Ejercicios Resueltos de Balanceo
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Transcript of Ejercicios Resueltos de Balanceo
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8/16/2019 Ejercicios Resueltos de Balanceo
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RESPUESTAS - TAREA # 3MÉTODOS DE BALANCEO DE ECUACIONES QUÍMICAS
1. Resuelva las siuie!"es euai$!es %$& el '("$)$ )e "a!"e$*
a) H2O + N2O5 → NHO3H2O + N2O5 →
2NHO3
b) HCl + Zn → ZnCl2 + H2 2HCl + Zn
→ ZnCl2 + H2
c) KClO3 → KCl + O2 2KClO3 →
2KCl + 3O2
d) SO2 + O2 → SO3 2SO2 + O2
→ 2SO3
e) Cl2 + HI → I2 + HClCl2 + 2HI → I2 + 2HCl
+. Resuelva las siuie!"es euai$!es %$& el '("$)$ ale,&ai$
a. FeS2 + O2 → SO2 + Fe2O3A B C D
Fe: A = 2D A = 1 x 4 = 4
S: 2A = C = 11!4 x 4 = 11
O: 2 = 2C + 3D C = 2 x 4 = "
D = # x 4 =2
b.
1$HCl + 2K%nO4 → 2KCl + 2%nCl2 + "H2O + 5Cl2
"$ Rea#"iv P&$)u#"
"$ Rea#"iv P&$)u#"
N 2 2
2 2
O5 5
"$ Rea#"iv P&$)u#"
2 2
Cl 2 2
/! 1 1
"$ Rea#"iv P&$)u#"
0 2 2
Cl 2 2
O $ $
"$ Rea#"iv P&$)u#"S 2 2
O $ $
"$ Rea#"iv P&$)u#"
Cl 2 2
2 2
I 2 2
1 = 2D
D = #
2&1) =C
2 = 2&2) +3&1!2) = 11!4
"$ Rea#"iv P&$)u#"
4 FeS2 + 11 O2 → " SO2 + 2 e 4 4S " "
O22 1$+$
HCl + K%nO4 → KCl + %nCl2 + H2O + Cl2A B C D E H: A = 2' A = 1 x 1$ = 1$
Cl: A = C + 2D + 2F = 1!" x 1$ = 2
K: = C C = 1!" x 1$ = 2
%n: = D D = 1!" x 1$ = 2
O: 4 = ' ' = # x 1$ = "
F = 1$!5 x 1$ = 51 = 2' 4 = 1!" = 2F = 1(1!"(2&1!")
' = # = 1!" = F = 5!1$
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1$ 1$
Cl 1$ 2+4+1
0 2 2
M! 2 2
O " "
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c. C* + HNO3 → C*&NO3)2 + NO + H2A B C D E
C*: A = C A = 3!" x " = 3
H: = 2' = 1 x " = "
N: = 2C + D C = 3!" x " = 3
O: 3 = $C + D + ' D = x " =2 ' = # x " =
41 = 2' 3& = 2C + D) ' = 2D 1 = 2C + D
' = #3 B = 6C + D +
E
− 3 B = −6C − 3 D
= −2 D + E
D = C = 3!"
3 C* + " HNO3 = 3 C*&NO3)2 + 2 NO + 4 H2
d. K4Fe&CN)$ + K%nO4 + HCl → KCl + FeCl3 + %nCl2 + CO2 + NO + H2O
A B C D E 2 IK: 4A + = D A = 1 x 5 = 5
Fe: A = ' = 43!5 x 5 = 43
C: $A = , C = 1$4!5 x 5 = 1$4
N: $A = H D = $3!5 x 5 = $3
%n: = F ' = 1 x 5 = 5
O: 4 = 2, + H + I F = 43!5 x 5 = 43
H: C = 2I , = $ x 5 = 3
Cl: C = D + 3' + 2F H = $ x 5 = 3
I = "2!5 x 5 = "2
$&1) = H C = 2I
$&1) = , C = D + 3' + 2F
2I = D + 3' + 2F" = 4, + 2H + 2I &d*-lca/0 la ec*acn del O)
2I = D+ 3' + 2F
" D 3' 2F = 4, + 2H &C0/0 = F e **6e F -07 )
" D 3' 2 = 4, + 2H 4A + = D C = D + 3' + 2F
$ = 4, + 2H + D + 3' 4&1) + 43!5 = C = $3!5 + 3&1) +
4A + = D &e 7ea) D = $3!5 C = 1$4!5
5 4A = 4, + 2H + 3'
5 4&1) = 4&$) + 2&$) + 3&1) C = 2I
= 24+12+3+4!5 I = "2!5
= 43!5
5K4Fe&CN)$ + 43K%nO4 + 1$4HCl = $3KCl + 5FeCl3 + 43%nCl2 + 3CO2 + 3NO + "2H2O
e. 8bS + HNO3 → 8b&NO3)2 + NO + S + H2O
A C D ' F
8b: A = C A = 1 x 3 = 3
S: A = ' = "!3 x 3 = "
H: = 2F C = 1 x 3 = 3
N: = 2C + D D = 2!3 x 3 = 2
O: 3 = $C + D + F ' = 1 x 3 = 3
F = 4!3 x 3 =
4 = 2C + D = 2F D = 2C
"$ Rea#"iv P&$)u#"
Cu 3 3
" "
N " $ + 2
O 24 1"+2+4
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( = (2F
= 2C 2F + D
= 2&4!3)
= "!3
D = "!3( 2
D = 2!3
3 = $C + D +F
= (2C + 2F
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(3 = ($F
= 4C 3F F = 4!338bS + "HNO3 = 38b&NO3)2 + 2NO + 3S + 4H2O
3. Resuelva las siuie!"es euai$!es %$& el '("$)$ )el !'e&$ )e la vale!ia $ !'e&$)e $4i)ai5!.
a)
+9 (1 +2
K%nO4 + AlI3 + H2SO4 = %nSO4 + K2SO4 + Al2&SO4)3 + I2 + H2O
ed=5 Ox=3
;*e
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2I = I2 Fe = Fe
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Incl*n de elec70ne:
2I 2e = I2 Fe + 1e = Fe
Ine7ca/b0 de c0ecene 6 an*lacn de elec70ne:
2I 2e = I22Fe + 2e = 2Fe
S*/a de ec*ac0ne nca:
2I + 2Fe = I2 + 2Fe
Euai5! iuala)a*2KI + 2FeCl3 = 2FeCl2 + 2KCl + I2
,.-3 7+ 8 8NH3 + C*O = H2 + N2 + C*
'c*ac0ne nca
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e.
7: -+ 73 8K2C7 2O9 + H2S + H2SO4 = K2SO4 + C7 2&SO4)3 + S + H2O
'c*ac0ne nca
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b.
I2 + HNO3 = HI4 + NO + H2O
A C D '
Algebraico:
I: 2A = C A = 3!14 x 14 = 3
H: = C + 2' = 1 x 14 = 14
N: = D C = 3!9 x 14 = $
O: 3 = 4C + D + ' D = 1 x 14 = 14' = 2!9 x 14 =
4
3 = 4C + D + ' C = 2' 2A = C
3 = 4C + ' C = 1 2&2!9) 2A = 3!9
2 = 4C + ' C = 3!9 A = 3!14
2&1) = 4& 2') + '
2 = 4 "' + '
' = 4&1) 2 ! 9 = 2!9
Ecuación igualada: 3I2 + 14HNO3 = $HI4 + 14NO + 4H2O
Número de valencia:
+1+5(2 +1+9(2 +2(2 +1(2
I2 + HNO3 = HI4 + NO + H2O
S*b>ndce:
2+1 = 3 1+1 = 2
I: Ox=9x2 = 14 &e /*l-lca -07 el *b>ndce)N: ed=3x1=3
Ecuación igualada: 3I2 + 14HNO3 = $HI4 + 14NO + 4H2O
Ión electrón: +5 +9 +2
I2 + HNO3 = HI4 + NO + H2O
+9 +5 +2
I2 = 2I N = N
Incl*n de elec70ne:
I2 ( 14e = 2I N + 3e = N
Ine7ca/b0 de c0ecene 6 an*lacn de elec70ne:3&I2 ( 14e = 2I)
14&N + 3e = N)
S*/a de ec*ac0ne nca:3I2 + 14N = $I + 14N
Ecuación igualada: 3I2 + 14HNO3 = $HI4 + 14NO + 4H2O
c.
C* + HNO3 = C*&NO3)2 + NO + H2O A C D '
Algebraico:
C*: A = C A = 1 x 3 = 3
H: = 2' = "!3 x 3 = "
N: = 2C + D C = 1 x 3 = 3
O: 3 = $C + D + ' D = 2!3 x 3 =
2 ' = 4!3 x 3 =4
3 = $C + D + ' = 2' D = 2C = 2C + D = 2&4!3) D = "!3
2
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2 = 4C + ' = "!3 D = 2!3
2&2') = 4 + '
4' ' = 4' = 4!3
Ecuación igualada: 3C* + "HNO3 = 3C*&NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
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Número de valencia:8 7; 7+ 7+C* + HNO3 = C*&NO3)2 + NO + H2O
ed=2 Ox=3
;a