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KVS[EWBNPKMECMk{pbxvefbabdéc u ac Kvs{ewbnpkmec

 Cfoem Icucmdc Xeacp 

 Obubv Vãmfokw Icu|k 

 Jc|okpemk Fcaak Xkóc 

Pcibv F{ws{k Pb`kp|b 

P{ew Mkfekv{x Iuobwwb|u  

38"84"0833

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 3

LKLEFC\BPEC

 C m{kv|pbv xclpkv u vkpkv 

s{kpelbv s{k vbm ac n{kpwc xcpc 

fbm|em{cp fbm m{kv|pbv kv|{lebv-

 C m{kv|pbv xpbnkvbpkv s{k mbv 

clkm|pcm km ka fbmbfeiekm|b lk 

ac mk{pbfekmfec-

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ÉMLEFKEM\PBL[FFEÖM------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 83

AC KVS[EWBNPKMEC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 86

LKNEMEFEÖM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8<

OEV\BPEC ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8;

KXELKIEBABDEC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8>

FACVENEFCFEÖM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 84

KVS[EWBNPKMEC XCPCMBELK7

KVS[EWBNPKMEC FC\C\ÖMEFC7

KVS[EWBNPKMEC LKVBPDCMEWCLC B OK@KNPÅMEFC

KVS[EWBNPKMEC EMLENKPKMFECLC7

KVS[EWBNPKMEC PKVEL[CA7

KVS[EWBNPKMEC VEIXAK7

K\EBABDÉC U XC\BDKMEC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85

VÉM\BICV --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33

LECDMBV\EFB --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36

\PC\CIEKM\B------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3>

 CM\EXVEFÖ\EFBV 

AC XVEFB\KPCXEC7

PKOC@EAE\CFEÖM XVEFBVBFECA7

FBMFA[VEBMKV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 03

@E@AEBDPCNÉC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 3

EM\PBL[FFEÖMAc kvs{ewbnpkmec kv xpb`c`akikm|k ka |pcv|bpmb ikm|ca iãv cmd{v|ebvb k

emfcxcfe|cm|k s{k kev|k- Abv xpeikpbv vedmbv lk ac kvs{ewbnpkmec |ekmlkm c

lkfacpcpvk km ac clbakvfkmfec b ca fbiekmwb lk ac klcl cl{a|c- Abv vém|bicv vbm

fbmn{vbv u x{klkm pkv{a|cp cacpicm|kv xcpc ac ncieaec u abv ciedbv-

Acv xkpvbmcv fbm kvs{ewbnpkmec v{npkm |pcv|bpmbv km v{v xpbfkvbv lk

xkmvciekm|b s{k xpbl{fkm ca{femcfebmkv! lkaepebv! xkmvciekm|b lkvbplkmclb u

nbpicv xkf{aecpkv lk oc`acp b lk fbixbp|cpvk- Abv vém|bicv cnkf|cm c ac fcxcfelcl

lka emle~el{b lk pkacfebmcpvk fbm abv lkiãv! u c ikm{lb acv xkpvbmcv fbm

kvs{ewbnpkmec vk cxcp|cm lka i{mlb s{k akv pblkc-

Ca fbm|pcpeb lk ab s{k ac dkm|k xekmvc! abv emle~el{bv s{k v{npkm kvs{ewbnpkmec

mb |ekmkm ‑lb`ak xkpvbmcaelcl’- V{kak fpkkpvk |ci`eåm s{k abv kvs{ewbnpåmefbv vbm

xkaedpbvbv- Lk okfob! x{klkm aakdcp c vkpab! xkpb ac icubpéc lk acv ~kfkv vöabl{pcm|k ac ncvk cd{lc lk ac kmnkpiklcl- Ab fekp|b kv s{k acv xkpvbmcv fbm

kvs{ewbnpkmec |ekmkm i{focv iãv xpb`c`eaelclkv lk vkp ~éf|eicv lk cf|bv ~ebakm|bv

b lkaef|e~bv s{k lk fbik|kpabv-

Ac kvs{ewbnpkmec kv {mc kmnkpiklcl ~e|caefec u ac icubpéc lk abv xcfekm|kv

mkfkve|cpã |pc|ciekm|b l{pcm|k ka pkv|b lk v{ ~elc- Kaab vedmenefc s{k xkplkpãm

bxbp|{melclkv xpbnkvebmcakv! pkacfebmkv kv|c`akv u ciev|clkv- Lk`elb c ac nca|c lk

fbixpkmveöm x÷`aefc! acv xkpvbmcv fbm kvs{ewbnpkmec c ikm{lb vk vekm|km cevaclcv

u kv|edic|ewclcv u x{klkm ibv|pcpvk pkcfecv c oc`acp lk v{ lbakmfec b vkp

emfcxcfkv lk ocfkpab-C xkvcp lk ac cxcpefeöm lk m{k~bv iklefcikm|bv fbm knkf|bv vkf{mlcpebv

ikmbv npkf{km|kv u dpc~kv! vöab {mc lk fclc femfb xkpvbmcv vk ‑pkf{xkpc’ lk ac

kmnkpiklcl! u {mb lk fclc lekw xcfekm|kv lk kvs{ewbnpkmec vk v{efelc-

Ac kvs{ewbnpkmec kv cmd{v|ebvc xcpc |blcv acv xkpvbmcv eixaefclcv- Abv

xcfekm|kv v{npkm lk {m c`vba{|b lkv`cpc|ciekm|b lk v{v ~elcv- Ac ncieaec u abv

ciedbv |ci`eåm vk ~km dpc~kikm|k cnkf|clbv u cnaedelbv xbp abv knkf|bv s{k ac

kvs{ewbnpkmec fc{vc km v{ vkp s{kpelb u xbp ac fcpdc lk |kmkp s{k c|kmlkpak- Ocfkp

npkm|k c abv vém|bicv lk ac kvs{ewbnpkmec x{klk vkp kvxkfecaikm|k lenéfea xcpc abv

xcpekm|kv u ciedbv s{k pkf{kplcm föib kpc v{ vkp s{kpelb cm|kv lk fckp kmnkpib-

C xkvcp lk acv xp{k`cv s{k lki{kv|pcm ab fbm|pcpeb! i{focv xkpvbmcv ved{km

fpkukmlb s{k ac kvs{ewbnpkmec kv|ã fc{vclc xbp ac nca|c lk fcpeób lk abv xclpkv b

{mc kvfcvc n{kpwc lk ~ba{m|cl- Mclc iãv akgbv lk ac ~kplcl-

Ac kvs{ewbnpkmec kv {mc kmnkpiklcl fbixakgc u abv fekm|énefbv fpkkm s{k kv|ã

fc{vclc xbp {mc vkpek lk ncf|bpkv lenkpkm|kv s{k cf|÷cm ca {mévbmb- Lefobv ncf|bpkv

emfa{ukm7 emna{kmfecv dkmå|efcv! |pc{icv /akvebmkv% km ka fkpk`pb l{pcm|k ka xcp|b b

xbfb lkvx{åv lka mcfeiekm|b! cvé fbib abv knkf|bv lka cevaciekm|b vbfeca ub ac

|kmveöm- Km cad{mbv fcvbv! ka {vb lk fekp|cv lpbdcv! fbib ka fcmmc`ev! x{klk vkp

|ci`eåm b|pb ncf|bp fbclu{~cm|k- Mb b`v|cm|k! xbp cobpc ved{k vem elkm|enefcpvk

memd÷m ncf|bp emle~el{ca fbib ÷mefb fc{vcm|k lk ac kvs{ewbnpkmec-

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 0

Ac kvs{ewbnpkmec cnkf|c ca 3 ö 0 xbp fekm|b lk acv xkpvbmcv- Ac lbakmfec kv|ã

xpkvkm|k km |blb ka i{mlb u v{ emfelkmfec /kv lkfep! ka m÷ikpb lk fcvbv lk ac

kmnkpiklcl% kv xcpkfelc km xcévkv u f{a|{pcv lenkpkm|kv- Obi`pkv u i{gkpkv

xpkvkm|cm ka ievib pekvdb lk lkvcppbaacp ka |pcv|bpmb! xkpb iekm|pcv ac kmnkpiklcl

|ekmlk c lkfacpcpvk km abv obi`pkv km|pk abv 3> u abv 0; cóbv lk klcl! ac icubpéclk acv i{gkpkv kixekwc c |kmkp vém|bicv km|pk abv 0; u abv 68 cóbv-

Ve vk |bicm pkd{acpikm|k u fbmnbpik c ab xpkvfpe|b! abv nãpicfbv u b|pbv

|pc|ciekm|bv fbm|pc ac kvs{ewbnpkmec x{klkm cu{lcp c pkl{fep u fbm|pbacp abv

vém|bicv- Mb b`v|cm|k! km cad{mcv xkpvbmcv abv |pc|ciekm|bv levxbme`akv mb v{p|km

knkf|b! b x{klk s{k abv xcfekm|kv abv em|kpp{ixcm cm|kv lk |ekixb lk`elb c knkf|bv

vkf{mlcpebv lkvcdpclc`akv! fbib ka c{ikm|b lk xkvb! b xbp em|bakpcmfec c ac

iklefcfeöm- Emfa{vb f{cmlb ka |pc|ciekm|b kv knefcw! abv xcfekm|kv c ikm{lb

kmf{km|pcm lenéfea vkd{epab lk nbpic fbm|em{clc- Ac xåplelc lk bxbp|{melclkv

ac`bpcakv! ka kv|edic vbfeca u abv vém|bicv ub knkf|bv vkf{mlcpebv pkf{ppkm|kv

x{klkm cfcppkcp lenef{a|clkv k eixklep c abv xcfekm|kv aak~cp {mc ~elc mbpica-

Ka c`{vb lk lpbdcv kv {mc xpkbf{xcfeöm oc`e|{ca km|pk abv ncieaecpkv lka

kmnkpib- Cad{mbv fbmv{ielbpkv lk kv|{xkncfekm|kv i{kv|pcm vém|bicv i{u

veieacpkv c abv lk abv kvs{ewbnpåmefbv! u c ikm{lb abv kmnkpibv lk kvs{ewbnpkmec

vbm |biclbv xbp lpbdblkxkmlekm|kv- Clkiãv! acv xkpvbmcv fbm kvs{ewbnpkmec

v{kakm c`{vcp lka cafboba ub acv lpbdcv u x{klkm pkcffebmcp i{u ica cm|k

lk|kpiemclbv kv|{xkncfekm|kv- Ka fbmv{ib lk lpbdcv x{klk pkl{fep |ci`eåm ac

knefcfec lka |pc|ciekm|b-

Kv|ei{acm|kv fbib acv cmnk|ciemcv u ac fbfcémc b lpbdcv fbib ac icpeo{cmc u

ac XFX x{klkm xpb~bfcp xpb`akicv dpc~kv u {m kixkbpciekm|b lk abv vém|bicv- Kafbmv{ib lk kv|{xkncfekm|kv x{klk pkl{fep |ci`eåm acv xpb`c`eaelclkv lk s{k abv

xcfekm|kv vedcm ka xacm lk |pc|ciekm|b pkfbikmlclb xbp ka iålefb-

Ac nbpic iãv oc`e|{ca lk c`{vb lk lpbdcv s{k vk oc b`vkp~clb km acv

xkpvbmcv fbm kvs{ewbnpkmec kv ac cleffeöm c ac mefb|emc fbib fbmvkf{kmfec lka

fbmv{ib lk |c`cfb- Abv kmnkpibv lk kvs{ewbnpkmec vbm |pkv ~kfkv iãv xpbfae~kv c

n{icp s{k ka pkv|b lk ac xb`acfeöm- Mb b`v|cm|k! ac pkacfeöm km|pk ka |c`cfb u ac

kvs{ewbnpkmec kv fbixakgc u n{icp |ekmlk c em|kpnkpep km ac pkvx{kv|c lka xcfekm|k c ac

iklefcfeöm- Kaab vedmenefc s{k {m xcfekm|k s{k n{ic x{klk mkfkve|cp lbvev iãv

kak~clcv lk iklefcfeöm cm|exvefö|efc-

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 6

AC KVS[EWBNPKMECFkfeaec! i{gkp lk 66 cóbv! fcvclc! iclpk lk 6 oegbv /34! 3> u 5 cóbv pkvxkf|e~cikm|k%- Kdpkvclc lk xklcdbdéc! ‑kmnkpiö’ l{pcm|k kvkxpbfkvb! ab s{k vedmenefö mb |kpiemcp v{ fcppkpc- Acv fpevev ac aak~cpbm c c`cmlbmcp v{ fcppkpc u c xkplkp v{ ncieaec! icpelb vk vkxcpc lk kaac u Fkfeaec xekplk c v{v oegbv- Kaac kv lecdmbv|efclc fbib Kvs{ewbnpåmefc k em|kpmclc km Obvxe|ca xves{eã|pefb /[me~kpvelcl lk Foeak! C~- Ac Xcw!Pkfbak|c! Vcm|ecdb lk Foeak%- Xkpicmkfk lbv ikvkv! em|kpmclc!cicppclc c v{ fcic xbp ~cpeclbv u vev|kiã|efbv em|km|bv lk cdpkveöm c b|pbv em|kpmbv s{k vk cfkpfcpcm c v{ fcic! u xbp oc`kp |pc|clb lk 

v{efelcpvk |epãmlbvk xbp acv ~km|cmcv lk v{ xekwc /km ca|{pc%- Vem pkvba{feöm lk a ‑fcvb’ kv lkpe~clc c ncieaecpkv xcpc s{k ac f{elkm!lkgcmlb f{xb c kmnkpibv fbm icubp xpb`c`eaelcl lk ikgbpéc- Icpelb!lepkf|bp lk fbakdeb u ca f{elclb lk v{v 6 oegbv! lkfelk mb cfkx|cpac-Fkfeaec kv pkfe`elc xbp v{ iclpk! u xkpicmkfk km {mc oc`e|cfeöm kmfkppclc xbp fkpfc lk 0 cóbv- Vk cfkm|÷c km kaac fbac|kpcaikm|k {m |pcv|bpmb cm|evbfeca! mb xkpie|ekmlb ka fbm|cf|b! kvfcvcikm|k vk ~emf{ac fbm v{v oegbv u c v{ /k% icpelb 

[mc xcp|ef{acpelcl lk ac kvs{ewbnpkmec kv s{k mb vk vc`k s{eåm kv xpbxkmvc cv{npepac! ocv|c s{k nemcaikm|k vk xpkvkm|c ac vem|bic|babdéc u vk xkpfe`km km acv

xkpvbmcv fci`ebv km v{ xkpfkxfeöm- Ka fcvb lk Fkfeaec! kv {mb lk abv |cm|bv fcvbv

km lbmlk ac xkpvbmc aak~c {mc ~elc mbpica u vem fbixaefcfebmkv ocv|c s{k

‑kmnkpicm’! vekmlb {mc kmnkpiklcl lk~cv|clbpc! xbp acv fbmvkf{kmfecv vb`pk ka

xcfekm|k u v{ km|bpmb! |kmekmlb {mc cxcpefeöm km|pk ka 8-; u ka 3+ lk ac xb`acfeöm

/emfelkmfec lk 33888 oc`e|cm|kv%

Ac kvs{ewbnpkmec oc velb lkvfpe|c lkvlk ac cm|edñklcl! xkpb kv pkfeåm fbm abv

emefebv lka fbmbfeiekm|b fekm|énefb /vedab _^EE% s{k kv b`vkp~clc- Km ac cf|{caelcl ac

fbixpkmveöm lk kv|c kmnkpiklcl fbppk lk nbpic xcpcakac ca c~cmfk lka

fbmbfeiekm|b lka n{mfebmciekm|b lka fkpk`pb-

Ac kvs{ewbnpkmec kv {mc kmnkpiklcl ikm|ca fbm ~cpeklcl lk vém|bicv! vem

ki`cpdb kv|c kmnkpiklcl mb xpbl{fk memd{mc vkxcpcfeöm lk ac xkpvbmcaelcl- Ac

kvs{ewbnpkmec cxcpkfk km ka em|kpebp lk m{kv|pb fkpk`pb km lbmlk vk kmf{km|pc {mcv

v{v|cmfecv s{éiefcv aaciclcv mk{pb|pcmvievbpkv s{k vbm abv s{k |pcmvie|km abv

ikmvcgkv s{k pkfe`eibv b icmlcibv-

Ac kvs{ewbnpkmec kv vem l{lc {mc kmnkpiklcl fbixakgc |cm|b lkvlk ka ãi`e|b

faémefb fbib lk ac em~kv|edcfeöm! u kv {m |pcv|bpmb s{k i{kv|pc {mc fbmvelkpc`ak

ok|kpbdkmkelcl km ~cpecv lk v{v fcpcf|kpév|efcv `ãvefcv! xpkvkm|cmlb ~cpec`eaelcl km

ac xpkvkm|cfeöm faémefc! f{pvb lk ac kmnkpiklcl u pkvx{kv|c ca |pc|ciekm|b! |cm|bncpicfbaödefb fbib xvefbvbfeca-

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc <

LKNEMEFEÖM

Ac xcac`pc kvs{ewbnpkmec xpb~ekmk lka dpekdb vjewb ! bpedkm lka ac|ém kvfemlkpk!s{k vedmenefc kvfeveöm! levbfecfeöm- Cf|{caikm|k ac lknemefeöm lk kvs{ewbnpkmec vk

cxaefc |cm|b xcpc meóbv fbib xcpc cl{a|bv! vekmlb {m lecdmbv|efb xves{eã|pefb

cxaefclb km xkpvbmcv s{k xpkvkm|cm |pcv|bpmbv ikm|cakv fpömefbv! s{k pks{ekpk ac

xpkvkmfec lk vém|bicv xvefö|efbv u ac mb cls{evefeöm lka me~ka lk lkvcppbaab vbfeca-

Vk lknemkm fbib {m vémlpbik s{k xpkvkm|c {mc vkpek lk vém|bicv xbve|e~bv u

mkdc|e~bv fcpcf|kpewclbv xbp {m lk|kpebpb km ka lkvkixkób ac`bpca! vbfeca u lk acv

pkacfebmkv em|kpxkpvbmcakv! xcpc ab s{k lk`km kv|cp xpkvkm|kv xbp ab ikmbv vkev

ikvkv abv vém|bicv lk kv|c kmnkpiklcl-

Ac kmnkpiklcl vk fcpcf|kpewc xbp xpkvkm|cp lev|bpvebmkv n{mlcikm|cakv km ka

xkmvciekm|b! ac xkpfkxfeöm u acv kibfebmkv! iekm|pcv s{k ac fbmfekmfec u ac

fcxcfelcl em|kakf|{ca vk fbmvkp~c: vem ki`cpdb! fbm ka xcvb lka |ekixb x{klkm

xpkvkm|cpvk lånefe|v fbdme|e~bv- V{ f{pvb kv i{u ~cpec`ak! vekmlb km {m xpemfexebcd{lb b emvelebvb! ka f{ca mb kv mkfkvcpecikm|k lk|kpebpcm|k! c{ms{k kv|k cvxkf|b

vk xpkvkm|c km ac icubpéc lk abv fcvbv-

Ac klcl lk cxcpefeöm kv|ã fbixpkmlelc km|pk abv 3; u abv <; cóbv! c{ms{k

v{kakm fbikmwcp ca nemca lk ac clbakvfkmfec! |ci`eåm ocu fcvbv lk cxcpefeöm km ac

emncmfec! s{k v{kakm kmicvfcpcpvk fbm xpb`akicv kvfbacpkv b ica fbixbp|ciekm|b-

S{ekm v{npk lk kvs{ewbnpkmec kxkpeikm|c {mc lev|bpveöm lk abv xkmvciekm|bv u

vkm|eiekm|bv- Ab s{k fcpcf|kpewc c ac kvs{ewbnpkmec kv s{k cnkf|c c ac xkpvbmc lk

{mc nbpic |b|ca! xbp ab s{k s{ekm ac xclkfk fbiekmwc c vkm|ep! xkmvcp u oc`acp lk

nbpic lenkpkm|k c fbib ab ocféc cm|kv- Lefoc xkpvbmc x{klk kixkwcp c kv|cpk|pcóc iãv cevaclc! x{klk k~e|cp vcaep fbm ciedbv! l{kpik xbfb b lkicveclb!

oc`ak vbab b vk péc vem ib|e~b cxcpkm|k /c{ms{k kv|bv vém|bicv mb |ekmkm xbp s{å

cxcpkfkp km |blbv abv xcfekm|kv-%

Kv i{u eixbp|cm|k mb ba~elcp s{k ac xkpvbmc s{k |ekmk {mc kvs{ewbnpkmec mb

x{klk kxaefcp ab s{k ak kv|ã v{fklekmlb! |ekmk ieklb lk ocfkpab b lk fpkkp s{k kv|ã

kmnkpib u xbp ab |cm|b mb xklepã cu{lc me vk s{kgcpã km ac icubpéc lk abv fcvbv lk

ab s{k ak v{fklk- Xbp |blb kv|b ac icubp xcp|k lk kaabv u vb`pk |blb ca fbiekmwb lk

ac kmnkpiklcl mb cfkx|cm |bicp iklefcfeöm me cf{lep ca kvxkfecaev|c-

OEV\BPEC

Kv lenéfea kmfbm|pcp km abv ae`pbv lk oev|bpec lk ac xves{ec|péc abv emefebv lk ac

kvs{ewbnpkmec fbib {mc kmnkpiklcl lenkpkm|k lk acv b|pcv km acv åxbfcv pkib|cv!

uc s{k ac mbikmfac|{pc u lkvfpexfeöm kixakclcv! vbab mbv xkpie|km kmfbm|pcp

vém|bicv s{k km ac cf|{caelcl xblpécm fbppkvxbmlkp c kv|c kmnkpiklcl- Vem

ki`cpdb! oc velb b`gk|b lk kv|{leb xbp m{ikpbvbv iålefbv! xveföabdbv! neaövbnbv!

vcfkplb|kv u cp|ev|cv c |pc~åv lka |ekixb-

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc ;

Uc km ka cób lk 3<88 C-F- km ka Cu{p)^klc lk ac cm|ed{c emlec vk lkvfpe`k {mc

fbmlefeöm s{k xblpéc fbppkvxbmlkp c ac cf|{ca kvs{ewbnpkmec u xcpc ac s{k

pkfbikmlc`c "ikle|cfeöm" u "|åfmefcv lk kmfcm|ciekm|b" xcpc v{ |pc|ciekm|b-

L{pcm|k ac Klcl Cm|ed{c u ocv|c ka vedab _E_! mb bf{ppk mclc vb`pkvcaekm|k km

ka fcixb lk ac kvs{ewbnpkmbabdéc-Km ka cób lk 3?;>! Ibpka s{k n{k {m fbm|kixbpãmkb lk Jpkxkaem! em|pbl{fk ka

|åpiemb lkikmfec xpkfbw! xcpc fc|cabdcp c {m clbakvfkm|k s{k kpc `peaacm|k cf|e~b u

s{k a{kdb vk ~ba~eö cevaclb! cxã|efb u fcaaclb-

Km ka cób 3?>?! vk em|pbl{fk ka |åpiemb fc|c|bmec xcpc lkvedmcp {m f{clpb

faémefb km ka s{k xpklbiemc ac |kmveöm ib|bpc /i{vf{acp% u s{k xbvkk lbv ncvkv7 {mc

kv|{xbpbvc b emoe`elc /kv|{xbp fc|c|ömefb% u b|pc kfe|clc /cde|cfeöm fc|c|ömefc%- Kv

kv|k ievib cób s{k Vcmlkp em|pbl{fk ka |åpiemb xcpcmbec xcpc fc|cabdcp c {m dp{xb

lk xkpvbmcv km acv s{k vb`pkvcakm vkm|eiekm|bv lk vkp xkpg{lefclbv! ica|pc|clbv!

xkpvkd{elbv b o{ieaaclbv-

Km 3?48! Okfjkp em|pbl{fk ka |åpiemb ok`knpkmec xcpc lkvfpe`ep {m f{clpb lk

emefeb km ac clbakvfkmfec! km lbmlk ocu {mc xkp|{p`cfeöm ikm|ca u s{k

kppkieve`akikm|k fbml{fk ca lk|kpebpb lka emle~el{b-

Km 3?5>! Jpkxkaem {|eaewc m{k~cikm|k ka |åpiemb lkikmfec xpkfbw u ocfk {mc

lkvfpexfeöm lk kv|c fbmlefeöm ikm|ca f{uc lkvfpexfeöm c÷m |ekmk ~edkmfec km ac

cf|{caelcl- Xbmk lk icmenekv|b v{ emefeb |kixpcmb! v{ k~ba{feöm ocfec ka lk|kpebpb u

v{ bxbvefeöm c ac xvefbvev icmecfb)lkxpkve~c km lbmlk åv|k mb kev|k7 Elkm|enefc |pkv

v{`dp{xbv7 xcpcmbelk! fc|c|ömefc u ok`knpåmefc-

Km 3533! @ak{akp em|pbl{fk ka |åpiemb kvs{ewbnpkmec xcpc v{v|e|{ep ca lk

lkikmfec xpkfbw uc s{k åv|k vk fbmvelkpö emkcf|b xbps{k mb vekixpk fbml{fk calk|kpebpb u ka ievib Jpkxkaem cfkx|c`c s{k {m 36+ vk pkf{xkpc`cm- Kvs{ewbnpkmec

vedmenefc ikm|k le~elelc /ikm|k kvfemlelc%! xbmekmlb {m åmncvev icubp km ac

npcdikm|cfeöm lk ac xkpvbmcaelcl s{k km ac k~ba{feöm- Xcpc @ak{lkp ac kvs{ewbnpkmec

kpc ac kmnkpiklcl lk f{c|pb Ckv7 c{|evib! ci`e~cakmfec! cvbfecfebmkv accv u knkf|b

emfbmdp{km|k-

Km 3566! Jcvcmem em|pbl{fk ka |åpiemb kvs{ewbcnkf|e~b xcpc lkvedmcp {m dp{xb

lk kvs{ewbnpkmecv km acv s{k clkiãv lka |pcv|bpmb nbpica lk xkmvciekm|b!

xpkvkm|cm ca|kpcfebmkv cnkf|e~cv eixbp|cm|kv |cm|b km ka vkm|elb lk ac icméc fbib

km ka lk ac lkxpkveöm-

Km 3565! Acmdnkal| ocfk lev|emfeöm km|pk xpbfkvb kvs{ewbnpåmefb s{k vedmenefc

xcpc åa emefeb |kixpcmb! {mc dpcm lkvbpdcmewcfeöm ikm|ca u {m f{pvb eppkieve`ak

ocfec ka lk|kpebpb u ac pkcffeöm kvs{ewbnpåmefc s{k fbmvev|k km {m f{clpb ikmbv

vk~kpb! fbm {mc xkpvbmcaelcl xpkiöp`elc iãv clkf{clc! ikgbp cg{v|k vbfeca u

ac`bpca u fcxcw lk pkie|ep xcpfeca b |b|caikm|k vem fbml{fep c {m lk|kpebpb xpbdpkve~b-

Km 35<5-! Xbac|ém em|pbl{fk ka |åpiemb xvk{lbmk{pö|efc xcpc lkvedmcp {m |exb

lk kvs{ewbnpkmec km acv s{k ka |pcv|bpmb lka xkmvciekm|b mb kpc c|cm vb`pkvcaekm|k!

xkpb vk ibv|pc`cm fbm {m npkm|k lk vém|bicv cmvebvbv s{k xblécm ocfkp xkmvcp km

{mc mk{pbvev lk cmveklcl xkpb s{k mb k~ba{febmc`cm fbib kaac-

Km 35;0 km ac xpeikpc klefeöm lka "Lecdmöv|ef cml V|c|ev|efca Icm{ca bn Ikm|ca

Levbplkpv lk ac Cvbfecfeöm Xves{eã|pefc Cikpefcmc vk facvenefc c ac kvs{ewbnpkmec

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc >

fbib "pkcffebmkv kvs{ewbnpåmefcv" u vk emfa{ukm abv |exbv7 veixak! |exb ok`knpåpefb!

fc|c|ömefb! xcpcmbelk! cd{lb emlenkpkmfeclb! fpömefb emlenkpkmfeclb! |exb kvs{ewb)

cnkf|e~b! |exb emncm|ea u |exb pkvel{ca-

KXELKIEBABDECL{pcm|k i{fob |ekixb vk oc lk`c|elb ve abv xcfekm|kv fbm kvs{ewbnpkmec

xbvkkm {mcv |cvcv lk ibp`eaelcl u ibp|caelcl icubpkv s{k acv lk ac xb`acfeöm

dkmkpca-

Vk ocm okfob dpcm fcm|elcl lk kv|{lebv c me~ka abfca k em|kpmcfebmca xcpc |kmkp

{mc emnbpicfeöm iãv xpkfevc lk fbixbp|ciekm|b lk kv|c kmnkpiklcl- Kv|{lebv

fbixcpc|e~bv km|pk le~kpvbv xcévkv ocm lkibv|pclb ac kev|kmfec lk fpe|kpebv

lecdmöv|efbv lenkpkm|kv! lecdmbv|efãmlbvk iãv |pcv|bpmbv cnkf|e~bv km K{pbxc u iãv

|pcv|bpmbv kvs{ewbnpåmefbv km Ciåpefc-Km ka cób lk 3546! ac Bpdcmewcfeöm I{mleca lk ac Vca{l x{`aefö ka pkxbp|k lka

kv|{leb xeab|b em|kpmcfebmca vb`pk kvs{ewbnpkmec km lbmlk vk kv|c`akfkm fpe|kpebv

lknemelbv xcpc ka lecdmöv|efb u acv fcpcf|kpév|efcv lk ac kmnkpiklcl km m{k~k xcévkv

lka i{mlb- Km kvk kv|{leb vk ~eb s{k ka |exb iãv npkf{km|k kv ka xcpcmbelk! vkd{elb

xbp ka kvs{ewb)cnkf|e~b u ka ok`knpåmefb-

Abv kv|{lebv lk xpk~cakmfec pkcaewclbv km Ciåpefc lka Mbp|k pk~kacm s{k lka

3-8 ca 3-5 xbp iea oc`e|cm|kv v{npkm lk kvs{ewbnpkmec cad{mc ~kw km v{v ~elcv-

Ac emfelkmfec /m÷ikpb lk fcvbv m{k~bv s{k cxcpkfkm km {m lk|kpiemclb

xkpeblb lk |ekixb% ~cpéc km|pk 8-6 c 3-0 xbp iea oc`e|cm|kv! xbp cób- C me~ka i{mleca

vk kv|eic s{k lk 8-6 c 3+ lk ac dkm|k v{npk ac kmnkpiklcl /Vbabibm! 354>%-

Km f{cm|b ca kv|clb fe~ea! vk mb|c s{k km acv xkpvbmcv s{k emdpkvcm xbp xpeikpc

~kw c abv obvxe|cakv fbm ka lecdmöv|efb lk kvs{ewbnpkmec kev|k {m ca|b xbpfkm|cgk lk

vba|kpbv! vkxcpclbv! le~bpfeclbv b ~e{lbv-

Vk fbmvelkpc s{k lk`elb c ac kmnkpiklcl! s{k eixaefc lenef{a|cl km acv

pkacfebmkv em|kpxkpvbmcakv u |kmlkmfec icpfclc ca cevaciekm|b! kv|cv xkpvbmcv

xpknekpkm s{klcpvk vba|kpbv b ve vk fcvcm! lk`elb c ac emfcxcfelcl lk cnpbm|cp acv

pkvxbmvc`eaelclkv u b`aedcfebmkv xpbxecv lka ic|peibmeb! vk xpkvkm|cm fbm icubp

npkf{kmfec vkxcpcfebmkv u le~bpfebv-

Ve vk |bic km f{km|c ac fbmlefeöm vbfeb)kfbmöiefc! vk b`vkp~c s{k ackvs{ewbnpkmec vk xpkvkm|c fbm iãv npkf{kmfec km ieki`pbv lk acv facvkv

vbfebkfbmöiefcv `cgcv! iekm|pcv s{k ac kmnkpiklcl icmecfb)lkxpkve~c ab ocfk km

acv ca|cv- Kv|k ocaacwdb vk x{klk kxaefcp xbp lbv oexö|kvev7 c% acv lenef{a|clkv

kfbmöiefcv u vbfecakv lk acv facvkv `cgcv nc~bpkfkm ac cxcpefeöm lk ac kmnkpiklcl

km {m emle~el{b dkmå|efcikm|k xpklevx{kv|b c kaac u `% ac kvs{ewbnpkmec kv iãv

npkf{km|k km ncieaecv u xbp ac mc|{pcakwc lkvbpdcmewcm|k k eixpbl{f|e~c lk ac ievic!

vk ~cm xkplekmlb pkf{pvbv kfbmöiefbv k em|kakf|{cakv s{k ocfkm s{k ~cucm

fcukmlb km {mc xb`pkwc fclc ~kw icubp-

B|pb ncf|bp vbfeca s{k emna{uk km abv émlefkv kv ac iedpcfeöm lk ac dkm|k! s{kocfk s{k åv|c vk pk{`es{k km b|pcv f{a|{pcv c acv s{k mb kv|ãm cfbv|{i`pclbv

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 4

dkmkpãmlbvk dpcm fcm|elcl lk kv|påv s{k x{klk fbml{fep c ac cxcpefeöm lk abv

vém|bicv lk ac kmnkpiklcl-

FACVENEFCFEÖM

Ac kvs{ewbnpkmec |ekmk lev|em|cv facvenefcfebmkv! kv|cv x{klkm vkp vkd÷m v{

vem|bic|babdéc! vem ki`cpdb kv lenéfea lk facvenefcp! km kv|c bxbp|{melcl ac

facvenefcfeöm vkpã iklecm|k ka LVI)E^)\P

C- Kvs{ewbnpkmec xcpcmbelk7 Jpcxkaem! n{k ka xpeikpb km elkm|enefcp c kv|k v{`|exb lk kvs{ewbnpkmec! vekmlb

ac iãv fbi÷m u ac s{k |ekmk {m ikgbp xpbmöv|efb c lenkpkmfec lk abv b|pbv!

fcpcf|kpewclb xbp ka xpklbiemeb lk elkcv lkaepcm|kv k|pc~cdcm|kv u

npcdikm|clcv /lk xkpvkf{feöm b lk xkpg{efeb% u ca{femcfebmkv! vb`pk |blbc{le|e~cv! kv|b bfcvebmc s{k ka xcfekm|k mb lenkpkmfek ac pkcaelcl u xbp kmlk

s{k ab fbm|pbak! nemcaikm|k bfcvebmcm {m lk|kpebpb lk ac xkpvbmcaelcl-

Clkiãv fbmvkp~c pkac|e~cikm|k v{ n{mfeöm fbdme|e~c u lka cnkf|b! mb

xpkvkm|cmlb akmd{cgk lkvbpdcmewclb! me fbixbp|ciekm|b fc|c|ömefb b

lkvbpdcmewclb! me cnkf|e~elcl cxacmclc b emcxpbxeclc- Npkf{km|kikm|k kv

cvbfeclc fbm epc! cmveklcl! |kmlkmfec c levf{|ep b ~ebakmfec! clkiãv vk x{klk

b`vkp~cp pedelkw! nca|c lk mc|{pcaelcl b ~kokikmfec k|pkic km acv

em|kpcffebmkv xkpvbmcakv- Kv ac iãv npkf{km|k! v{kak emefecpvk km|pk abv 08 u

68 cóbv! |kmekmlb {mc icubp lk emefeb! ikgbp cf|e~elcl xpkiöp`elc u ikgbp

k~ba{feöm c xkvcp lk ac k|kpebpelcl lka f{clpb! x{klkm lkvkixkócp

cf|e~elclkv ac`bpcakv ikgbp s{k abv xcfekm|kv cnkf|clbv xbp abv b|pbv v{`|exbv

lk kvs{ewbnpkmec u v{v xpb`c`eaelclkv lk fcvcpvk vbm icubpkv-

@- Kvs{ewbnpkmec fc|c|ömefc7 N{k km 3?4<! s{k Jcpa Jcoa`c{i {|eaewb ka |kpiemb fc|c|bméc xcpc lkvfpe`ep {m

|pcv|bpmb fbm vém|bicv ib|bpkv! vkmvbpecakv u ~kp`cakv fbib ~kp`edkpcfeöm!

i{|evib! mkdc|e~evib! ib~eiekm|bv kv|kpkb|exclbv! nake`eaelcl fåpkc u

leviem{feöm lk ac vkmve`eaelcl ca lbabp- Jpckxkaem u xbv|kpebpikm|k @ak{akp!

lknemekpbm c acv fc|c|bmec fbib {m |exb lk kvs{ewbnpkmec- Kv ka |exb lkkvs{ewbnpkmec s{k fcve mb kev|k km ac cf|{caelcl! u vk fcpcf|kpewc xbp

xpklbiemcp abv ved{ekm|kv vém|bicv7 Emib~eaelcl ib|bpc icmenkv|clc xbp

fc|cakxvec /emiö~ea% b kv|{xbp / mb pkvxbmlk c abv kv|éi{abv k|kpmbv%!

cf|e~elcl ib|bpc kfkve~c! mkdc|e~evib k|pkib /pkvev|kmfec% b i{|evib!

xkf{aecpelclkv lka ib~eiekm|b ~ba{m|cpeb icmenekv|cv xbp clbxfeöm lk

xbv|{pcv k|pcócv! ib~eiekm|bv kv|kpkb|exclbv! icmekpevibv icpfclbv

/xkplelc lk ac kvxbm|cmkelcl% b i{kfcv aacic|e~cv! kfbacaec /pkxk|efeöm

em~ba{m|cpec lk {mc xcac`pc% b kfbxpcec /pkxk|efeöm xbp eie|cfeöm lk

ib~eiekm|bv lk b|pcv xkpvbmcv%- Kv|k |exb lk kvs{ewbnpkmec |ekmk xpkvkmfeclk {mc cf{vclc ca|kpcfeöm xvefbib|bpc u |pcv|bpmbv ib|bpkv em{v{cakv! lbmlk

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc ?

ka xcfekm|k x{klk mkfkve|cp v{xkp~eveöm iålefc c fc{vc lk ac icam{|pefeöm!

cdb|ciekm|b! oexkpxepkec b c{|bakvebmkv- Kv|k |exb lk kvs{ewbnpkmec kv ac s{k

ikgbp pkvxbmlk ca kakf|pbvobfj! u mb vk vc`k xbps{k ib|e~b cm|ed{cikm|k

kpc i{u u npkf{km|k u obu km léc xpãf|efcikm|k oc lkvcxcpkfelb-

F- Kvs{ewbnpkmec lkvbpdcmewclc b ok`knpåmefcN{k lkvfpe|c xbp xpeikpc ~kw xbp Ktcal Okfjkp km 3?43 fbm ka |åpiemb

ok`knpkmec- Xpklbiemc ac ca|kpcfeöm lka cnkf|b! fbml{f|c b ka akmd{cgk lk

nbpic s{k xcpkfekpcm s{k ocucm pkdpkvclb c {m kv|cléb cm|kpebp emncm|ea! ka

kv|clb lk o{ibp kv c`v{plb! kev|k lkvemoe`efeöm km abv vkm|eiekm|bv- V{kakm

|kmkp fbixbp|ciekm|bv k|pcóbv! fbib pkép vem ib|e~b cxcpkm|k u pkcaewcp

i{kfcv- C ikm{lb i{kv|pcm nca|c lk em|kpåv u lk xcp|efexcfeöm u ocu fcvbv

km abv s{k vk icmenekv|cm ca{femcfebmkv u lkaepebv! c{ms{k kv|b mb kv {mc

fbmlefeöm kf{ãmeik km kv|k |exb lk kvs{ewbnpkmec ac icubpéc lk abv fcvbv abv

`pb|kv mb vbm facpcikm|k lkaeie|c`akv- V{kak xpkvkm|cpvk km klclkv

|kixpcmcv fbib kv ac x{`kp|cl /emv|c{pcfeöm xpbdpkve~c lk c`{aec!

cxacmciekm|b cnkf|e~b! lk|kpebpb lk abv oã`e|bv u lk|kpebpb fbdmbvfe|e~b%! xbp

kvb pkfe`km ka mbi`pk lk kvs{ewbnpkmecv g{~kmeakv k emfa{vb ocu fcvbv km abv

s{k ac kmnkpiklcl ~ekmk lk ac emncmfec /xvefbvev emncm|ea%- Kv npkf{km|k ka

fbixbp|ciekm|b emncm|eabelk b kv|÷xelb! vk cvbfec c ca|kpcfeöm vbfeca i{u

eixbp|cm|k! c xkpvbmcaelcl xpkiöp`elc u kixb`pkfelc u cf|e~elcl xb`pk c

acpdb xacwb-

L- Kvs{ewbnpkmec emlenkpkmfeclc7 Kv|k lecdmöv|efb vk cxaefc c cs{kaabv fcvbv s{k vekmlb ~kplclkpcv

kvs{ewbnpkmecv mb pk÷mkm acv fbmlefebmkv lk memd{mc lk acv |pkv nbpicv

cm|kpebpkv lk kvs{ewbnpkmec uc s{k xpkvkm|c {mc ikwfac icubp b ikmbp lk

abv lenkpkm|kv |exbv lk kvs{ewbnpkmec! u mb xpklbiemc {m vém|bic fbmfpk|b

xcpc ka lecdmöv|efb! kv fbib ac ikwfac lk acv b|pcv cm|kpebpkv- Abv vém|bicv

lk {m kxevbleb cd{lb v{kakm emfa{ep! km ac icubpéc lk fcvbv! xkplelc lk ac

pkcaelcl! ca{femcfebmkv! elkcv lkaepcm|kv! xkmvciekm|bv emfbmkbv u

fbm|pclef|bpebv! fci`ebv b xkplelc lk ac kib|e~elcl! fbixbp|ciekm|b obv|ea!

nca|c lk fbac`bpcfeöm ub cf|e|{l cdpkve~c ~kp`ca b névefcikm|k! nca|c lk

f{elclb km ka cvkb xkpvbmca u ca|kpcfebmkv km cxk|e|b u ka v{kób-

K- Kvs{ewbnpkmec pkvel{ca7 Kv ka kv|cleb nemca lk abv lev|em|bv |exbv lk kvs{ewbnpkmec! f{cmlb ocm xcvclb

i{fobv cóbv fbm ac kmnkpiklcl u xpklbiemcm abv vém|bicv xbp lk|kpebpb lk

fcxcfelclkv- Km kv|bv fcvbv lk`k oc`kp oc`elb! xbp ab ikmbv! {m kxevbleb

lk kvs{ewbnpkmec cm|kpebpikm|k! xkpb km ka ibikm|b cf|{ca mb ocu vém|bicv

xvefö|efbv eixbp|cm|kv u kv ac ncvk km ac s{k abv vém|bicv mkdc|e~bv vbm iãv

k~elkm|kv! c{ms{k mb vk icmenekv|c km |blbv abv kmnkpibv- Vk xpkvkm|c

c{vkmfec lk elkcv lkaepcm|kv! ca{femcfebmkv! akmd{cgk lkvbpdcmewclb u

fbixbp|ciekm|b lkvbpdcmewclb b dpc~kikm|k lkvbpdcmewclb- \ci`eåm

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 5

xpkvkm|c c{vkmfec lk vém|bicv lk ac ncvk cf|e~c /vém|bicv xvefö|efbv% xkpb ka

xcfekm|k i{kv|pc ki`b|ciekm|b kibfebmca! fbml{f|c kfåm|pefc!

xkmvciekm|bv eaödefbv u ak~k xkplelc lk acv cvbfecfebmkv-

N- Kvs{ewbnpkmec veixak7 Kv|k |exb vk kvs{ewbnpkmec vk emfa{éc km ka LVI)EE! u cf|{caikm|k vk emfa{uk km

ka cxåmlefk ` lka LVI)E^)\P xkpicmkfk km ac FEK)38- Kv i{u xbfb

npkf{km|k u abv vém|bicv xpemfexcakv vbm mkdc|e~bv! fcpcf|kpewclb xbp ka

lkvcppbaab emvelebvb lk {m fbixbp|ciekm|b k|pc~cdcm|k! emfcxcfelcl xcpc

vc|evncfkp acv lkicmlcv vbfecakv! leviem{feöm lka pkmleiekm|b u c{vkmfec lk

elkcv lkaepcm|kv b ca{femcfebmkv ~kplclkpcv-

Xcpc xpk~kmep acv pkfcélcv vk lk`k |bicp abv iklefcikm|bv cm|exvefb|efbv c

acv lbvev xpkvfpe|cv xbp ka iålefb- Em|km|cp s{k ka km|bpmb lka xcfekm|k vkc {m

cxbub vem xpkveöm- Kv eixbp|cm|k xpk~kmep abv `pb|kv xcpc s{k ka kmnkpib mb

v{npc |cm|b u ac ncieaec |cixbfb u xbps{k xcpkfk s{k lkvx{åv lk {mc pkfcélc

lk `pb|kv ka lk|kpebpb em|kakf|{ca vk ~c ocfekmlb icubp- 

K\EBABDÉC U XC\BDKMEC

Ac em~kv|edcfeöm lk ac k|ebabdéc u xc|bdkmec lk ac kvs{ewbnpkmec kv {mb lk abv

icubpkv pk|bv lk ac xves{ec|péc lk nemcakv lka vedab __- Ac kvs{ewbnpkmec kv {mc

kmnkpiklcl ok|kpbdåmkc lkvlk ka x{m|b lk ~ev|c faémefb u |ca ~kw vkpéc iãv fbppkf|b

oc`acp lk kvs{ewbnpkmecv u |blc~éc mb vk oc lkvf{`ekp|b s{k kv ab s{k aak~c c kv|c

kmnkpiklcl- Vk fpkk s{k cxcpkfk |pcv ac fbi`emcfeöm lk ncf|bpkv `ebaödefbv!xvefbaödefbv u f{a|{pcakv uc s{k ka ievib f{clpb faémefb x{klk vkp xpbl{felb xbp

lenkpkm|kv cdkm|kv fc{vcakv u {m ievib cdkm|k fc{vca x{klk bpedemcp f{clpbv

faémefbv lenkpkm|kv! clkiãv lk cnkf|cp ca 3+ lk ac xb`acfeöm dkmkpca km |blbv abv

xcévkv u cxcpkfk mbpicaikm|k km ac clbakvfkmfec b km ac icl{pkw |kixpcmc

Vk fpkk s{k ac fc{vc lk ac kmnkpiklcl vk lk`k c s{k acdb lk`k lk ncaacp km ka

fkpk`pb s{k x{klc kxaefcp kv|k |pcv|bpmb! xkpb lk`k vkp ~cpebv ncf|bpkv f{uc

fbi`emcfeöm lcpéc fbib pkv{a|clb ac kmnkpiklcl-

  Ca|kpcfebmkv km ac s{éiefc lka fkpk`pb Vk oc lkvf{`ekp|b {m lkvks{eae`peb km {mcv v{v|cmfecv /mk{pb|pcmvievbpkv%s{k vbm acv s{k xkpie|km c acv fåa{acv lka fkpk`pb /mk{pbmcv% fbi{mefcpvkfbppkf|cikm|k km|pk vé- Kv|ã xbp lkibv|pcp! vem ki`cpdb! ve kv|c kv {mcfc{vc b {mc fbmvkf{kmfec lk ac kmnkpiklcl- Lkm|pb lk kv|c ca|kpcfeöm vkkmf{km|pc ac ca|kpcfeöm lka `cacmfk lk ac lbxciemccfk|eafbaemc-

  Ca|kpcfebmkv km ac nbpic u ka n{mfebmciekm|b lka fkpk`pb Iklecm|k ka kixakb lk |åfmefcv iblkpmcv! fbib ka kvfãmkp! ac pkvbmcmfecicdmå|efc m{fakcp u ac |bibdpcnéc lk xbve|pbmkv! s{k xkpie|km ~kp fbm dpcmlk|caak ac nbpic lka fkpk`pb u v{ icmkpc lk |pc`cgcp! vk oc lkvf{`ekp|b s{klk|kpiemclcv xcp|kv lka fkpk`pb lka kvs{ewbnpåmefb |ekmkm {m |cicób iãv

pkl{felb u xpkvkm|cm cad{mcv aeie|cfebmkv km ka n{mfebmciekm|b fbmpkvxkf|b ca fkpk`pb lk {mc xkpvbmc vcmc- Km kv|{leb fbm xcfekm|kvcnkf|clbv lk {m xpeikp kxevbleb xvefö|efb! xcfekm|kv fbm {m |pcv|bpmb

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 38

xvefö|efb lk acpdc k~ba{feöm u xcfekm|kv fbm|pbakv! vk b`vkp~ö s{k kev|k{mc ca|kpcfeöm lka |cicób oexbnevcpeb! lk nbpic s{k km abv xcfekm|kv fbmkmnkpiklcl cf|e~c! kv|k vk kmf{km|pc c{ikm|clb! ab s{k v{dekpk s{kkev|k {mc cf|e~cfeöm lka kgk oexb|ãacib)oexbnevcpeb)clpkmca km acv ncvkvcf|e~cv lk ac kmnkpiklcl-

  Xpklevxbvefeöm dkmå|efc Kev|km i{focv xp{k`cv s{k lki{kv|pcm s{k ka pekvdb lk xclkfkp ackmnkpiklcl kv icubp f{cmlb km ac ncieaec kev|km cm|kfklkm|kv lk acievic! s{k km acv xkpvbmcv vem oev|bpec ncieaecp lk kvs{ewbnpkmec- Ve kaxclpk b ac iclpk ac xclkfécm! u f{cpkm|c ~kfkv icubp ve ci`bv kpcm

kvs{ewbnpåmefbv- Vekmlb ka pekvdb lk xclkfkpac lk 36+ u lk <>+ ve ci`bvxclpkv ac xclkfkm! u clkiãv s{k abv v{gk|bv fbm {m ncieaecp s{k xclkfkkvs{ewbnpkmec |ekmk iãv xbve`eaelclkv lk lkvcppbaacpac-

  Emnkffebmkv xbp ~ep{v Cf|{caikm|k vk aak~cm c fc`b kv|{lebv s{k em|km|cm lkibv|pcp ac xbve`akemna{kmfec lk cad{mcv emnkffebmkv xbp ~ep{v s{k xclkfkpéc ac iclpk l{pcm|kka ki`cpcwb u s{k bfcvebmcpéc {mcv xks{kócv akvebmkv km ka nk|b s{k! cfekp|c klcl! xpb~bfcpécm ka emefeb lk ac kmnkpiklcl- Fpbt vk xacm|kc acxbve`eaelcl s{k kev|ekpc km|pk {m ~ep{v akm|b fbm {mcv lk|kpiemclcvfcpcf|kpév|efcv! |cakv fbib {m |cicób km|pk ;8 u 388 mi! pkvev|km|k ca

fcabp u ca fabpbnbpib! u fbm fcxcfelcl xcpc emoe`ep ac vém|kvev lka CLM-  Fbixaefcfebmkv km ka xcp|b u b`v|å|pefcv Kv|c |kbpéc oc em|km|clb pkacfebmcp cad{mbv cffelkm|kv km ka ibikm|b lkamcfeiekm|b /|pc{ic|evibv! cvneec!…% fbm ac cxcpefeöm lk ac kmnkpiklclcóbv lkvx{åv- Km {m kv|{leb aak~clb c fc`b xbp Fcmmbm u Fbav /0880% vkb`vkp~ö s{k kev|écm lenkpkmfecv kv|clév|efcikm|k vedmenefc|e~cv km|pk abvxcfekm|kv kvs{ewbnpåmefbv u abv fbm|pbakv km7 lec`k|kv l{pcm|k ka ki`cpcwb!xkvb km ka mcfeiekm|b emnkpebp c 0888 d! pkcaewcfeöm lk {mc fkvãpkc lk{pdkmfec! icanbpicfebmkv fbmdåme|cv! c|bméc {|kpemc! emfbixc|e`eaelcl Po!cvneec! xåplelcv okiã|efcv l{pcm|k ka ki`cpcwb! xkvb km ka ibikm|b lkmcfeiekm|b emnkpebp c 0-;88d u xpkkfacixvec-

IBLKAB KV\PÅV)LEÃ\KVEV

Kv|k iblkab em|kdpc ncf|bpkv `ebaödefbv! xvefbvbfecakv u ci`ekm|cakv- Xbv|{acs{k {mc xkpvbmc x{klk |kmkp {mc ~{amkpc`eaelcl kvxkfénefc /leã|kvev% s{k! f{cmlb vkcf|e~c xbp cad÷m ncf|bp ci`ekm|ca kv|pkvcm|k! xkpie|k s{k cxcpkwfcm vém|bicv lkkvs{ewbnpkmec- Km ka iblkab kv|påv)leã|kvev iãv dkmkpca! ac leã|kvev b ka ncf|bpkv|pkvcm|k x{klkm vkp `ebaödefbv! ci`ekm|cakv b acv lbv fbvcv c ac ~kw-

Ka fbixbmkm|k ci`ekm|ca x{klk vkp |cm|b `ebaödefb /x- kg-! {mc emnkffeöm% fbibxvefbaödefb /x- kg-! {mc ve|{cfeöm ncieaecp kv|pkvcm|k b ac i{kp|k lk {m ncieaecpfkpfcmb%- Ac `cvk `ebaödefc lk {mc leã|kvev x{klk |bicp nbpic iklecm|k emna{kmfecv

kxedkmå|efcv fbib ka c`{vb lk v{v|cmfecv! ka kv|påv xvefbvbfeca u abv |pc{ic|evibv-NCF\BPKV @EBAÖDEFBV

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 33

Ac fc{vc lk ac kvs{ewbnpkmec mb vk fbmbfk- Mb b`v|cm|k! km ac xcvclc låfclcdpcm fcm|elcl lk em~kv|edcfebmkv ocm v{`pcuclb ka xcxka lk fekp|cv ãpkcv lkafkpk`pb km ac nevebxc|babdéc lka |pcv|bpmb! s{k emfa{ukm ka vev|kic aéi`efb! ka föp|knpbm|ca u abv dcmdaebv `cvcakv- Kv|cv |pkv ãpkcv kv|ãm xbp v{x{kv|b em|kpfbmkf|clcv!

fbm ab s{k ac levn{mfeöm lk {m ãpkc x{klk cnkf|cp ca n{mfebmciekm|b lk b|pcv- Lbv|exbv lk em~kv|edcfebmkv ocm eixaefclb ca vev|kic aéi`efb fbib ka ãpkcxb|kmfecaikm|k pkvxbmvc`ak lk ac xc|babdéc n{mlcikm|ca lk ac kvs{ewbnpkmec! ve mbkm v{ |b|caelcl! vé km dpcm xcp|k- Kv|bv lbv |exbv lk em~kv|edcfebmkv vbm acv `cvclcvkm acv |åfmefcv lk mk{pbeicdkm u acv `cvclcv km abv kãikmkv mk{pbxc|baödefbvxbv| ibp|ki lka |kgelb fkpk`pca-

Ka ibikm|b km s{k cxcpkfk {mc akveöm mk{pbxc|baödefc km ka fkpk`pb u acem|kpcffeöm km|pk ac akveöm u abv ncf|bpkv ci`ekm|cakv u vbfecakv vk ocm vbik|elb c{mc em~kv|edcfeöm i{u cf|e~c- Ac fc{vc lk s{k cxcpkwfc {mc ca|kpcfeöm x{klk vkp{m lkvcppbaab cmbpica b {mc lkdkmkpcfeöm lk acv mk{pbmcv |pcv ka lkvcppbaab-

Vem ki`cpdb! abv |köpefbv vk kmnpkm|cm ca okfob lk s{k km|pk dkikabv

ibmbfedö|efbv! ac |cvc lk levfbplcmfec kv lka ;8+! ab f{ca eixaefc ac kev|kmfec lk{mc em|kpcffeöm xbfb fbmbfelc km|pk ka ci`ekm|k u ka lkvcppbaab lk ac kvs{ewbnpkmec-[mc kxaefcfeöm ca|kpmc|e~c kv s{k c{ms{k abv dkikabv ibmbfedö|efbv xcp|km lk acievic emnbpicfeöm dkmå|efc! ac pkd{acfeöm lk ac kxpkveöm lka dkm fbib vk xpbl{fkxbp vkxcpclb c ab acpdb lk v{v ~elcv! x{klk vkp lenkpkm|k- Abv ncf|bpkv s{k pkd{acmac kxpkveöm lka dkm fbiekmwcm c fbmbfkpvk km kv|öv ibikm|bv: xbve`akikm|k! c|pc~åv lk {mc pkd{acfeöm dkmå|efc lenkpkmfeca! {m dkikab ibmbfedö|efb x{klklkvcppbaacp kvs{ewbnpkmec u ka b|pb mb-

EM\KDPCFEÖM LK ACV \KBPÉCV @EBAÖDEFCV

Acv xpemfexcakv ãpkcv eixaefclcv km ac kvs{ewbnpkmec vbm acv kv|p{f|{pcvaei`efcv- abv aö`{abv npbm|cakv u abv dcmdaebv `cvcakv- Ka |ãacib u ka |pbmfb fkpk`pca|ci`eåm vk ocm ~ev|b pkacfebmclbv lk`elb ca xcxka lka |ãacib fbib ikfcmevibem|kdpclbp u ca okfob lk s{k ka |pbmfb fkpk`pca u ka ikvkmfåncab vbm acv xpemfexcakv{`efcfebmkv xcpc acv mk{pbmcv ciemåpdefcv cvfkmlkm|kv- Mb b`v|cm|k- ka vev|kicaei`efb oc elb c|pcukmlb fclc ~kw iãv ac c|kmfeöm lk abv em~kv|edclbpkv- Xbpkgkixab- km {m kv|{leb fbm dkikabv fbm levfbplcmfec xcpc ac kvs{ewbnpkmec {|eaewö|cm|b ac pkvbmcmfec icdmå|efc fbib ac iklelc lka na{gb vcmd{émkb pkdebmca lkafkpk`pb-

Abv em~kv|edclbpkv oc`écm lk|kpiemclb xpk~ecikm|k s{k ka ãpkc oexbfãixefc

lk fcve |blbv abv dkikabv cnkf|clbv kpc ikmbp s{k ac lk abv mb cnkf|clbv- u s{k kmabv dkikabv cnkf|clbv vk b`vkp~c`c {m ikmbp emfpkikm|b lka na{gb vcmd{émkbfkpk`pca km ka föp|k xpknpbm|ca lbpvbac|kpca ca pkcaewcp cf|e~elclkv s{k eixaefc`cm{mc cf|e~cfeöm xvefbaödefc- Ka kv|{leb ocaaö {mc fbppkacfeöm km|pk kv|cv lbvcmbicaécv! ab s{k v{dkpepéc s{k abv lbv ocaacwdbv kv|c`cm pkacfebmclbv! c{ms{kcad÷m |kpfkp ncf|bp xbléc oc`kp cnkf|clb c ci`cv ~cpec`akv-

VÉM\BICV

Km dkmkpca abv vém|bicv lk ac kvs{ewbnpkmec vk facvenefcm fbib xbve|e~bv u mkdc|e~bv7

3- Vém|bicv xbve|e~bv7 vbm cs{kaacv icmenkv|cfebmkv s{k ka xcfekm|k ocfk b

kxkpeikm|c u s{k acv xkpvbmcv vcmcv mb v{kakm xpkvkm|cp- 

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 30

Ca{femcfebmkv7 vbm kmdcóbv lk abv vkm|elbv! xkpfkxfebmkv em|kpebpkv s{k vk

xpbl{fkm vem {m kv|éi{ab k|kpmb- Mb kv|ã km fbmlefebmkv lk pkfbmbfkp s{k

ab xkpfe`elb v{pdk ÷mefcikm|k lk v{v ~e~kmfecv em|kpebpkv u mb kv|ã xpkvkm|c

km ka i{mlb k|kpmb- ! X{klkm vkp lk |exb c{le|e~cv! |ãf|eakv! ~ev{cakv!d{v|c|e~cv u banc|e~cv-

Lkaepeb7 vk |pc|c lk {mc fbm~effeöm kppömkc lk bpedkm xc|baödefb s{k vk

icmenekv|c c xkvcp lk pcwbmkv fbm|pcpecv u vkmvc|cv- Ka cafcmfk fbm ac

pkcaelcl kv|ã pkv|pemdelb- Ka xcfekm|k ~k ka lkaepeb fbib ac ÷mefc pkcaelcl

~ãaelc- C{ms{k abv xpbxebv xkmvciekm|bv vbm fbm|pcpebv c acv akukv lk ac

aödefc! ka kmnkpib kv emcffkve`ak c kv|c b`gkfeöm- F{cmlb vk cl~ekp|k lk kv|k

kv|clb! c ~kfkv mb ocu s{k xkmvcp ka emefeb lk {m |pc|ciekm|b b ac

obvxe|caewcfeöm! uc s{k ac lkvkvxkpcmwc s{k x{klk aakdcp c xpbl{fep km ka

xcfekm|k ocfk s{k ocuc em|km|bv lk v{efeleb- |exbv7 xkpvkf{feöm! lk f{axc! lk

dpcmlkwc! pkaedebvb! vbiã|efb! lk pknkpkmfec

\pcv|bpmbv lka xkmvciekm|b7 ac icmkpc lk oc`acp v{kak lcpmbv emlefebv

vedmenefc|e~bv vb`pk ka xkmvciekm|b |pcv|bpmclb- Pkac|cm c ikm{lb s{k ocm

xkplelb fbm|pba vb`pk v{v xkmvciekm|bv! s{k kv|bv ak ocm velb v{v|pcélbv!

eix{kv|bv b s{k vbm lepedelb xbp k|pcóbv xblkpkv b n{kpwcv pkacfebmclbv fbm

ka akmd{cgk |kmkibv7 lkvfcppeaciekm|b! |cmdkmfecaelcl! eabdefcaelcl! xpkveöm lka

oc`ac! lev|pce`eaelcl- Km acv fpevev xvefö|efcv! kv|bv vém|bicv cm|kpebpkv

lkvfpe|bv x{klkm ep cfbixcóclbv lk7Vém|bicv xbve|e~bv km ka ãi`e|b lk vkm|eiekm|bv7 cmd{v|ec! kfe|c`eaelcl

Vém|bicv xbve|e~bv ~kdk|c|e~bv7 emvbimeb! xcaxe|cfebmkv! v{lbpkv!

icpkbv! |pcv|bpmbv dcv|pbem|kv|emcakv! |pcv|bpmbv pkvxepc|bpebv

Vém|bicv xbve|e~bv lk ac ib|pefelcl7 fbixbp|ciekm|b! cdpkve~b ub

cde|clb! ems{ek|{l fbpxbpca! ib~eiekm|bv k|pcóbv u c`v{plbv! fbml{f|c

pkxk|e|e~c- 

0- Vém|bicv mkdc|e~bv7 Km ac kvs{ewbnpkmec |ci`eåm ocu b|pc vkpek lk vém|bicv!

ikmbv cacpicm|kv xkpb s{k vk v{kakm fbmn{mlep fbib vedmbv lk xkpkwc b lk

ica fbixbp|ciekm|b! vbm abv aaciclbv vém|bicv mkdc|e~bv! abv f{cakv lk`km

vkp |pc|clbv km ac ievic iklelc s{k abv vém|bicv cf|e~bv b xbve|e~bv! kv|bv

vém|bicv cnkf|cm c |blbv abv ãi`e|bv7 vbfeca! ac`bpca! ncieaecp 

Xb`pkwc cnkf|e~c 7 Vk icmenekv|c fbib {m kixb`pkfeiekm|b lk ac kxpkveöm

lk kibfebmkv u vkm|eiekm|bv! leviem{uk ac fcxcfelcl kibfebmca: vk

icmenekv|c km cvxkf|bv lka fbixbp|ciekm|b fbib7 Kxpkveöm ncfeca emi{|c`ak7

ac fcpc xcpkfk okaclc! lk iclkpc! ikfãmefc-! Ib~eiekm|bv kvxbm|ãmkbv

leviem{elbv u kvfcvkw lk clkicmkv kxpkve~bv7 mb {vc acv icmbv xcpc

kxpkvcpvk! xkpicmkfk emiö~ea u vkm|clb---! Kvfcvb fbm|cf|b ~ev{ca7 x{klk

pko{ep iepcp c abv lkiãv! xkpicmkfk fbm ac iepclc k|pc~eclc! Emfbmdp{kmfec

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 36

cnkf|e~c7 ka cnkf|b kxpkvclb kv emcxpbxeclb- Vbmpék f{cmlb vk oc`ac lk

|kicv vkpebv- Pevc |bm|c! C{vkmfec lk emnakebmkv ~bfcakv7 ka oc`ac |ekmk {mc

fcaelcl ibmö|bmc u acv xcac`pcv eixbp|cm|kv mb kv|ãm kmnc|ewclcv xbp ikleb

lk fci`ebv lk |bmb lk ~bw b ~ba{ikm-

Cabdec 7 Vk pknekpk ca kixb`pkfeiekm|b lka xkmvciekm|b u lk ac fbdmefeöm- Vk

icmenekv|c c |pc~åv lk7 Xb`pkwc lka akmd{cgk7 pkv|peffeöm lk ac fcm|elcl lka

akmd{cgk kvxbm|ãmkb! acv pkvx{kv|cv vbm `pk~kv u pcpcikm|k ocu emnbpicfeöm

clefebmca! Xb`pkwc lka fbm|kmelb lka akmd{cgk7 c{ms{k acv pkvx{kv|cv vbm

acpdcv! ka fbm|kmelb kv xb`pk- Ka akmd{cgk kv ~cdb pkxk|e|e~b u kv|kpkb|exclb!

`abs{kb7 em|kpp{xfeöm lka akmd{cgk cm|kv lk s{k {m xkmvciekm|b b elkc ocuc

velb fbixak|clb- Lkvx{åv lk {m xkpeblb lk veakmfeb s{k x{klk l{pcp {mbv

vkd{mlbv mb x{klk pkfbplcp ab s{k kv|c`c lefekmlb b ab s{k s{kpéc lkfep!

Ac|kmfec lk pkvx{kv|c emfpkikm|clc7 ka xcfekm|k |cplc iãv |ekixb lk ab

mbpica km pkvxbmlkp c ac xpkd{m|c-

C`{aec   ‖Cxc|éc7  Ac c`{aec vk icmenekv|c fbib {mc nca|c lk kmkpdéc! lk

eix{avb- Ac cxc|éc kv ac nca|c lk em|kpåv- C lenkpkmfec lk ac nca|c lk kmkpdéc lk

ac lkxpkveöm! km ac kvs{ewbnpkmec kv pkac|e~cikm|k fpömefc u mbpicaikm|k mb

kv|ã cfbixcóclb lk {mc cnkf|e~elcl |pev|k- vk icmenekv|c km7 Xpb`akicv fbm

ka cvkb u ac oedekmk! Nca|c lk xkpvev|kmfec km ka |pc`cgb! kvf{kac b f{cas{ekp

b|pc |cpkc! Vkm|eiekm|b lk fcmvcmfeb! akm|e|{l! Xpbxkmveöm ca cdb|ciekm|b

névefb u ikm|ca-

Cmoklbmec  ‖ emvbfec`eaelcl7  Ac Cmoklbmec kv ac lenef{a|cl xcpc kxkpeikm|cp

em|kpåv b xacfkp xbp acv fbvcv s{k cm|kv ak d{v|c`c ocfkp b xbp acv cf|e~elclkv

mbpicaikm|k fbmvelkpclcv xacfkm|kpcv7 |ekmk xbfbv b memd÷m ob``ekv!

|ekmlkm c ibv|pcp {m lkfpkikm|b lk ac cf|e~elcl k em|kpåv vk{ca km n{mfeöm

lk ab s{k |kmlpéc vkp mbpica vkd÷m ac klcl u kv|clb lka ievib! x{klk

ibv|pcp emfcxcfelcl xcpc fpkcp pkacfebmkv xpöeicv k ém|eicv cxpbxeclcv

xcpc v{ klcl! vkb u kv|clb ncieaecp! Pkacfebmkv fbm ciedbv u vkikgcm|kv

pkv|pemdelcv- Ocfkm xbfb b memd÷m kvn{kpwb xcpc lkvcppbaacp lefocv

pkacfebmkv-

Xpb`akicv fbdme|e~bv lk ac c|kmfeöm7  Xpb`akicv km ac fbmfkm|pcfeöm u km

ac c|kmfeöm! Vöab kv fcxcw lk fbmfkm|pcpvk kvxbpãlefcikm|k! Vk lev|pck km

ikleb lk {mc cf|e~elcl b fbm~kpvcfeöm7 vk icmenekv|c km ve|{cfebmkv vbfecakv:

vk ak ~c ac iepclc! mb ved{k ka cpd{ikm|b lk {mc fbm~kpvcfeöm! ak em|kpkvc

xbfb ka |kic: Cfc`c `p{vfcikm|k {mc levf{veöm b |cpkc cxcpkm|k-

LECDMBV\EFB

Abv fpe|kpebv xcpc ka lecdmöv|efb lk ac kvs{ewbnpkmec vbm ~cpebv! k emfa{uk7

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 3<

Ca|kpcfebmkv xkpvev|km|kv l{pcm|k > ikvkv

Xpkvkmfec l{pcm|k iãv lk {m ikv lk cad{mb lk abv ved{ekm|kv vém|bicv7

ca{femcfebmkv! lkaepebv! lkvbpdcmewcfeöm km ka akmd{cgk! fbixbp|ciekm|b

fc|c|ömefb b icmenkv|cfebmkv emfa{elcv lkm|pb lk abv vém|bicv mkdc|e~bv

Vk `cvc km lbv xeacpkv n{mlcikm|cakv7

  Km|pk~ev|c faémefc7 ka iklefb cx{m|c |blb ab s{k ka kmnkpib lefk b ocfkKcikm lka kv|clb ikm|ca7 Km lbmlk vk |pc|c lk kv|c`akfkp ka dpclb lk xvefbxc|babdéc s{k vk

xpkvkm|c km ka ibikm|b lk ac km|pk~ev|c- Mb|cibv abv ved{ekm|kv7 i{kv|pcmxbfb em|kpåv xbp ac km|pk~ev|c u c ~kfkv vk bxbmkm pb|{mlcikm|k c kaac! a{fkmlev|pcélbv! fbm ac iepclc ~cdc b c ~kfkv k~e|cm ka fbm|cf|b ~ev{ca fbm kakm|pk~ev|clbp! lkvf{elclbv lk v{ cvxkf|b xkpvbmca! dkv|ef{acmlb b peåmlbvkvem ib|e~b! oc`acmlb xbp vkócv! x{klkm ibv|pcp {mc fbml{f|c i{u v{vxefcw!x{klkm kv|cp cde|clbv k ems{ek|bv! i{|ev|cv b emiö~eakv-

V{ pkac|b x{klk mb vkp fbmnec`ak xbps{k vk lk|kf|cm emfbmdp{kmfecv s{kcikpe|cm vkp cfacpclcv xbp cad÷m ncieaecp b ciedb- Km ka f{pvb lkxkmvciekm|b x{klkm kmfbm|pcpvk acv faãvefcv levdpkdcfebmkv s{k vbm kapkv{a|clb lk emfbokpkmfecv km acv elkcv! aakdcmlb ocv|c ac kmvcaclc lkxcac`pcv /akmd{cgk fcm|emnakwfb%-

X{lk kev|ep ka pb`b lka xkmvciekm|b km lbmlk vekm|km s{k vk s{klcm vemelkcv xbps{k cad{ekm vk acv pb`ö-

Km ka fbm|kmelb lka xkmvciekm|b vk kmf{km|pcm acv elkcv lkaepcm|kv! s{kx{klkm vkp lk |exb xcpcmbelk! iév|efb! pkaedebvb! lk dpcmlkwc! lk emna{kmfeck|pcóc! lk lkvxkpvbmcaewcfeöm b lk lkvpkcaewcfeöm- Km acv xkpfkxfebmkv!

x{klkm kev|ep ca{femcfebmkv c{le|e~cv /xpemfexcaikm|k%! ~ev{cakv! |ãf|eakv!femkv|åvefcv /vekm|km s{k v{ f{kpxb vk i{k~k em~ba{m|cpecikm|k b s{k nab|ckm ka kvxcfeb%! fkmkv|åvefcv b xpbxebfkx|e~cv /acv icmbv vk ak oefekpbm i{udpcmlkv! ac fcpc vk ak lknbpiö! kv ie|cl o{icmb u ie|cl cmeica% b lklkvem|kdpcfeöm föviefc! km lbmlk v{ f{kpxb nab|c lkviki`pclb km kakvxcfeb-

Ac bpekm|cfeöm km acv |pkv kvnkpcv dkmkpcaikm|k vk icm|ekmk- Ac ikibpeckv `{kmc! Ac fcxcfelcl lk c`v|pcffeöm /cmãaevev lk xpb~kp`ebv% kv icac- Acemnbpicfeöm dkmkpca kv `{kmc u lk cf{kplb c v{ me~ka kl{fc|e~b- Ocu xb`pkfcxcfelcl lk g{efeb fpé|efb ocfec ac pkcaelcl- Dkmkpcaikm|k mb ocu fbmvfekmfeclk kmnkpiklcl /emvedo|% b kev|k km nbpic xcpfeca uc s{k vk fpkk kmnkpib lk

cadb névefb- 

  \kv| xvefbaödefbv u kvfcacv lk ~cabpcfeöm s{k vep~km xcpc fbppb`bpcp kalecdmöv|efb-

\ci`eåm vk x{klk ocfkp cad{mc kxabpcfeöm fbixakikm|cpec-

Kcikm névefb7Kv xbfb pkak~cm|k- Dkmkpcaikm|k vk cxpkfecm ca|kpcfebmkv vkf{mlcpecv c

oexkpcf|e~elcl lka vev|kic veiã|efb fbib |cs{efcplec! oexkp|kmveöm cp|kpeca! x{xeacv

leac|clcv! xcaelkw dkmkpcaewclc- X{klkm kev|ep ca|kpcfebmkv ib|bpcv xpbxecv lka

fc|c|ömefb b dkv|ef{acfebmkv xpbxecv lka ok`knpåmefb-

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 3;

Kcikm mk{pbaödefb7Mb vk ~cm c kmfbm|pcp ca|kpcfebmkv dpbvkpcv km kv|k vkm|elb xkpb ve vk lk`km

`{vfcp abv aaciclbv vedmbv mk{pbaödefbv v{c~kv /s{k mb |ekmkm {mc {`efcfeöm

|bxbdpãnefc kvxkfénefc km ka fkpk`pb% u s{k vbm abv ved{ekm|kv7

  Xpkvkmfec lk ib~eiekm|bv km kvxkgb7 Fbmvev|km km s{k f{cmlb {mb bplkmc c{m xcfekm|k s{k i{k~c {mc k|pkielcl! {mc icmb! {m lklb b {m xek! vk

xpbl{fk {m ib~eiekm|b bx{kv|b km ac ievic xcp|k lka aclb fbm|pcac|kpca lka

f{kpxb-

  Lenef{a|cl xcpc lkfep |pc`cakmd{cv7 S{k vk kxabpc lefeåmlbak ca xcfekm|k s{k

pkxe|c lbv |pc`cakmd{cv {vclbv fbm npkf{kmfec-

  Fbmn{veöm lkpkfoc)ews{ekplc7 Ka kciemclbp! fbm v{v icmbv fp{wclcv km ka

|öpc ak emlefc ca xcfekm|k s{k fbm v{ icmb ews{ekplc |bs{k ac icmb ews{ekplc

lka kxabpclbp- Ve ocu lenef{a|cl xcpc abdpcp kv|b! vk fbmvelkpc s{k kv|ã

xpkvkm|k kv|k nkmöikmb-

  Ib~eiekm|bv i{vf{acpkv cmbpicakv km pkxbvb7  Vk ak xelk ca xcfekm|k s{k

  g{m|k v{v xekv! icm|kmdc ac fc`kwc kpd{elc! fbm abv bgbv fkppclbv! acv

k|pkielclkv v{xkpebpkv c ac ca|{pc lk abv obi`pbv u abv lklbv lk ci`cv

icmbv c`ekp|bv l{pcm|k {m iem{|b- Ve cxcpkfkm ib~eiekm|bv fbpkefbv km acv

k|pkielclkv v{xkpebpkv! fc`kwc! f{kaab b |pbmfb! vk fbmvelkpcm vedmbv

xbve|e~bv-

  Lenef{a|cl xcpc bxbmkp abv lklbv7 Lk {mc icmb ca x{adcp fbppkvxbmlekm|k-

  Lenef{a|cl km ac xpbmcfeöm)v{xemcfeöm ca|kpmc pkxk|e|e~c7 Vk ak xelk ca xcfekm|k

s{k dbaxkk ~cpecv ~kfkv ac xcaic lk v{ icmb lkpkfoc fbm ac xcaic lk ac

icmb ews{ekplc u s{k a{kdb ak lk ~{ka|c c ac icmb ews{ekplc u dbaxkk fbm kalbpvb lk kvc icmb! ac xcaic lk ac icmb lkpkfoc ~cpecv ~kfkv- A{kdb vk

ocfk ab ievib vb`pk ac xcaic lk ac icmb ews{ekplc-

  Lenef{a|cl xcpc pkcaewcp ib~eiekm|bv pkxk|e|e~bv7  Fbm abv xekv km nbpic lk

dbaxkcp ka xevb pkxk|e|e~cikm|k fbm ac x{m|c lk abv xekv |cm|b ka ews{ekplb!

fbib ka lkpkfob! fbib ci`bv vei{a|ãmkcikm|k-

Fpe|kpebv lecdmöv|efbv vkd÷m ka LVI)E^7Vém|bicv cnkf|e~bv

3-) Emkv|c`eaelcl cnkf|e~c lk`elc c {mc mb|c`ak pkcf|e~elcl lka kv|clb lkãmeib /x- kg-! kxevblebv lk em|kmvc levnbpec! eppe|c`eaelcl b cmveklcl! s{k v{kakml{pcp {mcv obpcv u pcpc ~kw {mbv lécv%-0-) Epc emcxpbxeclc k em|kmvc b lenef{a|clkv xcpc fbm|pbacpac /x- kg-! i{kv|pcvnpkf{km|kv lk ica dkmeb! kmnclb fbmv|cm|k! xkakcv névefcv pkf{ppkm|kv%-6-) Vkm|eiekm|bv fpömefbv lk ~cféb b em{|eaelcl- 

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 3>

Vém|bicv eix{ave~bv<-) Fbixbp|ciekm|bv! em|km|bv b cikmcwcv v{efelcv pkf{ppkm|kv bfbixbp|ciekm|b lk c{|bi{|eacfeöm- ;-) [m xc|pöm lk pkacfebmkv em|kpxkpvbmcakv emkv|c`akv k em|kmvcvfcpcf|kpewclb xbp k|pkibv lk elkcaewcfeöm u lk~ca{cfeöm-

>-) Eix{ave~elcl km ca ikmbv lbv ãpkcv s{k kv xb|kmfecaikm|k lcóemc xcpc véievib /x- kg-! dcv|bv! vkb! c`{vb lk v{v|cmfecv! fbml{ffeöm |kikpcpec!

c|pcfbmkv lk fbielc%- Mb|c7 mb emfa{ep abv fbixbp|ciekm|bv v{efelcv b lk

c{|bi{|eacfeöm s{k vk pkfbdkm km ka fpe|kpeb 

Vém|bicv em|kpxkpvbmcakv4-) Kvn{kpwbv npkmå|efbv xcpc k~e|cp {m c`cmlbmb pkca b eicdemclb- Mb|c7 mbemfa{ep abv fbixbp|ciekm|bv v{efelcv b lk c{|bi{|eacfeöm s{k vk pkfbdkm km kafpe|kpeb?-) Ca|kpcfeöm lk ac elkm|elcl7 c{|beicdkm b vkm|elb lk vé ievib cf{vclc u

xkpvev|km|kikm|k emkv|c`ak-Vém|bicv fbdme|e~bv5-) Elkcfeöm xcpcmbelk |pcmve|bpec pkacfebmclc fbm ka kv|påv b vém|bicv

levbfec|e~bv dpc~kv-

\PC\CIEKM\B

Ka |pc|ciekm|b lk ac kvs{ewbnpkmec lk`k

ocfkpvk vei{a|cmkcikm|k km abv |pkv me~kakv

lk xpk~kmfeöm s{k vk ocm kv|c`akfelb xcpc|blcv acv kmnkpiklclkv u s{k fbmvev|k km7

c% kaeiemcp abv vém|bicv {mc ~kw s{k vk

ocm xpkvkm|clb

`% xpk~kmep ac cxcpefeöm lk m{k~cv fpevev u

f% pkoc`eae|cp ca xcfekm|k xcpc nc~bpkfkp {m

ikgbp n{mfebmciekm|b dab`ca-

Xcpc ikgbpcp ac kvs{ewbnpkmec ocu |pkv

|pc|ciekm|bv lenkpkm|kv7 cm|exvefö|efbv!

xvefb|kpcxec u pkoc`eae|cfeöm xvefbvbfeca- 

CM\EXVEFÖ\EFBV

Abv cm|exvefö|efbv ocm fbmv|e|{elb ka xeacp xpemfexca lka |pc|cikem|b lk ac

kvs{ewbnpkmec lkvlk s{k km 35;0 vk em|pbl{gb ac fabpxpbicwemc /mk{pbaåx|efb ‑ma’

|ci`eåm aaciclbv cm|exvefö|efbv ‑cx’% lkvlk km|bmfkv acv iklefcfebmkv

xvefö|pbxefcv vk ocm fbm~kp|elb km ka xeacp lka |pc|ciekm|b xcpc ac kvs{ewbnpkmec u

b|pcv kmnkpiklclkv xves{eã|pefcv- M{ikpbvbv kv|{lebv ocm lbf{ikm|clb ac knefcfec

lk abv cm|exvefö|efbv km ka |pc|ciekm|b lk ac kvs{ewbnpkmec u lka ae|eb u abv

cm|elkxpkve~bv km ka |pc|ciekm|b lk abv |pcv|bpmbv cnkf|e~bv- Abv cm|exvefö|efbv b

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 34

mk{pbaåx|efbv ocm ibv|pclb v{ knefcfec |cm|b km ka |pc|ciekm|b cd{lb lk abv

vém|bicv xvefö|efbv fbib c me~ka lk pkfcélcv-

Xpb~ekmkm lk femfb ncieaecv s{éiefcv xkpb |blbv bnpkfkm abv ievibv knkf|bv

|kpcxå{|efbv- Mb ocu lenkpkmfec km ac knefcfec km|pk {m |exb lk cm|exvefö|efb npkm|k c

b|pb- Vöab dpcfecv c abv |pc|ciekm|bv ncpicfbaödefbv vk ocm c`ekp|b acv xbve`eaelclkvlk ac pkoc`eae|cfeöm u lk {mc ~{ka|c pãxelc ca km|bpmb vbfeca-

Ac kvs{ewbnpkmec ~c cfbixcóclc lk {mc ca|kpcfeöm lka ik|c`baevib fkpk`pca!

vk |pc|c lk {m n{mfebmciekm|b kfkve~b lk ac lbxciemc- Abv cm|exvefö|efbv `abs{kcm

ka knkf|b kfkve~b lk ac lbxciemc u pkv|c`akfkm ka ks{eae`peb km ka ik|c`baevib

fkpk`pca- Vem ki`cpdb abv mk{pbaåx|efbv |ci`eåm iblenefcm b|pbv ãi`e|bv

ik|c`öaefbv fkpk`pcakv! lk kaab pkv{a|cm! clkiãv lk abv knkf|bv lkvkclbv!

lkvcnbp|{mclcikm|k |ci`eåm knkf|bv ac|kpcakv b vkf{mlcpebv emlkvkc`akv-

Ka knkf|b lk abv ‑cx’ vk lkvfpe`k fbib |pcms{eaewclbp xcpc fcvbv lk ems{ek|{l

ib|bpc! fbml{f|cv cdpkve~cv u |kmvebmkv em|kpebpkv- Acv ca{femcfebmkv! lkaepebv u

|pcv|bpmbv kvs{ewbnpåmefbv lk ac xkpfkxfeöm xpãf|efcikm|k lkvcxcpkfkm fbm abv

nãpicfbv- F{cmlb abv `pb|kv lk ac kmnkpiklcl vk pkxe|km! ka |pc|ciekm|b xkpicmkm|k

fbm mk{pbaåx|efbv bnpkfk {mc xpb|kffeöm eixbp|cm|k u pkac|e~cikm|k vkd{pc fbm|pc acv

pkfcélcv c fpevev cd{lcv-

Vk lev|emd{k lbv dpcmlkv dp{xbv lk cx7

Abv aaciclbv faãvefbv b |éxefbv s{k vk fcpcf|kpewcm xbp `abs{kcp abv

pkfkx|bpkv lbxciemåpdefbv l0! vbm i{u knefcfkv km abv vém|bicv

xbve|e~bv! xkpb xpb~bfcm `cv|cm|kv knkf|bv vkf{mlcpebv u

Abv c|éxefbv s{k cf|÷cm vb`pk pkfkx|bpkv vkpb|bmemåpdefbv! xpbl{fekmlb

ikmbv knkf|bv vkf{mlcpebv u vekmlb iãv knefcfkv km abv vém|bicvmkdc|e~bv! u vbm facpcikm|k iãv |bakpc`akv s{k abv fbm~kmfebmcakv!

kvxkfecaikm|k xbp v{ ikmbp |kmlkmfec c eml{fep knkf|bv vkf{mlcpebv

k|pcxepcielcakv

[mc emmb~cfeöm eixbp|cm|k vbm abv mk{pbaåx|efbv lk lkxöve|b b emukf|c`akv! s{k

vk emukf|cm km ka da÷|kb u cf|÷cm c ab acpdb lk i{fobv lécv- V{ ~km|cgc vk ocaac km ka

okfob lk dcpcm|ewcp ac ae`kpcfeöm lk ac v{v|cmfec! xbve`eaelcl lk pkl{fep ac lbvev c

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 3?

cliemev|pcp! me~ka lk nãpicfb km xacvic xpklkfe`ak u fbmv|cm|k u vk x{klk |pc|cp c

abv xcfekm|kv s{k xpkvkm|cm lenef{a|clkv lk c`vbpfeöm fbm ac iklefcfeöm bpca-

Lka ievib iblb s{k abv cnkf|clbv x{klkm pkcffebmcp km fclc fcvb lk

icmkpc i{u lenkpkm|k c ve|{cfebmkv lk ac ~elc! |ci`eåm ~cpécm i{fob acv pkcffebmkv

c abv mk{pbaåx|efbv- Abv kmnkpibv pkvxbmlkm lk icmkpcv i{u le~kpvcv ca|pc|ciekm|b u km bfcvebmkv vk x{klkm xpbl{fep knkf|bv vkf{mlcpebv iãv ak~kv b iãv

n{kp|kv-

Lev|emd{eibv km|pk abv knkf|bv vkf{mlcpebv s{k cxcpkfkm km ac xpeikpc ncvk lka

|pc|ciekm|b fbm mk{pbaåx|efbv u abv knkf|bv vkf{mlcpebv lk åv|bv km fcvbv lk

iklefcfeöm lk acpdc l{pcfeöm- Ac icubpéc lk abv knkf|bv vkf{mlcpebv cxcpkfkm km

acv xpeikpcv vkicmcv lka |pc|ciekm|b- Ocu s{k ikmfebmcp kvxkfecaikm|k ka

fcmvcmfeb! ac vks{klcl lk `bfc! abv icpkbv u ka c|{pleiekm|b! abv |pcv|bpmbv

fepf{ac|bpebv u lk ac ~ev|c! kv|pkóeiekm|b u lenef{a|clkv xcpc bpemcp-

Cad{mbv b|pbv knkf|bv vkf{mlcpebv x{klkm icm|kmkpvk xbp {m |ekixb iãv

acpdb b emfa{vb fbikmwcp iãv |cplk- \blbv abv knkf|bv vkf{mlcpebv kv|ãm lkvfpe|bv

km abv xcxkakv lk emv|p{ffeöm emfa{elbv km acv fcgk|eaacv lk abv iklefcikm|bv- C

ikm{lb! kv|cv lkvfpexfebmkv fc{vcm {mc xpbn{mlc emvkd{pelcl c abv cnkf|clbv u v{v

ncieaecpkv! xbp ab s{k kv i{u eixbp|cm|k lcpakv emnbpicfebmkv xpkfevcv-

B|pbv knkf|bv vkf{mlcpebv s{k x{klkm cxcpkfkp vbm7 kvxcvibv i{vf{acpkv!

vémlpbik lk xcpjemvbm xpbl{felb xbp ac iklefcfeöm! Cfc|evec! levfemkvecv |cplécv! abv

mk{pbaåx|efbv c{ikm|cm ac vkmve`eaelcl c ac a{w vbacp! C{ikm|b lk xkvb! Aeie|cfebmkv

km ka ãi`e|b vk{ca7 c kaacv xkp|kmkfk ac xåplelc lk kfe|c`eaelcl mbpica- Xkpb

cad{mbv iklefcikm|bv |ci`eåm x{klkm xpb~bfcp ab fbm|pcpeb! kv lkfep {mc

kfe|cfeöm fbmv|cm|k- Xcpc acv i{gkpkv kv kvxkfecaikm|k |kmkp km f{km|c s{k ac|bic lk mk{pbaåx|efbv aak~c c eppkd{acpelclkv km ac ikmv|p{cfeöm b emfa{vb c

cikmbppkcv-

Ocu s{k ikmfebmcp s{k kev|km fbm|pcpkv|cm|kv xcpc pclefcp abv knkf|bv

vkf{mlcpebv! clkiãv ac |kpcxec ncpicfbaödefc! xcpc ka |pc|ciekm|b lk ac

kvs{ewbnpkmec mb vk `cvc ÷mefcikm|k km cm|exvefö|efbv! kv|bv v{kakm ep

cfbixcóclbv lk cm|elkxpkve~bv! cmvebae|efbv! kv|c`eaewclbpkv lka o{ibp-

AC XVEFB\KPCXEC7 

Kv b|pb lk abv |pc|ciekm|bv xbp ka s{k vk xpk|kmlk s{k ka xcfekm|k cfkx|k s{k

kv|ã kmnkpib u oc lk |pc|cpvk! s{k cxpkmlc c icmkgcp ve|{cfebmkv kv|pkvcm|kv! s{k

cxpkmlc c pkfbmbfkp vém|bicv s{k v{ kmnkpiklcl mb ak eixelc ~e~ep km ncieaec k

em|kdpcpvk km {m km|bpmb vbfeca-

Ac xvefb|kpcxec emle~el{ca kv|c`akfk {mc pkacfeöm lk cu{lc km|pk ka kmnkpib u ka

|kpcxk{|c- Ka kmnkpib x{klk vkm|epvk fbixpkmlelb u cfkx|clb! oc`acp lk v{v

xpkbf{xcfebmkv u v{v l{lcv u! ve mb ak pkv{a|c kv|pkvcm|k! x{klk vkp ÷|ea

kvxkfecaikm|k xcpc ikgbpcp ac c{|bkv|eic s{k x{klk kv|cp i{u cnkf|clc c fc{vc lk

ac kmnkpiklcl u xcpc fpkcp fbmfekmfec lk kmnkpiklcl- Kev|km lbv kmnbs{kv

kvxkfénefbv s{k vk {|eaewcm km ka |pc|ciekm|b lk ac kvs{ewbnpkmec! s{k vk ocm

ibv|pclb knefcfkv km cvxkf|bv fbmfpk|bv lk pkoc`eae|cfeöm7

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 35

\kpcxec lk fbml{f|c7 em|km|c fci`ecp cad{mcv fbml{f|cv lka kmnkpib s{k vbm

xpb`akiã|efcv b s{k ak xkpg{lefc u v{v|e|{epacv xbp fbml{f|c iãv cfkx|clcv-

Kv|b ab fbmved{km xbp ikleb lk pkdev|pbv! s{k vbm obgcv lbmlk ka kmnkpib |ekmk

s{k kvfpe`ep f{cm|cv ~kfkv ocfk ac fbml{f|c s{k vk lkvkc kaeiemcp u f{cm|cv

~kfkv ocfk ac s{k vk lkvkc lkvcppbaacp- Xbp ikleb lk xpkiebv! vk em|km|c s{kfclc ~kw vkcm iãv acv ~kfkv s{k vk ocfk ac fbml{f|c lkvkclc-

[mc pkdac dkmkpca! kv ka lk |pc`cgcp fbm {mc ÷mefc fbml{f|c fclc ~kw u

c~cmwcp i{u lkvxcfeb ocfec ka b`gk|e~b! uc s{k fbm kv|b fbmvkd{epkibv

clkacm|bv iãv pãxelbv s{k emvev|ekmlb vekixpk km ~cpecv fbvcv c ac ~kw-

\ci`eåm vk x{klk aak~cp km fcvc! lbmlk ac ncieaec vkc ac s{k lk|kf|k u

cs{kaacv fbml{f|cv s{k ka kmnkpib VE ocfk `ekm! u acv pkfbmbwfc! acv kv|ei{ak

b acv xpkiek- Ac xvefb|kpcxec fbdme|e~b)fbml{f|{ca7 kv ac s{k vk cxaefc fbm iãv

npkf{kmfec km kmnkpiklclkv ikm|cakv fbib ac kvs{ewbnpkmec- Ac f{ca vk `cvc

km ka xpemfexeb lka cxpkmlewcgk! |pc|cmlb lk kmvkócp ca xcfekm|k acv ved{ekm|kv

bxkpcfebmkv7

e- Fbm|pbacp abv xkmvciekm|b /fbdmefebmkv% c{|biã|efbv mkdc|e~bv

ee- Elkm|enefcp acv pkacfebmkv km|pk fbdmefeöm! cnkf|b u fbml{f|c

eee- Kciemcp ac k~elkmfec c nc~bp u km fbm|pc lk v{v xkmvciekm|bv

lev|bpvebmclbv-

e~- V{v|e|{ep acv fbdmefebmkv lkv~eclcv xbp em|kpxpk|cfebmkv iãv pkcaev|cv

~- Cxpkmlkp c elkm|enefcp u iblenefcp acv ncavcv fpkkmfecv s{k ab

xpklevxbmkm c lev|bpvebmcp v{v kxkpekmfecv

Fbm kv|c |kpcxec vk em|km|c s{k ka emle~el{b vk f{kv|ebmk v{v xpbxebv lkaepebv uv{v ncavcv fpkkmfecv cfkpfc lk v{v vém|bicv- Ac |kpcxec fbdme|e~b fbml{f|{ca

|ekmk fbib nemcaelcl ka fci`ecp ac nbpic lk kv|p{f|{pcp ka xkmvciekm|b u ie|edcp

acv ca|kpcfebmkv kibfebmcakv xcpc leviem{ep abv knkf|bv fbml{f|{cakv! abv s{k c

v{ ~kw n{mfebmcpécm lk pknbpwciekm|b xcpc pkvba~kp m{k~bv xpb`akicv km ka

xkmvciekm|b-

PKOC@EAE\CFEÖM XVEFBVBFECA7

Ka |pc|ciekm|b xvefbncpicfbaödefb kv kvkmfeca km ka |pc|ciekm|b lk ac

kvs{ewbnpkmec u lkiãv xvefbvev! xkpb kv mkfkvcpeb {m `{km vbxbp|k |kpcxå{|efb xcpc

ac `{kmc k~ba{feöm lk ac kmnkpiklcl! kv|k vbxbp|k kv ac pkoc`eae|cfeöm xvefbvbfeca-

Xbp xbmkp {m kgkixab! fbikm|b s{k lk mclc vep~k s{k ka xcfekm|k |bik v{

|pc|ciekm|b ve v{ ÷mefc cf|e~elcl kv kv|cp |blb ka léc km ac fcic! b s{k |kmdc

xpkvfpe|c {mc iklefcfeöm u xbp nca|c lk fbmfekmfec lk kmnkpiklcl u lk fbm|pba mb vk

ac |bik! kv|bv vbm cad{mbv kgkixabv lk abv i{fobv s{k ~kibv ab s{k |pc`cgcibv km

pkoc`eae|cfeöm lk kv|bv kmnkpibv s{k |ekmkm {m lecdmöv|efb u mb vc`km s{å akv xcvc

u xbps{k v{ ~elc mb x{klk vkp ed{ca s{k cm|kv-

Xclkfkp {m |pcv|bpmb xvefö|efb mb x{klk vkp ka b`v|ãf{ab s{k eixelc ka

lkvcppbaab lk pbakv vbfecakv ~caebvbv! fbib ka |pc`cgb b ca ikmbv {mc bf{xcfeöm!

~e~ekmlc! pkacfebmkv em|kpxkpvbmcakv u cnkf|e~cv! fbmvelkpcfeöm vbfeca u {|eaewcfeöm lk

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 08

pkf{pvbv fbi{me|cpebv- Ac pkoc`eae|cfeöm vk km|ekmlk obu fbib ac xpbxbpfeöm lk ac

cu{lc s{k pks{ekpk ac xkpvbmc xcpc ka lkvkixkób xvefbvbfeca-

Abv fkm|pbv lk pkoc`eae|cfeöm xvefbvbfeca vk kmicpfcm lkm|pb lka iblkab

fbi{me|cpeb! vk |pc`cgc fbm ka kmnkpib km v{ fbm|k|b ncieaecp u mb km {mc

emv|e|{feöm-Vk ~c c |pc|cp lk leviem{ep b kaeiemcp ka lånefe| b lk|kpebpb km acv lev|em|cv ãpkcv

s{k eixelkm {mc em|kdpcfeöm mbpica lka xcfekm|k km v{ ikleb! km|pkmcmlb acv

oc`eaelclkv s{k ak xkpie|cm {mc icubp c{|bmbiéc k em|kdpcfeöm vbfeca! ikgbpcmlb ac

fcaelcl lk ~elc lka kmnkpib u lk v{ km|bpmb vbfeca u ncieaecp-

Xcpc fclc xcfekm|k vk pkcaewc {m xacm emle~el{caewclb lk pkoc`eae|cfeöm lenkpkm|k

lkxkmlekmlb lk v{ kmnkpiklcl! kv|clb! lk|kpebpb! fbml{f|cv xpb`akicv u ve|{cfeöm

vbfeca u ac`bpca- Vk |pc`cgcm acv ved{ekm|kv ãpkcv7

  Xvefbkl{fcfeöm lka xcfekm|k u lk ac ncieaec 7 Xpb~kkp lk {mc emnbpicfeöm

cf|{caewclc u fbixpkmve`ak cfkpfc lk ac kmnkpiklcl ikm|ca! kmvkócmlb c

levfpeiemcp abv vém|bicv! xpölpbibv! eixbp|cmfec lk ac iklefcfeöm

cm|exvefö|efc! |bicp fbmfekmfec lk kmnkpiklcl! cfkx|ãmlbac u cxpkmlekmlb c

~e~ep fbm kaac-

  Oc`eaelclkv vbfecakv 7 |pc`cgcp iklecm|k cf|e~elclkv km dp{xb |åfmefcv

dpc|enefcm|kv u kl{fc|e~cv lka |pc|b vbfeca- v{ kvfcabmciekm|b xpbdpkve~b ~c

lkvlk ac fbmned{pcfeöm lk xks{kóbv dp{xbv xcpc g{dcp b pkcaewcp |cpkcv

fbbxkpc|e~cv ocv|c ka km|pkmciekm|b km oc`eaelclkv vbfecakv kvxkfénefcv!

fbib xklep nc~bpkv! cfkx|cp fpé|efcv! oc`eaelclkv fbm~kpvcfebmcakv---

  Kl{fcfeöm xcpc ac vca{l 7 nbikm|cp ac vca{l fbib {m `ekm s{k vk x{klk

b`|kmkp cf|e~cikm|k- vk |pc`cgc iklecm|k iöl{abv! abv f{cakv vbm7Vk{caelcl! caeikm|cfeöm! v{kób! xpk~kmfeöm lk ac cmveklcl! c{|bkv|eic u

c{|beicdkm! fcxcfelclkv fbdme|e~cv-

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xpb`akic s{k xpkvkm|k ka {v{cpeb u mb x{klc vkp |pc|clb lkvlk abv

xpbdpcicv kac`bpclbv km ka ãi`e|b dp{xca! k~ca{cp ac fbmvkf{feöm lk abv

b`gk|e~bv xpk~ecikm|k icpfclbv xcpc {v{cpeb-

  Cf|e~elclkv lk ac ~elc lecpec 7 ac em|kp~kmfeöm vk pknekpk c xpb~bfcp ac

cls{evefeöm u icm|kmeiekm|b lk {mc cixaec dcic lk oc`eaelclkv mkfkvcpecv

xcpc ac ~elc fb|elecmc! kv|b vk pkcaewc iklecm|k xpbdpcicv fbib f{elclb

xkpvbmca! cf|e~elclkv lbiåv|efcv u bpekm|cfeöm f{a|{pca

  Lkvkm~ba~eiekm|b xkpvbmca 7 lkvkm~ba~eiekm|b lka xcfekm|k km v{ ci`ekm|k

fbi{me|cpeb7 pkcaewcp |pãie|kv lk ac ~elc lecpec! nc~bpkfkp v{ bpekm|cfeöm c ac

pkcaelcl vbfeca! f{a|{pca! lkxbp|e~c! xbaé|efc! kmvkócp pkf{pvbv xcpc `{vfcp

kixakb-

  Cf|e~elclkv lkxbp|e~cv 7 kv|ei{acp névefcikm|k ca {v{cpeb iklecm|k |åfmefcv

lkxbp|e~cv ca ievib |ekixb s{k vk |pc`cgcm |åfmefcv lk fbbplemcfeöm! |pc`cgb

km dp{xb! cvkb k oedekmk-

  B|pcv ãpkcv7 xpkv|cfebmkv vbfebkfbmöiefcv u vcme|cpecv! nbpicfeöm ac`bpca!

ca|kpmc|e~cv pkvelkmfecakv! {vb lka |ekixb ae`pk! kl{fcfeöm lk ac xkpvbmc

cnkf|clc! Bf{xcfeöm u cxbubv-

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 03

FBMFA[VEBMKVAc kvs{ewbnpkmec oc velb lkvfpe|c lkvlk ac cm|edñklcl! xkpb kv pkfeåm fbm abv emefebv

lka fbmbfeiekm|b fekm|énefb /vedab _^EE% s{k kv b`vkp~clc- Ac kvs{ewbnpkmec kv {mc

kmnkpiklcl ikm|ca fbm ~cpeklcl lk vém|bicv! vem ki`cpdb kv|c kmnkpiklcl mb

xpbl{fk memd{mc vkxcpcfeöm lk ac xkpvbmcaelcl

Ac xcac`pc kvs{ewbnpkmec xpb~ekmk lka dpekdb vjewb ! bpedkm lka ac|ém kvfemlkpk! s{k

vedmenefc kvfeveöm! levbfecfeöm- Ac kmnkpiklcl vk fcpcf|kpewc xbp xpkvkm|cp

lev|bpvebmkv n{mlcikm|cakv km ka xkmvciekm|b! ac xkpfkxfeöm u acv kibfebmkv!

iekm|pcv s{k ac fbmfekmfec u ac fcxcfelcl em|kakf|{ca vk fbmvkp~c: vem ki`cpdb! fbm

ka xcvb lka |ekixb x{klkm xpkvkm|cpvk lånefe|v fbdme|e~bv-

Km ka cób lk 3<88 C-F- km ka Cu{p)^klc lk ac cm|ed{c emlec vk lkvfpe`k {mc

fbmlefeöm s{k xblpéc fbppkvxbmlkp c ac cf|{ca kvs{ewbnpkmec- Km 3?48! Okfjkp

em|pbl{fk ka |åpiemb ok`knpkmec Km 3?5>! Jpkxkaem {|eaewc m{k~cikm|k ka |åpiemblkikmfec xpkfbw u ocfk {mc lkvfpexfeöm lk kv|c fbmlefeöm ikm|ca f{uc lkvfpexfeöm

c÷m |ekmk ~edkmfec km ac cf|{caelcl- Km 3533! @ak{akp em|pbl{fk ka |åpiemb

kvs{ewbnpkmec xcpc v{v|e|{ep ca lk lkikmfec xpkfbw- Km 35;0 km ac xpeikpc klefeöm lka

"Lecdmöv|ef cml V|c|ev|efca Icm{ca bn Ikm|ca Levbplkpv lk ac Cvbfecfeöm Xves{eã|pefc

Cikpefcmc vk facvenefc c ac kvs{ewbnpkmec fbib "pkcffebmkv kvs{ewbnpåmefcv"

Km ka cób lk 3546! ac Bpdcmewcfeöm I{mleca lk ac Vca{l x{`aefö ka pkxbp|k lka kv|{leb

xeab|b em|kpmcfebmca vb`pk kvs{ewbnpkmec km lbmlk vk kv|c`akfkm fpe|kpebv lknemelbv

xcpc ka lecdmöv|efb u acv fcpcf|kpév|efcv lk ac kmnkpiklcl km m{k~k xcévkv lka

i{mlb-Ac kvs{ewbnpkmec |ekmk lev|em|cv facvenefcfebmkv! kv|cv x{klkm vkp vkd÷m v{

vem|bic|babdéc! vem ki`cpdb kv lenéfea lk facvenefcp! km kv|c bxbp|{melcl ac

facvenefcfeöm vkpã iklecm|k ka LVI)E^)\P7 Kvs{ewbnpkmec xcpcmbelk! Kvs{ewbnpkmec

fc|c|ömefc! Kvs{ewbnpkmec lkvbpdcmewclc b ok`knpåmefc! Kvs{ewbnpkmec emlenkpkmfeclc!

Kvs{ewbnpkmec pkvel{ca! Kvs{ewbnpkmec veixak

V{v fc{vcv x{klkm vkp xbp ca|kpcfebmkv km ac s{éiefc lka fkpk`pb! ca|kpcfebmkv km acnbpic u ka n{mfebmciekm|b lka fkpk`pb! xpklevxbvefeöm dkmå|efc! emnkffebmkv xbp ~ep{vFbixaefcfebmkv km ka xcp|b u b`v|å|pefcvKm dkmkpca abv vém|bicv lk ac kvs{ewbnpkmec vk facvenefcm fbib xbve|e~bv u mkdc|e~b-

Xcpc ka lecdmbv|efb lk`k xpkvkm|cp ca|kpcfebmkv xkpvev|km|kv l{pcm|k > ikvkv! u acxpkvkmfec l{pcm|k iãv lk {m ikv lk cad{mb lk abv ved{ekm|kv vém|bicv7

ca{femcfebmkv! lkaepebv! lkvbpdcmewcfeöm km ka akmd{cgk! fbixbp|ciekm|b fc|c|ömefb b

icmenkv|cfebmkv emfa{elcv lkm|pb lk abv vém|bicv mkdc|e~bv

Ka |pc|ciekm|b kv c |pc~åv lk cm|exvefö|efbv! xvefb|kpcxec! u pkoc`eae|cfeöm vbfeca

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Kvs{ewbnpkmec Xãdemc 00

@E@AEBDPCNÉC

CALCW!  Gbvå C!  FCPIKAB  /355>% ‑Kvs{ewbnpkmec7 n{ml cikm|bv xvefbaödefbv u  xves{eã|pefbv lk ac pkoc`eae|cfeöm’  CWMCP C! Kakmc:  @KPACMDC!  Ãmdkakv /088;% ‑D{éc xpãf|efc xcpc ka icmkgb lk ackvs{ewbnpkmec7 icm{ca xcpc ac ncieaec u ka f{elclbp’ - Klefebmkv Xepãielk-@KPICMWBOM  Xc{a: OTCMD! Iefocka /0880% ‑Kvs{ewbnpkmec u xc|babdécvfbiöp`elcv7 lecdmöv|efb u |pc|ciekm|b’- Kavk~ekp Kvxcóc @PC^B! A{ev / 088;% ‑Icm{ca lk ncpicfb|kpcxec’ Kavk~ekp Icvbm- KvxcócFOEMFOEAAC I! Canbmvb /0884% ‑Acv kvs{ewbnpkmecv7 v{v okfobv u ~cabpkv faémefbv u |kpcxå{|efbv’- Kavk~ekp Icvbm- Kvxcóc LKPDCM! G- /088>%- Mk{pbxvefbabdéc lk ac kvs{ewbnpkmec- Kle|bpeca Kfbk Klefebmkv-

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