdam" z db kdq{td{nfnkm ~td en du{sn/ pds{jkm qt antknb" qjdoysd dq{nsî odf{nfkm ~td

dq{m dq pnfjknk&Tfn ojqon `td bn onfm amf ~td qd dqasjcdf dbAnf{ns kd bmq Anf{nsdq z db Dabdqjnq{êq& Tfnojqon `td bn onfm ~td bm dqasjcjñ& Nkpjds{d" fmmcq{nf{d" amom qd amf{snymfdf< ‒Onfmlj{m kdojssn dq ynsn oï" oj nonkm&‟‒Pnfjknk kd pnfjkn/

kdq z {mkm pnfjknk&‟Df db ysjods dqasj{m dq{î bn pjkn" qt kdqcmskn/ojdf{m ysmzda{îfkmqd" df{sdgnfkm" dfadfkjdfkm kd‒pnbms ncqmbt{m‟" tfn `bmsjkn csj|fn& Df db qdgtfkm"dq{î db anfqnfajm" bn qd~tïn" db nfj~tjbnojdf{m" amf/qjf{jdfkm qt nq{dfjqom z qt fm qds" df {mkn amqn&

Fm"‒fm {tds|nq db atdbbm nb ajqfd‟" {têsadqdbmq oîqcjdf z fm kdldq kd enadsbm qj" yms kjaen" nbgtfn pd|qd {d ysdqdf{n bn manqjñf" n Q{nbjf" n Otqqmbjfj" n Ej/{bds" n {mkm emocsd z otlds" n {mkm {jym ~td `tdsdamom {tcm kdq{nynkm kd ncnlm" z n {mkm df{d amfdf{jknk pnaïn8 nb ~td fnajñ pnaïm m qd pnajñ kdqytêq"



3:

z" btdgm" fm qncd zn bbdfnsqd" z {mkm db otfkm ~tjqjê/snqd amods8 onq bd sdqtb{n df pnfm" ytdq kdb mcld{mjfds{d fm ytdkd qds amssmcmsnkm db jfkjpjktm" fj kdbn amqn db qds&

Dq dpjkdf{d" qj kdlnsnq kd qds jgtnb n tf fjþm" qj

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yms~td df {t amfajdfajn btad nskjdf{d {t mlm& Z {df yms ajds{m ~td qj bn qmocsn" atnfkm ajdssnq {tqmlmq" fm qd ytdcbn kd qmbdq z btadsmq" db qmb {d qdsîfmaed" db bjsjm" nsdfn" ojqdsjn df db ymbpm kd msm" z {mkm pnfjknk&

Nkpjds{d ~td dq{n nbon ~td {dfdomq dq amom db

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Z kjod" ½~tê dq db Tfjpdsqm8 bn oüqjan" db ambms z bmq nsmonq" bnq ansjajnq kdb gtq{m z bnq kdb {na{m" z bn dq/yjfn z bm fdgsm" z bm anbbnkm ojqom" ynsn tfn yjdksn=

Z" ½fm enq {sn{nkm {ü nbgtfn pd|" kd amfompds nbydsd|mqm m amf qtdþm" ~td fj db qmb fnajdfkm" fj dbsnzm sd{tocnfkm fj amqn nbgtfn bd ncsd bn n{dfajñf=

Df anocjm" nb pjgjbnf{d" ½fm bd cnq{n tf otsotbbm"tf `tbgmsaj{m {dftd" tf ynsynkdm kdb njsd ynsn pjpjsnskdsqd z amfompdsqd=

Z nb fjþm" nb `sdqam z {jdsfm ~td fm en edaem nüfqt gnq{m" ½fm bd enq pjq{m n{ns n tf ejbm kmq anssd{dq"m {sdq" d jsbmq smknfkm" z mc{dfds amf tf kdbgnkm ejbmdb qds kdb on~tjfjq{n dq{sdodajkm" df tf gsnf {sdf~td enad kdb otfkm tf qmybm z tfn sî`ngn=

Ytdq cjdf" zm qmþê tf qtdþm&



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Sdamsknsîq ajds{m kïn" n~tdb ~td pjfjq{d n dq{n anqn" z ~td btdgm qnbjomq" z ~td df db anojfm dfamf{snomqtf pdfkdkms kd {ï{dsdq kd cnssm" n ~tjdf amoysnq{ddq{mq ~td {mknpïn bn üb{jon pd| ~td `tj n {t anqn pjambgnkmq kd bn bîoynsn kdb amodkms&[d bm sdatdskm"

yms~td" qdgüf zm" n~tdb `td db dq{ïotbm kd kñfkdnssnfañ dq{d qtdþm ~td {d kjgm ~td qmþê&

Z `td" z mlnbî z fm bm df{jdfknq" db qjgtjdf{d<Ïcnomq {ü z {t qdspjkms yms tfnq anbbdq& Df{snomq

amf qjgjbm n tf dq{nf~tjbbm&Z {ü" n bn ~td bm n{dfkïn"bd ysdgtf{nq{d qj fm pdfkïn {ï{dsdq& Dbbn kjlm ~td qï" z

{snlm tfn stdkn kd kmfkd ydfkïnf fm odfmq kd ajdfojb `jgtsnq& Bmq doyd|nq{d n pds z ‛½N añom qmf"qdþmsn ‛bd ysdgtf{nq{d‛" dq{mq {ï{dsdq= ‛Ytdq kdêq{mq ‛amf{dq{ñ bn pjdln‛" ajdf kmadfnq bd atdq{nftf adf{npm& ‛Me" ‛bd sdybjanq{d‛" ®ajdf kmadfnqod atdq{nf tf adf{npm. Fm bmq bbdpm" kdcdf qds otz

amssjdf{dq& ½Fm {jdfd m{smq oîq `jfmq= Yms~td " df/{jêfknbm tq{dk" zm fm qê fnkn kd {ï{dsdq" fj kd fjf/gtfn amqn& Ynsn oï" {mkm dq ongfï`jam" kd onfdsn~td" atnfkm amoysm tfn amqn" ynsn qncds qj dqctdfn m onbn fm {dfgm m{sn cnqd" qjfm db ysdajm namom bn pdfkdf&

Otz onbn od ynsdajñ qt {îa{jan&Z oîq" atnfkm pjn bn dq{nf~tjbbdsn fm amf{dq{ns{d fnkn&Z qñbm df{sns{d z pmbpds nb ancm kd tf gsnf sn{m" amf tfn stdkn jgtnbn bn ~td encïn {snïkm kd ysjodsm8 ydsm qñbm amf tf {ï/{dsd" db atnb ytqm n {t pjq{n&

Fmqm{smq" pjdfkm db {ï{dsd" nkpds{jomq ~td dsn df

{mkm jgtnb n bmq ysjodsmq" enq{n {nb ytf{m ~td" {üojqom" {nf aîfkjkm df amqnq kd fdgmajmq" bbdpîf/kmod n tf sjfañf kdb dq{nf~tjbbm od kjljq{d< ‛½^têmyjfnq {ü kd dq{m=Zm {d nytdq{m n ~td qj bm sdqmbpd/omq" bn ojqon pjdln fm pn n ymkdsbm qdynsns kd df{sdbmq m{smq& ‛Z btdgm fmq {msfnomq n bn pjdln z" oj/



1>

sîfkmbn amf {mkn joynqjcjbjknk< ‛Z dq{d {ï{dsd ~tdnancn kd {snds" bd ysdgtf{nomq qjfasñfjanodf{d"½n añom dq= ‛Ytdq êq{d" amf{dq{ñ bn pdfkdkmsn"dq{d qï dq kd pdsnq `jfm" z atdq{n" êb qmbm" maem ajdf/{mq kd ydqmq&

‛®Maem ajdf{mq kd ydqmq êq{d qmbm. Dq{î otz cjdf" dfptêbpnodbm ynsn sdgnbm8 ydsm kïgnod< ½yms~tê dq {nf{n bn kj`dsdfajn=

‛Me" amf{dq{ñ bn pjdln‛" yms~td dq{d dq `jfï/qjom" yms~td êq{d dq{î yds`da{nodf{d edaem& ½Pdtq{dk añom" kd bmq ~td {snld ysjodsm" ankn tfm

dq{î ambgnkm fnkn oîq kd tf qmbm ejbm=" ytdq dq~td fm qncdf enads oîq ~td tfn qmbn amqn" cnjbnsn qnb{j{mq" bm ojqom ~td atnb~tjds omfj{m n{nkm ntf ejbm8 df {nf{m ~td dq{d üb{jom {jdfd" êb qmbm" {nf/{mq ejbmq" atnf{mq bmq m{smq {mkmq ltf{mq& Ytdq dq~td ankn ejbm dq bbnpd ynsn enadsbm dldat{ns tfn

`tfajñf kjq{jf{n& Ojsd" {ñodbm tq{dk df qtq onfmq‛z bm ytqm df {tq onfmq" z {d jfq{ñ n ~td `tdsnqamoysmcîfkmbm& Z atnfkm" kd df{sd qtq jfftod/sncbdq ejbmq" bbnonq{d n tfm" nb ysjodsm ~td qd {dmatssjñ" db jfqjgfj`janf{d {j{dsj{m n~tdb kd onb am/ajkm cnssm ~td" yms qt etojbkd z nq{smqm nqyda{m"

dsn df {mkm qdodlnf{d n bmq kd >399 yms adf{npm"omq{sñ sdqtdb{nodf{d qt {nbdf{m ynsn na{tns amomkjncbm" df{snfkm n `stfajs db adþm z n anocjns bmqambmsdq kd qtq mlmq" kd ynskmq df n|tbdq" kd n|tbdqdf pdskmqmq" nonsjbbmq" aîskdfmq" pjmbîadmq" jfkd/`jfjknodf{d" qjf sdyd{jsqd ftfan& Df qdgtjkn bbn/

onq{d n m{sm ejbm" z doyd|ñ n nydq{ns n|t`sd z nnssmlns etom yms bnq msdlnq&Jcnq n bbnons" oîq {nskd" n m{sm ejbm8 ydsm bn otlds"

nssmlîfkmqd amfptbqn qmcsd {j" {mkn dqynf{nkn" {damfltsñ ~td fm bm ejajdsnq" ~td n~tdb ejbm fm `tdsnqn {mansbm ftfan" yms~td dsn db oîq {dssjcbd" db oîq



13

ysm`tfkm" db oîq {snqadfkdf{nb kd atnf{mq ejbmq en/cïnf dujq{jkm enq{n emz qmcsd bn {jdssn& ^td zn {dencïn jfkjankm añom n~tdb kjncbm dsn kd amfq{sta/ajñf nancnkïqjon" z dq{ncn {nf dqodsnknodf{dedaem" ~td ymksïn" qjf db odfms doynaem" dldat{ns bn

oîq mqnkn z dfkjncbnkn amqn" ~td lnoîq ytkjdsn tfkjncbm kd pdsknk&Z ~td" yms {nf{m" {d nkpds{ïn" {d sm/gncn ‛dbbn ~td fm encïn smgnkm ftfan‛ ~td db ejbmn~tdb fm bm {mansnq" ytdq qj bm enaïnq" db kjncbm qd pmb/ pdsïn df {t amf{sn z" amom tfm nt{êf{jam" amf {nf{nsdnbjknk amom ymksïn db ysmyjm Btaj`ds" {d nssnfansïn

db nbon z {d amfktajsïn nb jf`jdsfm&Qjgtjñ tf omodf{m jfnfd& [mkmq fmq dq{tpjomq~tdkmq z anbbnkmq" ktsnf{d {sdq omodf{mq< tfm" dbomodf{m ~td dsn fdadqnsjm ynsn sdymfdsfmq kdbqtq{m z bn qmsysdqn8 kmq" db omodf{m ~td dsn fdad/qnsjm ynsn pmbpds n df{snsfmq nkdf{sm kd ftdq{sn

amfajdfajn" z {sdq" db omodf{m ~td dsn fdadqnsjmynsn ydfqns df bm ~td kdcdsïn enadsqd& Z btdgm ~td fmq sdytqjomq" ~td df{snomq df

ftdq{sn amfajdfajn z ~td odkj{nomq df bm ~td kdcïnenadsqd" amf jfonfdf{d anbon" amf nkdoîf noncbd z {snqadfkdf{d ‛ntf~td fm qjf ojq{dsjm‛" bd kj/

ljq{d< ‛Qdþmsn" zm" df pdsknk" amom bd kjld" kdqdmamf {mkn db nbon tf {ï{dsd kd dq{mq" ydsm tfm ~td fmqdn kjncbm" tfm ~td qdn oîq cjdf" tf îfgdb&

Z bn otlds {d pjm amf {nb ojsnkn" ~td dsn atnb qjetcjdsn bdïkm" amom df tf bjcsm ncjds{m" df db ans{n/ynajm yms kd `tdsn jfpjqjcbd" kd {tq ydfqnojdf{mq" z"

qmfsjdf{d" amoysdfqjpn" onbjajmqn" cdfjgfn" ojq{d/sjmqn" qjf dqynajm fj ysjqn" df{sñqd kdf{sm z {msfñ nfm otaem" amf m{sn stdkn df bn atnb dq{ncn qtqydf/kjkm db {ï{dsd ~td encïnq qmbjaj{nkm&Z bm ytqm n {t nb/anfad" z {ü qnanq{d atdf{nq" amoynsnq{d bmq ejbmq" z atnfkm asdïq{d kns amf db amssdqymfkjdf{d n n~tdb



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kdb kjncbm ~td fm mqnq{d bbnons" bbnonq{d n êb&Z edn~tï" db nfgdbj{m ej|m nkdoîf kd ymqnsqd qmcsd dbyjqm" amf ompjojdf{m ~td enaïn asdds n bmq dqyda{n/kmsdq" ~td pdfïn" fm kd bn {snq{jdfkn" qjfm kdb `json/odf{m& Z tfn pd| ymqnkm" amf nfgdbjanb odqtsn"

cbnfkn z adbdq{dodf{d qd jfabjfñ nf{d {j z {d kjlm ~td"yms mskdf kd bn qtydsjmsjknk" pdfïn n enads{d qncd/kms kd ~td df bn ^tjf{n Kdbdgnajñf kdb adbdq{jnb Kjq/{sj{m" qd encïn ysdqdf{nkm" df amf{sn {tzn" natqnajñfkd qds ydsqmfn qmþnkmsn z ymam qdsjn" fnkn nysm/yjnkn ynsn dq{d otfkm" z ~td" df {nb pjs{tk" qd bd

encïn amf`jnkm bn ojqjñf kd amfktajs{d pjpm motds{m" z yms bnq ctdfnq m kd tfn msdln" n tf btgnsoîq ysmyjm ynsn {t amfkjajñf smoîf{jan&

Pîbgnod Kjmq" z atîf ydfmqn z bnsgn" onq atîfdfanf{nkmsn dsn bn qdfkn yms km ïcnomq& Dsn dfqtcjkn z bbnfn" qjf fjfgtfn nqydsd|n" nf{dq ytbjkn"

{dsqn" z qñbjkn amom tf dqydlm& Ejdscnq" fm qd pdïnf" {noymam {smfamq" fj aêqydkdq" fj smqnq& Qñbmysm`tfkjknk z dq{sdbbnq qd m`sdaïnf amom qtdbm nftdq{smq ynqmq" z ankn ynqm encïn ~td knsbm amfemfkn ysdantajñf" ytdq db ydbjgsm kd sdqcnbns qjfands" yn{jfnfkm kd yjd" enajn n{sîq z ynsn ncnlm" dsn

jf`jfj{m & & && & &Zn" pjdlm" zn fm dq{nomq df dknk kd qmþns qtd/þmq kd fjþmq" fj" nanqm" ftdq{sm dq{nkm dq zn db oîqysmyjm ynsn dq{m kd nfkîsfmqbm amf{nfkm& Yms~td fmqmomq fjþmq zn& [ü " kdqkd enad zn anqj kmq odqdq"kdqkd ~td {d anqnq{d&Zm" kdqkd enad nydfnq tf ymam

oîq kd pdjf{d nþmq" kdqkd otaeïqjom nf{dq kd ~tdod anqnsn&Ydsm ½~tê ~tjdsdq= qd ktdsod tfm" qd ktdsod" z

qtdb{n qtq amf{smbdq" qd bd dpnkdf qtq yj{nq" bnq sjdf/knq kd qt jongjfnajñf qd jfkdydfkj|nf" z df{mfadqqtdþn tfm" qtdþn" z n pdadq qtdþn bm ~td fm qd dq/



1;

ydsn" n pdadq" bm ~td fm kdcjdsn" z" n pdadq" nz" n pdadq"enq{n bm ~td fm ~tjqjdsn & & &

Zn" pjdlm" zn otz ajds{m dq ~td fm dq{nomq df dknkkd qmþns qtdþmq kd fjþmq8 ydsm dq{nomq df dbbm" {nfbdlmq amom adsan kd fmqm{smq" pnomq yms bn ydf/

kjdf{d sdqcnbmqn z btajdf{d kd bmq qtdþmq" z db ydbjgsmkd sdqcnbns qjf ands" yn{jfnfkm kd yjd" enajn n{sîq"qjf mcld{m n km nqjsqd z ynsn ncnlm" dq jf`jfj{m & & &

TFMQ ATNF[MQ [MON[DQ DF TFN SDYJQJ[N

Kd tfn `daen zn jkn ynsn qjdoysd enad zn otaem"m qdn" kd tf sdom{m {jdoym ~td ftfan en kd pmbpds"df pjs{tk kd ~td fm bn nancnsmf" tfn kd bnq pdf{n/fnq kd bn ynsdk kd df`sdf{d ~tdkñ qjf {dsojfns&Z

nqï" qjf {dsojfns en jkm ~tdknfkm" z yms bm ~td yn/sdad" {mknpïn pn n qdgtjs n qï yms {jdoym jfkd`jfjkm"ytdq nb na{tnb ysmyjd{nsjm kd bn pdajfknk fm qd bdfm{nf {sn|nq kd ~td qd bd dqynf{d db qtdþm" fj kd~td enzn dqydsnf|n kd ~td qd bd dqynf{d" ydfqnfkmdf {dsojfnsbn&

Bm kjgm" fm yms fnkn" ~td zm qmz db ysjodsm dfamoysdfkdsbd" z tfm kd bmq ~td amf onzms qjfadsj/knk bd kdqdn ctdfnq fmaedq {mknq bnq {nskdq" atfnkm{msfn n qt anqn" nb mqatsdads db kïn& Ytdq fm qmz sdf/amsmqm z qê" nkdoîq" yds`da{nodf{d" ~td ynsn nemsnsdqtb{nsïn zn {nf `tdsn kd amztf{tsn {nb jkdn" ~td bn

dfatdf{sm" jfabtqjpd" enq{n sjkïatbn" z asdm ~td lt|gn/sïn amf bîq{jon n n~tdb ~td bbdgnsn n ydskds db qtdþmyms tfn antqn nqï& Yms~td" qj cjdf dq ajds{m ~td qñbmamf ojsns bm ~td qd ojsn kdqkd db yn{jm" zn dq oîq~td qt`jajdf{d ynsn ~td enq{n bn oîq kdqysdmatynknkd bnq nbonq df{sd z qd qtodsln df {mkm tf ons kd



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ydfqnojdf{mq {dsojfnf{dq z kd ̀ jfnbj|najñf" fm bm dqodfmq ~td fm enad `nb{n nbgtfn ~td db qdþms bjadf/ajnkm qd ysjpd kd qtdþm" zn ~td om{t ysmyjm qjf fd/adqjknk kd ~td fnkjd qd kdqpdbd" fm qñbm bn pdf{nfn"ydsm bn pdajfknk df{dsn dq{î nancîfkmqd& Amf{do/

ybnsbn" z doyd|ns n df{sns kd bbdfm" qjf sdodkjm" dfbn kdqamfqmbnkmsn amfqjkdsnajñf kd ~td db fn{tsnbkdq{jfm kd bnq amqnq dq amfabtjs z nancnsqd" qmf tfnojqon amqn&

Fm pj ftfan ynsdkdq oîq stjfmqnq" yjbnsdq oîqamojkmq" {daemq oîq amocmq" fj yjqmq oîq kdq/

daemq& Pjdln" bm ~td qd kjad pjdln" pjdln amom fjf/gtfn m{sn amqn dq dq{n anqn" {nf{m" ~td dq bn{snkjajñf kdb cnssjm bn dbdpnf n amf{doymsîfdn kdJ{tssjgnsnz" db pjssdz&Z bm oîq gsnpd" dq ~td nqdgt/snf" ~td kdqkd {nf sdom{mq {jdoymq fm en pdfjkm nynqnsbd tf nbcnþjb fj yms db ydfqnojdf{m& Amqn fm

enz n~tï" fj ymsajñf kd amqn" ~td fm qdn kd Knom/abdq8 anf{dsnq" pjgnq" bnksjbbmq" d{a&" kïn z fmaed dq{îfqtqydfqmq" kd{dfjkmq df qdodlnf{dq edcsdaj{nq kdancdbbm" ~td zm {dfgm n ojbngsm db ~td bn bbtpjn kdanbjaedq" amf qds {nf yds{jfn|" fm enzn {dfjkm" enq{nbn `daen" m{snq amfqdatdfajnq ~td ysmymsajmfns mat/

ynajñf n bn qjspjdf{n ~td n~tï cnssd" ~tdcsnf{ns pn/sjmq {snq{dq z sd`msons" df ~tjêf qncd ~tê ns{dq" bnfnsj| kd tfm kd bmq gnbbmq kd bn yms{dsn&

Db oîq dbdodf{nb jfq{jf{m kdcdsïn cnq{ns ynsn ym/fdsfmq qmcsd npjqm" ynsn enads ~td anzêqdomq dfatdf{n z ynbyîqdomq" amom amf ftdq{snq ysmyjnq

onfmq" bn jfqdgtsjknk df ~td cnlm dq{mq {daemq qddfatdf{snf ftdq{snq pjknq& Fm ancd fj bn oîq oï/fjon ktkn" df sdnbjknk" ynsn bjcsnsfmq kd bn otds{d"fm fmq ~tdknf qjfm kmq anojfmq< smgns n bn kjpjfnYsmpjkdfajn ~td fmq {dfgn df qtq onfmq" m otkns/fmq kd anqn&Z fm qd od pdfgn n oï amf ~td dujq{df



10

kj`jatb{nkdq ysîa{janq m nsgtodf{mq {dñsjamq ~td yt/kjdsnf mymfdsqd n bn dldatajñf kd bnq naajmfdq df~td amfqjq{df dq{mq kmq sdodkjmq& Yms bm ~td pd nbysjodsm" Kjmq dq{î df {mknq yns{dq" {mkm bm pd z {mkmbm mzd" z" yms bm ~td nb qdgtfkm" tf pjnld kd anojñf

pnbd fnkn oîq {sdq ydqmq" amssjdfkm yms atdf{n kdbmq anojmfdsmq db {sncnlm z bmq kdqyds`da{mq ~td bmqanaejpnaedq qt`snf ktsnf{d bn otknf|n& Amf {mkm" zm fm qê ~tê yns{jatbns pjs{tk {jdfd dq{n kjaemqn`jfan" db anqm dq ~td bd qmcsnf jf~tjbjfmq8 atnf{m qt/ ld{m pjdfd" ~tdssïn pjpjs n~tï" z nüf fm qê kd nbgtjdf

~td enzn kdqmatynkm tfn pjpjdfkn yms qt gtq{m& [nb pd| ‛z êq{n dq jkdn kd üb{jon emsn‛ ynsn duybj/ansbm" ytdkn nktajsqd bn yns{jatbnsïqjon jkjmqjfasnqjnkdb ytdcbm odujanfm" kd atzmq ajtknknfmq qd atdf{n~td qt kjpdsqjñf `npmsj{n qmf bnq cnbnadsnq" z ~td{mkm ctdf odujanfm" df bmq {jdoymq kd yn| bnfgtj/

kdad z yjdskd bn nbdgsïn&Df db stoms ‛nqï qtdbd ynqns amf {mkm atnf{m pnkd cman df cman‛ ytdkd ~td enzn nbgm kd dungdsn/ajñf8 ydsm" ytdq db sïm qtdfn" fm kdcd qds qjf antqn"qt ngtn en kd bbdpns& N oï qd od `jgtsn" ~td bm ajds{mdq ~td" ojsnfkm cjdf bnq amqnq" qjf ~td qdn kdlnsqd

nssnq{sns yms bn ynqjñf kdb fnajmfnbjqom" cjdf ytdkdnqdgtsnsqd ~td fm qmomq gnbbjfnq" z ~td df atnb/~tjds {dssdfm ymksïn ysdqdf{nsqd amom kmatodf{mens{m `denajdf{d" bn jf{sdyjkd| kd bmq pdajfmq kd dq{nanqn&Z {mknpïn ytdkdf ysdqdf{nsqd m{smq onzmsdq"yms~td ynsdad qds ~td" amf db `npms kd Kjmq" ftdq{sm

edsmïqom kd nemsn pn n qds qmcsdynqnkm yms bnq gd/fdsnajmfdq pdfjkdsnq& Yms dldoybm" fm dq amqn ~tdytdkn kdlns kd qds amf{nkn" db dqyïsj{t ~td db kïn kdb{dssdom{m kdomq{sñ dq{d aej~tjbbm kd bn pjpjdfknatns{n" amf{nfkm kd bmq bnpnkdsmq ynsn naî& Zm fmasdm" fj qj~tjdsn ymqjcbd8 ydsm nqdgtsnf ~td df btgns



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kd nqtq{nsqd" csjfancn z amssïn bbdfm kd lücjbm gsj/{nfkm< ~td fm qd nancd" ~td fm qd nancd& ®^td pjpnOêujam. Bm ~td êb fm ~tdsïn pds nancnkm dsn db {dssd/om{m& Z bn pdsknk dq ~td" amf odujanfj{mq kd êq{mq"ymkdomq js otz bdlmq&

Ydsm ne" ~tê ajds{m dq bm ~td kjadf" ~td kmfkd/~tjdsn qd atdadf encnq& Adsan" fnkn odfmq ~td kddq{d fjþm duadbqm" kd dq{d Atnte{domaaj{m joymf/kdsncbd" n bn ytds{n ~td qjgtd kd bn kd qt pjpjdfkn" pjpd tfm ~td qd bd ynsdad {nf{m" amom bn[jdssn nb Qmb"tfm bbnonkm Qdsdfïf Ts{tqîq{dgtj" atzmq dqynf{n/

kj|mq mlmq" dq{îf cnq{nf{d bdlmq kd ymkds qdspjs kdduybjanajñf nb omsns kd qt ktdþm df dq{n anqn&[no/cjêf êq{d" qdgüf ydfqnomq {mkmq" fm qd dfatdf{snkjq{nf{d kd bbdgns n qds odkjm `nomqm" z kd edaem" zn qd bd kdkjanf bnsgmq sn{mq kd amfpdsqnajñf df bmqamssjbbmq kd pdajfmq z df bnq nqnocbdnq kd pjdlnq&

Fnkn oîq ~td qt fmocsd pn ynsîfkmqd qmcsd ed/aemq cjdf kjq{jf{mq" z kd dbbmq" db ysjodsm z ysjfajynb"dq ~td tfn onþnfn" zdfkm n qnbjs kd tfn anqnnkmfkd qd encïn od{jkm df ctqan kd tfmq nojgmqqtzmq" qd dfamf{sñ amf ~td tf ctssm yd~tdþm" ejlmkd tfn ctssn kd tf sdyns{jkms kd nb`nb`n" qd encïn

jfq{nbnkm df db atcm kdb |ngtîf" z df n~tdb {snfad"Qdsdfïf fm dfamf{sñ df {mkm qt ydaem" amsn|ñf qt/`jajdf{d ynsn n{sdpdsqd n ynqns adsan kdb ctssm" m dq/ynf{nsbm" z qd ~tdkñ nbbî" {docbnfkm" nkdf{sm" z fmqnbjñ qjfm enq{n atnfkm qd bd matssjñ bbnons n m{sm kdqtq nojgmq yms {dbê`mfm" ~td" yms noms kd Kjmq" pj/

fjdsn z bd nztknsn n dqynf{nsbm& Z fm qd asdn ~td Qdsdfïf {jdfd qt atns{m ysñujomn bn df{snkn" kd onfdsn ~td" df anqm kd dodsgdf/ajn" bd `tdsn kncbd qnbjs amssjdfkm z nbanf|ns n bbdgnsn ctdf {jdoym n bn anbbd& Fm" qjfm ~td ynsn bbdgns nêb" fdadqj{n nkdf{snsqd df {sdjf{n od{smq kd |ngtîf"



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df qdgtjkn" n{snpdqns kd bnkm n bnkm tf yn{jm {nb"~td ynsn ymkds sdamfmads nb jfkjpjktm" qj{tnkm nbm{sm du{sdom" dq fdadqnsjm pjmbdf{ns bmq mlmq8 kdq/ytêq enz ~td doysdfkds bn nqadfqjñf kd tfn dqan/bdsn" n atzmq yjdq" enq{n bmq gn{mq qd ydsqjgfnf ynsn

qtcjs cjdf& Oj ynbncsn kd emfms ~td dq amqn qdsjn& Ne" z nemsn sdatdskm atîf{m od kjpjds{df bmqdldoybmq ~td enbbm n~tï kd bm tfjpdsqnb z du{dfqm~td dq df db sdjfm kd bn pjkn db jfq{jf{m kd amfqds/ pnajñf& Bm kd bmq gn{mq fm od atdq{n otaem {sn/cnlm amoysdfkdsbm8 ydsm" bm ~td qj od bbdfn kd

nqmocsm z onsnpjbbn" dq pdsbm yn{df{d ntf df bnqejdscdaj{nq" z mcqdspns bn du{sdonkïqjon ant{dbnamf ~td qd {sdynf yms dq{n dqanbn bnq dfsdknkdsnq" z ~td fm nltq{nf fj amf ojb z oîq kd qtq kdbj{mq df/qms{jlnkmq ynsn nydgnsqd z {df{nbdns" z db gm|m amf~td bbdgnf yms `jf n bn n|m{dn& Fm ynsdad qjfm ~td

qd ncsdf kd lücjbm z sdpjdf{nf amf pdskdq ngsnkdaj/ojdf{mq nb Qdþms" yms encdsbnq qnankm amf cjdf kdbsjdqgmqïqjom ynqm df ~td pdfïnf&Z nb `jf" bd dq ysd/ajqm df{sns yms tf ynqjbbm qdodlnf{d n bn ansn kd bnotds{d" {dodsmqm z mqatsm" ~td fm {dfgm ynbncsnqynsn dfansdadsbm&

Z df dq{d ynqjbbm" n bn kdsdaen onfm" ~tdkn bnytds{n kd qt dq{nfajn" odlms kjaem" ctenskn" bn atnbdq fnkn oîq nqï" amom qd pd nb df{sns" qjf fnkn du/{snmskjfnsjm& %Qjf fnkn du{snmskjfnsjm" qjdoysd z atnfkm qd yjdskn bn fmajñf kd bm ~td" sdbn{jpnodf{dn bm kdoîq" ymksïn df dq{n anqn qds bbnonkm du{snms/

kjfnsjm&* Bn ytds{n yms ~td qd df{sn" kn bnq adlnq dfqt onzms nb{tsn" dq anqj atnksnkn" amf {mkm z fm qdsnfaen" z bd kn yms gdojs kd ~td bn ncsnf" amom qj{tpjdsn sdtonq" nf~tjbmqjq" m amom qj bd kmbjdsnf" nbsmoyêsqdbd" bmq ejbmq kd qtq {dbnsnþnq&Z m{sm {nf{mnb adssnsbn&



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Zn tfn pd| kdf{sm" Qdsdfïf qd qjdf{d tfm kdn~tdbbmq ancnbbdsmq ~td df bmq atdf{mq qd enf pjq{mn{snpdqns cmq~tdq df bbnonq" kdqjds{mq kd dqynknq"bngmq kd ksngmfdq" adssmq kd‒jsîq z fm pmbpdsîq‟&

Z" df d`da{m" fm qd bdq kj`dsdfajn" qjfm df db ojdkm

~td êb qï {jdfd z ~td dbbmq fm {dfïnf& Z qton z qjgtd" z ytdq dq bn bdz ~td bn yns{d yns/

{jajyd kd bn fn{tsnbd|n kdb {mkm" z ytdq bn yjd|n ~tdencj{n Qdsdfïf dq tfn yns{d kd bn pdajfknk" {no/cjêf n~tï qt pjkn qd dfatdf{sn amom gbmcm kd etbddf{sd nb`jbdsdq" z enz ~td odkjs bmq ynqmq" z ~td

dq{ns pjgjbnf{d" z fm kdlns pngmq bm mlmq" kdqn{df{mdb mïkm" fj bnq onfmq gtnsknknq8 ytdq yjqm z {daem z otsmq kd dq{d atns{m dq{îf dfdojq{nkmq amf dbqds" oîq ~td bmq oêkjamq&

Nb df{sns" Qdsdfïf {jdf{n bnq ktdbnq nf{dq kd anknynqm" z ankn pd| ~td n`json tf yjd" kn tfn ptdb{n nbatdbbm z ptdbpd nb {daem db smq{sm n dunojfns bnq pjgnqamf bmq mlmq&

Db yjqm" oîq ~td yjqm" dq amq{jbbns kd pjgnq kjsda{n/odf{d duytdq{nq n bn pjq{n" dq dq~tdbd{m anqj omfkmkd qt yjdb kd ynpjodf{m" z qt nqyda{m dq qdodlnf{dnb kd tf ytdf{d kd `dssmanssjb" qmcsd db ~td" kdb {sdfkdb {jdoym" nanssdnkms kd stjfnq" etcjêsnfqd anïkmtfmq dqamocsmq&

Nbbî" nb `mfkm" dq{î bn anon nssjfamfnkn" n{nknamf nbnocsdq qt ancdadsn n tfnq nbanzn{nq ~td df/{snf df bn ynsdk" df ysdpjqjñf kd ~td fm stdkd z kd~td qtq yn{nq fm pnznf n df{dssnsqd enq{n bn jfgbddf nbgtfmq kd qtq jfftodsncbdq ytf{mq `nbqmq" m dfatnb~tjdsn kd bmq ngtldsmq zn kdb {mkm z kdqansnkn/odf{d onfj`jdq{mq&

Bnq odqnq z bnq qjbbnq qd dfatdf{snf ambmanknq dfbmq qj{jmq oîq qmsysdfkdf{dq" ~td ambmansbmq nb gtq{m



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fm dq ymqjcbd" z dq ~td n~tdbbm dq {mkm tf smoydan/cd|nq" z db ~td ~tj{nsn nbgüf mcld{m" z dfqdgtjkn mb/ pjknsn bn namomknajñf duna{n ~td yms `tds|n bdamssdqymfkd" qd pdsïn df tf nytsm ynsn pmbpdsbm nnqdf{ns&

Db ysjods kïn" db kïn df ~td Qdsdfïf nb~tjbñ dbatns{m" kdqkd ~td {moñ ymqdqjñf kd êb z qd kjm nnamomkns qtq otdcbdq" doyd|ñ db qt`sjojdf{m" kïnqdf{dsmq bmq ynqñ ctqanfkm db qj{jm d ~td ankn amqnytkjdsn dq{nsqd& Qñbm kdqytêq kd otaem ̀ td dfamf/{snfkm bmq qj{jmq df ~td dq ymqjcbd bn namomknajñf&

Zn nemsn" zn {jdfd n~tï nbgüf {jdoym z {mkm an/ojfn nysmujonknodf{d cjdf&

Bm üb{jom ~td bd `td ysdajqm enads" amfqjq{jñ dfdkj`jans {daetdbmq" amf ~td ~tdkns ysm{dgjkm kd bmqysmzda{jbdq ~td kd {jdoym df {jdoym andf kdb {daem"nb odfmq bmq btgnsdq df ~td enz ~td ydsonfdads amf

ajds{n amf{jftjknk& [nbdq btgnsdq qmf< db kd bn odqnkd dqasjcjs z bdds" db kd bn anon" db kdb sdq{jsnkmskmfkd kjctln z db adsanfm n bn pdf{nfn& Kd onfdsn~td" df ankn tfm" qd pdf dkj`janajmfdq kd tf {jymftfan pjq{m" z ~td n bm ~td oîq qd nysmujonf dq ndqmq {daemq du{dfqmq qmcsd tf ynbm" amf ~td ysm{d/

gdf kdb qmb" qtq ytdq{mq" bmq pdfkdkmsdq jfkïgdfnq"tfmq n omkm kd ynsngtnq sda{nfgtbnsdq" z kd dbbmq"{sdq dq{îf qmq{dfjkmq yms tf qmbm ynbm" z tfm" db kd bnanon" qmcsd kmq&

N nbgtfm kd dq{mq sd`tgjmq amssd qjdoysd Qdsdfïf" z neï ‛~tê cmfj{m dq pds bbmpds z fm omlnsqd‛ qd

dq{î ktsnf{d {mkm db {jdoym ~td ydsonfdad kdf{smkd qt atns{m" z enq{n bn `daen df ~td pn dq{n kdqasjy/ajñf" en bmgsnkm dqanyns nysmujonknodf{d n qnbpm"nysmujonknodf{d kjgm" yms~td bdpdq {dssmfn|mq"{smyjd|mq qjf amfqdatdfajnq z m{snq yd~tdþdadq" fmenf `nb{nkm&



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Db ~td enzn bdïkm amf nbgtfn n{dfajñf bnq ysdad/kdf{dq bïfdnq" {nb pd| encsî doyd|nkm n qdf{js df qtancd|n tf pngm kdqamfajds{m" tf kdqamfajds{m pngm"m cjdf" tfn zn abnsnodf{d kd`jfjkn ngj{najñf" tf om/ pjojdf{m nf{d bn jkdn kd tf aem~td qjbmgïq{jam df{sd

dq{mq kmq {sdfdq kjnbêa{jamq ~td pnf df dfamf{snknqkjsdaajmfdq8 yms tf bnkm" db {sdf kd bnq ynbncsnq df~td en jkm dqatssjdfkm bn onfdsn kd qds kd Qdsdfïf" z yms m{sm" db {sdf ~td en jkm nyms{nfkm bnq ansna{d/sïq{janq kd bn pdajfknk&

Df {mkm ctdf amfajds{m" df {mkm ctdf kjqatsqm"

df {mkn ctdfn oî~tjfn" {mkmq bmq ompjojdf{mqkdcdf qds anojfnf{dq df tf qmbm qdf{jkm" z {mknq bnq{dfkdfajnq" df{dfkdsqd otz cjdf" d js" amom kd bnonfm" enajn tf qmbm mcld{jpm" enajn tfn qmbn od{n&Ydsm n~tï edomq pdfjkm encbnfkm kd tfn pdajfknk~td dq {nb z amom tfn cmocn amf bn odaen dfadf/

kjkn& Bn bbnoj{n kdb {jdoym pn amssjdfkm" amssjdfkm8 pn amssjdfkm qmcsd db ejbm kd bn odaen enajn bncmocn& Nemsn qñbm qnb{nf aejqynq kjojft{nq& Andfqmcsd bmq qmocsdsmq" qmcsd bmq pdq{jkmq" qmcsd bmq an/cdbbmq z qmcsd m{snq yns{dq" nsdfnq yd~tdþj{nq" ojgn/ lnq kd pjgnq" ydksd|tdbnq& Bmq knþmq ~td yms nemsn

qd ysmktadf" dq kncbd sdodkjnsbdq `îajbodf{d& Qj dbknþm df bnq smynq" cnq{n tf adyjbbm qtnpd" qj dq df bmqyjqmq" tfn dqamcn kdbgnkn" z qj df bmq anbkmq" tf ad/kn|tdbm `jfm& Enz omodf{mq df ~td bn bbnon {mantf gstom kd yñbpmsn tf ymam oîq gmskm" {jdfd df/{mfadq d`da{m tfn amoctq{jñf tf ymam oîq asdajkn"

z db bnksjbbm ~td and" bn ytds{n ~td qd kdqgtnsfdad"kdqn|mfnf tf gn{m" nfj~tjbnf bn dq{ê{jan kd tf yds/`jb kd gnbbm" enadf dq{msftkns tf bmsm" qmcsdqnb{nftf yd|& N amf{jftnajñf bn bbnon qd sdktad" z bnqaejqynq ~td bnf|n ptdbpdf n nk~tjsjs qt anbjcsd kdfmsonbjknk" z m{snq yd~tdþnq csj|fnq qd kdqysdf/



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kdf& Btdgm bbdgn n m{sm yd~tdþm gstom z nqï qjgtd z qjgtd" qjf ~td qd ysmkt|an d`da{m kd joyms{nfajn8ydsm tf kïn kdcd pdfjs" jssdodkjncbdodf{d" df ~td bnbbnon nbanfad" nb `jf" db amsn|ñf jf{dsfm kd bn ojfn" z df{mfadq {dfksî btgns bn duybmqjñf kd`jfj{jpn" z bn

pdajfknk df{dsn" amf {mkm atnf{m {jdfd kdf{sm< mc/ ld{mq" ydssmq" ydadq" yîlnsmq" pdgd{najñf z gdf{d" qdensî tf omf{ñf kd dqamocsmq&

Êq{d dq tf {sdf" êq{d dq db qdf{jkm df ~td anojfndb tfm kd bmq {sdfdq&

Z n~tï edomq {nocjêf encbnkm kd tf otaenaem

ytqjbîfjod" n{domsj|nkm df qtom gsnkm" z {ïojkmamom tf qjq{don fdspjmqm" amom tf îscmb kd dbêa{sj/anq nf{dfnq duytdq{m n bn jf{doydsjd" kd tf otaen/aetdbm ~td {mkm qd sdamgd n bn oîq jfqjgfj`janf{d pnsjnajñf" ~td {mkm qd sdybjdgn" ~td {jdocbn z ~tdynbyj{n z fm mqn kjqyt{ns db anoym fj {nf qj~tjdsn n

tf ymbbjfm {mknpïn fm qnbjkm kd bn dknk kd bn bna{nf/ajn" fj {nf qj~tjdsn n qmq{dfds bn ojsnkn kd tfn on/sjymqn" qj qd ynsn `sdf{d n êb z qd ~tdkn ojsîfkmbm kd`sdf{d&

½Añom dq" ytdq" ymqjcbd" ~td df db anoym kdftdq{snq sdysdqdf{najmfdq jf{dsjmsdq kdld kd {dfds

btgns tf pngm kdqamfajds{m" tf kdqamfajds{m pngm" mcjdf" tf ompjojdf{m fnajkm nf{d bn jkdn kd tfn an/{îq{sm`d jfojfdf{d" nf{d bn jkdn kd tf aem~td df{sddq{mq kmq {sdfdq ~td pnf df dfamf{snknq kjsdaajmfdq8yms tf bnkm db {sdf kd bnq ynbncsnq df ~td en jkm dq/atssjdfkm bn onfdsn kd qds kd Qdsdfïf" z yms m{sm

bnkm" db {sdf ~td en jkm nyms{nfkm bnq ansna{dsïq{janq"bn qj{tnajñf na{tnb" db dq{nkm kd anq{jbbm kd fnjydq z kd dqynkn kd Knomabdq kd bn pdajfknk=

Me" qï" fm ancd ktkn nbgtfn" n~tï qd en ybnf{dnkmtfn amf{snkjaajñf" z db ~td ~tjdsn df{dfkds añom qdduybjan z añom ytdkd amfajbjnsqd db edaem kd ~td



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Qdsdfïf" qjdfkm nqï amom dq" qd nbmld" kdqnztfd"amon" adfd" pjgjbd z ktdson df dq{d nbmlnojdf{m ~tddq{î nqï amom dq{î" bdn ‛z qj fm ~tjdsd enads oîq"amf dbbm bd cnq{nsî‛ üfjanodf{d bn ysjodsn bïfdn kddqasj{tsn kdb anyï{tbm qjgtjdf{d&

Qdsdfïf qd dfatdf{sn dfnomsnkm&Abnsjknk" amfgstdfajn" mskdf" df{dfkjojdf{m

ctdfm" amfads{najñf" sdnbjqom" pdsmqjojbj{tk z" dfqton" {mkm atnf{m pdfïnomq ydsqjgtjdfkm" daenfkm

{nf kd odfmq" qd en bmgsnkm kd gmbyd&Zn db sdbn{m"nf{dq qjfjdq{sm z |tskm" amf qñbm bn kdabnsnajñf kdtfnq ynbncsnq" qd en ynsnkm kdsdaem&Zn nemsn" db Qd/sdfïf kdb atdf{m" nkdf{sm kd dq{n anqn" fm dq n ftdq/{smq mlmq tf kdqcnsnltq{d" fm qd fmq ysdqdf{n fj fmqkn bn joysdqjñf kd tf gn{m ~td qtsansn tfnq bjf`nq

df{sd ajqfdq" tf aenssm df cjajabd{n" m tf kjncbm df/ lncmfîfkmqd bmq atdsfmq amf ngtn cdfkj{n& Z fmedomq kjaem otaem" qmbnodf{d edomq kjaem ~tdQdsdfïf qd dfatdf{sn dfnomsnkm&

Noms" noms& [dfïn ~td qds Noms& N Noms {dfïn/omq ~td dfamf{sns {snq dq{d ltdgm& Nqï `td df tf

ysjfajyjm" nqï df bmq {jdoymq odkjmq" nqï dq df bmysdqdf{d z nqï qdsî df bm ymspdfjs& [snq kd bn ast|"db kjncbm" z {snq db kdqamfajds{m z bn amf`tqjñf"qjdoysd Atyjkm& ½^tjêf m{sm ymksïn qds" ~tjêfm{sm" qjfm dq{d {nb yms atnb onbdnf{d" dfsdknkms"emfkn kd ltknq= ½^tjêf m{sm yns{d kd êq{d en qjkm"

enq{n bn `daen" db oîq qmamssjkm sdqymfqncbd kd{nf{m ncqtskm anqm d jfdu{sjancbd nqtf{m= Kmfkd/~tjdsn" df d`da{m" ~td enz nbgm amf bmq yjdq ynsnnssjcn" neï dq{î êq{d" êq{d ~td kd tf amcnskd" enadtf pnbjdf{d" kd tf ntkn|" tf {ïojkm" kd tf jf{dbj/gdf{d" tf {mf{m" kd tf {mf{m" tf Onaejnpdbm qd/



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gtfkm" kd tf kjbjgdf{d" tf {nskm" kd tf {nskm" tfdoysdqnsjm" z kd tf yjd kd {ms{tgn" tf {sdf kd `bdaenq& Z oîq z odfmq" qdgüf bm ~td fm yjdfqd" bm ~td odfmqqd dqydsd" bm ~td oîq qd kjqynsd" z bm ~td oîq ymsongm" jfjf{dbjgjcbd d jfamoyngjfncbd" fmq kdqcnsn{d

db ltjajm z fmq qmsysdfkn oîq& Noms" Noms & & &Kd bn kma{n qms Ltnfn" qjf ~td qdyn yms kñfkd"

enf bbdgnkm df pmbnfknq n oj odf{d" z ytgfnf ymsqnbjs n bn ytf{n kd oj ybton" bnq qjgtjdf{dq ynbncsnq<

Fm qê qj od amf{snkjgmdf dq{d amf`tqm dssms8onq db ~td {tpjdsd noms"df{dfkdsî bm ~td kjgm&

Z pjdfdf otz onb nb anqm& ^tjdsdf kdajs ~td bnqamqnq kdb otfkm kdb noms fm ytdkdf qds ojsnknqamf mlmq kd qdfqn{m" ~td dq fdadqnsjm pdsbnq n bm bmam"~td dq ysdajqm dq{ns dfnomsnkm ynsn amoysdfkdsbnq"~td encbns kd dfnomsnojdf{mq n bmq ~td dq{îf kdf/{sm df qt ltjajm" dq encbnsbdq df gsjdgm&

Z dq{d otaenaem ytdkd dq{ns kdqambmsjkm ytdkdqds ymbm kd csültbn ansgnkm kd dbda{sjajknk kd qjgfmjgtnb n bn kd bn pdajfknk" ~td" yms {nf{m" kdcdsïn qdssdydbjkm" ydsm m{sn `tds|n" jf{dspjfjdfkm" en pdfjkmn enads ctsbn kd bnq bdzdq ~td gmcjdsfnf bmq `btjkmqdbêa{sjamq z n enads ~td qd ysmkt|anf `dfñodfmq

kdqamfads{nf{dq" amqnq bmanq" n enads kd Qdsdfïf tfncsültbn bman" atzn ansgn kd qjgfm fdgn{jpm ctqan"amf{sn {mkn bñgjan" bn amssjdf{d" {nocjêf kd qjgfm fd/gn{jpm" kd bn pdajfknk&

Qï" kd dbbm dq tf ncqtskm" tfn amf`tqjñf" tfn amqnkd dfanf{m" df tf amf`tqm dssms" df atzm atdf{m"‒zn



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qê ~td od amf{snkjgm8 onq db ~td {tpjdsd noms" df/{dfkdsî bm ~td kjgm‟&Z dq{d otaenaem dq{î" amomqd en kjaem" qjf ambms z {dodsmqm d jf~tjd{m8 ydsmfm qd pn" z fm qd pn" yms~td" ydsoï{nqdod bn duysd/qjñf< noms bm {jdfd n{nkm amf qt ankdfn kd `bmsdq&

M{sn yd~tdþn nabnsnajñf" amf ojq duatqnq& Tf qds/ pjkms qd enbbñ ysdqdf{d n tfn kjqatqjñf ~td enadotaem nb anqm" qmq{dfjkn df{sd pdajfmq df{dsnkmq kdbedaem kd ~td dq{nomq matyîfkmfmq" z ~td fnajñyms~td tfm kd dbbmq" enajdfkm nbnskd kd tfn {nf bn/kjfn z gsnajmqn" amom majmqn onbjajn" ysmytqm ~td

añom dq ~td qj bnq ankdfnq kdb noms qmf kd ̀ bmsdq" z qj bnq `bmsdq qmf `sîgjbdq z cnq{n tf bjgdsm {jsñf ynsnsmoydsbnq" ½Añom dq ~td fm enz emocsd ~tdytdkn" yms qt dq`tds|m" bjcds{nsqd kd dbbnq=

Yms ajds{m ~td" ntf~td qd kjdsmf amf{dq{najmfdqcnq{nf{d jfgdfjmqnq" n oï fjfgtfn bbdgñ n qn{jq`n/

adsod" qjfm qñbm tfn oïn ~td onf{tpd df db ytsmydfqnojdf{m" qjf kdlnsbn bbdgns n bmq bjfkdsmq kd bmqkjdf{dq" yms ynsdadsod ~td fm bn {monsïnf dfatdf{n df{mfadq&Z zn ~td nemsn dfanln amom nfjbbmnb kdkm" od nysmpdaem kd bn amztf{tsn ynsn kdabn/snsbn&Z amfqjq{d" df ~td" zm ed pjq{m {msmq pdsknkd/

smq z `tds{dq amom {nbdq" n{nkmq n tf kdbd|fncbdodan{j{m" dq{nsqd ~tjd{mq z qdgtjs amf etojbknk nb~td bmq enbn" qjf {sn{ns lnoîq kd ctsbns qt bjgnktsn"fm mcq{nf{d ~td" amom zn qd en kjaem" fj db odan{ddsn `tds{d fj bmq {msmq kêcjbdq& Dq{m edaem qd duybjan"kjajdfkm ~td bm ~td ynqn n~tï" dq ~td bn gdf{d kd

anoym {jdfd db kmf kd enads bnq amqnq amf tf {n/bdf{m kd ~td df gdfdsnb ansdadomq bmq kd bn ajtknk"kd omkm ~td" qncjdfkm bm otz kdbjankn ~td dq bnfnsj| kdb {msm" kd dq{n yns{d dq kd kmfkd bm qtld{nf"amf bm atnb qd amfqjgtd ~td" qj db nfjonb enad `tds/|nq amf mcld{m kd jfkdydfkj|nsqd" bd ktdbd bn fnsj|&



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Z dq{m" m nbgm oîq m odfmq kdb lnd| kd dq{m" dq bm~td qtadkd" qdgüf zm" amf bm kdb noms" yms bm ~td qdsd`jdsd n bnq ankdfnq amf ~td fmq nonssn& Êq{nqqdsîf kd `bmsdq `sîgjbdq8 ydsm fm bnq ysdfkd" nz" kdbamsn|ñf" ~td zn ymksî nkpds{jsqd qj dq yns{d km/

bjdf{d z kdbjankn" ~td ntf tfn ojsnkn bm bnq{jon z bm ymq{sn amf kmbdfajn ~td otaenq pdadq fm nbanf|nn qnfnsqd fj amf db {jdoym kd {mkn tfn pjkn&

Z Qdsdfïf dq{î nqï n{nkm&Z fm mqn ompdsqd" z fmytdkd nyns{nsqd amf qt atdsym" fj pngns amf qt nbon&Bnq bdlnfïnq kdb Fms{d" bnq kjq{nfajnq kdb Qts" bmq em/

sj|mf{dq emfkmq kdb Ymfjdf{d" bmq ojq{dsjmq kdb bd/gdfknsjm Msjdf{d" bmq anojfmq {ms{tmqmq" bnq pdsdknq" z {mkn {snfqbnajñf bd dq{î pdknkn" z fm qd atsn qtn`bjaajñf" qt qdk kd {snqetonf{d" df m{snq bdlnfïnq~td bnq ~td m`sdadf tfmq kjq{nf{dq mlmq& & &

Ymcsdaj{m otaenaem" nfmaed `td amf db kma{ms" z

db kma{ms bd kjlm ~td qd natdq{d {doysnfm" ~td qdnbjodf{d cjdf& [dfïn ~td qds kma{ms& Amom qj bnqemlnq kd bmq ytþnbdq nomsmqmq `tdsnf kd fnsañ{janbdaetgn" z qt aîbj|" amyn df ~td qd amf{jdfd nydsj/{jpm& Nydfnq qj amfqjgtd" n `tds|n kd amf{ns kdb tfmnb ojb" kdb ojb nb kmq" kdb kmq nb {sdq z atn{sm" z ojb

yms ojb" ejbm yms ejbm kd tfnq ydq{nþnq fdgsnq d jf/amf{ncbdq" ydgns qtq {sjq{dq mlmq&Ynsn nancnsbn kd nsstjfns" bmq {jdoymq dq{îf

onbmq" bnq amqnq dq{îf ansnq" db gmcjdsfm yngn bnq~tjfadfnq amf sd{snqm" kdqatdf{n kd bmq qtdbkmq bnamf{sjctajñf kdb Jfamod [nu " ~tj{n tf {nf{m yms

ajdf{m ynsn `msons db ysdqtytdq{m kdb Yns{jkm Fn/ajmfnb Sdpmbtajmfnsjm" m{sm {nf{m ynsn bn Kjsdaajñfkd Ydfqjmfdq Ajpjbdq kd Sd{jsm" z nemsn" amom qj fm`tdsn zn cnq{nf{d" nfkn yms neï db stoms kd ~td pnfn kdqamf{ns" {mknpïn" tf kjd| yms ajdf{m kdb {m{nb kdbqtdbkm ynsn dpj{ns tf kê`jaj{ kd fm qê atîf{mq oj/



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bbmfdq df db ysdqtytdq{m& Zn fm {jdfdf |nyn{mq" yms~td" ntf~td fm gnq{n

otaem df qï ojqom" {jdfd df qt {jdssn tfnq edson/fj{nq ~td fm atdf{nf amf m{sm noynsm ~td db qtzm&

Ne" ~tê anqtnbjknk& Encbnfkm kdb sdz kd Smon" z

êb" ~td nqmon&Ankn kïn ynqn ymam oîq m odfmq n dq{n ojqon

emsn& Jfodkjn{nodf{d ~td qnbd kd bn m`jajfn qd pjdfdnaî n qt anqn&[snd cnq{ñf" dq{n amq{tocsd dq anqj qd/gtsm ~td bn edsdkñ& Ytdq fm pjq{d amf dbdgnfajn z"yms bm ~td qd pd" fm dq nonf{d kdb btlm d" jfktkn/

cbdodf{d" Qdsdfïf fm tqn qt cnq{ñf amf jkdn jgtnbn bn ~td joydbd n bmq `j`ïq n ~td bm tqdf" qjfm qjoybd/odf{d yms~td bd ngsnkn {sndsbm& Dq db qtzm tf cnq/{ñf kdbgnkm" sdon{n df anznkm z" db anznkm" dfancd|n kd ydssm& Tf kïn" yms nfkns amf qtq ysjqnq"ydskjñ tfm nf{dsjms n êq{d" btdgm bm qtq{j{tzñ amf

êq{d z" ~tjêf qncd qj {nocjêf bm yjdskn& N pdadq qd bd mbpjkn bn amscn{n" z ptdbpd amssjdfkm8ydsm" zn df qt anqn" qd ~tdkn ydsybdlm" qjf n{jfns n~tê dq bm ~td pmbpjñ& Df{mfadq dq atnfkm df bn m`j/ajfn bd nkpjds{df ~td fm kdcd bbdgns {nskd& Êb `jfgd~tdsds ~td bn {jdssn qd bm {sngtd" nb ld`d bd and df gsn/

ajn z {mkm ~tdkn nssdgbnkm&‛N oï qd od enad ~td dq{î tq{dk dfnomsnkm‛bd kjad bn {n~tïgsn`n df csmon&

‛Dfnomsnsod zm ‛amf{dq{n êb otz qdsjm&Df ajds{m omkm" qt nynsjdfajn kn bîq{jon& Dq tfm

kd dqmq {jymq ~td qd pdf kêcjbdq8 ydsm ~td" n bn

emsn kd bn emsn" atnfkm qd m`sdad {snqbnkns tfotdcbd" kdqamssds tf ydq{jbbm kdonqjnkm nysd{nkm"kdq{msfjbbns tfn bbnpd kd ngtn" t m{snq amqnq kd pjm/bdfajn `ïqjan" ~tjdfdq bm pdf" bd kjadf< Ansnfaem" fmjongjfncn zm ~td dq{tpjdsn tq{dk {nf `tds{d&Z kd~tjdfdq qd ltsnsïn ~td fm df{jdfkdf kd amqnq emf/



;5

knq" enq{n ~td" kd sdydf{d" nynsdad df bnq bjcsdsïnqtf {sn{nkm kd Od{n`ïqjan" m tfn fmpdbn ant{jpnkmsnyms qtq nads{nknq z ysm`tfknq nqdpdsnajmfdq" cnlm dbstcsm kd qt fmocsd&

Qdsdfïf fm en dqasj{m ftfan fnkn" fj" ~td qd qdyn"

en {dfjkm myms{tfjknk kd bdpnf{ns yjnfmq nf{d nb/gtjdf8 ydsm db kïn ~td qd bd m`sd|an" qj ~tjdsd" ytdkdenadsbm" dqydajnbodf{d bm kd bn fmpdbn&

Qd qncd ~td bnq qdþmsj{nq Ts{tqîq{dgtj" nb bdds bnqans{nq ~td êb bdq dqasjcd" qtdb{nf kd ysmf{m bn sjqn mqd ymfdf n bbmsns" qdgüf kd bm ~td qd {sn{d" z dqm" ~td

dq{îf dqasj{nq qjf ysd{dfqjmfdq" df {êsojfmq qdfaj/bbmq" enq{n db ytf{m df ~td fm qd ymksïn kdajs atîb dqdb qdasd{m kdb ~td êb qd pnbd ynsn amfompdsbnq&

Fm ytdkd kdajsqd ~td qdn otz dq{tkjmqm" df dbqdf{jkm ~td knf n dq{n ynbncsn kd dq{tkjns" bmq tfj/ pdsqj{nsjmq& Qt qdocbnf{d dq db kd tf kjq{snïkm" db kd

tf cmcnbjañf" db kd tfm ~td fm qd kn atdf{n kd fnkn&Fm mcq{nf{d" df bn fmaed" kdqkd ~td nyngn bn bt|ynsn kmsojsqd" qd bd pn ysdqdf{nfkm {mkm bm kdb kïn"amf nbgüf kdqmskdf8 ydsm amf otaen abnsjknk z ysd/ajqjñf" amom qj dq{tpjdsn pmbpjdfkm n qtadkds&

Qdsdfïf pjdfd amssjdfkm" amssjdfkm amom kd amq/

{tocsd" fn{tsnbodf{d fm amf anssdsn kdqn{nkn"qjfm ~td nqï amom dq pîbjkm kdajs kd tfm ~td pn am/ssjdfkm otz kd ysjqn" ~td pn pmbnfkm" nqï od asdm zm nt{msj|nkm n kdajs ~td êq{d ~td pjdfd nfknfkmotz kd ysjqn" ~td pjdfd amssjdfkm& Qd pd abnsm ~tdbd tsgd pmbpds n qt atns{m" oîq cjdf kjaem" kd pds/

knk bd tsgd" qjdoysd bd tsgd& Nkmfkd ~tjdsn ~td pnzn" pn amom bn gdf{d" fj nysjqn fj kdqynajm" sdgt/bns& Bnq anssdsnq qmf nb pmbpds& Db cnq{mfaj{m nydfnq{man db qtdbm" db qnam mfkdn" qd ngj{n" {monkm yms dbnjsd" ~tjdsd ~tdknsqd n{sîq&

Kdqkd ~td df{sn df qt atns{m" bm ysjodsm ~td enad



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dq daens tfn mldnkn sdpjqmsn8 fm pnzn n qds db kjncbm" z {snq {mknq bnq jf`jfj{nq ysdantajmfdq kd ~td qd enedaem odfajñf z nadsan kd bnq atnbdq zn fm enz ynsn~tê jfqjq{js" Qdsdfïf ajdssn bn ytds{n" ~td" yms cnln z yms kns n tf ynqjbbm mqatsm" ntf dq{nfkm ncjds{n" kdln

bn dq{nfajn {dfdcsmqn8 qñbm df bn onþnfn db qmb fn/ajdf{d" ambnfkm tf en| kd qtq snzmq" ambman df bnynsdk tf ñpnbm tf ymam odfmq gsnfkd ~td tfetdpm" z qjspd kd anfkjb& Kdqytêq" n odkjkn ~td pn pmb{dnfkm bn {jdssn" db ñpnbm cnln nb qtdbm z kdasdad"kdasdad" enq{n kdqnynsdads&

Df bm kdoîq kdb kïn" atdq{n otaem {sncnlm bdds mdfamf{sns bnq amqnq ~td qd andf nb qtdbm& Yms m{snyns{d" ncsjdfkm bn pdf{nfn" qd dq{ncbdad tf {sîfqj{mkd njsd z" amom kd yd~tdþm bd kjm bn ytbomfïn n Qd/sdfïf" yms~td n qt ynksd bd gtq{ncn kdqftknsbm z daensbm nb yn{jm qjdoysd ~td bbmpïn" nemsn" yms {doms

n tfn sdanïkn qd atjkn otaeïqjom Z enad cjdf" kdtfn sdanïkn dq snsm db ~td qd dqanyn Yms dq{m dq ymsbm ~td ajdssn bn ytds{n nf{dq kd fnkn& Dq kdajs" fm ymsadssns bn ytds{n" qjfm yms ymkds" btdgm" ncsjs bn pdf/{nfn qjf ~td qd dq{ncbd|an {sîfqj{m kd njsd& Df qd/gtjkn" qd tf{n odf{mbn{m df bnq pdf{nfnq kd bn fnsj|

z n{sîq kd bmq mïkmq z" `jfnbodf{d" qd nqdgtsn kd bnqmbjkd| kd tfn qjbbn ~td ltf{m n bn pdf{nfn dq{î" qdqjdf{n df dbbn z qd ymfd n ojsns&

Ojsns fm dq amom pds&Pds" dq kdlns ~td bn bt| mcsd

qmcsd db kjqymqj{jpm kd bmq mlmq& Db ~td ncsd bmq mlmq"db ~td fm qd bmq {nyn" êqd dq db ~td pd& Ojsns" df ano/cjm" dq df{sdgnsqd yms odkjm kdb qdf{jkm kd bmq mlmq"dq ymbnsj|ns bnq ym{dfajnq kdb qds enajn db mcld{m ~tdany{tsnf bmq mlmq& N~tdb ~td ncsd bmq mlmq" z amf/kdfqn" nkdoîq" qmcsd bnq mcsnq ~td bn bt| mcsn df qtq



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mlmq" qt ysdqdfajn" êqd dq db ~td ojsn& Nemsn cjdf" `smf{dsm n bn pdf{nfn" pjqjcbd kdqkd

kdf{sm kd bn yjd|n" m`sdajêfkmqd n {snpêq kd bn pdf/{nfn" anbbnkm z pds{janb" qd nb|n tf otsm8 db otsm dqnb{m" ynskm z bjqm" z dq{î amfq{dbnkm kd pdf{nfnq&

Ftfan en qjkm dfanbnkm& Qtq bnksjbbmq kdqftkmq enfjkm sdajcjdfkm" nb kjsda{m" bnq otknf|nq kdb {jdoym z kd bmq dbdodf{mq& Bnq emsnq z kdqemsnq" bmq kïnq z bnq fmaedq" bnq ysjonpdsnq" bmq pdsnfmq" bmq m{mþmq"bmq jfpjdsfmq" amf qtq pjdf{mq" qtq nskmsdq" qtq bbtpjnq z qtq `sïmq" bm enf jkm joysdgfnfkm amf fm qd qncd

~tê" qjfm ~td dq bn qtq{nfajn ynqjpïqjon" ~td n ̀ tds|nkd `jb{snsqd" bmq nþmq enf qmb{nkm kd bnq kdbgnknqmfknq kd qtq ngtnq ydsyd{tnq z anbbnknq&

Ncnlm" n bmq yjdq kdb otsm anbbnkm z pds{janb" qdenad db îfgtbm" kd kmfkd db yjqm nqdfkdsnkm kdbyn{jm yns{d enajn naî" enq{n pdfjs" nynsdf{dodf{d" n

aemans amf bn bïfdn emsj|mf{nb jf`dsjms kd bn pdf/{nfn& Df db du{sdom nb{m bjfkn amf db otkncbd ajdbm z" n bmq bnkmq" bm ams{nf bnq kmq ydsydfkjatbnsdq"ompjcbdq amf db mcqdspnkms" kd natdskm amf bnq am/fmajknq bdzdq kd ammskdfnknq kd bn ydsqyda{jpn&

Fm {jdfd" ytdq" Qdsdfïf" ~td enads m{sn amqn ~td

ancdadns" ynsn bmgsns ~td db otsm df{dsm qd kdqybnad"amom tf ans{ñf yjf{nkm ~td ydfktbdnsn kd{sîq kdtf ngtldsm&

Ojsns fm dq amom pds& Ojsns dq df{sdgns db nbon nbmcld{m ~td any{tsnf bmq mlmq& Dq nbgm oîq ~td pds" dq pds amf qdk& Df db ojsns kd Qdsdfïf" ~td zn qd en

kjaem" qd pd dq{n qdk qmscds" ~tdsds cdcds nbgm n dq{dotsm" z df qt duysdqjñf qd fm{n" ajds{n" dqn kdonfknjf{dsfn" ysm`tfkn z `dspmsmqn ~td otdq{snf bmq ~tdmsnf df qjbdfajm&

Bn {nskd pn anzdfkm& Tfn n omkm kd dqn fjdcbn~td qd bmgsn amf df{sdadssns bmq yîsynkmq" pn an/



4>

zdfkm kd nssjcn z doyd|nfkm n df{tscjns db pjksjmodbnfañbjam kdb njsd8 tf ymam kd dqd n omkm kd qt/{jbïqjom ymbpm mqatsm" nb atnb bbnonomq qmocsn" pnanzdfkm kdb ajdbm" z tf ymam kd êqd" zn fm n omkmkd ymbpm" qjfm gdftjfm ymbpm ‛z ntf yd~tdþnq

yjdksnq‛ pn anzdfkm" jf{dsoj{df{dodf{d kd bmq {d/aemq" z amom df {mkn bn pdajfknk %atnb zn qd en df/ansdajkm {nf{m* fm enz amqn nbgtfn qñbjkn" z amom bnyns{d yns{jajyn qjdoysd kd bn fn{tsnbd|n kdb {mkm" z amom bmq ytf{mq kdb yjqm df ~td bnq yn{nq kd bn qjbbnkd Qdsdfïf qd nqjdf{nf" `msonf yns{d kd bn pdajfknk"

sdqtb{n ~td bm ojqom ~td bn {nskd" db qjbdfajm" bnqmocsn z bm kdoîq" Qdsdfïf {nocjêf qd dq{î an/ zdfkm& Qj qd ets{nsn tf ym~tj{m n bn j|~tjdskn" qj"{nf qñbm bbdgnsn n matssïsqdbd kdqast|ns qt yjdsfn kd/sdaen z anocjnsbn n dfajon kd qt j|~tjdskn" nz" zmdq{mz n ytf{m kd qmb{ns db {snym kd bn sjqn" qñbm amf

bn sdysdqdf{najñf ~td od engm kd bn ansn ~td ensïnQdsdfïf {snq db {snq{n|m& Ydsm fm" df sdnbjknk fm enz sjdqgm8 dq ajds{m ~td bn yn{n {snqdsn kdb bnkm kdsdaemkd bn qjbbn {jdfd nqdf{nkm" df sdbn{jpnodf{d `jsod nbm oîq tf kjd| yms ajdf{m kd bn qtyds`jajd ~td dq qtcnqd jf`dsjms8 onq db lmpdf fj qj~tjdsn ynsynkdn" qd

en jkm z fm dq{î n~tï" {mkm qt atdsym z qt nbondq{îf abnpnkmq" amf qtq mlmq" yms ajon kd tf fmyn/bjbbm ~td df{sd otqgmq z ~tdbj{dq qjbpdq{sdq" pn fn/ajdfkm nb cmskd kd bn pdf{nfn kd ~td" ysdajqnodf{ddf db yîssn`m ysjodsm kd dq{n ejq{msjn" qd en edaemodfajñf kjajdfkm<‒Kd tfn `daen zn jkn ynsn qjdo/

ysd enad zn otaem" m qdn" kd tf sdom{m {jdoym ~tdftfan en kd pmbpds" df pjs{tk kd ~td fm bn nancnsmf"tfn kd bnq pdf{nfnq kd bn ynsdk kd df`sdf{d ~tdkñqjf {dsojfns & &‒ d{a&

Zn" nb kdqasjcjs db otsm" qd nfm{ñ" ~td fm dq dq{n bnüfjan ~td enz& Nemsn cjdf8 {mknq bnq kdoîq ~td enz



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df db otsm" atdf{nf amf {mkm n~tdbbm amf ~td kdcd"df bm dqdfajnb" amf{ns amf tfn pdf{nfn& [mknq dbbnqenf qjkm" nb odfmq df odomsjn" ancnbodf{d dfons/anknq& N {mknq dbbnq enz ~tjdf {sn{d" oîq m odfmq" kdkjqjotbnsbdq bn stjfn kd qtq nþmq& Onfmq" df onzms

m odfms odkjkn atjknkmqnq" atsnf kd snqtsnsbdq bmq~tdbj{dq z |nan{dq ~td dqymf{îfdnodf{d nynsdadfyms neï kd {jdoym df {jdoym" kd ambmans {jdq{dajbbmqkd `bmsdq" lntbnq amf yîlnsmq m kdq{daenknq ydsj~td/snq" kd sdodfkns bmq emzmq ~td qd enadf kdonqjnkmadsan" kd sdyjf{ns nbgtfnq pdadq bnq onkdsnq" kd nam/

omkns pjqjbbmq {snq bmq pjksjmq m kd ambgns ams{jfnq8onq df fjfgtfn kd dq{nq ydsjytdq{nq" anqj df{dsnq"`bmsdajdf{dq" ynsn lnoîq bmq mlmq qtzmq Qdsdfïf" qjfmqñbm df bn üb{jon kd nssjcn" bn jfnancnkn z qñskjkn~td fm amfqjq{d df oîq ~td db pnfm&

Zm dq{jom ~td" nb odfmq kd ynqm" kdcm sd`dsjsod

n~tï n tf ysmcbdon sdbn{jpm n bm ~td df dq{d dqynajmqd en jkm {snfqasjcjdfkm& [mknq bnq pdf{nfnq kdbotsm" sdyj{m" atdf{nf amf {mkm n~tdbbm amf ~tdkdcd" df bm dqdfajnb" amf{ns tfn pdf{nf" odsdadf" qjfsdynsm" qds bbnonknq pdf{nfnq8 ydsm bn jfmyd z fmamoybd{n df ~td ymqn amf pjgjbnf{d dfqtdþm qtq

mlmq Qdsdfïf" ansdf{d kd pjksjdsnq" kd onsam z kd ams/{jfnq" ~td fm amfqjq{d" df `jf" qjfm df db pnfm"½ymksî" amf ysmyjdknk" qds bbnonkn pdf{nfn= ½Fmqdsïn oîq ysmyjm bbnonsbn" qjoybdodf{d" ngtldsm=

Fm ed qjkm zm db üfjam fj db ysjodsm ~td bmyjdfqn&Z enq{n kdcm kdajs oîq8 bn myjfjñf sdjfnf{d

n~tï" en qjkm df dq{d qdf{jkm&Z {mknpïn emz" oîq kdatn{sm pdajfmq" joyïnodf{d" qjf encdsqd ytdq{m qj/~tjdsn n kjqat{jsbm" bn bbnonf ngtldsm& Qdsdfïf qd pdamejcjkm z qd df{sjq{dad qjdoysd ~td mzd {sn{ns dbytf{m&Z êb ysmyjm" ntf~td amf ydfn" ktsnf{d ajds{m{jdoym sdamfmajñ ~td qï" z ~td d`da{jpnodf{d fm nb/



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anf|ncn n qds tfn pdf{nfn&Z atnfkm bm mïn kdajs" dfyns{d yms kdamsm z kjqasdajñf" z df yns{d yms~td fmdfamf{sncn mcldajmfdq qdsjnq ~td mymfds" qd anbbncn& Z nqï dq{ncnf bnq amqnq" z nqï etcjdsnf qdgtjkm" n fmqds yms~td tfn {nskd df ~td enaïn otaem anbms" dq/

{nfkm Qdsdfïf df amoynþïn kd tf amoynþdsm qtzmotz kdqyjds{m" dq{tkjmqm d jbtq{snkm" n tf gmbyd kd pjdf{m qd ncsjñ bn pdf{nfn kdb atns{m df ~td qd df/amf{sncnf&Z db amoynþdsm ~td" nb ynsdads" ydfqncndf db ysmcbdon" kd ysmf{m" qjf nf{dadkdf{d nbgtfm"amom qj Qdsdfïf `tdsn nkjpjfm z dq{tpjdsn df bm ~td

êb jcn ydfqnfkm" kjlm< ‛Ne" zn anjgm& ‛½Df ~tê=" bdysdgtf{ñ qmsysdfkjkm Qdsdfïf& Ytdq df dqm" amf/{dq{ñ db amoynþdsm" nytf{nfkm amf bn `sdf{d {mkn/ pïn nsstgnkn yms bn odkj{najñf enajn kmfkdamfpdfïn" df ~td dqm" n ydqns kd ~td" amom atnb/~tjds pdf{nfn" dq tf ngtldsm8 z fm mcq{nf{d {mkm

atnf{m enq{n n~tï qd en kjaem" qï dq pdf{nfn z ytdkd" amf db oîq yds`da{m kdsdaem" qds bbnonkn pdf{nfn& Dq {nf pdf{nfn" ~td zn ~tjqjdsnf m{snq ot/aenq qdsbm {nf{m&Pdn tq{dk" enad tf omodf{m" qdf/{ïn zm tf gsnf anbms" enq{n db du{sdom ~td zn dq{ncnydfqnfkm df ~tj{nsod db qnam8 ydsm df dq{m bbdgñ

jfmyjfnknodf{d tf gmbyd kd pjdf{m z ncsjñ" jfmyj/fnknodf{d" dq{n pdf{nfn& Jfodkjn{nodf{d doydaên qdf{jsod nbjpjnkm kd anbms&Z dq{m od ej|m sdanyn/aj{ns df ojq nkdf{smq<Pdf{nfn" qï" ynsn ~td df{sd db pjdf{m& Dqm dq" kd pjdf{m" kd neï pjdfdf pdf{nfn" bmojqom ~td pdf{jbnkms z ~td pdf{jbn" fm kd dfons/

ankm" fm kd pjksjdsn m kd ymq{jgm" fj kd ams{jfj{nn|tb& [nbdq nkj{nodf{mq oîq cjdf qmf tf dq{mscmynsn bn pdf{jbnajñf" ytdq n tfn pdf{nfn" ymfjêfkmbd pjksjdsnq" ambgîfkmbd ams{jfnq" oîq ~td dfpdf{nfd/adsbn" qd bn kdqpdf{nfj|n" qd bd odson qt `tfajñf"qd bd joyjkd qt mcld{m" qd bn nyns{n kd qt qjgfj`jan/



4;

ajñf d{jombñgjan&Qdsdfïf fm kjlm fnkn" qñbm qjf{jñ ~tdamf qt kjqatsqm" qt amoynþdsm bd jfzda{ncn bt| z bd~tj{ncn tf gsnf ydqm kd dfajon& Yms ajds{m ~td n dq{dqtld{m bm onfknsmf oîq {nskd n Ydffqzbpnfjn" ydf/qjmfnkm" n dq{tkjns `jbmbmgïn& ^tê ojbngsm" df dq{m qï qd

ej|m ltq{jajn" fm amom atnfkm onfknsmf n n~tdbbmqdq{tkjnf{dq nb Lnyñf" z kjm yms sdqtb{nkm ~td bn tfj/ pdsqjknk kd n~tï `td kdonfknkn" ytdq qtq dfpjnkmq"n bn qmocsn kd dbbn qd daensmf nbbî ojbdq kd ksmgnq&

Qdsdfïf dqasjcd kd {nskd df {nskd n Ydffqzbpnfjn" z sdftdpn df ankn ans{n bnq duysdqjmfdq kd qt ngsn/

kdajojdf{m<‒Fm enz amom db {nbdf{m" dqasjcd" gsnajnqn tq{dk" zn fm enz ~tjdf qd n{sdpn n bbnons ngtldsm nftdq{sn ~tdsjkn pdf{nfj{n& Kd emz df oîq qd tqnsîdq{d fmocsd df ankn anqm qdodlnf{d& Nqï sdqtb{nsîtfn ysmqn oîq anq{j|n" z qd dpj{nsî" kd ynqm" bn amf/`tqjñf kd ~td fm qd qdyn qj qd {sn{n kd tf {tcm kd

gtnskns ngtlnq& Üb{jonodf{d qd od en matssjkm tfnftdpn sn|ñf& Fm ancd ktkn kd ~td" kd ~td Kjmq kn"kn n onfmq bbdfnq" qñbm ~td" amom dq{n sn|ñf" qdysdq{n ynsn ajds{nq ctsbnq" od anbbm&‟

^tê kjq{nfajnq" ~tê nbdlnkmq anojfmq" amf ~têojdocsmq {nf jfd~tjpnbdf{dq bmgsn enads datnajmfdq

Qdsdfïf& Ngtldsm bm ojqom ~td pdf{nfn& Pdfgn n pdsbm db ~td ~tjdsn" qj df sdnbjknk fm dq oîq ~td tfngtldsm&

Me" ymkds kd bn `d&‒Zn fnkjd ‛dqasjcd Qdsdfïf‛qd n{sdpdsî n kdajs ~td dq tf ngtldsm ftdq{sn ~tdsjkn pdf{nfj{n&‟

Z {mknpïn fm enf ynsnkm df dq{m bnq mydsnajmfdq&Amf atîf{n sn|ñf en kjaem<‒[jdfd db amsn|ñf qtq sn/|mfdq ~td bn sn|ñf fm amfmad&‟Anojfnfkm kd datn/ajñf df datnajñf" kd qdodlnf|n df qdodlnf|n&Qdsdfïf en bbdgnkm n kdomq{sns" anqj fnkn" qñbm ~td dbngtldsm êq{d" z db ajdbm" qmf bm ojqom&



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Bn {jdssn dq nb{n n~tï8 oîq kd kmq ojb od{smq qmcsddb fjpdb kdb ons" bn pdf{nfn" maem n ftdpd od{smqoîq nb{n ~td bn {jdssn8 oîq nb{m nüf" ydsm qjf amoyn/snajñf" oîq nb{m nüf ~td bn pdf{nfn" n {mkmq bmq od/{smq qmcsd db fjpdb kdb ons" sdymqn db ajdbm&

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pdf{nfn qmf bm ojqom&Db ajdbm dq bn pdf{nfn& N pds qj enz tf eêsmd ~td qdn{sdpn z ~td pdfgn z od bm duybj~td&

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Tf yîlnsm dq ftdq{sm nfedbns" tf yîlnsm ~td qdetfkd pnfnodf{d df db pnaïm kd ftdq{sn nbon" z qñbmatnfkm amf bn yjnkmqn jbtqjñf ~td fmq ysmatsn ftdq/{sm ysmyjm anfqnfajm" {snfq`msonomq df `tdf{d kdngtn pjpn" atnb~tjds csjbbm `tgn|" kdajomq ajdbm" df/qtdþm" noms" m ktdþm oïm& Ynbncsnq qmbnq qmf" ynbn/

csnq otz kjq{nf{dq" ynbncsnq ~td qñbm tqnomq n `jfkd jongjfns ~td fm smoydomq bn nynsdf{d amfan{d/fnajñf kd ftdq{sm qds" n `jf kd fm df`sdf{nsfmq amfbn nfgtq{jn kd nkoj{js ~td dq{nomq sm{mq" ynbncsnq~td qñbm qjspdf ynsn bbdfns amf nbgm bmq ncjqomq ~td pjgjbnf" qdkjdf{mq" df ftdq{sm amsn|ñf" bmq ytdf{dq



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~td fmq `nb{nf ynsn ymkds bjgns bmq {snomq ~td fmenbbnomq kdb anojfm enajn fmqm{smq ojqom" bnq pn/anf{dq df qmocsn kd ftdq{sn dujq{dfajn" bmq pnfmq mkdqpnfdq ~td fm {jdfdf jkdf{jknk ysdajqn z ytdkdfamf{dfds ajdf ojb" ydsm joysdajqnq&

Fnkjd" ~td qd qdyn" {tpm lnoîq jkdn kd bm ~td ajdbmdq& Êb {noymam {jdfd8 ydsm qt amsn|ñf qd `jfgd ~td qï qncd" z pdfkîfkmqd bmq mlmq" yms tf na{m kd qt pm/btf{nk kd ~td fm kn yns{d n qt amfajdfajn" qd dfajd/ssn z pjpd n mqatsnq" ymqdïkm yms bn sdysdqdf{najñf~td qd en edaem" amfqjq{df{d df ~td" nb ncsn|ns db

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`tdf{d kd dbmatdfajn" ~td êb qd qncd" z fm dfatdf{snqtq{nfajn" qjfm df bmq odfqnldq ~td kd dbbn sdamgd&

N ~tê emsn" atîfkm" añom" {nb amom {nf{nq m{snq pdadq enq{n nemsn" nynsdadsîf" kd{sîq kd bn pdf{nfn"tfnq onfmq" tfn ancd|n" tfn qdþmsn ~td" amom tfn

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[jdfd dbbn tfmq mlmq ~td n êb bd gtq{nf otaem" ~tdqjdoysd bd sdatdsknf tf cdbbm ynsbnodf{m kd Hft{

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Df dq{n jfajds{n emsn db otsm" zn nbgm oîq pngm~td db ajdbm" qdsî tf cmssmqm bjdf|m ynskm" amf tf sd/ams{d bdpdodf{d jbtojfnkm ~td qdodlnsî tfn dq{sdbbn`jln" ~tjd{n" sda{nfgtbns z ybnfn" amsmfnkn yms tfnjf`jfjknk kd m{snq kjojft{nq z fdspjmqnq" dqynsajknq

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4:

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bnq kjd| kd bn fmaed& Nqï ~td êq{n" yms kdq~tj{d" fmenad amf êq{d amom amf bmq kdoîq ~td fm kjqat{dfdb yngm" z bm kdln ~td df{sd n mqatsnq&

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onsjkm bn dfatdf{sd enajêfkmqd bn kmsojkn" amssd nnamq{nsqd&

Yms tfn kjq{snaajñf" ed nkdbnf{nkm bmq namf{daj/ojdf{mq&[mkm bm kdqasj{m qtadkdsî kdqytêq kd dq{domodf{m& Nydfnq qmf bnq qdjq z odkjn& Qdsdfïf qd

en bdpnf{nkm kd qt mcqdspn{msjm qñbm ynsn pds bnemsn z dpj{ns qd atdf{d tfn odf{jsn& Êb" n yns amf/ojgm" amoysdfkd ~td df {mkmq bmq du{sdomq enz duadqm" z ~td {mkn kjqasdajñf amfqjq{d df dfamf{sns z ysna{jans db ltq{m odkjm8 ydsm df on{dsjn kd pdsn/ajknk dq otz dq{sja{m" yn{mbñgjanodf{d dqastyt/

bmqm" yms~td ynsn dbbm {jdfd qtq sn|mfdq&Qt ynksd" ~td df yn| kdqanfqd" dsn otz amoysdf/qjpm z enq{n cbnfkm8 qñbm ~td" amf bnq odf{jsnq" qï ~td fm ymkïn& Bnq atn{sm üfjanq pdadq ~td bm anq{jgñ"`td yms amf{ns odf{jsnq& Bnq odf{jsnq ~td Qdsdfïfamf{ncn" dsnf jfqjgfj`janf{dq< ~td encïn ydskjkm db

anocjm" ~td fm qncïn añom qd bd encïn edaem {nb matnb gnssnfaem kd bn cbtqn" ~td bd kmbïnf bmq kjdf{dq&Tfn kd qtq {ïnq mzñ" d jf{dspjfm" z kjlm< ‛Zn fj yjdf/qnq& Bm ~td ynqn dq ~td fm ~tjdsdq js nb hjfkds&[mkn/ pïn fm {jdfdq kjdf{dq& ^tê {d pnomq n asdds&

Êq{n `td bn ysjodsn pd| ~td qt ynksd bd ydgñ&

Onfkîsmfbm n bn dqatdbn amf tfn asjnkn otz n{bd{n&Bn asjnkn ̀ td doytlîfkmbm" dq{jsîfkmbm z kjajêfkmbd<‛‒Atdbn‟"‒atdbn‟" ~td qd fmq enad {nskd& Atnfkm dbysm`dqms Dqyïfkmbn bm pjm bbdgns" bd ysdgtf{ñ yms ~têbbdgncn {nskd& Fm enbbnfkm ~tê kdajs" qd kjqatbyñ kj/ajdfkm†

Bm qtcqjgtjdf{d dq" df ajds{m omkm" {sîgjam" amf/{îfkmbm mq antqnsïn ydqnktocsd& Nkdoîq Nsq bmfgn"pj{n csdpjq&Z {mknpïn ~tdknf otaenq amqnq kdf{smkdb {jf{dsm&

Neï" qmcsd tf sdyjqj{n kd ynsdk" znadf{dq nb yjd kdtf `bmsdsm qjf ngtn ~td qmyms{n df bmq cmskdq kd qt



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cman tfn smqn onsaej{n" {jdfd Qdsdfïf tfmq {mon{dq&®Nz." dq{mq {mon{dq" aj{nq {nf jfdqydsnknodf{d z" nbynsdads" {nf `tdsn kd btgns" qmf kd bn onzms joyms/{nfajn" z amfq{j{tzdf db om{jpm oîq gsnpd z dom{jpmkd dq{n ejq{msjn&

Bn aejfj{n ~td pjpd kd{sîq kd bn ynsdk kd df`sdf{d"kdcjkm n ajsatfq{nfajnq joydsjmqnq z {sjq{dq" qd pjmmcbjgnkn n anqnsqd qjf noms amf tf {tsam kd Dq/ojsfn" ~td dq dfnomsnkm z adbmqm amom tf {tsam&

Dbbn ftfan bm en ~tdsjkm8 ydsm" n {snpêq kdb{jdoym" qd en pdfjkm nasdadf{nkm db anqm" z ankn

kïn bm ~tjdsd odfmq yms ltkïm" yms adbmqm" yms {n/anþm" yms {tsam z yms~td fm bd ~tjdsd sdgnbns tfn{ts~tdqn&

‛Oïqdsm ‛bd kjad‛" z {nf{nq {ts~tdqnq amomencsî df [ts~tïn&

Df anocjm" qd en dfnomsnkm kd Qdsdfïf ydskjkn/

odf{d" anqj {nf ydskjknodf{d amom êb kd dbbn&Bnq antqnq kd dq{d jf`jfj{m noms" fnkjd bnq qncd&Amom {mknq bnq antqnq kd bn pjkn" kdb noms z bnotds{d" qd matb{nf {snq db pdbm ojq{dsjmqm kd bm jf/amgfmqajcbd8 ydsm qt `tdgm qd onf{jdfd pjpm" qd dq/{jotbn z nasdad" df pjs{tk kd bmq sjdqgmq z qmcsdqnb{mq

~td bdq atdq{n&Anqj qjdoysd qd encbnf kd bdlmq& Kd {nf{m pjmbdf/{nsqd z dq{jsnsqd yms nbanf|nsbn" db amsn|ñf kd Qdsdfïfqd en edaem bnsgm" amom db csn|m kdsdaem kd bmq ems/{dbnfmq ~td {jdfdf ~td ams{ns otaemq bjomfdq& Nf{dq dsn sdkmfkm" nysd{nkj{m" kd fm gsnfkdq nbanf/

adq z fm nbanf|ncn n qnbïsqdbd kdb ydaem&Nemsn bbdgnenq{n bn ynsdk kd df`sdf{d&Dbbn pn {mknq bnq onþnfnq n {snds qt onfknkm n bn

ybn|tdbn kdb Ansodf8 ydsm êb fm ytdkd namoynþnsbnfj qd n{sdpd n qdgtjsbn" yms~td qjdoysd pn df qt amo/ynþïn" kd adf{jfdbn nbds{n" qt atþnkm&



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Êq{d ymqdd bn amfkjajñf nktq{n d jfamoysdfqjpn~td enad sdadbmqmq z adssnkmq n bmq qmb{dsmfdq" df sd/ pnfaen kdb nonsgms kd fm encds mysjojkm fj {mankmftfan bn nfedbnkn ydsj`dsjn kd tfn edocsn amf qtqkdkmq kdqn`ms{tfnkmq&

Fm mcq{nf{d" dbbn zn bd en dfamf{snkm n êb qt bnkm`bnam& Bd atdf{n ~td {jdfd ltpdfjb db qdocbnf{d" z ~tdbnq nsjkdadq kdb qdocbnf{d fm dq{îf cjdf qjfm df bnqydsqmfnq onzmsdq&

Me" ~tê ktbad docsjngtd| kdcd qdf{js kdf{sm kdqï" ~tê kdqpnfdajojdf{m df qt ktsd|n" dq{d kjqdankm

qtld{m" atnfkm bn ktbad fjþn bm amfpdfad kd ~td qdamfqdspn lmpdf z bd jfqjfün ~td n bn `daen {mknpïnqd bd ytdkd ojsns amf nyd{dfajn&

Db nqmocsm {tsam nqï bm onfj`jdq{n& Amf {nf enbn/gnkmsn amfpjaajñf qd bd kdqyjds{n tfn lmpjnbjknk nyn/sn{mqn ~td bm otdpd n enadsqd db yd~tdþj{m" nduysdqnsqd n bm cdcê ~td dq{î nysdfkjdfkm n encbns"bn {mon kd bn onfm z bn jfpj{n n ~td qnb{df amom dq/ambnsdq ~td pnf {sncnfkm bm ynqmq" z df bmq omodf/{mq ~td {jdfd yms ysmyjajmq ‛z lnoîq qd dfgnþn‛ bnotz yïansn kd dbbn" n êb" bd kjad dq{m<

‛Ysdajqnodf{d cnlm db pjksjm sm{m kd dqn ytds{n"db otaenaem ~td {d ~tdkñ kdcjdfkm bmq ncmfmq"{jdfd tf {nyd{d ambms kd smqn abnsm" ~td dq `jfïqjom&½~tjdsdq ~td bd qmb{domq tf {mon{d ynsn ~td qd bdonfaed=

Me" nkojsncbdq nskjkdq kdb noms& Qdsdfïf zn qncd~td nf{dq kd df{sdgns db {mon{d n qt atþnkm" dbbn bmcdqn nynqjmfnknodf{d&

Qdsdfïf" atnfkm ptdbpd" yms neï bm dfatdf{sn" bmbdpnf{n z df qdgtjkn bm ambman qmcsd bn sdyjqj{n" n `jfkd ~td bd qjspn kd nsaîfgdb Qnf Sn`ndb" z fm Qnf Gn/csjdb" dq db fmocsd kdb odfqnldsm ~td cnlñ kdb ajdbm



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n {snds n bnPjsgdf Onsïn bn Ctdfn Ftdpn&Z nqï" ankn{mon{d dq ynsn êb tf qïocmbm kd noms" tfn qïf{dqjqdf ~td qd dfajdssn {mkn bn amyjn kd ojq{dsjmq kd qtsdbjgjñf z kd qt `d& Bn sdyjqj{n dq" ytdq" tf pdsknkdsmnb{ns" tf {ncdsfîatbm&

Bn sdanonsdsn ~td df{sn n nb|ns bn yjd|n" kdqkdtf kïn df ~td pjm bn sdyjqj{n" doyd|ñ n du{snþnsqd"qd kjm n anpjbns" z nb `jf" fm ytkjdfkm zn oîq" `tdamf bn amajfdsn z bd kjm" df amf`jkdfajn" bn fm{jajnkd ~td db qdþms Ts{tqîq{dgtj" qjdoysd {jdfd {mon/{dq df qt sdyjqj{n&

Bn amajfdsn ydfqñ ~td db otz {njonkm bmq nk~tj/sïn kd bmq kd bn amajfn" qd qjf{jñ kd`sntknkn z" ynsn bj/csnsqd kd sdqymfqncjbjknkdq" `td n ymfdsbm" n qt pd|"df amfmajojdf{m kd bn yn{smfn&

N bn yn{smfn fm bd ynsdajñ kdb {mkm cjdf8 ydsm" nb`jf ~tê" kjlm" amf tf {mon{d odfmq" fm pmz n ~td/knsod ymcsd&

‛Ydsm dq ~td fm dq qñbm tfm" nþnkjñ bn amajfdsn&Bn sdanonsdsn kjad ~td {mkmq bmq kïnq dfatdf{snotaemq&

Bn yn{smfn" nb `jf etonfn" qd kdlñ jfpnkjs yms db{msyd qdf{jojdf{m kd bn jf~tjfn" df{sñ df anbms" pjfmn adsajmsnsqd" pjm ~td qmcsd bn sdyjqj{n qd dfamf{sn/cnf df d`da{m" tfmq {mon{dq" `stfajñ df tf sja{tq kdkdqn|ñf qt cman" qd nkejsjñ n bn {dmsïn kd bn amajfdsn z qnbjñ qjf kdajs tfn ynbncsn8 ydsm oîq {nskd" mskdfñ~td kdqkd db kïn qjgtjdf{d qd bbdpnsn tfn atdf{n oj/ftajmqn kd {mon{dq& Amom dq kd qtymfdsqd" ftfan`nbbñ bn atdf{n& Bmq {mon{dq sdqtb{ncnf ancnbdq kdamf{jftm&

Kd n~tï qtsgjñ tf ysmcbdon qtsgjñ tfn ymqj{jpnjf{sjgn& ½Kd kñfkd amgd db qdþms Ts{tqîq{dgtj {mon/{dq z ynsn ~tê bmq ~tjdsd=



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Dq `non ~td bnq otldsdq fm kjadf ojqn yms~td qmfotz atsjmqnq& Fm enad ̀ nb{n" doydsm" fm kjadf ojqn8ydsm amf duadyajñf kd ojqn" fm enz amqn ~td fmkjgnf" dfsdkm ~td fm engnf" fj aejqod df ~td fmjf`btznf&

Df qton db sdqtb{nkm en qjkm ~td df{sd {mknq bnq`msonq db ytdcbm `dodfjfm kd bn pdajfknk fm en~tdknkm tfn qmbn jgfmsnf{d kd ~td db qdþms Ts{t/qîq{dgtj qjdoysd {jdfd kmq" {sdq" atn{sm" ajfam n qdjq{mon{dq qmcsd tfn sdyjqn&

Nqï ~td" cnlm kjq{jf{mq ysd{du{mq" tfn {snq m{sn ̀ td/

smf pjfjdfkm n pjqj{nsbm anqj {mknq&[nf btdgm amom qdadsajmsncnf kd bm kd bmq {mon{dq" qd qnbïnf& Ydsm tfn`dspmsmqn ~td {jdfd df qt pjpjdfkn otaemq qnf{mq"oîq amf{ton| z kd adbm oîq pjpm ~td bnq m{snq"nbnsgñ tf {nf{m bn pjqj{n z kjlm<

‛Mjgn qdþms" ½ynsn ~tê ~tjdsd tq{dk dq{mq {mon{dq=

Qdsdfïf qd amejcjñ tf {nf{m8 onq nb ̀ jf" ydfqnfkm~td fm encïn fjfgüf anojfm" yms kmfkd ytkjdsnfencds pdfjkm df amfmajojdf{m kd qtq amqnq" z ~td"df amfqdatdfajn" fm dujq{ïn bn ymqjcjbjknk kd ~td qddqynsajdsn qt qdasd{m" ncjds{nodf{d" ntf~td qjfodkjs bm ~td kdaïn" bd amf{dq{ñ<

‛Pdsî" qdþmsn& Tq{dk" ysmcncbdodf{d fm amo/ysdfkn& Qjf docnsgm" kïgnod< ½tq{dk" df qt anqn"{jdfd qnf{mq=

‛Qï&‛½Z ynsn ~tê bmq ~tjdsd=‛Bmq {dfgm yms~td qmz otz an{ñbjan& Yms~td bmq

fdadqj{m ynsn natkjs n dbbmq df ojq emsnq kd {sjctbn/ajñf" df ctqan kd amfqtdbm&‛Otz cjdf amf{dq{nkm ‛nqdpdsñ Qdsdfïf‛& Df

atnf{m n oï" bd kjsê ~td" ytdq fm qmz an{ñbjam" ~td{dfgm tfn sdbjgjñf kjq{jf{n kd bn qtzn" z ~td dq{mq {m/on{dq ~td n~tï {dfgm" qmf ojq qnf{mq&



Bn pjdln qd ~tdkñ amom df bn btfn" bdpnf{îfkmqd"`td qnbjdfkm ynqj{m" anojfnfkm enajn n{sîq yms fmkns bnq dqynbknq" z df atnf{m gnfñ bn ytds{n" yjdqynsn atîfkm qmf" qd dq`toñ amom dfanf{m z qd kjmn sdyns{js yms {mknq yns{dq bn fm{jajn&

Qdsdfïf qnbjñ n bn anbbd& Df bn anbbd qd dfamf{sñ amf~td bn gdf{d fm encbncn kd m{sn amqn ~td kd bnotds{d kd Mcsdgñf& @sdf{d nb Ynbnajm Fnajmfnb ems/ojgtdncn tfn otb{j{tk jfodfqn& Bmq ydsjñkjamqbnf|ncnf du{snq ankn odkjn emsn z bmq ajtknknfmqbmq nssdcn{ncnf" on{dsjnbodf{d" kd bnq onfmq kd

bmq ynydbdsmq& Dsn tf namf{dajojdf{m {dssjcbd" jfdq/ydsnkm" ~td anocjnsïn kd cbnfam nb fdgsm bmq kdq{j/fmq kd bn yn{sjn8 ydsm" df bn pdajfknk" dqydajnbodf{ddf{sd db dbdodf{m `dodfjb8 db nqdqjfn{m kd ysdqj/kdf{d dbda{m" dsn tf qtadqm yîbjkm ansdf{d kd jf{dsêq&Df ftdq{sm ynïq {mkmq bmq ysdqjkdf{dq nancnf kd dqd

omkm z" nkdoîq" df bn pdajfknk qï qd encïn knkm tfanqm pdsknkdsnodf{d du{snmskjfnsjm& Db pdsknkdsmdldoybns" db pdsknkdsm yîfjam" dsn ~td Qdsdfïf {t/ pjdsn df qt atns{m qmcsd qt sdyjqj{n" tfmq {mon{dq&

@sdf{d nb atns{m kdb eêsmd" emsojgtdncn tfn otb/{j{tk jssdgtbns" z" atnfkm bm pjdsmf pmbpjdfkm kd bn

anbbd" qd ompjdsmf {snq êb adf{dfnsdq kd mlmq dqynf/{nkmq&‛Êqd bdq sd|n db ynksdftdq{sm n tfmq {mon{dq&Qdsdfïf fj bm qtym&Nb df{sns df qt nbamcn" ydsajcjñ

tf {mon{d" bm sdamgjñ" bjoyjñbd db ymbpm" qd qjf{jñ df/anojfnkm n qtqyjsns8 ydsm qd bm joyjkjdsmf tf ftkm

kd df{dsfdajojdf{m ~td bd adssñ db atdbbm z bn nynsj

Efren Hernández - Cuentos

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