Electronica Basica Industrial I

7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 1/150

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(fêtoko).

Hl fele`kro khl

fo`kh`sjkor hlhftrolçtefo

sh

go`tj h`

u`

rhfepeh`th

kh jlugeèo,

Tjrj lj

norgjfeö` sh jplefj j jgcos hlhftrokos

u`j

th`seö` fo`teùj, fo` lo

quh

sh norgj

socrh

hl

êòko

u`j

khlbjkj

fjpj kh öxeko

jlugçèfo

quh

ajfh

kh

kehlåftrefo.

Hl

fo`kh`sjkorhlhftrolçtefo

poljrezjkj

sölo

khch

fo`hftjrsh

j u`j th`seö`

fo`teùj fo`

lj

poljrekjk e`kefjkj, fjso fo`trjreo sh khsfogpo`h lj fjpj

kh

öxeko

khl

êòko. Jkhgês sh

khsprh`kh

tj`to fjlor

y bjshs quh

hl

fo`kh`sjkor

sh

khstruyh.

Tjphl jcoorch`th

egprhb`jko

kh

Aoij

kh

jluglèo

(hlhftroko

juxçlejr)

AoIj

kh Jl

jòkezjko

+

Kehlåftrefo9

oxeko kh jlugeèo

Hl

fo`kh`sjkor

hlhftrolçtefo

kh

tê`tjlo

sh fogpo`h

kh u`j aoij

kh

tê`tjlo

quh

ajfh kh

êòko

y

hstj

jòlljkj fo`

otrj

aoij

quh

ajfh

kh fêtoko

y

fo`

u` soporth shpjrjkor

poroso.

Hl

rollo

sh

egprhb`j fo`

hlhftroleto,

sh

go`tj

h`

u`

rhfepeh`th

y

sh fehrrj

ahrgåtefjgh`th.

Kurj`th lj

norgjfeö`

sh

prokufh

por

oxekjfeö`

socrh

hl êòko

u`j fjpj kh

ph`töxeko

kh

tê`tjlo

quh

ajfh kh kehlåftrefo.

Shsugh` kh ljs

fjrjfthrlstefjs

pre`fepjlhs

kh

los

kenhrh`ths tepos kh

fo`kh`sjkorhs.

Bo`kh`sjkorhs

^j

rejclhs

$o`

kh

kos

tepos9

Los

fo`kh`sjkorhs

berjtoreos y

los

fo`kh`sjkorhs

jiustjclhs

([regghrs).

Los

fo`kh`sjkorhs Be rjtoreos

Los fo`kh`sjkorhs sh fogpo`h`

bh`hrjlgh`th

kh u` foìu`to

kh

pljfjs

ghtêlefjs

neio

y

otro

berjtoreo,

hl

kehlåftrefo

suhlh

shr

hl jerh,

ljs

pljfjs

kh

los

keste`tos

fo`kh`sjkorhs

puhkh`

th`hr

shffeo`hs kenhrh`ths.

Hstos

fo`kh`sjkorhs sh

h¡`plhj`

socrh

toko

h`

lj

tåfèfj

kh


j'

::8

::;



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Los

fo`kh`sjkorhs JIustj

clhs

Vo` fo`k'h`sjkorhs

fo`

jrgjkurjs ghtêlefjs

uòs

neios

y

otros gövelhs,

kh`tro kh

los

fujlhs

sh

ucefj

u`

kehlåftrefo

kh

kesfos fhrêgefos,

polehsterhò

o

gefj,

tjgceå`

sh

lh

lljgj

tregghr

y

sh

utelezj

bh`hrjlgh`th

h`

ferfuetos

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lj fjpjfekjk

y

lobrjr

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::8

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Go`tjr ferfueto

kh fjrbj

kh

fo`kh`sjko`

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e`thrruptor V:

tjclj.

y

ghker

hl

tehgpo

buh

hl fo`kh`sjkor khgorj h`

fjrbjrsh,

y

llh`jr

lj

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hl

fo`kh`sjkory

rhphter

hl

pjso j`threor.

f

[ehgpo

:44 pN

;2

¡#

Vh

puhkh

fo`sekhrjr

fjrbjko hl

fo`kh`sjkor

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llhbj

jl

b4%

khl

voltjih kh

lj nuh`th.

Tjso ;9

Go`tjr ferfueto

kh khsfjrbj

kh

fo`kh`sjkor

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hl

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ghker

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los tehgpos

kh

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y

khsfjrbj

khl fO`kh`sjkor

hl

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#t

VH@J@

fo@KH@sJKoars

Los

fo`kh`sjkorhs

so`

fogpo`h`ths

pjsevos

keshújkos

fo`

hl ne`

kh

jlgjfh`jr

h`hrbçj

hlhftrostêtefj

o

prhsh`tjr

u`j

fjpjfekjk hlåftrefj khthrge`jkj. Otrj norgj

kh

khneèrlo shrçj

lj sebueh`th9

fogpo`h`ths

pjsevos

kh

kos,thrge`jlhs

h` los

quh

lj e`th`sekjk

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los

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(jpjrh`thgh`th)

hs

proporfeo`jl

j

lj vjrejfeö`

kh

th`seö`

hxesth`th

h`trh

sus

thrrè`jlhs

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jl tehgpo.

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quh

kos lêge`js

kh

ghtjl

sh folofj`

pröxegjs

h`trh

sç

(phro

se` tofjrsh)

y

quh

hstê`

fo`hftjkjs

j

u`j

cjthrçj j

trjvås kh

u`

fo`gutjkor,

tjlfogo

sh guhstrj

h`

lj neburj.

H`

hl

e`stj`th

h`

quh

sh

fehrrj

hl

e`thrruptor,

los

hlhftro`hs

shrê`

jtrjçkos

khskh

lj

pljfj

suphreor

ajfej

hI

thrge`jl

posetevo

kh lj

cjthrçj,

y

hl-gesgo

`ùghro

kh hllos

shrê`

rhphlekos

ajfej

lj

pljfj

e`nhreor khskh

hl

thrge`jl

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kh lj

cjthrçj,

$h

govhrê`

sunefeh`ths

hlhftro`hs

ajfej

u`j

pljfj

o khskh lj

otrj

ajstj fo`shbuer

quh

lj

NHG

h`trh

hlljs

shj

lj

gesgj

quh

lj NHG

kh

lj cjthrçj.

Ve

hl fo`gutjkor

sh

jcrh

khspuås

kh

quh

ljs

pljfjs

ajyj`

seko

fjrbjkjs

kh hstj norgj,

lj

pljfj

suphreor

phrgj`hfhrê

fo`

u`j

khnefeh`fej

kh

hlhftro`hs

y

lj

e`nhreor

fo`

u` hxfhso.

Kjko

quh

ò

ajy

u` fjgeò

pjrj

lj

forreh`th

h`trh

hlljs,

ljs

pljfjs

phrgj`hfh`

fjrbjkjs

j

phsjr

kh

quh

lj

cjthrçj

yj

ò

hstê

fo`hftjkj.

Ve sh

tofj

fo`

u`

fjclh

fo`kuftor ljs

kos

pljfjs

(fortoferfuetê`koljs),

hlhxfhso

kh

hlhftro`hs

kh

lj

pljfj

e`nhreor

ferfuljrê

por

hl

fjclh

ajfej lj

pnjfj

suphreor,

rhstjclhfeh`ko

por

tj`to

lj `hutrjlekjk

hlåftrefj.

Ljs

pljfjs

sh

aj`

khsfjrbjko.

Ljs

kos

pljfjs

fo`stetuyh`

u`

fo`kh`sjkor

hlåftrefo=

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lj

propehkjk

kh

jlgjfh`jr

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fjgpo

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ljs

kos

pljfjs.

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hl tehgpo

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quh

los

hlhftro`hs

sh

guhvh`

-o

shj,

geh`trjs

hl

fo`kh`sjkor

hstê

seh`ko

fjrbjko

o

khsfjrbjko-

ferfulj

forreh`th

h`

hl

ferfueto j

phsjr

kh

quh,

jpjrh`thgh`th,

hl

ferfueto

hstê

roto

por

hl

hspjfeo

h`trh

ljs

kos

pljfjs

khl

fo`kh`sjkor.

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lj

forreh`th

ferfulj

soljgh`th

kurj`th

hltehgpo

kh fjrbj

y

khsfjrbj,

y

hsth

tehgpo

hs

bh`hrjlgh`th

guy

crhvh.

Lj

forreh`th

fo`teùj

ò

puhkh

pjsjrj

trjvås kh u`

fo`kh`sjkor=

se`

hgcjrbo,

u`j

forreh`th

::1

9"

:nl

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khneèfeo`hs

kjkjs

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fjrbj, fjpjfekjk,

foèh`th,

poth`fej

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tj`

ocveo. Jpjrhfh

porquh

lj

th`seö`

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trjvås

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seò

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nu`feö` khltehgpo.

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th`seö`

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kh

tehgpo

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kh

lj th`seö`

kh

u`

fo`kh`sjkor

sh khsfrech

h`

lj

shffeö`

quh

trjtj kh lj

fo`stj`th

kh tehgpo. Fuj`to gjyorhs shê` ljs

pljfjs

y

ghòrhlhspjfeo

h`trh

hlljs, gjyor shrê lj fjpjfekjk.

Lj

fjpjfekjk khph`kh tjgceå` khl tepo kh gjthrejl jeslj`th

h`trh ljs

pljfjs=

lj gês

phquhúj

hs

fo`

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kh jerh,

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hl

jerh

por

otros

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jeslj`ths

sh

puhkh

jugh`tjr

lj fjpjfekjk

gufajs vhfhs.

Lj

rhljfeö`

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fo` jnbl` gjthrejl

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jerh h`t¡h ljs

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::5

::1



HLHf[SÖ@EFJ

bJV¡FS

E@KXV[SEJL

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V@J@

X@EKJKHV

KH FJTJFEKJK

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fjpjfekjk

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hlnjrjkeor

phro

hstj uèkjk hs

hxfhsevjgh`th

brj`kh

pjrj

shr utelezjkj h` lj

prêftefj.

Lj

fjpjfekjk sh

gekh usujlgh`th h` gefronjrjkeos

(pN)

o

pefonjrjkeos

(pN)

Hl

gefronjrjkeo

hs u`j gello`åsegj

pjrth

kh

njrjkeo

y

hl

pefonjrjkeo

hs u`j cello`åsegj

pjrth

kh

njrjkeo.

Los

fo`kh`sjkorhs

fjse

sehgprh

teh`h`

gês

kh

kos

pljfjs,

fo`hftj`ko

h`trh

sÇ

pljfjs

jlthr`jkjs

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norgjrkos foìu`tos tjlfogo sh

e`kefj

h`

lj neburj.

Hsto

ajfh

poseclh

octh`hr

brj`khs

fjpjfekjkhs

h`

pofo

hspjfeo,

yj

quh

sh

puhkh`

jpeljr

èufajs

pljfjs

kh

phquhúo

tjgjúo

pjrj

norgjrhl

hquevjlh`th

kh

u`j

ùèfj

pljfj

brj`kh

kh

lj

gesgj

suphrnefeh.

Jsegesgo, tokjs

ljs

pljfjs

hxfhpto

ljs

kh

los

hxtrhgos

hstê`

h`nrh`tjkjs

j

pljfjs

khl

otro

brupo

por

jgcos

ljkos,

y

jsç

so`

koclhgh`th

hnhftevjs

pjrj

jugh`tjr lj

fjpjfekjk

Lj

nörgulj

pjrj

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lj

fjpjfekjk

hs9

F74,4113x(MJlk) x

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pljfjs

Ve ljs

pljfjs

kh

u`

brupo

ò teh`h` lj gesgj

suphrnefeh

quh

ljs

khl

otro,

ush

hl êrhj kh

ljs

pljfjs gês

phquhújs,

Fo`kh`sjkorhs

h` rjkeo

¡

Los

tepos

kh fo`kh`sjkorhs

quh

sh usj` h`

go`tjihs

kh rjkeo

kenehrh`

fo`s¡khrjclhgh`th

h`

tjgjúo nçsefo,

fo`struffeö`

y

fjpjfekjk.

H` los

fo`kh`sjkorhs vjrejclhs (fjse

sehgprh kh

kehlåftrefo kh

jerh), u`

iuhbo

kh

pljfjs

sh fo`struyh

gövel

fo`

rhsphfto

jl

otro

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pokhr

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fjpjfekjk.

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KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O

j'

::5

:34



P

@¡trl

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Los fo`kh`sjkorhs

neios

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quh

teh`h`

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ò

jiustjclh,

kh

fjpjfekjk-

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puhkh`

fo`struer

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ghtêlefjs

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hl

jerh

fogo

kehlåftrefo.

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hgcjrbo,

los

fo`kh`sjkorhs

neios,'òrgjlgh`th

sh

fo`struyh` fo`

pljfjs

kh

lêge`j

ghtêlefj

fo`

u` kehlåftrefo

neò, söleko

o

lnqueko, hgpjrhkjko

por

ljs

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hstj

norgj

sh

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fjpjfekjkhs

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phquhújs.

Los

kehlåftrefos

sölekos

quh

sh usj`

fogù`gh`th

so`

gefj,

pjphl y

fhrêgefjs

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kh

kehlåftrefo

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hl jfheth

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fo`kh`sjkorhs hlhftrolntefos

usj`

pljfjs

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lêge`j

kh

jlugeèo

fo`

u`

fogpo`h`th

fo`kuftor

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sh

norgj h` u`

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brj`kh

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Hl

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khceko j

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gês jltjs.

Los

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Electronica Basica Industrial I

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