English book two

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD

AUTORES

Dra. Fanny Zambrano V.

BETTER ENGLISH BETTER PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH BOOK FOR LEVEL THREE

and FOUR

ENGLISH

III

Texto Básico Dra. Fanny ZambranoInglés II MSc. Adriana Cundar

MsC. Adriana Cundar R.

Riobamba, Septiembre del 2009

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CHIMBORAZO

AUTORIDADES

MsC EDISON RIERA

RECTOR

MsC. Marcelo Jiménez P.

VICERRECTOR ACADEMICO

Ing. Eduardo Quintana

VICERRECTOR ADMINSTRATIVO

MsC. Plutarco Andrade

VICERRECTOR POSTGRADO E INVESTIGACI ÓN

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD

Dr. CARLOS VALAREZO

DECANO

Dra. Eva Rodríguez R.

VICEDECANA

ii


Better English, Better professional Communicative English book II

IMPRESO EN RIOBAMBA, ECUADOR

PRESENTACIÓN

Se estima que aproximadamente ochocientos millones de personas hablan Inglés en todo el mundo mientras que un número similar de individuos lo han adoptado como segunda lengua para propósitos innumerables de tal suerte que los últimos años se lo considera como “Lengua Franca” de cobertura mundial y requisito indispensable para considerar ser parte del “ Mundo globalizado “ de ahí que ser suficientemente competente en el manejo de Inglés es sin duda fundamental dentro del proceso de formación profesional cualquiera sea la especialización en la que se desenvuelva la persona. Tomando en cuenta lo anterior, la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo ha considerado la inclusión de esta importante asignatura dentro del programa curricular de la Facultad de Cultura Física y Ciencias de la Salud para los tres primeros años siendo el propósito fundamental el fortalecer habilidades comunicativas encaminadas a facilitar el aprendizaje del Idioma Inglés de tal manera

iii


que el participante pueda hacer uso del lenguaje objetivo con propósitos comunicativos en situaciones reales y con gran eficacia.

Las actividades académicas a desarrollarse a lo largo de la utilización del texto INGLÉS DOS están diseñadas a reactivar conocimientos a la vez que desarrollar habilidades comunicativas a través de una nueva concepción del proceso Enseñanza – Aprendizaje.

Inglés libro DOS

Dra. Fanny Zambrano VallejoMsc. Adriana Cundar Ruano

Docentes de Lengua Extranjera de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud

Texto Básico de Inglés Dos para estudiantes de Segundo Año en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud

iv


Aporte y Revisión

Ing. Wilman Merino AlbercaTALLER DE ESTRATEGIAS

METODOLOGICAS PARA EL LOGRO DE APRENDIZAJES SIGNIFICATIVOS.

Edición: En RiobambaLevantamiento de Texto: Dra. Fanny Zambrano V Msc. Adriana Cundar R Docentes de Inglés

v


INDICECONTRAPORTADA......................................................................... ii

PRESENTACIÓN ............................................................................ iii

LEVANTAMIENTO DE TEXTO........................................................ iv

INDICE ………………. ..................................................................... v

MAPA DE CONTENIDOS……………………………………………… vii

UNIDAD IREVISION UNIT………………….............................................…….. 9

UNIDAD IIYESTERDAY………………………......................................................... 13

Activity one. General reading: The Inca Civilization........………..... 13Activity two. After you read ..................................................………. 14Activity three. Listening.............................................................. …. 15Activity four. Change to the past ……………………………………... 16Activity five: Grammar check…………………………………………. 17Activity six: Production practice………………………………………. 20Activity seven: Specific readings…………………………………….. 23Activity eight: Check your development…………………………….. 27

UNIT IIIREFERRING EXPERIENCES…………............................................. 29Activity one: General Reading: People in Latin America…………. 29Activity two: After you Read................................................………. 31Activity three. Grammar check……........................................... …. 33Activity four. Production practice ……………………………………... 35 Activity five: Specific readings ……………………………………….. 41Activity six: Check your development ………………………………. 44

UNIT IVESTABLISHING COMPARISONS ………………………………….. 46Activity one: General Reading: Men and women talk all over the world …………………………………………………. 46 Activity two: After you Read................................................………. 48Activity three. Listening……….……........................................... …. 51Activity four. Building up vocabulary………………………………... 51 Activity five: Grammar check ……………………………………….. 52Activity six: Production Practice……..………………………………. 53Activity seven: Specific Readings…………………………………… 58Activity eight: Check your development…………………………….. 61

vi


UNIT VFUTURE PLANS………………………………………………………. 62Activity one: General Reading: Volunteers..................……………. 62Activity two: After you Read................................................………. 64Activity three. Change the paragraph........................................ …. 66Activity four. Grammar check…………………………………….…… 67Activity five: Production Practice…………………………………….. 68Activity six: Specific Readings…….. ………………………………. 72Activity seven: Production Practice………………………………….. 76

UNIT VIFUTURE PREDICTIONS……………………………………………… 77Activity one. General reading: Our changing diet…….......………..... 77Activity two. After you read ..................................................………. 79Activity three. Listening.............................................................. …. 79Activity four. Predicting the future…………………………………... 82Activity five: Grammar check…………………………………………. 83Activity six: Production practice………………………………………. 84Activity seven: Specific readings…………………………………….. 87Activity eight: Check your development…………………………….. 91

ANNEXES ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 92VERB LIST------------------------------------------------------------------------ 93SCRIPTS--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 94BIBLIOGRAPHY---------------------------------------------------------------- 96

vii


UNIT TITLE OBJECTIVES GRAMMAR POINT

PAGE

1 REVISION UNIT Check basic vocabulary

Recognize basic sentence forms

Develop listening skills

Provide speaking and writing information

Simple present using verb to be and other common verbs

Yes / no questions and wh questions

Countable and uncountable nouns

Describing people and events

9

2 YESTERDAY Practice to be and other regular and irregular verbs in simple past

Recognize basic sentence forms


Provide speaking and writing information

Simple past using verb to be

Simple present using regular and irregular verbs

Yes / no questions and wh. Questions

13

3 REFERRING EXPERIENCES

Perform present perfect using regular and irregular verbs

Differentiate between simple past and present perfect


Practice speaking and writing skills

Past participle of regular and irregular verbs

Present perfect simple

Yes/no questions and wh questions

Use of have you ever in present perfect

29

4 ESTABLISHING COMPARISONS

Talk about people’s life

Compare people and things

Give opinions

One and to or more syllable adjectives

Comparatives Superlatives

46

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according a situation

Use English to communicate ideas

Special cases

5 FUTURE PLANS Talk about plans and intentions

Use future expressions

Give opinions about different topics

Express daily activities

To be going to To be going to in

questions , negatives and wh questions

Future phrases

62

6 FUTURE PREDICTIONS

Make predictions Talk about future

events Talk about

possibilities Integrate

different tenses Express their

ideas according to a situation

Use of will to express future

Future in questions, negatives and wh questions.

77

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1.- Answer the following questions about you:

What’s your first name?------------------------------------------------------------------------

What’s your last name?-------------------------------------------------------------------------

How old are you?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Where are you from?----------------------------------------------------------------------------

What do you do?---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What’s your address?---------------------------------------------------------------------------

What’s your father’s name?--------------------------------------------------------------------

What’s your mother’s name?------------------------------------------------------------------

Who is your best friend?-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Which are your hobbies?-----------------------------------------------------------------------

2.- With the information given above, write a short paragraph. Start like this:

Hello, My name

is---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------

UNIT ONE: REVISION UNIT

During this unit you are supposed to:Check basic vocabulary Recognize basic sentence formsDevelop listening skillsProvide speaking and writing information

10


3.- Complete the text with these words:

This is a picture of my-----------. My--------is a computer

programmer. ---------name is Kate. My --------- is called

Paul. He is----------San Francisco. He is a----------. My

uncle is British. ---------name is Mario. ---------is a lawyer.

My--------is called Joan. She-------American. She is from

Boston. -------is a doctor. -------cousin is called Kevin. He

is twelve. He is a ----------.

4.- Countries all over the world. Read the text and make a list of the countries

and the different nationalities.

OUR PLANET EARTH IS REALLY BIG. PEOPLE LIKE

TRAVELING TO STUDY TO DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. MY

FRIEND LUCY IS NOT HERE IN ECUADOR, SHE IS IN ITALY,

SHE STUDIES IN A UNIVERSITY THERE. SHE HAS MANY

FRIENDS, HER ROOMMATE IS ITALIAN, TWO TEACHERS ARE

FROM ENGLAND, HER BOYFRIEND IS EGYPTIAN. EGYPT IS

A BIG COUNTRY IN THE NORTH OF AFRICA. IN HER

CLASSROOM THERE ARE TWO MEXICANS, A MAN FROM POLAND, SIX

AUSTRALIANS. A GIRL FROM JAPAN, SIX GERMANS AND OF COURSE ONE

ECUADORIAN.

COUNTRY NATIONALITY

5.- Read about a friend and answer questions.

This is my friend Laura, her last name is Philips, her address is 14

Lain Street. she is from U.S.A. She is North American and she lives

MOM STUDENT SHE FAMILY HE HIS DAD TEACHER HER AUNT AMERICAN MY IS FROM

11


in Boston. She is 21 years old. She is a student at the Union Jack University. She is

in second year. She studies Touristic Administration and she is very good at Math.

She plays basketball and goes to the movies during her free time.

- What’s Laura’s last name?----------------------------------------------------------

- What’s her address?------------------------------------------------------------------

- Where’s she

from?--------------------------------------------------------------------

- How old is she?-----------------------------------------------------------------------

- What does she do?--------------------------------------------------------------------

- What year is she in?------------------------------------------------------------------

- Is she 31 years old?------------------------------------------------------------------

- Is she a student in the university?-------------------------------------------------

- Is she good at Math?-----------------------------------------------------------------

6.- Read the following text and answer the questions:

Everyday, Mike gets up at 7:00 then, he goes to the bathroom and has a

shower, after that, he goes to the kitchen and prepares his breakfast, for

breakfast he has milk, bread and juice. At 8:00 in the morning he takes the

bus and goes to his University. He starts classes at 8:30 and finishes at 1:00

then , he goes home again and has lunch, after lunch he has a small rest. In

the afternoon he goes to the library and reads books about Health and

Medicine. At about 7:00 in the evening he meets his friends and they have a

good time. After that, he goes home and listens to the radio, watches TV. or studies.

Finally at about 11:00 he goes to bed.

What time does Mike get up?-----------------------------------------------------------------

What does he do in the kitchen?-------------------------------------------------------------

What does he have for breakfast?------------------------------------------------------------

What time does he start classes?--------------------------------------------------------------

What time does he finish classes?-------------------------------------------------------------

What does he do after

lunch?------------------------------------------------------------------

What does he do in the afternoon?------------------------------------------------------------

What time does he meet his friends?----------------------------------------------------------

12


What time does he go to bed?------------------------------------------------------------------

Does he start classes at 9:00?-----------------------------------------------------------------

Does he go to the library to read books?----------------------------------------------------

7.- What are your daily activities? Write a paragraph

Everyday

I---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------

8.- Write words to complete the word spiders

9.- Answer the questions: How many Universities are there in Riobamba?------------------------------------------- Are there any zoos in your town?------------------------------------------------------------ Is there any information about your city in Internet?--------------------------------------- How much money do you have this moment?-----------------------------------------------

10.- Describe your personal appearance.

COUNTABLE NOUNS UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

13


11.- Write sentences like the example:Example: speak French? German

Can you speak French? No, I can’t speak French but I can speak German

Skateboard? Roller skate ---------------------------------------------------------------------

Draw? Take photographs---------------------------------------------------------------------

Play basketball? Tennis----------------------------------------------------------------------

14


ACTIVITY ONE: General ReadingTHE INCA CIVILIZATION

Look the pictures and answer 1.- Where are these buildings ? 2.- When were they build? 3.- What historical places have you visited?

In the 1920s work began on building the Pan American Highway to connect the

countries of Peru, Bolivia and Chile in the west of Latin America. The road started in

Lima in the north of Peru and then went across the Nazca Desert before reaching

Bolivia an Chile. The only civilization which lived in the Nazca Desert was the ancient

Inca Indians, over 2000 years ago.

The government of Peru ordered three airplanes for the road builders to use in

planning the new highway. It was difficult to plan the road across the desert and the

road builders thought to plan the route from the air.

One of the builders was flying at 3000 meters over part of the new highway when he

noticed something very strange. There was a pattern of straight lines in the desert. He

asked the pilot to take the plane higher and fly over the center of the Nazca Desert. As

they were crossing the desert at 6000 meters the pilot and his friend were surprised..

What they saw was a geometric pattern of more than 13.000 straight lines. The lines

UNIT TWO: YESTERDAY

A B C

A

B

C

C

During this unit you are supposed to:Practice to be and other regular and irregular verbs in simple pastTell stories and events in past tenseDevelop listening skillsProvide speaking and writing information

15


looked like a big compass. But what was more, the ancient Inca lines were decorated

with animals (fish, insects, birds) and Inca soldiers. The animals and soldiers were

made from lines in the sand or enormous rocks. From the ground it was not possible to

see the pattern that the lines and rocks made. But at 6000 meters in the air it was very

clear.

Scientists began to take photographs of the desert and investigate the strange lines.

They discovered that the Inca lines made a perfect astronomical calendar which showed

the position of the sun, the moon and the stars at different times of the year. Scientists

thought that the ancient Incas used to consult the astronomical calendar to help the

farmers decide the best times of the year to plant their products. But nobody knew the

exact significance of the patterns of animals and soldiers.

In 1970s an American pilot was visiting the Nazca Desert when he noticed something

else. At the ends of some of the lines were deep holes in the ground. He thought they

were a type of oven. He also found some ancient drawings which looked like hot-air

balloons. His theory was that the ‘ovens’ had been made to fire hot air into the

balloons. He believed that the ancient Incas also used to see their astronomical calendar

from the air, in hot-air balloons. Maybe the animals were just a decoration on the

incredible astronomical calendar. Maybe nobody has discovered all the truth.

ACTIVITY TWO: AFTER YOU READ

1.- Make a list of the new vocabulary and write examples with them

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TIP: AFTER YOU READ A TEXT, GO BACK AND LOOK AT IT AGAIN IN DETAIL. LOOK CAREFULLY AT THE VERB TENSES USED AND CHECK THAT YOU UNDERSTAND WHY A PARTICULAR VERB TENSE HAS BEEN USED. EXAMPLE:IN THE 1920S WORK BEGAN ON BUILDING THE PAN AMERICAN HIGHWAYIN THIS CASE THE TENSE IS PAST

D

E

F

16


- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.- In the spaces provided, write 3 sentences in past tense with verb to be and three

with other verbs.

Sentences using verb to be Sentences using other verbs

3.- About the reading answer the following questions:

1.- How did the lines look like?-------------------------------------------------------------------

2.- What was the American pilot’s theory?------------------------------------------------------

3.- What did the scientists think about the Incas?-----------------------------------------------

4.- What did the government of Peru order?-----------------------------------------------------

5.- Where did the road start?-----------------------------------------------------------------------

6.- What did the American Pilot think about the animals on the

ground?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------

7.- What did the pilot and the builder see on the

ground?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------

8.- What did the scientists begin to do?----------------------------------------------------------

9.- What civilization lived in the Nazca

desert?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------

TIP: TO ANSWER QUESTIONS FROM A TEXT, LOOK FOR THE ANSWER , IDENTIFY AND AFTER UNDERLINE IT WITH THE CORRESPONDING NUMBER, TRY THIS SUGGESTION IN THIS EXERCISE

17


10.- What was there at the ends of some

lines----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------

ACTIVITY THREE: Listening .

1.- Listen to information about famous people years ago,

then try to fill the table.PERSON PLACE AND

DATE OF BIRTH

IMPORTANT INFORMATION PLACE AND DATE OF DEATH

ACTIVITY FOUR: STUDY THIS

1.- Read the following text and change it to the past tense, orally first and then written.

Everyday, Liz gets up at 7:00 then, she goes to the bathroom and has a shower, after that, she goes to the kitchen and prepares her breakfast, for breakfast she has juice and cereal. At 8:00 in the morning she takes the bus and goes to her University. He starts classes at 8:30 and finishes at 1:00 then , she goes home again and has lunch, after lunch he has a small rest. In the afternoon she goes to her violin classes and also she reads Chemistry books. At about 7:00 in the evening she meets her friends and they have a good time. After that, she goes home and listens to the radio, watches TV. or studies. Finally at about 11:00 she goes to bed.

2.- Write information for your common activities in past. Start like this:Yesterday I, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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ACTIVITY FIVE : GRAMMAR CHECK

1.- VERB TO BE IN SIMPLE PASTVerb to be in simple past has two forms (was, were) for singular and plural

a.- Supply the correct form of the past tense of to be as in the example

- Teresa ---------absent from school yesterday -Teresa was absent from school

yesterday

- I ------in the same class as Wendy last year

- We-------good friends for many years

- You -------not satisfied with my composition

- The wind last night-------very strong

- He and his sister --------sick

Form the negative of the past tense of To Be by placing not after the verb. The

contracted forms wasn’t and weren’t are generally used.

Form questions in the past tense of To Be by placing the verb before the subject.

b.- Change the following sentences from affirmative to negative, Use both the full form and the contracted form; then write the question as in the example:

I wasYou wereHe wasShe wasIt wasWe wereYou wereThey were

They were in New York last monthThey were not (weren’t ) in New York last month.

Bert was an old friend of the familyWas Bert an old friend of the family?

19


- You were tired last night.

- You were not/weren’t tired last night Were you tired last night?

- The man in the library was handsome----------------------------------------------------

- Bert was an old friend of the family-----------------------------------------------------

- The sea was very cold----------------------------------------------------------------------

- It was a pleasant day-----------------------------------------------------------------------

- They were both Americans----------------------------------------------------------------

- The exercises were easy to do-------------------------------------------------------------

2.- PAST TENSE USING REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

Form the past tense of regular verbs by adding ed to their simple form

Irregular verbs, change to form the past, here some examples:

a.- Supply the past tense form of the verb in the sentence, follow the example- Mr. and Mrs. Rockwell come to visit us last night Mr. and Mrs. Rockwell came to visit us last night.

- My father know Mr. Evans well even before he come to live in this town.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- You have a cold last week-----------------------------------------------------------------

- Senator Jordan speak to our club last month

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- I eat my lunch in the cafeteria yesterday

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- The meeting last night begin at eight and end at ten.

I worked It workedYou worked we workedHe worked you workedShe worked they worked

Begin-began Have - hadDrink-drank Tell - toldFeel-felt Write - wroteGo-went Say - said

USEFUL WORDS TO DESCRIBE ACTIVITIES IN PAST TENSE ARE: YESTERDAY, LAST NIGHT, LAST MONTH, LAST YEAR, LAST

WEEK, LAST WEEKEND, AGO, PLACE THE WORDS AT THE END

20


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.- PAST TENSE IN NEGATIVES AND QUESTIONSForm past tense negatives by placing did not before the verb and by changing the verb to its simple form. The contracted form didn’t is generally used. Form past tense questions by placing did before the subject and by changing the verb to its simple form.

a.- Change the following sentences from affirmative to negative. Use both the full form and the contracted form, after change to interrogatives. Example

- They stayed in Mexico City They didn’t stay in Mexico City. Did they stay I Mexico City?

- I spoke with George about that matter---------------------------------------------------

- You gave her your

message----------------------------------------------------------------

- Judy and I saw Eliot yesterday------------------------------------------------------------

- They sold their home-----------------------------------------------------------------------

- He worked in that firm form many years------------------------------------------------

- The meeting began on time----------------------------------------------------------------

- I gave you my new telephone number---------------------------------------------------

- I knew him very well-----------------------------------------------------------------------

- He spoke to them in French---------------------------------------------------------------

4.- WH- QUESTIONS IN SIMPLE PAST:

Form Wh-questions in simple past by following this order: wh(word) + aux(past) +

subject + verb(simple form) + complement + ?. Exception: WHO

Example: When did you visit your grandparents?

Exercises: Write Wh questions according to the answers:

a.- I wrote that letter yesterday When did you write the letter?

b.- They came from USA. last night.-------------------------------------------------------------

c.- The president started the project last month ------------------------------------------------

d.- She was happy because she had a lot of money---------------------------------------------

e.- He gave his speech in the auditorium--------------------------------------------------------

I went – I did not go /didn’t goI spoke – I did not speakShe worked- She did not workWe ate- We did not eat

I went - Did I go ?I spoke – Did I speak?She worked – Did she work?We ate – Did we eat?

21


f.- they built that building -------------------------------------------------------------------------

g.- We started to work at 8:00---------------------------------------------------------------------

h.- You wrote five poems last night--------------------------------------------------------------

i.- He gave her a lot of presents-------------------------------------------------------------------

j.- The meeting began on time---------------------------------------------------------------------

ACTIVITY SIX: PRODUCTION PRACTICE1.- Speaking: In groups, interview your favorite artist, write the questions about him or her, then, write a short report with your findings (use past tense)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------

2.- Do you know the answers to these questions about last year?

1. Who was the winner of the National Football

championship?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------

2. Where was your family on August?------------------------------------------------------

3. How old was your father ?-----------------------------------------------------------------

4. How much was a CD?----------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Where were you on Christmas?-----------------------------------------------------------

6. Who was the Major of your city?---------------------------------------------------------

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7. Who was the best singer?------------------------------------------------------------------

3.- How many sentences can you write in one minute using these words? You can use them more than once.She home was in bedCinema they the last nightWe the day week youWere I on at this……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

4.- Ask your partner where he/she was yesterday at different hours of the day. Use the list to answer.Example: Where were you at eight in the morning? In bed at the park

Where were you in the morning? In classes in a shop

Where were you ……………..….? At my friend’s house

………………………………...…? In the street at the park

…………………………………...? At the library

5.- Look at the information and write sentences about the people. Say what they did and what they didn’t do last week.

Paulina Pablo Susana Jaime PatricioStudy for examsBuy a pair of shoesEat at a restaurantSee a good movieRead a medical book

yesnonoyesno

YesYesYesYesno

YesNoYesNoYes

YesYesNoNoNo

NoNoNoYesYes

Example: Paulina studied for her exams last week but she didn’t buy a pair of shoes.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

6.- What about you? Write sentences about what you did or didn’t do last week.

Last week I

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

23


7.- Can you find the past tense of the following verbs in the word square?

buy do eat find get go have come meet sleep win think

8.- Change the sentences from the present to the past.

We buy medicines on that big drugstore…………………………………………………

She goes to classes on Saturdays…………………….………………………………….

William has a terrible sore arm………………….………………………………………

The patients sleep most of the time………………………………………………………

He comes to the doctor twice a year………..……………………………………………

You think about the health problem……..………………………………………………

9.- Match the verbs with their past tense form.

1 read A arrived 7 go G saw2 get up B listened to 8 listen to H visited3 have C went 9 arrive I worked4 eat D read 10 watch J got up5 play E had 11 work K ate6 visit F watched 12 see L played

10.- Complete the text with the correct verbs.

Yesterday she ………………… early, and ……………. a shower. She …………… breakfast, and then she ………….. to the university. She …………….. home at one o’clock, and …………. a medical book. Then she ………….. her friends, they ……………… music, and …………….. cards. In the evening she ………………… TV, and …………… her homework. She ………….. to bed at about 11 o’clock.

11.- Write questions to find out about your partner’s day. Write the short and full answers. Use the past time expressions:

Example: What time did you eat lunch yesterday? I ate lunch at two o’clock yesterday Did you watch TV last weekend? Yes, I did

Q W E N T B T L MF D O M H A D I ES G U W O N J S TA Y F Z U Q A K HM C O A G O T J SB O U G H T E R LS V N L T E U J ED I D H K D T G PP R T Z C A M E T

last week, last night, this morning, last year, last Saturday, last month, ago

24


………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………..

12.- From the list given classify them in irregular or regular verbs. Write a sentence with each verb. …..………………………………. ……………………………………. ……………………………………. ……………………………………. ….………………………………… ….………………………………… ..…………………………………… 13.- Time for a game.

Make a list of ten verbs and exchange it with another partner. Write the past tense of the new list, give back to your partner to be corrected. Keep playing until your teacher stops the game.

14.- Read the information about Joan Chen’s life, then, write information for you

Regular Irregular

Joan Chen is famous in China where she grew up, and in the United States, where now she lives. How did she become a famous actress in two countries? It’s an interesting story.

Joan Chen was born in Shanghai in 1961. when she was in elementary school, she used to participate in plays, she also used to read books about Hollywood. When she was 14, some people from a film studio came to her school and chose her to study at the studio. She was happy about this because she discovered that she really liked acting, she used to practice her scripts for long hours. At age 18, she won the Golden Rooster, china’s top film award.

In 1970 Joan studied in a special school for actors, and also she got her first job as an actress but she had a lot of problemswith her English pronunciation. She had smallparts in films.

One day Joan went to speak to a director whowas making a movie but he didn’t consider her for the paper. Finally the famous Dino De Laurentis discovered her, a year later, she startedto film “the last emperor ” that won an Oscar award.

Now, Joan is one of the most famous actresses in the world, she speaks perfect English and she lives in California with her parents, soon she is thinking to get married with her boyfriend Jet who is from China too.

25


ACTIVITY SEVEN: Specific Readings

READING ONE1.- Read the text and underline the verbs in past.

Famous PeopleA short Biography of Alfred Bernhard Nobel

Alfred Bernhard Nobel was born in 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden. When he was a young man, his father invented a submarine and then he started to manufacture explosives. Nobel became obsessed with explosives and during one of his experiments, his factory blew up and his brother died in the accident. Despite this, Nobel continued experimenting and invented a much safer explosive, which he called “dynamite”. This was used for blasting through rock.

He also invented another explosive, which was used for shooting bullets out of guns. In few years, Nobel became one of the world’s richest men.

In 1896 Nobel died a very wealthy, but sad man. He had few friends, and many people thought of him as a man who manufactured destruction. He hoped that terrible weapons would prevent war, because nobody would use them. He was wrong. In his desire to apologize , he started a fund of over 9 million dollars to give prizes (NOBEL PRIZES) in five fields: Literature, Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine and Peace. In 1969 a sixth prize for Economics was added. The Nobel Prizes have become the highest award anyone can receive .

2.- Answer these questions about the text.

1. Who was Alfred Bernhard Nobel?

………………………………………………………………………………….

A

B

C

26


2. Where and when was he born?

………………………………………………………………………………….

3. who invented a submarine ?

………………………………………………………………………………….

4. What happened during one of his experiments?

………………………………………………………………………………….

5. Did he stop manufacturing explosives after the accident?

………………………………………………………………………………….

6. What other explosive did he invent?

……………………………………………………………………………………

7. For what was this safer explosive used?

……………………………………………………………………………………

8. Was Nobel a poor and happy man?

……………………………………………………………………………………

9. When and how did he die?

……………………………………………………………………………………

10. What did the people think of him?

……………………………………………………………………………………

11. What did he think about his inventions ?

……………………………………………………………………………………

12. What did he do to reward humanity ?

……………………………………………………………………………………

13. In what fields are the prizes given ?

…………………………………………………………………………………

14. What field was added ?

…………………………………………………………………………………

15. What do you think about this man and his inventions ?

……………………………………………………………………………………

READING TWO1.- Read the text and find the title for it.

…………………………………………….

A

B

C

27


The purpose of your immune system is to defend your body against infections and diseases. Bacteria or viruses can attack your body by several routes. They can be floating in the air you breathe. They may enter through a cut in your skin or mucous membranes. They may also arrive in contaminated food or water.

The parts of your body which compose the immune system include the thymus gland, which is at the bottom of your neck behind your breast bone. This is the site of formation of white blood cells and antibody production. The morrow inside your bones is also important, because it helps to make white blood cells. You also have lymph nodes in various places in your body and these help you to get rid of bacteria and also make antibodies. Your spleen, which is situated in the upper left abdominal cavity, helps to keep your blood clean and produces antibodies. Lastly your tonsils, lumps of tissue forming a ring around the walls of the throat, also help to protect you against infections. Your immune system works as an army of antibodies. Your organism can produce thousands of different kinds of antibodies against each kind of virus or bacterium.

When viruses enter the body, the white blood cells, also called lymphocytes form antibodies. These antibodies are connected to the surface of the white blood cells. The white blood cells grow and divide into more cells. The antibodies attack the dangerous viruses. They are captured and made them inoffensive so that can be eaten by the white blood cells. This process can cure you of a common cold in a week or so. It can cure you of more serious diseases. However, if your immune system is damaged in some way, your body has no way to defend itself against even the most trivial illness.

2.- Answer the questions from the reading1. what is the purpose of your immune

system?---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------

2. what are possible routes a bacteria or virus can

attack?----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------

3. where is the thymus

gland?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

4. why is the morrow

important?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. how do the lymph nodes

help?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------

C

28


6. where is your spleen and how does it

work?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------

7. what are the tonsils and what do they

do?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------

8. what happens when your immune system is

damaged?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------

3.- Read the text again and decide if the following statements are true or false.

1. your immune system protects you against bacteria and viruses. …………..

2. it is easy to avoid bacteria and viruses. …………..

3. different parts of your body help the immune system. …………..

4. red blood cells make antibodies. …………..

5. antibodies cause infections. …………..

6. people with a good immune system can die from a common cold. …………..

4.- Make a list of some medical terms

----------------------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------

----------------------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------

----------------------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------

----------------------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------

----------------------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------

5.- Read the text again and make notes.

Component FunctionThymus gland Place where white blood cells and

antibodies are made

29


Bone marrow

Lymph nodes

Spleen

Tonsils

Lymphocytes

antibodies

6.- Complete the diagram from the reading.

How bacteria or viruses enter the body?

How your immune system works

7.- In two lines write a summary from the reading about the Immune System

8.- Underline the verbs from the reading and classify them. Make a list.

Regular irregular

In the air you breathe

Viruses can enter the body Lymphocytes ..........

30


READING THREE1.-Before reading. answer these questions. Work in pairs.

What do you know about HIV? What does HIV stand for?

How can you become contaminated with HIV? Is HIV dangerous? Why?

Do you know the symptoms? Is there AIDS in Ecuador?

2.- Read this story of a woman infected with HIV. Compare with your answers about the topic.

My sister needed blood and I went to donate it. The doctor from the laboratory informed me that I was HIV positive. When I received this news I was shocked I didn’t know what to say or what to do. Later I started to panic, I was so angry and then I started to cry, I was very confused I thought it was not worth living. I became very depressed. At first I didn’t know how I became infected. I had no

idea. I never used drugs I wasn’t a promiscuous person. I had slept only with one man. Jorge my husband. When I told him, he eventually confessed that he had been with a prostitute some years before we got married and that he has found out that she died some years later, he was scared to tell me.

We both accepted little by little our reality. Many people who are HIV positive can live a healthy life for many years. At the moment we are not sick. We learnt to live day by day and to value life and have sympathy for other people like us who are infected and have terrible symptoms.

People with HIV need understanding and support. A lot o people don’t know how to treat us and they reject us. Most of the people with AIDS die alone, hidden away, they are kept in secret. The Health Authorities should inform people correctly and help us to live as normal and comfortable as possible.

3.- Answer the questions from the reading1. What did the doctor inform

her?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------

2. how did she feel when she received this

news?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------

3. did they accept their reality?--------------------------------------------------------------

4. what did they learn day by

day?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------

A

B

C

31


5. what do people with HIV

need?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------

4.- Read the text again and underline the words used to express feelings. Make a list.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5.- Brainstorm ideas about how people feel and make notes.

1 a person who is diagnosed HIV positive feels….. ……………………………………………………………………………

2 the partner of the person diagnosed HIV positive feels…. ……………………………………………………………………………

3 the parents and family of the person diagnosed HIV feel… ……………………………………………………………………………

4 neighbors and other people outside the family feel … ……………………………………………………………………………

6.- Work in groups of five. A role play. First choose one of the following roles fro each person in the group.

ACTIVITY EIGHT1.- CHECK YOUR DEVELOPMENT WRITING PRACTICE

WITH THE HELP OF YOUR TEACHER, WRITE A PARAGRAPH ABOUT A FAMOUS PERSON. WRITE SENTENCES USING PAST AND BE SURE TO WRITE ENOUGH INFORMATION. IF IT’S POSSIBLE FOLLOW THESE CLUES:PLACE AND DATE OF BIRTH, WHY ARE THEY FAMOUS, WHAT DID THEY DO, HOW DID THEY WORK, WHEN AND WHERE WERE THEY BORN

A person who is HIV positive

A family member

A neighbor

The doctor The partner of the person infected

Think how the different people might feel, think and react. Prepare and be ready to present to the rest of the class your role play.

32


2.- Arrange the following sentences in the past

- yesterday – you – where – were - ?-------------------------------------------------------

- did – you – buy – dress - ? – why – the--------------------------------------------------

- not – do – did- she- her – homework-----------------------------------------------------

- spoke – president – with – politician – the – the- --------------------------------------

- put – the – where – did – you - ? - money---------------------------------------------

- didn’t – the – drink – baby – the – milk------------------------------------------------

- famous – Presley – was – singer – Elvis - a--------------------------------------------

- night – did – Julia – go- last – where - ? ------------------------------------------------

- father – project – did – finish - ? – your – the ------------------------------------------

- the – they – did – write – poems - ? -----------------------------------------------------

3.- Discover the mistakes in these sentences

- She wrotes all the documents for the class----------------------------------------------

- We didn’t went to the circus yesterday-------------------------------------------------

- When you did eat paella?------------------------------------------------------------------

- What time did you finish your homework tomorrow?---------------------------------

- When did he studies for his examinations?----------------------------------------------

- Do your friend pay the money to the teacher last

week?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------

- Where did that woman traveled?---------------------------------------------------------

- They didn’t bought vegetables in the market-------------------------------------------

- Students at the university go to Manabi to vistit some

factories--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------

- The computer did work not well.--------------------------------------------------------

4.- Provide short answers (positive and negative) for these questions

33


- Did Mr. Reese sell his house? Yes, he did no, he didn’t

- Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I was No, I wasn’t

- Did your father have a cold last week?--------------------------------------------------

- Did Senator Jordan speak to our club last month?--------------------------------------

- Were the students in the laboratory?-----------------------------------------------------

- Was miss Universe in China last

month?-----------------------------------------------

- Did the doctor work in the hospital?-----------------------------------------------------

- Did Maria learn English in the university?----------------------------------------------

- Did they arrive on time yesterday?-----------------------------------------------------

- Was the teacher in the library?-----------------------------------------------------------

- Were your parents helping your sister?------------------------------------------------

5.- Write the wh question for each sentence, choose the appropriate word from the

box.

- She lived in Peru for two years------------------------------------------------------------

- He gave her a lot of presents--------------------------------------------------------------

- They wrote the information because it was

important-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------

- We were at home yesterday---------------------------------------------------------------

- They played in the park--------------------------------------------------------------------

- She had three Histology books-----------------------------------------------------------

- They stayed in Europe all summer-------------------------------------------------------

- She was in the classroom with her partners--------------------------------------------

- He was in front of the stadium -----------------------------------------------------------

- They went to the cinema at 8:00---------------------------------------------------------

- I cried because my dog died--------------------------------------------------------------

UNIT THREE: REFERRING EXPERIENCES

Why, what, where, when, what time, how many,

34


ACTIVITY ONE: General Reading

PEOPLE IN LATIN AMERICA

Before reading, answer these questions in full:

Who is Gabriel García Márquez? What are his most famous books? What kind of books do you read? How often do you read? What is a SOAP OPERA or TV. SOAP? Do you like TV? How many hours a day do you watch TV? What is your favorite TV program?

Gabriel García Márquez, has written a lot of books, his books have been all over the

world, he won a Nobel Prize for his book “ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF

SOLITUDE”, he has written about love, society and education. Here the results of his

comments about literature, education and TV.

The famous Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez, was once asked in a television

interview: “Do you think your books have influenced people’s opinions in Latin

America?” His absolute answer was “NO”, for a very simple reason, because not

many people read his books in Latin America. Márquez said that the way to influence

The “WILD CAT” is really interesting.

Another happy ending “Maria la del Barrio”

There are literature books for only 5 dollars”

A

B

C

D

E

F

During this unit you are supposed to:Perform present perfect using regular and irregular verbs Differentiate between simple past and present perfect Develop listening skillsPractice speaking and writing skills

35


people is through television, not through literature, because nearly everyone watches

television but very few people read literature- He said that if he really wanted to

influence the way people think, he should write a script - text for a film, movie or

program – for a television soap opera. Then, he thought, he can reach tens of millions

of people, rather than tens of thousands.

Márquez hasn’t been the first person to realize the powerful influence of TV soaps.

The idea of soap operas was invented by advertisers in the United States of America.

If we look back to the 1950s we can understand the origin of the phrase “soap opera”

or “TV” soap. In the United States in the 1950s big businesses began to realize the

importance of television advertising. At that time there wasn’t many programs on

television in the afternoons. The soap powder manufacturers thought that the

afternoons were a good time to advertise their soap powders to American housewives,

so large soap companies paid people to write short, simple, ten minute dramas.

It was important that these short dramas had a continuing story so that the housewives

turn on the television each afternoon to see the next episode. Of course, in the middle

of the drama there was an advertisement for soap powder. So these afternoon dramas

with a continuing story and familiar characters started to be called “soap operas”.

Since then TV soaps have become longer, more complex and much more expensive to

make. In the last forty years they have one of the most popular types of TV

entertainment.

NEWFOR YOUR WASHING MACHINE

WITH NEW TECHNOLOGYOMO THE

WONDERFUL WASHING POWDER

TIP: TO UNDERSTAND A COMPLETE READING, THE READER SHOULD RECOGNIZE THE MAIN IDEA IN EACH PARAGRAPH. THE TOPIC OF THE PASSAGE IS USUALLY STATED IN THE FIRST SENTENCE, BUT, OTHER POSITIONS ARE ALSO POSSIBLE.

A WELL - WRITTEN PARAGRAPH HAS ALWAYS ONE OR TWO MAIN IDEAS. THE MAIN IDEA IS WHAT THE PARAGRAPH IS ABOUT, ONCE YOU HAVE DISCOVERED IT, TRY TO WRITE IT WITH YOUR OWN WORDS.

36


ACTIVITY TWO: AFTER YOUR READ 1.- Read carefully each paragraph and write the main idea. Example:

- Paragraph A------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Paragraph B------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Paragraph C-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Paragraph D------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Paragraph E------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Paragraph F------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.- Write true or false according to the reading

- Gabriel García Márquez has written many scientific books, also books about

society and education ( )

- Márquez’s literature has influenced the way people think in Latin America ( )

- This famous Colombian is famous for his comments about politics ( )

- Nearly everyone watches television but very few people read literature ( )

- A script is an essay that wins a Nobel Prize ( )

- The first soap opera started in the United States ( )

- In the 1950’s there were a lot of TV programs on television ( )

- An advertisement is a strategy to sell products easily ( )

- The manufacturers began to advertise soap powder ( )

- Just American housewives buy the products that are advertised on TV ( )

- The companies wrote all the scripts for the first soaps ( )

- Soap Operas have become more popular than books ( )

The family heard the siren warning them that the tornado was coming. They hurried to the cellar. The roar of the tornado was terrible and they started to cry.In the paragraph, the topic is THE TORNADO and was in the first sentence.

37


3.- Read the text again , match the words in column A with the definitions in column B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B1.- influenced a. not complicated ( )

2.- simple b. designed to make people buy a product ( )

3.- nearly c. instead of ( )

4.- script d. not stopping ( )

5.- middle e. center ( )

6.- rather than f. what we do to start the tv, radio, etc ( )

7.- realize g. changed people’s opinions or ideas ( )

8.- powerful h. companies which make and sell things ( )

9.- characters i . person in a film or movie ( )

10.- invented j. well known to many people ( )

11.- manufacturers k. understand ( )

12.- continuing l. a story or dialogue written down ( )

13.- turn on m. almost ( )

14.- advertisement n. thought of and made a new product ( )

15.- familiar o. very strong ( )

4.- Now following the tips stated last unit, identify the answers for these questions

- What did the soap powder factories think ?

…………………………………………………………………………………..

- What did Márquez say about the way to influence people?

………………………………………………………………………………….

- What was important about these short dramas?

…………………………………………………………………………………

- How are soap operas nowadays?

………………………………………………………………………………….

- What was the question the interviewer did to the writer?

………………………………………………………………………………….

- What should he write to influence people?

…………………………………………………………………………………..

- What happened in the middle of the drama?

38


…………………………………………………………………………………...

5.- In two lines write your comment about the reading. Start like this….

I Think that-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6.- Complete the sentences with your information:

- The last scientific book you read. The last book I read was----------------------

- The last novel you read------------------------------------------------------------------

- The last soap opera you watched------------------------------------------------------

- The last comic you read------------------------------------------------------------------

- The last horror book your read-----------------------------------------------------------

- The last magazine your read.

7.- From the reading, complete the table with the information required

SENTENCES IN PRESENT PERFECT SENTENCES IN SIMPLE PAST

ACTIVITY THREE: GRAMMAR CHECK.1.- PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Present Perfect connects the past and the present. It refers to a past action, but we are more interested in the present effects or results of the action., also, to give people some

39


new information. Form the present perfect tense with have or has and the past participle of the main verb as in the example

NOTE: Present perfect tense sentences usually don’t mention exact times of actions. The simple past tense is most often used to mention or imply an exact time of an action.

a.- Change the sentences in simple past to present perfect as in the example:

- She ate a delicious pie at home She has eaten a delicious pie at home

- We finished all our homework------------------------------------------------------------

- She saw that movie three times-----------------------------------------------------------

- I told Ed what you said--------------------------------------------------------------------

- I was in Florida yesterday----------------------------------------------------------------

- We were in the class all day long--------------------------------------------------------

- Mr. Ashe went to Chicago last week----------------------------------------------------

- She spoke English in the class-------------------------------------------------------------

- They made the same mistake several times---------------------------------------------

b.- Present perfect tense in negatives and questions

Form negative with present perfect by placing not after have or has. The contractions haven’t an hasn’t are generally used. Form questions with these perfect tenses by placing have (has) before the subject. Example:

c.- Change the following sentences from affirmative to negative and interrogative. Use both the full form and the contracted form.

- You have worked very hard at your jobYou have not /haven’t worked very hard at your jobHave you worked very hard at your job?

I have workedYou have workedHe has workedShe has workedIt has workedWe have workedYou have workedThey have worked

- She has visited North AmericaShe hasn’t visited North AmericaHas she visited North America?

- They have been married a long timeThey haven’t been married a long timeHave they been married a long time?

40


- I have spoken to Ms. Wolf about it

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- She has been sick since Wednesday

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- He has been feeling well recently

- They have been in the hospital for two months

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- She has been a citizen since January

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- I have visited my parents in Quito

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- You have worked very hard for 3 years

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- they have been in the hospital for two weeks

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- we have found all the documents

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

d.- Present perfect in interrogative form (Wh questions)

Wh- questions using this grammar point are possible by writing the wh- word at the

beginning of the question, read the example and write six more:

Where have you been?

Where has your sister bought that computer ?

----------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------

ACTIVITY FIVE: PRODUCTION PRACTICE1.- Using “have you ever” in present perfect.

THIS IS CHARLOTTE, SHE IS A FAMOUS SKATER,

ASK QUESTIONS TO HER USING HAVE YOU EVER

- Have you ever won a competition? Yes, I have / No, I haven’t

41


2.- Complete the questions with the appropriate verb and answer them.

Have you ever --------------a competition?

Have you ever------------a famous person?

Have you ever------------a cat or dog?

Have you ever-------------- another country?

Have you ever-------------- in hospital?

Have you ever ---------------money?

Have you ever -----------------a mountain?

Have you ever-----------------a second language?

Have you ever--------------football?

Have you ever--------------an accident?

Have you ever----------------a love letter?

Have you ever---------------at home alone?

3.- Make questions from these words and phrases

--------------------------- -----------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

HAVE YOU EVER.... been used a sports competition? Eaten Lasagna? Slept won to England? In the sea? swum written a leg? A famous singer? Broken met another country? A poem? ridden seen a computer in a tent?

42


4.- CHOOSE FIVE THINGS FROM ACTIVITY 3 AND WRITE THREE

MORE PIECES OF INFORMATION IN PAST.

Example: I have visited France. I went in 1990. I went with my parents. We stayed

in a big hotel.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.- Look at the information on the table, find out who has also visited these places.

Have you ever visited……..?

PLACES NUMBER OF PEOPLE

PLACES NUMBER OF PEOPLE

Spain A ZooQuito LagoonsCuenca A MuseumA shopping center BañosCuba A hospital

6.- Make a report about your findings. Example:In my class I interviewed 12 students and these are my findings: Six persons have visited Spain and eight have visited Quito……………………

7.- Using how often in present perfect to express frequency. Read the text and write questions. follow the example.

This month has been very busy for me, I have done a lot of things. For example I have bought books three times, I needed them to do my homework. I have also traveled to Cuenca four times, I went there because I had a meeting with my director. I have gone to two concerts, my favorite groups came to my city, I organized a group of friends to go, we were very happy and excited, I arrived home at about two and next day I had to work. I have helped my sister with her projects seven days¡¡, she has asked for my help because I am very good at Art Science which is her specialization. Besides, I have done the shopping for my mother everyday because she was sick. Oh what a crazy month I have had¡¡¡ Don’t you think?

43


How often have you bought books?

-------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------

8.- Mark the number of times you have done these activities this week, then,

interview 2 friends, fill the table and write a report for you and your friends.

Activity 0 1 2 3 4 5 Friend one

Friend two

Had a showerStudied EnglishWatched televisionGone to the moviesVisited friendsEaten in a restaurantDone the homeworkHelped your mum at homeCooked for your familyEaten sweets

Example: How often have you eaten sweets this week? I have eaten sweets five times this week My friend has eaten sweets five times this week.----------------------------------

9.- Read, listen and talk about a famous person

EXPERIENCES

Michelle is a professional windsurfer, she has windsurfed in a lot of different places in her life. She has windsurfed in Bali, in Miami and all over Europe, she thinks that she enjoyed Bali more than any other place. She went in 1987. the sea was fantastic. She windsurfed for two weeks and after she traveled to USA. She said that people in Bali were great and she bought a fantastic board there.

44


Now Michelle talks about her experiences. What do you think she has done?

10.- Complete the story.

They (take) my TV and my video-------------------------------------------------------------

And my CD player (go) too--------------------------------------------------------------------

They (make)a terrible mess--------------------------------------------------------------------

They (take) the money for the food-----------------------------------------------------------

They(throw) all my clothes-------------------------------------------------------------------

They (drink) the beer---------------------------------------------------------------------------

They (break) all my flower pots--------------------------------------------------------------

I (not phone) the police------------------------------------------------------------------------

11.- Complete the second story

A: You (fill up) the car with gas?---------------------------------------------------------------

B: Yes, -------- ------------

Caroline has arrived home after work. Someone has broken into her apartment. She is looking round the place now. Complete her sentences using the present perfect.Example:Oh, no. someone (break into) my apartment¡Someone has broken into my apartment¡

A couple are going on vacation. They are going to drive to the airport. They are checking things. Complete the questions

45


A: You (find) the passports?-------------------------------------------------------------------

B: Yes, ------ --------

A: Where----------- you------- (put) the tickets?

B: I --------- ------------(put) them in my bag

A: you (give) the keys to your mum?----------------------------------------------------------

B: Yes, -------- ---------

A: You (give) messages to our friends?-------------------------------------------------------

B: No, ------ ----------------

A: You (pack) our bathing suits?---------------------------------------------------------------

B: yes, ------- ---------------

12.- Read the paragraph and change it to Present Perfect, then answer the

questions.

Christopher Columbus discovers the New world in 1492. Nobody knows this continent

exists. He receives help from the Spanish Monarchs. With three ships and over a

hundred men he sails towards the west on August 3rd, 1492. After sailing for over three

weeks, they are really hungry and thirsty, the sailors begin to lose heart but soon they

see signs, such as numerous birds and branches of trees in the water, to indicate land is

near. They sail towards the land and soon they get of the ships, they give thanks to

God and start to explore the island.

Who has discovered the New World?--------------------------------------------------------

Who has helped Christopher Columbus?---------------------------------------------------

Who has begun to lose heart?-----------------------------------------------------------------

On what date has he arrived to the New continent?----------------------------------------

How have they noticed that land was near?-------------------------------------------------

13.- Complete the sentences to answer the question, provide two ideas:

46


WHAT DO YOU THINK HAS HAPPENED?

My father is in hospital. I think that-------------------

The teacher is angry today------------------------------------------

I’m really depressed-------------------------------------------------

That girl passed the school year-----------------------------------

She has a lot of money----------------------------------------------

14.- Write about activities you haven’t or have never done.

I haven’t traveled by plane I have never traveled by plane

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ACTIVITY FIVE: Specific Readings

READING ONE1.- Read the text and underline the verbs in present perfect.

TOM’S STORY

I had a difficult experience where I have learnt a lot and has changed all my life. One day at school I stood up when and started to shout and I fell on the floor, my mouth was opened and all my muscles were really straight . Some friends tried to help me and the teacher called an ambulance. That’s what people have told me but I can’t remember any of it.

A

B

C

D

47


I was in hospital for a couple of months. Doctors have done a lot of tests and they have discovered that I was really sick. Now I have to take ten tablets everyday, five in the morning, five at night.

The last attack I had was two or three months ago. However, the tablets I have taken during these months now stop me from having a full attack. Now I just go pale and I don’t know where I am for few minutes. The doctors have told me not to stay on the computer for more than an hour and I can not play some computer games.

At school, people don’t want to sit next to me because they think I am different. As I have grown I’ve become more apart from everyone because I don’t want them to see me having an attack and some partners in my class call me “druggie” since I take a lot of tablets. Now I know more about my sickness which is an abrupt change of brain function where people lose their conscious for a period of time. Living with epilepsy sometimes can be very difficult but now I just take it easy, I try to live and enjoy everyday.

2.- Answer the questions in full

Has this experience changed Tom’s life?----------------------------------------------------

What have doctors done?----------------------------------------------------------------------

What helps tom from having a full attack?-------------------------------------------------

Who has told him not to stay on the computer?-------------------------------------------

Why has be become more apart form people?---------------------------------------------

3.- Write a sentence that explains these ideas: A place where you go when you are not feeling well ------------------------ When you aren’t in good physical condition ---------------------------------- Some people suffer crisis they can’t control ---------------------------------- Substances you take to feel better -----------------------------------------------

4.- Explain in few words what is epilepsy

READING TWO

1.- Read the text and underline the verbs in present perfect.

CASE HISTORY

Mr. Robert Wild, a retired bus driver hasn’t been well and has been in bed with a cough and general body pain. He has called his general practitioner. An upper respiratory tract infection was diagnosed and erythromycin prescribed at the beginning. Two days later, at a second home visit, he has been a little breathless and he was really worse. The doctor told Mr. Robert to drink a lot of water and to continue with his antibiotic.

A

B

C

48


Another two days passed and the general practitioner returned to find the patient very excited and almost breathless. Emergency admission to hospital was arranged with a diagnosis of “severe chest infection”. When he arrived to hospital Mr. Wild was unable to say anything, he was confused and unable to get up. He had incontinent of urine during two days.

His past history included appendicectomy when he was eleven years old, cervical problems ten years ago and hypertension for three years. He has been taking a diuretic for three yeas. Also Mr. Wild has drunk alcohol and has smoked for seven years.

Mr. Robert Wild was in hospital for eight days, now he is better, he doesn’t have more problems, he should stay in bed for about one week and take some medicine to control his infection, after that, he has to go to hospital again for a routine check.

2.- Complete the information about the patient by underlying details from the text

Previous occupation---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Initial symptoms-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Initial diagnosis---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Condition immediately before

admission----------------------------------------------------

Reason for emergency admission-------------------------------------------------------------

Condition when arrived to hospital----------------------------------------------------------

Past history--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Alcohol consumption--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Permanence in hospital------------------------------------------------------------------------

Advice after leaving hospital----------------------------------------------------------------

Final recommendation------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.- Complete the table with the information required

MEDICAL PROBLEMS

49


4.- Fill the diagram to complete Mr. Wild’s health problem (phases)

5. In two lines write a small summary about this case

READING THREE

1.- Read the text, identify the parts of the human body and some health problems.

My friend Sandy has had an accident and she is in hospital now. When I saw her on her bed, she looked terrible. She had temperature and headache, the doctors said that she has a renal infection due to the

medicaments that she has taken. Also she has a broken leg, she needs a surgery to correct her femur bone. My poor friend has wounds all over her body specially on her arms and head. For Sandy this has been a bad experience but she thinks she was lucky because she is alive.------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------

Upper respiratory tract infection was diagnosed at the beginning

50


2.- Look the picture and label the parts of the human body

a.---------------------------------

b.---------------------------------

c.---------------------------------

d.---------------------------------

e.---------------------------------

f.---------------------------------

g.----------------------------------

h.----------------------------------

i.---------------------------------

j.---------------------------------

k.---------------------------------

l.---------------------------------

m.---------------------------------

o.---------------------------------

51


3.- Match the pictures with each health problem

A B C D

E F G

1. He has had an accident. He has a broken leg ( )

2. He has slipped on a banana skin. He has a broken arm ( )

3. He has worked during the rain. He has a cold and cough ( )

4. He hasn’t brushed his teeth. He has a tooth ache ( )

5. He has lifted a heavy suitcase. He has a backache ( )

6. He has had a stomach infection. He has temperature ( )

7. He has been stressed. He has a headache. ( )

4.- Provide a suggestion to the health problems. Follow the examples

- I have stomach ache. What about visiting a doctor?. Why don’t you drink

chamomile water?

- I have an earache.---------------------------------------------------------------------------

- I have a sore back---------------------------------------------------------------------------

- She has a flu---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- He has weakened muscles-----------------------------------------------------------------

52


ACTIVITY SIXCHECK YOUR DEVELOPMENT 1.- Arrange the sentences in present perfect

Has - written - computer - on - she - the--------------------------------------------

Ever – French – you - ? - have - spoken-------------------------------------------------

Visited - friends - Cuba - we - have - our - with---------------------------------------

Explored - has - he - jungles - the - tropical---------------------------------------------

Olympics - they - gold - have - won - the - in - -- ------------------------------------

Often – he - mountain - has - how - climbed - that - ?--------------------------------

2.- Find the mistakes in these sentences and rewrite them

My parents has gone to Europe three times-------------------------------------------------

I have buy an interesting book----------------------------------------------------------------

She have went to a disco with her friends---------------------------------------------------

Have the teacher ever spoken English in the class?----------------------------------------

Her students have win a gold medal----------------------------------------------------------

We hasn’t eaten pizza in that restaurant------------------------------------------------------

Ever have you written romantic poems?-----------------------------------------------------

How often have they wear those dresses ---------------------------------------------------

3.- Complete the sentences with the present perfect

The car--------- -------------- in that terrible accident (crash)

They ----------- ----------------beautiful flowers for her birthday (give)

She------------ ------------- too much beer at the party (drink)

The students---------- ------------very well in class (work)

Caroline------------- --------------a poem for the concert (write)

The people--------------- --------by train to enjoy their holiday (travel

He ------------ -----------------an expensive car (choose)

We------------- --------------in an Italian restaurant (eat)

You ----------- ------------after lunch (sleep)

Rosario------------- --------------in Spain this year (be)

The university ------------ ---------them other opportunity (give)

That store ----------------- -----------------for two weeks (open

53


4.- CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES TO THE PERFECT FORMS

You read the newspaper every morning-----------------------------------------------------

She studied math for the test-------------------------------------------------------------------

Her father went to Miami to do a business transaction------------------------------------

We work in this office everyday--------------------------------------------------------------

Many people were in the pop concert-------------------------------------------------------

The doctor prescribed antibiotic to his patient---------------------------------------------

The man in front of my house had an epileptic attack-------------------------------------

I was very sick last weekend----------------------------------------------------------------

There were six patients who drank that toxic----------------------------------------------

I had a chest pain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.- FIND THE QUESTIONS FOR THESE ANSWERS

I have put the books on the

table------------------------------------------------------------

She has come to visit her

mother-------------------------------------------------------------

Steven has seen that

film-----------------------------------------------------------------------

They have written some

books---------------------------------------------------------------

Mike has sang

beautifully---------------------------------------------------------------------

5.- WITH THE HELP OF YOUR TEACHER, WRITE INFORMATION TO

DESCRIBE EVENTS IN PRESENT PERFECT. REMEMBER THAT THESE

TENSE IS ALWAYS RELATED TO SIMPLE PAST. POSSIBLE THEME “A

MEDICAL CASE HISTORY”

54


ACTIVITY ONE: General ReadingMEN AND WOMEN TALK ALL OVER THE WORLD

1.- What are typical activities women do? 2.- What are typical activities men do? 3.- Are men and women different? Why?

Marriage often is not easy. Love often is not easy. Sometimes friendship between a

man and a woman is not easy. Probably a man and a woman love or like each other, but

they argue. They get angry. Later they apologize, say “I’m sorry” and they have

problems again and again. What’s the problem? Are men and women really very

different?

UNIT FOUR: ESTABLISHING COMPARISONS

A

B

During this unit you are supposed to:Talk about people’s lifeCompare people and thingsGive opinions according a situationUse English to communicate ideas

55


Deborah Philips says yes. Men and women have been very different all the time.

Philips teaches at Georgetown University. She has written books about the way people

talk. She believes that men and women talk and think in different ways. She explains

about some of these differences in her book YOU JUST DON’T UNDERSTAND.

The differences, according Philips are physical and also psychological . For example

men are stronger than women, they can run faster, they are taller than women, they

speak louder than women and even they drive better than women; they like darker

colors. Women on the contrary, are shorter than men, are weaker than men and also

people think that women are more talkative than men; women like brighter colors and

most of the time they develop different activities.

The distinction Philips says, begins when men and women are children. Very young

boys and girls are similar to each other. In other words, they like the same things and

play in the same ways. They aren’t very different. But there is a clear phase where the

there are changes.

When children in the United States are five or six years old, boys usually play in large

groups, one boy gives orders. He is more important than the other members of the

band. For example he says: “take this”, “go over there”, and “be on this team”. He is

the leader. Boys also brag. In other words, they say good things about themselves.

They do this to have a higher position than the other friends. Position in the group is

important to boys.

HIGH POSITION

LOW POSITION

Girls in the United States usually play in small groups or with one other girl. A girl’s

“best friend”, her very, very good friend, is important to her. Girls don’t often give

orders, they give suggestions. For example, they say “let’s go over there”, perhaps “we

should do this”, and “do you want to pay with that?”. Girls don’t usually have a leader,

and they don’t often brag. Everyone has an equal position.

C

D

E

F

56


EQUAL POSITION

Little boys are usually active; they do things. Much of the time, little girls sit together

and talk. When children grow up, nothing really changes. Men usually do things

together. Or they talk about activities such as sports and things such as cars and world

problem. They talk to give or get information. But for women, people and feelings are

more important. Women often talk to show interest and love. Although a man and a

woman speak the same language, sometimes they don’t understand each other. Men’s

and women’s objectives and goals are two different worlds. But maybe men and

women can learn to understand each other if they understand the differences they have

between each other.

ACTIVITY TWO: AFTER YOUR READ 1.- Read each paragraph and write the main idea.

- Paragraph A-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Paragraph B-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Paragraph C----------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Paragraph D-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Paragraph E-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Paragraph F-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Paragraph G------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.- Write (m ) for men and (w) for women

- ----When they are children, they usually play in large groups

- ----There usually isn’t a leader in the children’s group

- ----They talk to show interest and love

- ----When they are children, they usually play in small groups or with a friend

- ----They talk to give or get information

- ----One child in the play group is the leader

G

57


- ----They are stronger and like sports

- ----Always talk to show interest and love

- ----Never brag with other people

3.- Match the words to the definitions

- apologize probably

- orders to say I’m sorry

- position instructions, commands

- suggestions same

- equal place in a group.

- Maybe give ideas or possibilities

4.- Identify the answers for these questions

- What do women often talk

to?---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- According to Philips, when do differences

begin?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------

- What orders do men

give?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------

- What do boys do when they are six years

old?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------

- What do girls do when they are six years

old?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

- What types of differences does Philips

state?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------

- What do men often talk

to?---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

58


- When do differences

begin?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------

- What suggestions do women

give?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------

- What relationships between men and women are mentioned in the

article?----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------

5.- In two lines write your comment about the reading. Start like this….

I Think that-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6.- Complete the table with the information required

COMPARISONS WE FIND IN THE TEXT differences

7.- Summarize the main ideas of the reading in the following diagram

DIFferenCES

59


ACTIVITY THREE: LISTENING1.- Listen to a radio advertisement and answer what is “smile”, then complete the

information

- SMILE IS A SPECIAL FILM FOR SCIENTISTS

- SMILE IS A NICE BOOK FOR MATURE PEOPLE

- SMILE IS A MAGAZINE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE

Smile, smile, smile. It’s the ---------on everybody’s lips. That’s right¡ it’s -----------------------, it’s ------------------it’s-------------it’s a Smile. A smile becomes a laugh when you --------Smile, the ----- comic for -----------people. It’s out now. Available at your local newsagent for only 50p. don’t be a ------------¡ buy one before it’s too -----------

2.-In groups, invent an advertisement to sell a product, show your work to your

class.

60


ACTIVITY FOUR: BUILDING UP VOCABULARY1.- Complete the table with the opposite word for the following

Adjective opposite Adjective OppositeFat ImportantTalkative SillyOld InterestingTall EasyRich UsefulSelfish DarkBad SlowBeautiful FastStrong HeavyExpensive Hot

2.- In your class, provide more examples and write them

ACTIVITY FIVE: GRAMMAR CHECK

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREE1.- COMPARATIVES

When we talk about people and things, we say they are similar or different we establish comparisons between them, complete the rules to do that:

- One syllable adjectives: slow – fast – clean – tall – short – strong

A bike is slower than a car

My father is taller than my mother

This house is bigger than the other

Rule: For one syllable adjectives we add--------to the adjective and we write

the word------------

- Two or more syllable adjectives: handsome - intelligent – brilliant – boring

That boy is more intelligent than his brother

Rambo is more boring than The Specialist

She has more interesting books than my brother

Rule: For two or more syllable adjectives, write---------------, the adjective

and the word -------------------

61


2.- SUPERLATIVES

- One syllable adjectives: thin, fat, weak, young

I am the thinnest student in the class

They are the youngest engineers in the party

The oldest building was Montalvo’s house

Rule: for one syllable adjectives, write the word----------before the

adjective and add------------ to the adjective

- Two syllable adjectives: beautiful, fantastic, expensive

Miss Ecuador is the most beautiful lady in the competition

They have the most expensive computer

We have read the most interesting catalogue

Rule: for two syllable adjectives, write ----------- ---------------- and after

the adjective.

NOTE: few adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms

HEALTHY- HEALTHIER - THE HEALTHIEST -

MORE HEALTHY THAN – THE MOST HEALTY

FUNNY -------------------------------------------------------

SILLY-----------------------------------------------------------

EASY ---------------------------------------------------

CLEVER---------------------------------------------------------

HAPPY---------------------------------------------------------

CRAZY---------------------------------------------------------

FOR GOOD AND BAD WE CHANGE THE ADJECTIVE AS FOLLOWS:

COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

GOOD BETTER THAN THE BEST

BAD WORSE THAN THE WORST

Examples using comparative:

- I have better marks than my best friend

WORK AS

BOTH ONE

AND TWO

SYLLABLE

ADJECTIVES

62


- She has seen better films than her sister

- They will be better professionals than my brother

- I have worse marks than my best friend

- She has seen worse films than her sister

- They sill be worse professionals than my brother

Examples using superlatives:

- 1995 was best the year in my life

- 1995 was the worst year in my life

-

NOTE: for one syllable adjectives that ends in consonant preceded by a vowel we

write double consonant.

- big. My toy is bigger than my sister’s

- fat. Mary is fatter than Susie.

ACTIVITY SIX: PRODUCTION PRACTICE1.- Read the second part of the article “talk all over the world” and identify the

comparatives and superlatives

COMPARATIVES SUPERLATIVES

Here are the results of a survey of the differences between men and women in England: Women are cleaner than men. 60% of women, but only 42% of men,

have a shower or bath everyday. The cleanest woman has a shower twice a day.

Men are faster drivers than women. On average, men are taller than women. Men have longer legs than

women A man’s brain is bigger than women’s. but Neanderthal man’s brain is

the biggest brain. Men have dirtier hair than women. Women are more honest than men Women are more afraid of insects than men Women are more faithful than men Married men are healthier than unmarried men. The healthiest people

are unmarried women¡¡¡¡¡¡¡

63


2.- Write five questions (wh- and yes/no) from the text

----------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

3.- Write the missing forms of the adjectives.

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVEOLD THE OLDEST

CLEANER THANWET

NICER THANLARGE

THE NEWESTHAPPIER THAN

THE BESTMORE EXCITING THAN

GOODBRILLIANT

4.- Compare the weather in two regions in our country

Sierra Region

Coast Region

A

B

64


5.- Make two sentences about some of these subjects. Use comparative and superlative forms

6.- MATCH THE WORD TO A PICTURE AND THEN ESTABLISH

COMPARISONS

BETWEEN THESE

ANIMALS

1. TALL2. STRONG3. SHORT4. HANDSOME5. THIN6. OLD7. WEAK8. CLEVER9. YOUNG10. BEAUTIFUL11. FAT12. TALKATIVE

Tv channels countries peopleFilms rivers restaurants

List the animals in the pictures:

a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i.j.k.l.

65


7.- Write sentences using these prompts

tall person----- Juan is the tallest person I know

sensitive person------------------------------------------------------

easy language---------------------------------------------------------

exciting sport---------------------------------------------------------

beautiful place--------------------------------------------------------

interesting magazine------------------------------------------------

important book-------------------------------------------------------

8.- Use the table to write sentences about what you have done

INTERESTINGDIFFICULT

DANGEROUSDELICIOUSBEAUTIFULTALKATIVE

FOODFRIENDPLACE

EXAMINATIONTHINGBOOK

VISITDO

READEAT

TAKEHAVE

Example: The most beautiful place I have visited was Guano

66


9.- Write two sentences for each of the students. use the information on the table.

EXAMPLE: LARRY IS BETTER AT MATH’S THAN SUE BUT HE IS WORSE AT

GEOGRAPHY THAN HEATHER.

STUDENT MATH’S GEOGRAPHY ENGLISH SCIENCE ARTLARRY 9 5 6 9 2HEATHER 7 4 8 4 3SUE 6 9 5 5 4PETER 2 9 6 4 8LORENA 6 4 8 9 7GEORGE 5 9 8 6 5MARGARITA 8 9 8 9 7MICHAEL 7 6 4 8 6PAUL 7 5 8 4 9ROBIN 9 7 8 6 9

10.- Look the chart. It gives opinions about London and Los Angeles. Complete the sentences

London Los AngelesExcitingDangerousAttractive museumsGood musicInteresting foodNice accomodations

XxxxxXxxXxxxxXxxxXxxxxxx

XxxxXxxxxxXxxXxxXxxxxxxxx

67


London is------------------------------------------------Los Angeles

Los Angeles is-----------------------------------------------London

London has---------------------------------------------------Los Angeles

London has-------------------------------------------------- Los Angeles

In London there is---------------------------------------------------Los Angeles

Los Angeles has------------------------------------------------------London

11.- Compare

- Between your father and your mother----------------------------------------------------------

- You and your best friend-------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Ecuador and Peru----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- English and French--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ACTIVITY SEVEN : Specific Readings

READING ONE1.- Read the text from a medical article. Many medical professional read these articles. Identify some comparative and superlative forms.

Medical Research gives a solution to Hysterectomy for women with Menorrhagia

Details: There is a great variety of problems and alterations that affect women’s sexual organs, menorrhagia is one of them which is characterized by an excessive amount of blood during menstruation . Menorrhagia can be one of the most frequent signal for hysterectomy (uterus extirpation) , which is very common in married or unmarried women.

For women older than 45 hysterectomy is not a problem since they have stopped their fertile period but for those who are young the problem is much bigger and has more implications. Scientists have discovered a new procedure to avoid hysterectomy called TRANSERVICAL RESECTION OF THE ENDOMETRIUM ( TCRE1 ), is a less drastic alternative, the hypothesis that the number of women who after require surgery is no more than 15%, also, 202 women with symptomatic menorrhagia were observed for six months after a TCRE procedure and they showed physical, psychological and social acceptance.

TCRE is then an acceptable alternative to hysterectomy in the treatment of menorrhagia for many women with no other serious disorders but unfortunately, hysterectomy is still the most common surgical solution for patients specially in Latin American countries.

A

B

C

D

68


But what does TCRE imply? Is one of the newest endometrial treatment with electro surgery, laser or other forms of thermal energy in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding of benign aetiology.

1 Magos AL. Management of menorrhagia. BMF 1990; Vol 2. pp. 1537 - 1538

2.- From the text, identify the following elements.

An explanation for menorrhagia--------------------------------------------------------------

What hysterectomy is--------------------------------------------------------------------------

A condition for a TCRE procedure----------------------------------------------------------

An explanation for TCRE---------------------------------------------------------------------

Situation in Latin America---------------------------------------------------------------------

A result of TCRE in patients----------------------------------------------------------------

3.- Complete the diagram that explains some details about TCRE

ALTERNATIVE TO FOR MEANS

4.- The table shows results of 100 women who had an hysterectomy and 100 who

had a TCRE procedure, make some comments about them. Psychological

acceptancePain and dissatisfaction

after procedureNeeded other medical

treatmentHYSTERECTOMYNO PATIENTS 100

30% 45% 25%

TCRENO PATIENTS 100

70% 21% 9%

Example:

45% of women who had hysterectomy reported pain and dissatisfaction after the

procedure

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.- Draw a bar chart with the information

TCRE

69


100 %

Psyc. Accep. Pain&Insat. OthersReading two:1.- Read the text and write a title and complete it.

All over the world there are lots of children who live in absolutely poverty, they work to support their families and most of them don’t go to school but worst of all, when they born, they don’t have anyone who cares of them.

The first five years of a child’s life are critical, the experts tell us. That’s when their characters are formed. That’s when taking care of them is the most important. They need someone to show them how to do things. Someone to love them. Unfortunately, for many of the world’s children, that’s just what they don’t get and society suffers as a result because a poor child has a lot less chance of being a good adult.

Some of us think that we can change this reality, we think we can help. It’s not our money what these children need, but our time or understanding. In our community there are dozens ways we can make personal contact with children and make a difference to their lives. Here a list of all those activities we can do:

-------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------

2.- Answer the questions

How do many children live in the world?---------------------------------------------------

A

B

C

70


What do they have to do to support their families?-----------------------------------------

Why are the first five years important?-------------------------------------------------------

Why does society suffer?-----------------------------------------------------------------------

3.- Compare between these two children:

Mike: both parents, lives in a house, his father and mother work.

Mary: is orphan, lives with her aunt, her aunt has four children more, Mary sells newspaper

ACTIVITY SEVENCHECK YOUR DEVELOPMENT

1.- Complete the sentences with a comparative or superlative.- Men are------------------drivers-----------women

- An elephant is--------------------------animal in the jungle

- I’ve visited ---------------------- interesting place in the world

- She’s bought--------------------------- dress in the shop

- A spider is-------------------------------a mouse

- Reading novels is---------------------------reading history books

- The Nilo river is----------------------------river in the world

- The IBM computers are------------------------------LG computers

- Galapagos flora and fauna is----------------------------------of the world

- I ate --------------------------delicious pizza in that restaurant

- They’ve become -------------------------------professionals in the city

2.- Answer these sentences in full, use superlatives

- The tallest person in my class is----------------------------------------------------------

- The widest river in Ecuador is------------------------------------------------------------

- The shortest person in my family is------------------------------------------------------

- The deepest river in Ecuador is-----------------------------------------------------------

- The best friend I have is-------------------------------------------------------------------

- The best moment of my life was when---------------------------------------------------

- The worst moment of my life was when-------------------------------------------------

71


3.- Complete the word spiders

4.- Make sentences using the correct comparative

Pears are----------------------------Strawberries are--------------------------

ACTIVITY ONE: General readingVOLUNTEERS

1.- What do you do during your free time?

2.- Do you help poor people?

3.- Do you do volunteer work?

4.- How often do you visit hospitals?

Some people go to work each day and then come home. They spend time with their

family and friends. Perhaps they watch TV or go to a movie. Sometimes they exercise

or read. This is their life. But for other people, this isn’t sufficient. They look around

their neighborhoods and see people with terrible hardships: sickness, loneliness,

homelessness, poverty. Other people see problems with the environment. Many people

want to help, so, they do volunteer work. They give some of their time to help others.

UNIT FIVE: FUTURE PLANS

A

B

B1

B2

C

POSITIVE NEGATIVE

Pears $1.40 bananas $ 2.80 kg mangoes $ 3.50 kg grapes $ 2.0kgApples $ 1.85 strawberries $2,35 kg

A

B

B1

During this unit you are supposed to:Talk about plans and intentionsUse future expressionsGive opinions about different topicsExpress daily activities

72


Volunteers help in many ways. Some visit sick and lonely people. Some give their

friendship to children without parents. Some build houses for homeless people. Others

sit and hold babies with AIDS. Here two examples:

Andy Brinker hasn’t wanted to change the world but he is doing it with his work;

last year, his best friend became sick. He had AIDS. Soon he was very sick, and he

didn’t have anyone to take care of him. Andy and other friends began to help. In

1999, Brinker started PROJECT OPEN HAND in New York. This group has

cooked meals, has given medicine and has taken care to people with this and other

terrible diseases : tuberculosis, cancer, lupus, etc. for four years and the number of

volunteers is growing everyday, next year they are going to start other project in

Kansas .

At the Marine Mammal Center in northern California, Judy Simpson does volunteer

work, she helps sick ocean mammals: seals, sea lions, whales. The sick animals

become well and strong also motherless baby animals grow bigger and healthier.

Simpson has helped to feed and take care of the animals and she hasn’t received

any pay for her hard work. Her “pay” is the good feeling on the day when a healthy

animal can return to the ocean.

Athea Williams, she is a young professional from New York, she has done a lot of

volunteer work; for example, she has helped in schools for handicapped children and

also she has lived in an orphan for two years. Tomorrow, she is going to start another

period at a shelter where homeless people go to sleep at night. She is going to work

there for one year. Three nights a week, she is going to help in the kitchen of the shelter

with four other volunteers, they are going to cook for forty five people, they are going

to cook meals with vegetables, chicken, fish and fruit; homeless people need this good

food because many of them usually don’t eat well. Although food is important, they

also have to be good listeners because most of these people have problems and they

want someone to talk to, Athea thinks this is the most difficult work.

As a volunteer she has talked to a lot of the homeless people and she says that some of

them have had problems with alcohol or drugs, but others only have had bad luck; she

remembers the story of one woman who worked for almost twenty years for a small

B2

C

D

E

73


company. Then she lost her job. She looked and looked for a new job but she didn’t find

one. She was too old. She needed money for food, so she sold her furniture (sofas,

chairs and tables), after, she didn’t have money for her apartment. She had to sleep in

her car, then she sold her car. She was alone, afraid and homeless. Finally, she came to

the shelter.

After one year here, Athea is going to travel to Africa, because there is a hospital where

there are not enough doctors, she is going to work as a nurse to do this, she is going to

start a course on weekends to learn about Medicine, Anatomy and hospital work, she

needs this knowledge to work better but for her, this is going to be the hardest

experience because she has never lived without her family in other country.

Twenty years ago, most volunteers were housewives, they volunteered time while their

husbands were working but nowadays there are volunteers from all social classes, most

of them aren’t rich or famous, they just enjoy their work because people need them.

Today with problems such as AIDS and homelessness, the world needs volunteers more

than ever before.

ACTIVITY TWO: AFTER YOU READ

1.- What’s the main idea in each paragraph ? --------One woman has done a lot of volunteer work and she is going to do more

--------Somebody is going to learn about clinic work

--------One woman has worked for animal protection

--------People do different activities to help others during their free time.

--------Different activities volunteers do

--------A friend helps to other who is very sick

2.- Vocabulary

Find more examples in the text: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TIP: sometimes a colon (:) can help you understand a new worldExample: there are terrible diseases: AIDS, cancer, TB

F

74


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.- Look for new words and write sentences or definitions using them.

3.- Making guesses, circle the correct letter to complete the sentence.

The writer probably thinks: Volunteers are unhappy people People don’t like volunteers with AIDS Volunteers do important work

The article was written by: A physiologist A lawyer A sociologist

Homeless people Don’t like to live in a house Don’t have money to pay for living in Don’t work and don’t have friends

4.- Identify answers for these questions

- What has OPEN HAND

done?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------

- Where is Athea going to go next

year?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------

- What has Judy Simpson

done?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------

75


- What do people do during their free

time?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

- What do volunteers

do?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

- What other personal characteristics volunteers also

have ?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------

- What problems do some of the homeless people

have?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------

- Who were volunteers years

ago?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------

- What’s going to be Athea’s most difficult

experience?----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

- What are terrible

hardships?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.- Fill the table with the information required

SENTENCES THAT GIVE IDEA OF FUTURE INTENTIONS OR PLANS

76


ACTIVITY THREE: Change the paragraph

1.- Read the text and change it using to be going for the underlined verbs:

Today, Anna visits the Florida Protection Zoo, for her, this is an interesting place, first she walks in front of the birds jails, after that she visits some monkeys, they are in a big jail with a nice tree in the middle, then, she looks the seals in a small lagoon near a sandy artificial beach. Finally Anna visits the lions, they are in front of the giraffes. Anna feels very happy because this is her first time in a zoo.

Tomorrow, Anna is going to---------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.- What are you going to do tomorrow? (use sequence words)

Tomorrow, I am going to---------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ACTIVITY FOUR: GRAMMAR CHECK

EXPRESSING FUTURE INTENTIONS OR FUTURE PLANSTO BE GOING TO + VERB (SIMPLE FORM)

We use going to for future intentions where we have already decided to do something

Example: I’m going to study for my English exam We use going to predict a future event which seems certain because of present

evidence Example: Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain

a.- COMPLETE THE TABLE

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

AM I GOING TO……...?

77


I…… …… …… EAT

YOU………GOING TO EAT

HE…… ……. ….. EAT

……..IS GOING TO EAT

…… ….. ………. …… EAT

WE…….GOING TO EAT

YOU………. ……. ….. EAT

……… …….. …….. … EAT

I ……… ………GOING TO EAT

YOU……… …….GOING TO EAT

------------------------------------

------------------------------

For affirmative sentences follow this pattern: Subject + to be + going to + verb (simple form ) + complement They are going to fly to Cartagena

For negatives add not to verb to beSubject + to be (not) + going to + verb (simple form) + complement They are not going to fly to Cartagena

For interrogatives put verb to be at the beginning of the questionTo be + subject + going to + verb (simple form) + complement + ?Are they going to fly to Cartagena?

b.- Wh- questions using to be going to… Form WH----questions by putting the question word at the beginning and then the normal elements of a question. Example: What time are you going to start your exam? I am going to start my exam at 9’00ACTIVITY FIVE: PRODUCTION PRACTICE

1.- Read what the people say and write what they are going to do

Example: His exam results are terrible. He’s going to study more next term

- I’m really bored. Let’s go to see a film-------------------------------------------------

- She’s got a terrible headache-------------------------------------------------------------

- He’s very tired-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Today is Silvia’s birthday-----------------------------------------------------------------

- We are really hungry-----------------------------------------------------------------------

- I don’t have a dress for the party---------------------------------------------------------

- They have eaten too much----------------------------------------------------------------

78


- You wrote a love letter--------------------------------------------------------------------

- He doesn’t have money--------------------------------------------------------------------

- The teachers need more training----------------------------------------------------------

2.- Talk to two partners, answer the questions and report your findings

- What are you going to do during your next vacation?- When are you going to finish your career?- Who is going to be the next president in Ecuador?- Where are you going to play next weekend?- How often are you going to read a book next month?- When is your mother going to cook chicken?

Example:ME MY PARTNER

Next vacation, I’m going to travel to the beach

Next vacation my partner is going to take an English course

3.- Look the pictures and write the moments of the stories:

79


COMPLETE THE TABLE TO ANSWER THESE THREE QUESTIONS

WHAT IS HAPPENING AT THE MOMENT?

WHAT HAS HAPPENED? WHAT DO YOU THINK IS GOING TO HAPPEN ?

PICTURE A

PICTURE B

PICTURE C

PICTURE D

PICTURE E

4.- Think and write at least 10 sentences

5.- Match the two parts of the resolutions

1. I’M GOING TO WORK ( )2. I’M NOT GOING TO START ( )3. I’M GOING TO HELP ( )4. I’M NOT GOING TO SPEND ( )

Next year, I am going

to..-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------

80


5. I’M GOING TO VISIT ( )6. I’M GOING TO WALK ( )7. I’M GOING TO KEEP ( )8. I’M GOING TO LEARN ( )

a) All my pocket month on comicsb) My granny when she is illc) My room clean and tidyd) My parents with the houseworke) Ten new words every dayf) Smokingg) The dog everydayh) Hard at school

6.- Write more examples from your own to find information about this situation:

YOUR FRIEND IS GOING TO TRAVEL TO USA.I think that he/she is going to…

7.- Look and write what are these people going to do

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

8.- READ THE TEXT AND BUILD UP QUESTIONS USING TO BE GOING TO

TRACY is going to change her life. For years she has worked for a company , she has saved a lot of money to travel. After 25 years, she is going to travel all over the world, her trip is going to start next June; first she is going to go to China there, she’s going to visit museums and the famous sea food market. After that, she is going to go to Egypt and she is going to visit the Nilo River and the Pyramids. Finally after four months, she is going to come back to Australia, and she is going to start her own business, to do this, she has bought a nice place where she is going to open a restaurant . In the restaurant, she is going to prepare delicious food.

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FAMILY / CHILD CONTRACT

We, Charlene and Ron Barday, and our four children, make these promises on bringing up our new baby

PATRICK OR PATRICEWe are going to:

We are never going to:

We are not going to let him:

We are going to make him:


9.- Complete the clues about what are you going to do

Visit family in Canada / when 20 I’m going to visit my family in Candada when

I’m 20

Get a job in a Hospital / when finish my career--------------------------------------------

Go to lots of parties / when go to New York----------------------------------------------

Be a good professional / when finish my career-------------------------------------------

Travel around the world / when win the lottery--------------------------------------------

ACTIVITY SIX: Specific ReadingsREADING ONE

1.- Read the text and write some plans

OOPS……...¡¡¡¡¡ SHE’S PREGNANT AGAIN

No matter what the situation can be, when a woman knows that she is pregnant, there are a lot of things to consider about it. When Charlene discovered she was pregnant again, she felt really worried and some questions came to her mind. How are her other four children going to feel when they find out that they are going to have a baby brother or sister? And what about Ron her husband,

how is he going to feel? How are they going to pay all the bills and daily requirements And Gary her boss in the hospital, what is he going to say about it?.

On the other hand, for Charlene, having other baby has become a difficult and dangerous condition because she is 41 and she knows the risks for her and the baby at the beginning, she thought to stop pregnancy because there were a lot of problems, she was really confused but finally she decided to continue.

After four weeks she discovered she was pregnant, she decided to talk to her family luckily all of them understood and were very happy with the news. Teddy, the older son said “ it’s a great opportunity to train my abilities as father” , Susie said “mom has been a good mother, she is going to do it right with this baby too”, finally all the family decided to make some resolutions to help Charlene with the baby, they decided to write a FAMILY / CHILD CONTRACT

A

B

C

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2.- Answer these questions about the reading

Why is Charlene nervous?--------------------------------------------------------------------

How many children does Charlene have?----------------------------------------------------

What did Teddy say?---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Has Charlene been a good

mother ?-----------------------------------------------------------

Why did Charlene think to stop pregnancy?-------------------------------------------------

What did the family decide to do at the end?------------------------------------------------

3.- Give ideas to answer the question: What do you think Charlene is going to do

now? Example:

She is going to eat more vegetables and fruit

-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

4.- Give ideas to answer the question: what do you think Charlene isn’t going to

do. Example:

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She is not going to drink coffee in the morning

--------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

READING TWO1.- Read the newspaper report text and comment the situation

Mrs. Banks, a 61 years old farmer’s wife from Alabama, was immediately taken to the mortuary at the nearest hospital. That night, the undertaker (professional funeral organizer) who worked in the mortuary was really busy in the room where Mrs. Banks was. He didn’t think what was going to happen when he heard some strange sounds. When he looked round, he saw Mrs. Banks moving. The man was shocked and began to run to get help from the doctors at the hospital.

Doctors from the hospital ran to the mortuary. They discovered that Mrs. Banks was certainly unconscious for about eight hours but she wasn’t dead. She was instantly taken to hospital for more examination and treatment.

At 6:00 am. On New Year’s Day the local police informed the Banks family that Mrs. Banks was alive.

She has been in intensive care in the hospital for a few days. The general manager of the hospital announced today “she is making good progress. Doctors are going to let her to go home in two days, but she is conscious and receiving visitors”

Anthony Willis the family’s lawyer was interviewed today. He said: “ the family is really anxious about recent events. ” He told journalists that Mr. Banks is going to start a legal action. Mr. Banks is in a state of shock after everything that has happened in the last few days

AN INCREDIBLE NEW YEAR’S DAY MR. BANKS NOTICED THAT HIS WIFE – WHO SUFFERS FROM

EPILEPSY – WAS NOT FEELING WELLWhen his wife was unconscious he called the doctor. After examining Mrs. Banks the doctor told Mr. Banks that his wife was dead.

A

B

C

D

E

HEADING

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2.- look at the following words and phrases in each paragraph. Read the whole paragraph carefully and work out the meaning or definition of the words.

Unconscious-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Mortuary-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Undertaker---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Alive----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Conscious----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Anxious-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

State of shock------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.- Look at these notes about Mrs. Banks’s story and retell the story in groups

New year’s day / Mr Banks/ his wife / not feel well

Mrs. Banks / mortuary/ undertaker / sounds / help / doctors

The police / family / Mrs. Banks / alive

She / intensive care / progress / go home / conscious

Lawyer / Mr. Banks / anxious / legal action

4.- Write a letter that best describes each paragraph

The Banks are informed about their mother ( )

A lawyer explains the situation ( )

Mrs. Banks is in hospital and she is better ( )

Doctors help a woman ( )

A man is shocked when discovers something strange in the mortuary ( )

5.- Write T or F for these ideas according to the reading, if they are false, please

correct them.

Mr. Banks had epilepsy ( )

The mortuary was in the hospital ( )

The undertaker was calm when he saw Mrs. Banks ( )

This episode was during Thanksgiving celebration ( )

In hospital, Mrs. Banks got better and received visitors ( )

The undertaker looked for help ( )

Doctors in hospital discovered that Mrs. Banks was dead ( )

Mrs. Banks was in emergency care for a few days ( )

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Correct the sentences.

ACTIVITY SEVEN: CHECK YOUR DEVELOPMENT

1.- Correct the mistakes in each sentence

They is going to analyze the laboratory results-------------------------------------------

You are going to wash all the materials after the

surgery?---------------------------------

Where you going to go today?-----------------------------------------------------------------

Are they go to work in that office?------------------------------------------------------------

Why is she going study tonight?--------------------------------------------------------------

What time is we going to go to the

hospital?------------------------------------------------

2.- Give three ideas about what people are going to do.

She is very fat

---------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------

The president has a terrible headache

--------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------

I don’t have good marks at the university

--------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------

Kevin has a Biochemistry exam

--------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------

3.- Complete the sentences using the form to be going to + verb

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What---------------you------------------------- this weekend?

How----------------they--------------------------------the poems

I----------------------------------very hard to pass my school year

She------------------------------------------her friends this Friday

The undertaker------------------------------------- in the mortuary tomorrow

Mary-----------------------------------------------basketball with her partners

You------------------------------------------------to the library

ACTIVITY ONE: General Reading

OUR CHANGING DIET

1.- Have you ever started a diet?2.- how often do you eat fast food?3.- what kind of food do you generally eat?4.- Do you know the different groups of food?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------Many people think that

the typical North American diet consists of fast food: hamburgers, hot dogs, French

fries, pizza, fried chicken and so on. They think Americans and Canadians also eat a lot

of convenience foods, usually frozen or canned, and junk food: candies, cookies, potato

chips and other things without much nutritional value. Unfortunately, this description is

UNIT SIX : FUTURE PREDICTIONS

A

B

During this unit you are supposed to:Make predictions Talk about future eventsTalk about possibilitiesIntegrate different tensesExpress their ideas according to a situation

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not totally inaccurate. The American diet is generally high in sugar, salt, fat and

cholesterol, and these substances can cause health problems.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------They are becoming more

interested in good health and nutrition is an important part of health. North Americans

are eating less red meat and fewer eggs, and they are eating more chicken and fish.

Chicken and fish contain less fat than meat and eggs. Many people are also buying

more fresh vegetables and eating them raw or cooked quickly in very little water in

order to keep the vitamins.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The typical North American diet now includes food from many different countries.

More ethnic restaurants are opening in big cities in the United States and Canada.

Foods from China, Japan, Korea, Thailand, India and the Middle East are very popular.

Even fast food places now offer “low fat” hamburgers, boiled or roasted instead of fried

chicken, and salad bars with a wide variety of fresh fruits and vegetables.

----------------------------------------------Because we now know about the importance of

nutrition, we will probably continue to eat more fish and vegetables and less meat. We

will still buy convenience foods in supermarkets, but frozen foods may be more

nutritious and canned foods probably will have less salt and sugar. Our junk food will

not be “junk” at all because instead of candy bars we will eat “nutrition bars” with a lot

of vitamins and protein. In the future, our diet will probably be more interesting and

healthful than it is now.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------People are always

discussing new dishes, restaurants, diet plans and ideas about nutrition. The arguments

about the best diets and foods will continue: are vegetarians really healthy?, is a high-

fiber diet with a lot of raw fruits and vegetables better than a diet of cooked foods? Is a

little alcohol good for relaxation or is alcohol dangerous? Is some caffeine good for

energy, or is caffeine always bad? Can yellow vegetables really prevent cancer? Will

eating garlic help avoid heart attacks? One thing we do know for sure: the key to good

nutrition is balance. How do we achieve that balance? We can choose foods form a

variety of sources, control the quantities that we eat, limit fats and of course, exercise.

B

C

D

E

TIP: LEARNING TO SUMMARIZEYou can show your understanding of reading material by summarizing it. When you write a summary, you retell the main ideas and the important details in short form. You can use some words from the reading and some of your own words. What is important is to understand first and write clearly after.Example:Over the years, eating habits have changed a lot, for North Americans for example, their diet has gone from folk food to junk food and now they are trying new possibilities for example ethnic food.

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ACTIVITY TWO: AFTER YOUR READ

ACTIVITY TWO: AFTER YOU READ1.- Here you have the first sentence that fits in each paragraph, choose and complete them

1. In the United States and Canada, food is a very common topic of conversation

2. However, some people’s eating habits are changing.

3. How will we eat in the future?

4. Restaurant menus are also changing to reflect people’s growing concern with

good nutrition.

5. What do most Americans and Canadians usually eat?

2.- Getting the main ideas. Write true or false on the lines

1. ------- All North Americans eat only fast food, convenience foods and “junk

food” with a lot of sugar, salt and fat.

2. ------- People today are becoming more interested in food nutrition and more

healthful cooking methods.

3. --------Foods from other countries are not very popular for North Americans

4. --------In the future, people will probably continue to eat more healthful foods.

5. --------Most people have the same ideas about nutrition.

3.- In one to six, write the meanings of the underlined words.

1. Many people think that the typical North American diet consist of fast food-

hamburgers, hot dogs, French fries, pizza, fried chicken, and so on. It also

includes convenience foods, usually frozen or canned, and junk food – candy,

cookies, potato chips, and other things without much nutritional value.

Fast food:___________________________________________________

Convenience foods:____________________________________________

Junk food:___________________________________________________

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2. People are eating more chicken and fish – foods without much fat or cholesterol

(a kind of fat)

Cholesterol:_________________________________________________

3. The typical North American diet now includes food from many different

countries, ethnic foods.

Ethnic:_____________________________________________________

4. The typical American diet includes convenience foods, and junk food without

much food value. This choice of food is very high in sugar, salt, and fat, but it

does not provide much good nutrition.

Diet:_______________________________________________________

Nutrition:___________________________________________________

5. Many people are also buying more fresh vegetables and eating them raw or

cooked quickly in very little water.

Raw________________________________________________________

6. Is all alcohol harmful, and is caffeine always bad for the health?

Harmful_____________________________________________________

4.- Recognizing reading details. Match each paragraph with its topic.

1. ---------Ideas about the typical North American Diet

2. ---------Ideas about food and eating habits in the future

3. ---------Discussions about the best diets and foods

4. ---------New types of foods served in restaurants

5. ---------How and why people are changing their eating habits.

5.- Circle the number of the one main idea of the reading:

1. The typical North American diet now includes food from many countries

2. for health reasons, many people are eating more fresh vegetables

3. Our junk food in the future is not really going to be “junk ” at all

4. North Americans are becoming more interested in good health, and nutrition as an

important part of health.

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6.- Find the answers to these questions in the reading

1. What foods are North Americans eating more for better nutrition?

________________________________________________________________

2. What foods are they eating less?

-_______________________________________________________________

3. why do people cook vegetables quickly in very little water?

________________________________________________________________

4. what kinds of ethnic foods do North Americans often eat?

________________________________________________________________

5. How will convenience foods change in the future?

________________________________________________________________

6. Why will “junk food” be more healthful?

________________________________________________________________

7. What kinds of questions do people often ask about diets and foods?

ACTIVITY THREE: LISTENINGFUTURE PREDICTIONS.

1.- Answer these questions:

1.- Do you believe in superstitions?

2.- Have you ever gone to a fortune teller?

3.- What questions do you do to a fortune teller?

4.- Are fortune tellers true?

5.- Why do people go to visit fortune tellers?

6.- Make a list of some common superstitions in your country

2.- Listen and complete the dialogue:

Fortune teller: Sit down, please, what ------- ------ ------- to know about your future?

Valerie: ---------- will I be fifteen years from now?

F: Let me look in my crystal ball. Äh, yes... I can see a lot of people. You’ll be famous

V: Wow¡ Great¡ Will I´-------- a singer?

F: No, you won’t. -------- ----------. I can -------- a map of the world

V: Fantastic¡ Will I be an explorer?

F: No, not an explorer. I ---------- -------- millions of ------------ listening to you

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V: A politician, a world leader , how exciting¡

F: No, wait. The image is clearer now. I can see a television.

V: I------------, an actress¡ I’ll be a famous actress¡

F: No, you’ll predict the future

V: What, me a fortune teller?

F: you’ll -------a weather forecaster

V: A weather forecaster¡

ACTIVITY FOUR: PREDICTING THE FUTURE1.- You are going to visit a fortune teller. Use the pictures to write questions you

want to ask her-

Example: Will I travel to U.S.A.?

-----------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------

2.- Predicting your future Complete the information with at least eight ideas and

share them with a partner

WHAT WILL YOU BE FIFTEEN YEARS FROM NOW?

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I think that fifteen years from now I will be a brilliant

professional, I will--------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ACTIVITY FIVE: GRAMMAR CHECK

USE OF WILL TO EXPRESS FUTURE EVENTS.

Use will to express future predictions, when we are not sure about the results

Form sentences using will plus a verb in simple form as in the example:

She will start a new life next year

My cousin will create a robot to work in the field

Fred will start a new Embryology course tomorrow

Form interrogatives by placing will at the beginning of the sentence plus the

subject, the main verb, a complement and the question mark. Example:

Will she start a new life next year?

Will my cousin create a robot to work in the field?

Will Fred start a new Embryology course tomorrow?

Form negatives by writing not after will or use the contraction won’t.

Example:

She won’t start a new life next year

My cousin won’t create a robot to work in the field.

Fred won’t start a new Embryology course tomorrow

Information questions are formed writing the Wh- word at the beginning

and building up a simple question, don’t forget the question mark. Example:

When will she start a new life?

What will my cousin create?

When will Fred start a new Embryology course?

USING FIRST CONDITIONAL : IF + PRESENT SIMPLE + WILL

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We use if + a verb in the present simple to talk about a possible future action or

situation. The if clause is often followed by another clause with will or won’t

Examples:

If they win the championship, they will play in the Ecuadorian team.

If my father travels to Europe, he will get a job and he will send money

If the weather is better tomorrow, I will go to play football

ACTIVITY SIX: PRODUCTION PRACTICE1.- Complete the sentences with will or won’t , then, discuss your answers with

your partners.

Spain _______win the next World Cup

People ________live on the moon fifty years from now

The ozone layer_______ disappear very soon

In the next century we_______ build cities under the sea

People_________ have robots to do all the work in 2020

A new type of energy source __________be discovered in the next decade

We ________be able to talk to dolphins at the end of the century

People ________ live until they are 180 years old in the 21st. century.

2.- Use will or won’t with the verbs in brackets

In two months, he-------------------(be) eighteen and he-----------------(be) an adult

I’m sure he---------------------(pass) his exams because he has studied a lot

The planet----------------------(end) all the water in the next 200 years

My doctor says I----------------------( have ) to take 10 pills a day

Don’t eat more bread or you---------------(get) fat

All these fish --------------(die) because they have been in polluted water

I--------------------(go) to that party with you

3.- Change the text to the future with will, work with the underlined verbs.

the happiest couple

Vincent and Christine are going to get married next month. In the

St. Michael’s Church. The local priest does it. The bride wears a

long white dress and a veil. She takes beautiful natural red roses in

her hand. The groom wears a dark blue suit. He has a flower in his

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buttonhole. He gives her a ring and they repeat the marriage words after the priest.

Later the reception, which is in the Astoria Hotel, the happy couple go on their

honeymoon trip. They are planning to go to Italy and Paris, where they visit all the

famous old cities and touristic places. They enjoy the typical food and buy souvenirs.

They are going to stay there for three weeks and when they return, they have to go back

to work again.

4.- Answer these questions according to the text

Where and when will Vincent and Christine will get married?---------------------------

Who will marry them?--------------------------------------------------------------------------

What will she take in her hand?---------------------------------------------------------------

What will the bride wear?----------------------------------------------------------------------

What will the broom wear?--------------------------------------------------------------------

Where will be the reception?------------------------------------------------------------------

Where will go the happy couple after the reception?---------------------------------------

What will they visit in Italy and France?-----------------------------------------------------

What will they buy there?----------------------------------------------------------------------

5.- Invent your future life, write two predictions for each situation. Example:

Family: I think that I will marry five years from now and I will have two children

I think that I won’t live with my parents, I will live in my own apartment

Money: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Travel: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Health: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Love: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Profession:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6.- Read the paragraph and report the results from the chart

Example:

20 per cent of men interviewed will donate their organs in the future

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OUR ORGANS

FROM: HEALTH MAGAZINE DEC. 2002IT’S NOT A COMMON TOPIC TO TALK ABOUT, GIVING OUR ORGANS TO OTHER PEOPLE WHO NEED THEM IS OBVIOUSLY A DIFFICULT DECISION, STATISTICS SHOW THAT EVERY YEAR MILLIONS OF PEOPLE DIE BECAUSE THEY DIDN’T GET THE ORGAN THEY WERE WAITING FOR. HERE A BAR CHART FROM A SURVEY, THE QUESTION WAS:

WILL YOU DONATE YOUR ORGANS IN THE FUTURE?

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7.- Complete the if clauses ACCORDING TO THE SITUATION

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF YOU……………. Read the news? If I read the news I will know what happens in the city

Win the lottery? ------------------------------------------------------------------

Don’t study for the test?---------------------------------------------------------------

Loose money? ------------------------------------------------------------------

Go to the disco? _------------------------------------------------------------------

Travel to London? -------------------------------------------------------------------

Buy a new bike? -------------------------------------------------------------------

8.- Complete the second part of the clause

----------------------------------------------------------I will go to the birthday party

----------------------------------------------------------I will work in that factory

---------------------------------------------------------I will travel around the world

-------------------------------------------------------- I will buy a new dress

---------------------------------------------------------I will buy a new house

---------------------------------------------------------I will play an instrument

9.- Write negative predictions for our country

Ecuador won’t pay the international loans

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10.- Complete the if chain

If I go to a disco with my friends tonight, I won’t study for my exams,

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If I don’t study for my exams, I

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ACTIVITY SEVEN: SPECIFIC READINGS

READING ONE1.- Read the second part of the article CHANGING DIETS and answer the quesions

FOOD PERSONALITIES

People express their personalities in their clothes, their cars and their homes. We can choose certain foods to tell people something about us, our diets can also be an expression of our personalities. For example, some people eat mainly gourmet foods, such as caviar and lobster, and they eat only in expensive restaurants (never in cafeterias or snack bars). They probably want to show the world that they know about the “better things in life” and their high position in society.

Human beings can eat many different kinds of food, but some people choose not to eat meat. Vegetarians often have more in common than just their diet. Their personalities can be similar too. For example, vegetarians in the United States and Canada may be creative people, and they can not enjoy competitive sports or jobs. They wore about the health of the world, and they are probably strongly opposed to war.

Some people eat mostly fast food. One study shows that many fast food eaters have a lot in common with one another, buy they are very different form vegetarians. They are competitive and good at business. They are also usually in a hurry. Many fast food eaters can not agree with this description of their personalities, but it is a common picture of them.

Some people also believe that people of the same astrological sign have similar food personalities. Arians (born under the sign of Aries, between March 21 and April 19)

A

B

C

D

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usually like spicy food, with a lot of onions and pepper. People with the sign of Taurus (April 20 to May 20) prefer healthful fruits and vegetables, but they often eat too much. Sagittarians (November 22 to December 21) like ethnic foods from many different countries. Aquarians (January 20 to February) can eat as much meat and fish as they want, but sugar and cholesterol are sometimes problems for them.

What is your food personality? Take this quiz about food . Circle the letters of the right answers for you.

1. You are at a exciting park, and you want something to eat. Which will you buy?a) A candy appleb) Cotton candyc) A vanilla ice cream

2. Someone gives you a box of chocolates. Which kind are you going to eat first?a) The kind with caramel centersb) The kind with fruit centersc) The kind with cream centers

3. You are in an Italian café. What will you order?a) Espressob) Cappuccinoc) Milk

4. You are in a movie theater. Which of these will you probably get for a snack?a) Nachosb) Popcornc) A chocolate bar

5. It’s your birthday and your friend wants to invite you for dinner. Which restaurant do you choose?

a) A Thai or an Indian Restaurantb) A Mexican or an Italian restaurantc) A fast food place

6. Which do you prefer on most of your sandwiches?a) Spicy mustardb) Mayonnaisec) Butter

7. It’s Sunday morning, and you’re going to prepare breakfast. How will you cook the eggs?

a) Eggs rancheros (Mexican Style)b) Scrambled or friedc) Boiled

8. It’s early morning. Which of these do you want first?a) Black coffeeb) Orange Juicec) Hot oatmeal

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9. What do you like best on your toast?a) Nothing. I like dry toastb) Jelly or marmaladec) Butterd)

10. You’re shopping and you’re hungry. There are only fast food places in the area. Which will you choose?

a) A taco place or a Japanese placeb) A pizza placec) A hamburger or a chicken place.

2.- Now add up your score to find some details about your personality:

For every A answer you get 5 points For every B answer you get 3 points For every C answer you get 1 point

Result: 40 – 50 points, your food has a strong personality just like you. Your food is

sour, spicy, or crunchy. You are intelligent and creative. You like being with friends and going to parties but be careful, sometimes you get angry easily.

20 – 40 you like many kinds of food. You probably have a strong personality, but you can also get confused when you make your decisions. You always work hard for the things you want .

Under 20, you usually eat sweet, soft, or bland foods, you like to be with people, but probably you are not a leader, your personality is soft as the food you eat, sometimes you don’t get what you want.

3- From paragraphs A, B, C and D, build up ten questions

-----------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------

------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------

5.- Complete the word diagrams for each food category

FRUITS VEGETABLES

JUNK FOOD

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ACTIVITY SIX: CHECK YOUR DEVELOPMENT1.- Change these sentences from present to future she is in her laboratory practice----------------------------------------------------------------

they are in the hospital with their mother----------------------------------------------------

we analyze the results from the survey-------------------------------------------------------

she never works hard on weekend----------------------------------------------------------

they don’t eat junk food at home--------------------------------------------------------------

he doesn’t play basketball in front of his house--------------------------------------------

2.- Complete the if clauses:

I will go to the movies,-------------------------------------------------------------------------

They will buy the materials,-------------------------------------------------------------------

We won’t wash the dishes,--------------------------------------------------------------------

The students will write the report,-----------------------------------------------------------

The planet earth will disappear,------------------------------------------------------

3.- Write a positive and negative prediction for each of these things. Example:

Environment: Cars won’t use petrol 50 years from now

People will clean rivers and will plant more trees

Education:--------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------

Politics:----------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Famous people:--------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Ecuador:----------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------

Your family:----------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Technology: ---------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

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Texto Básico Dra. Fanny ZambranoInglés II MSc. Adriana CundarInfinitivebebecomebeginbreakburnbuycatchchoosecomecostcutdodrawdreamdrinkdriveeatfallfeelfindforgetgetgivegohavehearhitholdkeepknowleavelendletliemakemeanmeetpayputread ringrunsayseesellsendshowshutsingsitsleepsmellspeakspellspendstandstealswimtaketeachtellthinkthrowunderstandwake

simple pastwas/werebecamebeganbrokeburntboughtcaught chosecame costcutdiddrewdreamtdrankdroveatefellfeltfoundforgotgotgavewenthadheardhitheldkeptknewleftlentletlaymademeantmetpaidputread rangransaidsawsoldsentshowedshutsangsatsleepsmeltspoke speltspentstoodstoleswamtooktaughttoldthoughtthrewunderstoodwoke

past participlebeenbecomebegunbrokenburntboughtcaughtchosencomecostcut donedrawndreamtdrunkdriveneatenfallenfeltfoundforgottengotgivengonehadheardhitheldkeptknownleftlentletlainmademeantmetpaidputreadrungrunsaidseensoldsentshownshutsungsatsleptsmeltspokenspeltspentstoodstolenswumtakentaughttoldthoughtthrownunderstoodwoken

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FAMOUS PEOPLE IN THE PASTActivity three. Task 1Cleopatra was the Queen of Egypt. She was born in the year 69 BC. She was famous for her beauty. Mark Anthony, a Roman general and politician, left Rome to be with her in Egypt. She killed herself after the battle of Actium in 30 BC.Christopher Columbus is one of the world’s most famous explorers. He was born in Genoa, Italy, in 1451. He was supported by Ferdinand and Isabel of Spain, and in 1492 he discovered the New world. He made four voyages to the new continent and died in 1506 in Spain.Queen Elizabeth the First was Queen of England and Ireland form 1558 to 1603. She was born in 1533. She was very interested in international matters. Under her, England became one of Europe’s most powerful nations. She died in 1603.William Shakespeare was born in Stratford upon Avon in 1564. He is England’s most famous writer. He wrote more than thirty plays, including Hamlet and Mac Beth. He died in 1616.Martin Luther King was an American black civil rights leader. He was born in 1929. He encourages people to use peaceful methods to fight racial discrimination. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1968.

Michelle talks about her lifeActivity five. Task 9I love windsurfing. It’s an exhilarating sport. I’ve traveled to places all over the world. I’ve stayed in thousands of hotels and met lots of different people, some of them famous. I’m very lucky. Of course, it’s not always fun. There have been bad times. I’ve lost competitions and I’ve had a lot of accidents over the years, but it’s always been exciting. I’ve never thought of doing anything else.

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Radio advertisementActivity three. Task 1Smile, smile, smile. It’s the word on everybody’s lips. That’s right¡ it’s colorful, it’s exciting, it’s funny, it’s a Smile. A smile becomes a laugh when you buy Smile, the crazy comic for crazy people. It’s out now. Available at your local newsagent for only 50p. don’t be a misery¡ buy one before it’s too late.

Talking to the fortune telleractivity three. Task 2Fortune teller: Sit down, please, what do you want to know about your future?

Valerie: What will I be fifteen years from now?

F: Let me look in my crystal ball. Äh, yes... I can see a lot of people. You’ll be famous

V: Wow¡ Great¡ Will I’ll be a singer?

F: No, you won’t. but wait. I can see a map of the world

V: Fantastic¡ Will I be an explorer?

F: No, not an explorer. I can see millions of people listening to you

V: A politician, a world leader , how exciting¡

F: No, wait. The image is clearer now. I can see a television.

V: I know, an actress¡ I’ll be a famous actress¡

F: No, you’ll predict the future

V: What, me a fortune teller?

F: you’ll be a weather forecaster

V: A weather forecaster¡

106


BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Edinburgh 1987.

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English book two

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Transcript of English book two