El Nazi Perfecto

1427

description

Todas las familias tienen sus secretos. Pero qué sucede cuando, investigando a un abuelo encantador, el detective se encuentra con una ilustración del mal? Durante más de cincuenta años, la familia de este nazi perfecto había conseguido guardar el secreto, hasta que su nieto escocés decidió enfrentarse a la verdad. Y se de dicó a investigar quién y qué había sido realmente su abuelo materno, un joven dentista de Berlín que a los diecinueve años ya era un nazi ferviente y militante. Pero el propósito de su autor también es iluminar el mal que hasta los hombres insignificantes pueden hacer en las épocas en que la historia enloquece...

Transcript of El Nazi Perfecto

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