Factsheet: Datos botánicos de Yacón

8/3/2019 Factsheet: Datos botánicos de Yacón

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Jmosh``1 Cmns knígbons c` Rmoÿg

_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps (Yn`yy'" H' [nk'



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Y{nròn''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

C`sm{{nffn c` dngne{mjäms knígboms (jmosh``s" ym{m obgon opfbzns y`{pmgns

Hnams Knígboms1 Rmoÿg ‟ _dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps (Yn`yy'" H' [nk'

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S{mcpoobÿg1 J{`c`{bon Fp`k`{

Jòhm1 Mk{bf ;992

Cnopd`gn1 C?8.98$=0

Jnn c` fm om{ípfm1 Cmzbc [nsm{bn''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Y{nròn Y`{ñkbncbz`{sn ‟ YKC1

C`psoh` E`s`ffsohmj jö{ Sòhgbsoh` Qpsmdd`gm{k`b (ESQ" EdkH1 Y{ne{mdm C`sm{{nffn[p{mf _ns`gbkf` ‟ YC[_

_ò{`m{äm c` @smcn c` @ongndäm _pbqm ‟ _@ON

Dbgbs`{bn c` Ond`{obn @x`{bn{ r Sp{bsdn ‟ DBGO@SP[

knongspf EdkH

Jbcbobgs{' ==& C$=92:0 K`{fbg& Mf`dmgbm

@$Dmbf1 bgjnIknongspf'c`

Dps`n c` Hbsn{bm Gmp{mf

Pgbz`{sbcmc Gmobngmf Dmrn{ c` _mg Dm{ons

Mzcm' M{`gmf`s =;0:& A`sñs Dm{äm' Mym{mcn Ynsmf =3$93?3

@$Dmbf1 momgnÌpgdsd'`cp'y`< mshponIrmhnn'ond

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Bdy{`sn `g Jn{dm ` Bdme`g c` Kbffr Zäon{ Ncbmem J{mgon

Y{bd`{m @cbobÿg

Fbdm ‟ Y`{ñ& s`b`dk{` c`f ;992



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Eâg`{n' @f eâg`{n _dmffmghps y`{`gò` m fm jmdbfbm Ms`{mo`m` (Ondyp`sms" r mopmfd`g`{`ñg` ;= `syòb`s }p` mg`s `{mg bgofpbcms `g `f eâg`{n Ynfrdgbm (38& 32& 09& :5& :8& :2"' @f

eâg`{n _dmffmghps b`g` sp cbs{bkpobÿg {`s{bgebcm m Mdâ{bom r sp o`g{n c` cbz`{sbcmc s``gop`g{m `g O`g{nmdâ{bom r `g fns Mgc`s' Fms `syòb`s c` _dmffmghps sng hb`{kmsy`{`gg`s& dpr {m{md`g` m{kpsns n y`}p`ýns í{knf`s r sÿfn pgm `syòb` `s mgpmf (=5"' @feâg`{n s` om{mo`{bqm yn{ fm spy`{jbob` (ong fbe`{ms h`gcbcp{ms" r jn{dm c`f m}p`gbn ({mcbmfd`g``ge{nsmcm r fm`{mfd`g` ondy{bdbcn"& fm g`{zmcp{m jnfbm{ (omsb sb`dy{` {bg`{zmcms nymfdmbfnkpfmcms"& y{`s`gobm c` pg z`{bobfbn mf `x`{bn{ c` fms k{ío`ms bgznfpo{mf`s& fm jmfm cèfígcpfms `g `f íybo` c` fms mg`{ms r fm jn{dm c` fns y`fns c` fm on{nfm (ong íybo` mepcn"'

Dn{jnfneäm' _' sngohbjnfbps `s pgm hb`{km y`{`gg` c` =&0–? d c` mfp{m& ong mffn obfägc{bon mmgepfm{& sp{omcn& hpòn `g fm dmcp{`q r c`gsmd`g` ypk`so`g` `g fm ym{` spy`{bn{ (=5& :5"'@f sbs`dm {mcbopfm{ s` ondyng` c` pg sbs`dm dpr {mdbjbomcn c` {mäo`s c` mksn{obÿg r c`

hmsm ;9 {mäo`s om{gnsms r pk`{nsms c` mfdmo`gma`' Fms {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma` s` jn{dmg mym{b{ c` pg sbs`dm {mdbjbomcn c` à`s spk`{{íg`ns< sng dmrn{bm{bmd`g` gmybjn{d`s& yp`c`gmfomgqm{ hmsm ;0 od c` fm{en r =9 od c` e{nsn{ r y`smg `g{` 9&;–; le'' @f onfn{ c` fmon{`qm c` fms {mäo`s r c`f àbcn c` mfdmo`gma` zm{äm& c`y`gcb`gcn c`f ofng& `g{` kfmgon&o{`dm& {nsmcn (`s{bmcn"& fbfm& r hmsm dm{{ÿg' Fms hnams sng nyp`sms& ong fídbgm còp{{`g`hmobm `f yòänfn< fm fídbgm jnfbm{ `s mgohmd`g` mnzmcm ong fm kms` hmsmcm& mp{bopfmcm nonggmcm< fms hnams spy`{bn{`s sng mnzmcn$fmgo`nfmcms< fm hmq c` fm hnam `s ybfnsn r `f `gzâsypk`so`g`' Fms bgjfn{`so`gobms sng `{dbgmf`s& ong =–0 à`s& omcm pgn ong {`s omyäpfns ry`cñgopfns c`gsmd`g` ypk`so`g`s' Fms k{ío`ms bgznfpo{mf`s sng pgbs`{bmcms r mnzmcms& c`hmsm =0 dd c` fm{en r =9 dd c` mgohn' Fns omyäpfns sng mdm{bffns m mgm{mgamcns& ong o`{omc` =0 jfn{`s fbepfmcms' Fms jfn{`s fbepfmcms sng j`d`gbgms& ;–?$c`gmcms& c` hmsm =; dd c`fm{en r 5 dd c` mgohn' Fms jfn{`s pkpfm{`s sng dmsopfbgms& ong o`{om c` 5 dd c` fm{en' @fj{pn `s pg m}p`gbn& c` ?&5 x ;&; dd `g y{nd`cbn (00"< b`g`g jn{dm `fbysnbcmf& onfn{ omjânsop{n& ong `ybc`{dbs fbsm& `gcnom{ybn sÿfbcn om{mo`{bqmcn yn{ `f fbk{` c`sy{`gcbdb`gn c`fy`{bom{ybn ong pg fbe`{n j{nmdb`gn< mfepgns ònbyns gn y{ncpo`g j{pns r sb fns y{ncpo`g gnsng zbmkf`s (35"'

Smxngndäm' Fns {mkmans snk{` fm sbs`díbom c` _dmffmghps (n Ynfrdgbm " s` kmsmg omsb`xofpsbzmd`g` `g à`dyfm{`s c` h`{km{bn& fns opmf`s& c`kbcn m fm `s{pop{m r mdmýn c` fmsyfmgms r fm kmam moo`sbkbfbcmc c` fm dmrn{ ym{` c` fms í{`ms c` cbs{bkpobÿg gmp{mf& sng c`mdmýn {`cpobcn n c` omfbcmc ynon smbsjmon{bm< yn{ à`dyfn& jmfmg `g e`g`{mf fns ÿ{emgns

spk`{{íg`ns (38& :5"' Yn{ `ffn& fm c``{dbgmobÿg c` fms `syòb`s spcmd`{bomgms gn `s jíobf (=5"'Pgm gp`zm {`zbsbÿg o{äbom c` fns {`y{`s`gmg`s spcmd`{bomgns c`f eâg`{n `s bdy`{bnsmd`g`gò`sm{bm'

Zm{bmkbfbcmc' Yn{ `f onfn{ c`f mffn r c` fms {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma`& fns me{bopfn{`s sng omymo`sc` cbj`{`gobm{ omcm pgn c` fns opfbzm{`s' Fm cbz`{sbcmc `s& sbg `dkm{en& dpohn d`gn{ }p` fm c`n{ms yfmgms ñbf`s ondym{mkf`s' @s ynsbkf` `sbdm{ fm `xbs`gobm c` sÿfn pgns ;9–?9 opfbzm{`s(?;& ??"' Kman ongcbobng`s ong{nfmcms& fns opfbzm{`s (b'`' e`gnbyns" s` cbj`{`gobmgsbegbjbombzmd`g` `g fm jn{dm r y`sn c` fms {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma`& `f {`gcbdb`gn& `f ong`gbcnc` mqñom{& j`gnf r MCG& r `g fms bsn`gqbdms jnfbm{`s (=8& ;:& ;5& ;8& ;2& ?9& ?0& ?8& :;"' S`ffns`ýmfm }p` `g `f Y`{ñ hmr cns o`g{ns c` cbz`{sbcmc j`gnäybom1 `f sp{& `g fm ym{` mgcbgm

n{b`gmf c` Opqon r Ypgn& r `f gn{`& `g fms y{nzbgobms c` Omamdm{om r Ongpdmqí& `gOmamdm{om (:9"' _`dbgm{bn ` mf' s`ýmfmg opm{n dn{jnbyns ym{m `f gn{` c`f ymäs& cbj`{`gobmcns



3

yn{ cbj`{`g`s c`so{byn{`s ondn `f onfn{ c` fms {mäo`s r jn{dm c` fms hnams< c` `sns& `f byn BBB`s `f dís j{òp`g` `g `sm {èbÿg& snk{` ncn `g m}p`ffns fpem{`s cngc` `f opfbzn b`gòm{ío`{ ond`{obmf (0;"' Dmgsbffm& yn{ sp ym{`& d`gobngm }p` `g fns kmgons c` e`{dnyfmsdm c`fBGBM& OBY r pgbz`{sbcmc`s c` Opqon r Omamdm{om `xbs`g ?;? `g{mcms (ofng`s" c` rmoÿg&

hmkbâgcns` bc`gbjbomcn ?0 dn{jnbyns $ gp`z` `g `f BGBM& cb`q `g `f OBY& nohn `g fm Pgbz`{sbcmcGmobngmf c` Omamdm{om r nohn `g fm Pgbz`{sbcmc Gmobngmf _mg Mgngbn Mkmc c`f Opson(PG_MMO"< c` sps mgífbsbs ongofpr` }p` `xbs` dmrn{ cbz`{sbcmc `g fm qngm o`g{mf c`f ymäs(?3"'

BB' OM[MOS@[@_ CBMEGß_SBON_ R YN_BKF@_ ONGJP_BNG@_''''''''''''''''''''''''

@g Y`{ñ& s` {òngno` fm y{`s`gobm c` n{ms s`bs `syòb`s c` _dmffmghps & mc`dís c` _'

sngohbjnfbps (0"' Cns c` `sms `syòb`s& _' {bym{bps (H'K'L'" H' [nk' r _' sbè`skòlbps (CO'" H'

[nk'& s` ongsbc`{mg y`{`gòb`g`s mf dbsdn e{pyn }p` `f rmoÿg (+rmong e{npy+" r `síg& snk{`fm kms` c` sp cbs{bkpobÿg& híkbn r dn{jnfneäm& `s{òhmd`g` `dym{`gmcms ong _' sngohbjnfbps

(=5"' C`kbcn m `sm y{nkf`díbom& fns om{mo`{`s cbmegÿsbons `dyf`mcns yn{ U`ffs gn sngsb`dy{` jíobf`s c` bg`{y{`m{ (z`{ Smkfm =" (:5"< sbg `dkm{en& rm }p` `f rmoÿg n ffmoÿg s`{`y{ncpo` `xofpsbzmd`g` yn{ zäm zè`mbzm r gn `s {ònfòmcn `g ynkfmobng`s sbfz`s{`s& gn`xbs` gbgeñg {b`sen z`{cmc`{n c` ongjpgcb{fn ong fms n{ms `syòb`s'

Smkfm =1 Om{mo`{`s cbmegÿsbons c` fms ̀ syòb`s y`{pmgms c` _dmffmghps c`f +rmong e{npy— (:5"

Om{ío`{

_ ' s b ` e ` s k ` o l b p s

_ ' { b y m { b p s

_ ' s n g o h b j n f b p s

Jfn{`s pkpfm{`s Gñd`{n ≣ =0 Gñd`{n ≠ ?9 Gñd`{n ≠ :9

Jfn{`s fbepfmcms 0–: dd fm{en ≠ =9 dd fm{en om' =; dd fm{en

K{ío`ms bgznfpo{mf`s ≣ =od ≠ = od ≣ =0 dd fm{en r≣ =9 dd mgohn

Dm{e`g bgznfpn Dm{e`g gn bgznfpn

Y{nfngemcms hmobm pg ypgn `fngemcn Íybo` mepcn nmopdbgmcnYmf`ms

Ong efígcpfms `sbybmcms `g fm ym{` bgj`{bn{&efígcpfms c` hmsm = dd fm{en

_b efmgcpfm{& `gngo`sfms efígcpfms sâsbf`s nomsb sâsbf`s



0

BBB' CB_S[BKPOBßG''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Cbs{bkpobÿg dpgcbmf' _' sngohbjnfbps `sí mopmfd`g` cbs{bkpbcn `g e{mg ym{` c`f `{{bn{bnmgcbgn ondn yfmgm sbfz`s{` n `g opfbzn& c`sc` @opmcn{ `g `f gn{`& hmsm `f gn{n`s` m{e`gbgn

`g `f sp{ (=5& ;9& 00"< bgofpsn hm sbcn nomsbngmfd`g` {`yn{mcn ym{m Onfndkbm r Z`g`qp`fm (3=&30& :5& 5;"' @f o`g{n c` cbz`{sbcmc s` `gop`g{m `g{` fm op`gom c`f Myp{bdmo `g `f sp{ c` Y`{ñ(=3¹_" r Fm Ymq `g Knfbzbm (=5¹_"' @g `s` `{{bn{b n s` `gop`g{m fm dís mfm cbz`{sbcmc e`gâbomc`f rmoÿg r mdkbâg {`s c` fms `syòb`s sbfz`s{`s dís {`fmobngmcms' @g fns ñfbdns ?9–39mýns mdkbâg s` hmg {`mfbqmcn bg`gns c` opfbzn jp`{m c` sp í{`m c` cbs{bkpobÿg gmp{mf& ym{`c` `ffns `g jn{dm dmsbzm& snk{` ncn `g Gp`zm Q`fmgcm& Ohbgm& [psbm& Smbuíg& Amyÿg& On{`m&K{msbf r `g fm mgbepm Ohònsfnzm}pbm (=9& ?9& ??"'

Cbs{bkpobÿg `g Y`{ñ' @f opfbzn c` rmoÿg `g Y`{ñ hm sbcn cnopd`gmcn ym{m =8c`ym{md`gns mgcbgns (00"' Fms y{bgobymf`s í{`ms c` y{ncpoobÿg s` `gop`g{mg `g Omamdm{om&Ypgn& Ymson& Hpígpon& Mgomsh r Apgäg& r `g d`gn{ dmegbpc `g Ybp{m& Mdmqngms&

Fmdkmr`}p`& Fm Fbk`{mc& _mg Dm{äg& Fbdm& Hpmgomz`fbom& Mrmopohn& Myp{ädmo& M{`}pbym rOpson'

Smkfm ;1 @sbdmobÿg c` fm j{òp`gobm r cbs{bkpobÿg c` _' sngohbjnfbps `g Y`{ñ snk{` fm kms` c` fns `syòbd`g`s c` fnsh`{km{bns P_D& HPS& HMN& MDMQ& OPQ& HP_M (gn hmr `syòbd`g s̀ c` fns c`dms c`ym{md`gns& dm`{bmf c`f `smcnsbfz`s{` gn cnopd`gmcn"'

C`ym{md`gn / @a`dyfm{`s / Y{nzbgobms J{òp`gobm `sbdmcm

Mgomsh = =.;9 {m{n

Omamdm{om = =.=? kmamOpson 3 ?.=? kmam

Hpígpon = =.== kmam

Apgäg = =.2 kmam

Fm Fbk`{mc = =.=; {m{n

BZ' @ONFNEÄM R YN_BKF@_ Í[@M_ YM[M @F OPFSBZN''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Híkbm' _` mspd` }p` `f rmoÿg r fms `syòb`s `dym{`gmcms s` hmg c`sm{{nffmcn `g `{{bn{bnshñd`cns c` fm z`{b`g` n{b`gmf c` fns Mgc`s& kman ongcbobng`s c` `dy`{mp{ms dnc`{mcms rpg y`{äncn `smobngmf ong s`}päm mo`gpmcm (=5"'

O{òbdb`gn' @f o{òbdb`gn ÿybdn s` y{ncpo` kman `dy`{mp{ms `g{` =8 r ;0¹O& `g `f }p`fms hnams nf`{mg `dy`{mp{ms c` hmsm 39¹O sbg cm ýn `zbc`g`' S`dy`{mp{ms gnop{gms kmams`g fpem{`s c` mfbpc d`cbm ff`zmg m pg c`sm{{nffn ÿybdn c` {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma`& db`g{ms }p`qngms kmams oífbcms jmzn{ò`g pg dmrn{ c`sm{{nffn c` yn{obng`s ompfbgm{`s spk`{{íg`ms ny{nyíepfns (`{{ÿg`md`g` ffmdmcns {bqndms"' Fns ÿ{emgns mâ{`ns c`f rmoÿg gn sng nf`{mg`s m

fms h`fmcms r `zbc`gobmg cmýn kman `dy`{mp{ms c`sc` $=¹O (=5"' @f opfbzn c`f rmoÿg& sbg



:

`dkm{en& gn y{`s`gm y{nkf`dms `g qngms ong h`fmcms câkbf`s `g mgn }p` `sms nop{{mg mfâ{dbgn c`f y`{äncn zè`mbzn' @g Gp`zm Q`fmgcm& `dy`{mp{ms c` mf{`c`cn{ c` $5¹O y{ncpo`gmdkbâg fm dp`{` c` ncns fns ÿ{emgns spk`{{íg`ns c` fm yfmgm' S`dy`{mp{ms d`gn{`s m=9–=;¹O kman {mcbmobÿg snfm{ bg`gsm ff`zmg m cmýn `g fms hnams'

Kbnfneäm jfn{mf' Fm kbnfneäm jfn{mf r c` ynfbgbqmobÿg c`f rmoÿg gn `s kb`g ongnobcm' @g e`g`{mf&`f c`sm{{nffn jfn{mf c`f rmoÿg `s {`cpobcn `g ondym{mobÿg ong fms jn{dms sbfz`s{`s& pg j`gÿd`gnongnobcn ym{m n{ms yfmgms ñbf`s ong {`y{ncpoobÿg ofngmf (=5"' @f c`sm{{nffn jfn{mf `sjp`{`d`g` c`y`gcb`g` c` fms ongcbobng`s mdkb`gmf`s r `s cbj`{`g` `g fms cbsbgms í{`ms `g}p` s` opfbzm' @g ongcbobng`s jmzn{mkf`s c` opfbzn& fm jfn{mobÿg ondb`gqm c`sypâs c` :–5d`s`s r mfomgqm sp ypgn díxbdn c`sypâs c` 8–2 d`s`s' _` mspd` }p` `f rmoÿg y{`s`gmynfbgbqmobÿg o{pqmcm' Pgm bgcbomobÿg c` `ffn `s fm dn{jnfneäm c`f ynf`g& `f c`sm{{nffn `dy{mgnc` fms jfn{`s j`d`gbgms (y{nnebgbm"& fm dn{jnfneäm c` fms jfn{`s j`d`gbgms r fm y{ncpoobÿg c`gâom{& snk{` ncn `g fms jfn{`s pkpfm{`s (00"' Mcbobngmfd`g`& pg `spcbn c` fm ynfbgbqmobÿgdns{ÿ }p` fm y{ncpoobÿg c` s`dbffms `g jfn{`s ong ynfbgbqmobÿg mkb`{m `s `f cnkf` }p` `g jfn{`s

`gomyspfmcms (?="' Fm y{ncpoobÿg c` s`dbffms `s& sbg `dkm{en& kmsmg` kmam `g fm dmrn{äm c`fns omsns< fms {mqng`s c` `ffn gn sng kb`g ongnobcms' Fm `s`{bfbcmc c`f ynf`g s` mspd` ondnpgn c` fns ynsbkf`s jmon{`s& mpg}p` fns `spcbns cbsyngbkf`s hmsm mhn{m sng ong{mcbon{bns(=:& 0:"' Pg c`s`}pbfbk{bn `g `f d`mknfbsdn c` fm yfmgm yp`c` s`{ mspdbcn ondn pg jmon{mcbobngmf& `g `f }p` fm yfmgm c`k` spdbgbs{m{ {òp{sns `g`{eâbons ym{m `f c`sm{{nffn c` pg`f`zmcn gñd`{n c` jfn{`s r& mf dbsdn b`dyn& ym{m `f c` fms {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma`' @zbc`gobm c``ffn `s `f dmrn{ gñd`{n c` s`dbffms jn{dmcms `g fms jfn{`s }p` s` c`sm{{nffmg y{bd`{n' Mc`dís&fms msms c` e`{dbgmobÿg c` fms s`dbffms d`gns c`sm{{nffmcms sng dpr kmams& mfomgqmgcn 9–?;% (:& 3:"' Pgm c` fms ynsbkf`s {mqng`s `s fm fm`gobm jäsbom c` fms s`dbffms c`kbcn m fm cp{`qmc` fm `sm& fm }p` `s ongnobcm ym{m pgm c` fms `syòb`s sbfz`s{`s c` _dmffmghps ' Dís mñg& `fo{òbdb`gn c` fms yfmgms y{ncpobcms yn{ s`dbffm `s dís f`gn }p` `f }p` dp`s{mg fms yfmgms

zè`mbzmd`g` {`y{ncpobcms' Fms jfn{`s c`f rmoÿg yp`c`g s`{ y{ncpobcms m{bjbobmfd`g` m{mzâs c` bga`{ns `g eb{msnf (39"'

Jnny`{bncn' @f rmoÿg `s ongsbc`{mcn g`p{mf mf jnny`{äncn& mf d`gns `g fn }p` {`syòm mfc`sm{{nffn c`f mffn r c` fms {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma` (??& 3=& 30"' Rm }p` cbohns y{no`snsondb`gqmg dís m{c` m dmrn{`s fmbpc`s& E{mp r [`m mspd`g }p` `f rmoÿg c`sm{{nffm {mäo`sc` mfdmo`gma` r jfn{ò` y{`cndbgmg`d`g` `g cäms on{ns (=5"'

[èbÿg c` opfbzn' @g e`g`{mf& `f opfbzn `s ynsbkf` `g fmbpc`s `dyfmcms r spk{nybomf`s(9–;3¹" (??"' Mpg opmgcn `f rmoÿg yp`c` s`{ opfbzm cn `g omsb ncn Y`{ñ& c`sc` fm Onsm (Fbdm&S{pabffn" hmsm fns kns}p`s ffpzbnsns c` b`{{ms kmams& `s` s` c`sm{{nffm c` fm dàn{ dmg`{m `g

fns ybsns mfbpcbgmf`s `g{` ='=99 r ;'099 d (00"' @g `f `x{`dn gn{` c` Y`{ñ `f rmoÿg gnyp`c` s`{ opfbzmcn m{{bkm c` fns ?'999 d< sbg `dkm{en& `g Mdmqngms r _mg Dm{äg& yp`c` s`{opfbzmcn `xbnsmd`g` bgofpsn hmsm `g fns kns}p`s gpkfmcns (om' ?':99 d"' Fns {mgens c`mfbpc }p` hmg sbcn bgcbomcns ym{m n{ns ymäs`s speb`{`g pgm mfm omymobcmc c` mcmymobÿg1299–?'099 d `g Knfbzbm r @opmcn{& :99$;'099 d `g `f gn{n`s` m{e`gbgn& :99 d `g K{msbf r mfgbz`f c`f dm{ `g Gp`zm Q`fmgcm r Amyÿg'



5

Z' OPFSBZN R @XYFNSMOBßG''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Opfbzn' @f rmoÿg `s pgm yfmgm opfbzmcm& r `f psn c` yfmgms sbfz`s{`s omsb gn s` ongno`' @gfms qngms mfms c` fns Mgc`s& `f rmoÿg `s yfmgmcn hmobm `f ondb`gqn c`f y`{äncn c` ffpzbms `g{`

s`yb`dk{` r nopk{`& c` dncn }p` fm dmrn{ ym{` c` y`{äncn zè`mbzn nop{{` `g fm âynomffpzbnsm' @g qngms dís kmams& ong {bèn spjbob`g`& yp`c` s`{ yfmgmcn r onsòhmcn cp{mg` ncn`f mýn (??& 00"' @g qngms sòms r fbk{`s c` h`fmcms c` Y`{ñ& `f rmoÿg yp`c` s`{ onsòhmcncp{mg` ncn `f mýn `g fm d`cbcm }p` fm on{{`syngcb`g` cbsyngbkbfbcmc c` mepm `s msèp{mcm'Fm y{`ym{mobÿg c`f `{{`gn c`y`gc` c` fms ongcbobng`s fnomf`s' Fm yfmgmobÿg c`& yn{ à`dyfn&fns `s}pà`s c` fns y{nyíepfns& s` {`mfbqm `g hbf`{ms ong pgm cbsmgobm c` 9&:–=&9 d `g{`yfmgms r 9&8–=&9 d `g{` hbf`{ms' @gsmrns c` cbsmgobmdb`gn c` rmoÿg `g On{`m speb`{`g pgmc`gsbcmc c` ?9'999 yfmgms.hm (2"& ong cbsmgobms c` 59 od `g{` hbf`{ms r c` 35 od `g{`yfmgms' Smdkbâg& `g Gp`zm Q`fmgcm& s` hm dns{mcn pg bgo{`d`gn `g `f {`gcbdb`gn ong `fmpd`gn c` fm c`gsbcmc snk{` ;3'999 yfmgms.hm (=9"' Fms yfmgms c` rmoÿg gò`sbmg{`fmbzmd`g` dpohm mepm `g `f bgbobn c`f y`{äncn zè`mbzn' @g fm dmrn{ ym{` c` fns zmff`s

bg`{mgcbgns cngc` `f rmoÿg hm sbcn opfbzmcn& c`k` s`{ {èmcn' @g Knfbzbm `f rmoÿg `sdmrn{bm{bmd`g` opfbzmcn `g `{{bn{bns ong y{òbybmobng`s `g{` ?99–:99 dd'Y{òbybmobng`s ≠ 899 dd s` ongsbc`{mg ÿybdms' _` {òndb`gcm dpffb{ fms hbf`{ms cp{mg` `fy`{bncn zè`mbzn (30"' _b s` yfmgmg j{med`gns c` {bqndm& `f c`sm{{nffn bgbobmf c` fms yfmgms`s {`fmbzmd`g` f`gn r fns zísmens gn `d`{e`g sbgn hmsm c`sypâs c` ?9–09 cäms' @f ong{nfc` dmf`qms `s myfbomcn gn{dmfd`g` sÿfn cns zò`s mf ondb`gqn c`f y`{äncn zè`mbzn& rm }p`fms yfmgms c` rmoÿg yp`c`g spksòp`g`d`g` spy{bdb{ fms dmf`qms' _nk{` fm j`{bfbqmobÿg c`rmoÿg s` hm bgz`sbemcn dpr ynon1 `g K{msbf s` hm dns{mcn& `g pg `gsmrn ong pg opfbzm{& }p`fns {`gcbdb`gns dís mfns s` nkb`g`g d`cbmg` j`{bfbqmobÿg ong =39 le G.hm r =99 le L.hm (="<`g Omamdm{om fm j`{bfbqmobÿg ong 0–=9 ng.hm c` hpdps `s spjbob`g` ym{m `}pbfbk{m{ fm yâ{cbcmc` gp{b`g`s (00"'

_p`fn' @f rmoÿg s` c`sm{{nffm kb`g `g cbsbgns byns c` sp`fn' Fns dís my{nybmcns ym{ò`g s`{sp`fns fbzbmgns& y{njpgcns& ong kp`g c{`gma` r {bons `g gp{b`g`s (30"' @sns sp`fns jmzn{ò`gpg c`sm{{nffn pgbjn{d` c` fms {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma` r fbdbmg fm c`sondynsbobÿg' _p`fns dpry`smcns sng ynon myns' Bgofpsn s` hmg fne{mcn kp`gns {`spfmcns `g `{{mqms jfpzbmf`s `gKnfbzbm r `g sp`fns fm`{bqmcns {mmcns ong cnfndbms `g K{msbf (=5"' @f yH c`f sp`fn yp`c` s`{íobcn m f`z`d`g` mfomfbgn< fns dàn{`s {`spfmcns s` fne{mg `g sp`fns ong yH g`p{n mf`z`d`g` íobcn (?;"'

Y{nymemobÿg zè`mbzm' Fm y{nymemobÿg `s sb`dy{` zè`mbzm r s` `jòñm

{mcbobngmfd`g` yn{ y{nyíepfns (o`yms"& `s}pà`s r gpcns `g{mbqmcns (33"' Fns y{nyíepfns(yn{obng`s ompfbgm{`s spk`{{íg`ms" c`k`g s`{ cbzbcbcns c` dncn }p` omcm j{med`gn `gem`g{` ?–0 k{n`s (??& 00"< c` `sm dmg`{m& `s ynsbkf` nk`g`{ =0–?0 `s}pà`s c`f y{nyíepfnc` pgm yfmgm c` pg mýn' D`cbmg` fm yfmgmobÿg c` y{nyíepfns c` dmrn{ mdmýn `g Gp`zmQ`fmgcm (;99 e{ `g fpem{ c` 09 e{"& `f {`gcbdb`gn yn{ yfmgm jp` bgo{`d`gmcn m dís c`f cnkf`(=9"' Fms {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma` gn yp`c`g s`{ y{nymemcms' Gp`zns `spcbns dp`s{mg }p` fnsy{nyíepfns yp`c`g s`{ dmg`gbcns kman b`{{m ;0–39 cäms c`sypâs c` fm onsòhm& c`sypâs c`fn opmf fns zísmens n {`k{n`s yp`c`g s`{ opbcmcnsmd`g` s`ym{mcns r yfmgmcns' C` `s`dncn yp`c` mo`f`{m{s` mfen `f obofn c` opfbzn' Fm y{nymemobÿg d`cbmg` `s}pà`s c` mffns (ongmf d`gns cns k{n`s" yp`c` s`{ mdkbâg ff`zmcm m omkn (=5"< ym{m `ffn& fn dàn{ `s `dyf`m{yfmgms mg`s c` fm jfn{mobÿg& yn{ à`dyfn& c` 0&0–: d`s`s c` `cmc' @g fmkn{mn{bn& kman

ongcbobng`s ong{nfmcms (mdÿsj`{m smp{mcm"& `f dàn{ `g{mbqmdb`gn s` y{ncpo` d`cbmg`{mmdb`gn ong mpxbgms' @g `f omdyn& fns mfdíobens sng y{`ym{mcns ong m{`gm c` {än fmzmcm r



8

c`sbgjòmcm ong jn{dmfbgm (=9%"& `g fm }p` fns `s}pà`s s` dmgb`g`g `g ongcbobng`shñd`cms mf d`gns hmsm }p` mym{`qomg fns y{bd`{ns k{n`s< c` `sm dmg`{m& `f 28–=99% c`fns `s}pà`s `g{mäqmg c`sypâs c` 30 cäms (0?"' Smdkbâg fm y{nymemobÿg d`cbmg` k{n`sbgcbzbcpmf`s `s ynsbkf` `g bgz`{gmc`{n (03"< fns k{n`s bgcbzbcpmf`s sng m}pä yp`sns `g sps{mn

`g{mbqmg` kman ongcbobng`s `sâ{bf`s< c`sypâs c` :9 cäms `g{mäqmg `g{` 3? r 25% c`y`gcb`gcnc`f opfbzm{' @f dbsdn dâncn yp`c` s`{ myfbomcn m mffns ondyf`ns r fns k{n`s c`k`g s`{s`ym{mcns c`sypâs c`f `g{mbqmdb`gn' Fm y{nymemobÿg bg zb{n `s mdkbâg ynsbkf` rond`{obmfd`g` bg`{`smg`< zm{bns y{nnonfns hmg sbcn c`sm{{nffmcns ym{m `ffn& fns }p` sngbg`{`smg`s `g fm y{ncpoobÿg c` à`dyfm{`s zè`mf`s fbk{`s c` zb{ps (==& ?:& ?2& :?& 5="'

@gj`{d`cmc`s r cmýns' @gj`{d`cmc`s r ym{ísbns gn sng hmsm mhn{m pg e{mg y{nkf`dm `g`f opfbzn c`f rmoÿg& rm }p` gn `xbs`g dngnopfbzns c` e{mg `x`gsbÿg' Fns ym{ísbns mym{ò`g`g opfbzn `g fmbpc`s oífbcms r hñd`cms' Mfepgns ym{ísbns r `gj`{d`cmc`s c` hnams r {mäo`shmg sbcn {`yn{mcns (3& =;& =5& ?=& 3?& 0="'

Onsòhm r {`gcbdb`gn' C`sypâs c`f â{dbgn c`f obofn zè`mbzn& fms ym{`s mâ{`ms c`frmoÿg ondb`gqmg m dn{b{& fn }p` bgcbom fm âynom c` onsòhm' Fms {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma` yp`c`gy`{dmgò`{& ncmzäm& pg b`dyn `g `f sp`fn sbg cmým{s`& c`y`gcb`gcn c` fm {èbÿg r `f ofbdm' Fmonsòhm s` {`mfbqm& c`y`gcb`gcn c` fm {èbÿg r fm mfbpc& :–=; d`s`s c`sypâs c` fm yfmgmobÿg'Bgz`sbemobng`s `g K{msbf r Gp`zm Q`fmgcm y{p`kmg }p` pgm onsòhm omcm 5–8 d`s`s `s fndàn{ ong {`syòn m {`gcbdb`gn r ong`gbcn c` j{pon$nfbensmoí{bcns (3;& ::& 59"' Cp{mg` fmonsòhm c`k`g {`dnz`{s` y{bd`{n fms ym{`s mâ{`ms c` fms yfmgms r fpèn c`s`g`{{m{opbcmcnsmd`g` ncn `f snol c` {mäo`s (00"' Fms {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma` sng dpr s`gsbkf`s mcmýn dòígbon' Yns`{bn{d`g` s` s`ym{m `f {bqndm c` fms {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma`' @g K{msbf rGp`zm Q`fmgcm& onsòhmcn{`s dòígbons c` ymyms hmg sbcn pbfbqmcns c` dmg`{m `xbnsm (=9&;="' @g onsòhm c` hnams& s` onsòhmg fms hnams mcpfms& opmgcn jn{dmg my{nxbdmcmd`g` pg

ígepfn {òn ong `f mffn' @spcbns y{`fbdbgm{`s `g Omamdm{om mspd`g }p` fms hnams yp`c`g s`{onsòhmcms omcm ?9 cäms' Fm dmegbpc c` fm bgjfp`gobm c` fm onsòhm c` hnams `g fm y{ncpoobÿgc` {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma` gn s` ongno` hmsm mhn{m' Fm y{ncpoobÿg d`cbm c` {mäo`s c`mfdmo`gma` yn{ hòí{`m mfomgqm& `g opfbzn `g `f `{{bn{bn mfn$mgcbgn& gn{dmfd`g` ;9–39ng.hm y`sn j{`son (y`sn sòn =9–=3%" r `g fms o`{omgäms c` Omamdm{om 39–09 ng.hm (=8&30& 00"' Fm y{ncpoobÿg c`y`gc` jp`{`d`g` c` fm `fòobÿg c`f opfbzm{& c` fm {èbÿg c` opfbzn(mfbpc& cp{mobÿg c`f cäm& j`{bfbcmc c`f sp`fn" r c` n{ns opbcmcns opfp{mf`s r d`cbcms c`j`{bfbqmobÿg' @g K{msbf s` hmg nk`gbcn hmsm =99 ng.hm (;="' Cbsmgobmdb`gns dís kmans `g{`yfmgms mpd`gmg `f {`gcbdb`gn c` fm onsòhm r fm y{nyn{obÿg c` {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma` (6 ;99e" (=& 2& :="' Fm onsòhm c` hnams s` `sbdm `g ?–3 ng`fmcms y`sn sòn kman c`gsbcmc`s c`=8'099 yfmgms.hm' @g fm [`yñkfbom Ohòm s` hmg onsòhmcn om ; ng`fmcms c` hnam (:3"'

Mcbobngmfd`g` s` {`mfbqÿ `zmfpmobng`s c` 30 e`gnbyns c` onfòobng`s c`f kmgon cè`{dnyfmsdm c`f O`g{n c` Bgz`sbemobÿg c` Opfbzns Mgcbgns (OBOM" r Y{ne{mdm c` [mäo`s rSpkâ{opfns Mgcbgns ([SM" c` fm PG_MMO& r `gong{ÿ pg {`gcbdb`gn y{nd`cbn c` 9&2 le.yfmgm(08"' Hpmdíg& `zmfpmgcn ònbyns c`f gn{` c`f ymäs& nkpzn pg y`sn y{nd`cbn c` =&92le.yfmgm< db`g{ms }p` S`ffn& mf `zmfpm{ zm{b`cmc`s y{no`c`g`s c` Hpígpon& `gong{ÿ pg y`sny{nd`cbn c` ;&80 le.yfmgm (=2& :9"' @g Nxmymdym (Ymson"& D`fem{àn& {mkmamgcn ongzm{b`cmc`s fnomf`s nkpzn ?&3 le.yfmgm `dyf`mgcn mfm j`{bfbqmobÿg< `sn ong{msm ong fnnk`gbcn yn{ [bzms& }pb`g `zmfpmgcn fm zm{b`cmc +dn{mcn yb`f gè{m+& nkpzn pg {`gcbdb`gn c`=&? le.yfmgm (?5& 35"' _nndmrn{ mgmfbqÿ =9= `g{mcms c` rmoÿg c`f gn{` c`f Y`{ñ r cbj`{`gobÿ=; e{pyns dn{jnfÿebons& s`ym{mcns y{bgobymfd`g` yn{ `f onfn{ c`f mffn& ybed`gmobÿg c` fmshnams& jn{dm c` fm fídbgm& yb`f c` fm {mäq r onfn{ c` fns y{nyíepfns< `f y`sn y{nd`cbn `gong{mcnjp` c` 9&252 le.yfmgm (05"'



2

ZBB' YN_ON_@OHM

Fms {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma` c`f rmoÿg mopdpfmg pgm e{mg omgbcmc c` j{pon$nfbensmoí{bcns (JN_"c`f byn bgpfbgm& ong pg e{mcn c` ynfbd`{bqmobÿg c` ?–=9 (dís kman }p` `g fm z`{cmc`{m bgpfbgm"

(;& ?& =8& ;?& ;3"' Fns JN_ ongsbpr`g o`{om c`f =9% c`f y`sn j{`son& fn }p` sbegbjbom 59–89%c`f y`sn sòn' @ffns s` jn{dmg cp{mg` `f y`{äncn zè`mbzn m ym{b{ mqñom{`s sbdyf`s r sng`gqbdíbomd`g` c`sondyp`sns c` gp`zn `g{` fm onsòhm r `f {`k{n` (=?& =3& 00"' @f e{mcnd`cbn c` ynfbd`{bqmobÿg c` fns JN_ mpd`gm cp{mg` `f y`{äncn zè`mbzn' Hmr mfepgns`spcbns }p` dp`s{mg }p` c`sypâs c` fm onsòhm& `s còb{& cp{mg` `f mfdmo`gmdb`gn c` fms{mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma` c`f rmoÿg& fm ongo`g{mobÿg c` JN_ cbsdbgpr` r fm c` fms mqñom{`s fbk{`smpd`gm gp`zmd`g`' @syòbmfd`g` `g fns y{bd`{ns cäms c`sypâs c` fm onsòhm ym{ò` s`{}p` `sm ongz`{sbÿg s` y{ncpo` {`fmbzmd`g` {íybcn r }p` `s c`y`gcb`g` c` fms ongcbobng`sc` mfdmo`gmdb`gn (5& 8& ;0& :0"' _bg `dkm{en& `sns `spcbns `síg {`s{bgebcns hmsm mhn{m mpgns ynons opfbzm{`s< `s msä }p` s` dp`s{m }p` `g `f mfdmo`gmdb`gn c` fms {mäo`s c`mfdmo`gma` c`f rmoÿg `g cns ybsns mfbpcbgmf`s cbj`{`g`s& ='229 d r ='2?9 d& fm cbsdbgpobÿg

c`f ong`gbcn c` JN_ `g fns y{bd`{ns cäms `s dmrn{ `g `f ybsn mfbpcbgmf dís kman< c`sypâs c`=; cäms fms ongo`g{mobng`s s` zp`fz`g m `}pbym{m{ (=0"' @g Gp`zm Q`fmgcm fms {mäo`s c`mfdmo`gma` sng epm{cmcms yn{ ?9 cäms m =¹O sbg omdk bns `g fm ongo`g{mobÿg c` JN_ (=9"< s`dp`s{m& sbg `dkm{en& pgm cbsdbgpobÿg yns`{bn{ c` fm ongo`g{mobÿg mf{`c`cn{ c` ?0% hmsm `fcäm 5;< `g ongcbobng`s c` mfdmo`gmdb`gn c` 0¹O& =9 ¹O& ;9¹O r m `dy`{mp{m mdkb`g` s`nks`{zm pgm cbsdbgpobÿg c`f ;0% c`sypâs c` =0 cäms' Fm onge`fmobÿg c` fns k{n`s c` fms{mäo`s m $;9¹O y{`zb`g` fm cè{mcmobÿg c` JN_ (;;"' Mc`dís& fns JN_ ong d`gn{ e{mcn c`ynfbd`{bqmobÿg (;–5" s` cè{mcmg dís {íybcn }p` fns ong dmrn{ e{mcn (2–==" (;?"' @fong`gbcn c` j`gnf`s c` fms {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma` r c` fms hnams ym{ò`g gn omdkbm{ cp{mg` `fmfdmo`gmdb`gn r `f sòmcn (39–:9¹O" (02"' Ym{m fm `fmkn{mobÿg c` y{ncpons ong mfmongo`g{mobÿg c` JN_ fms {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma` c`k`{ämg s`{ epm{cmcms sÿfn yn{ y`{äncnson{ns `g `symobns j{äns r nsop{ns ong mfm hpd`cmc c`f mb{`& r s`{ y{no`smcns& `g fn ynsbkf`&cb{òmd`g`' S{mcbobngmfd`g` fms {mäo`s c` mfdmo`gma` y`{dmgò`g pg ym{ c` cäms mf snfc`sypâs c` fm onsòhm& rm }p` c` `s` dncn fms {mäo`s s` zp`fz`g dís cpfo`s' Pgmbgz`sbemobÿg snk{` `s` dâncn dns{ÿ pgm yâ{cbcm c` mepm c`f 39% r pgm cbsdbgpobÿg c`f 09$:;% `g fm ongo`g{mobÿg c` JN_ r hmsm ;2–33% c`f y`sn sòn c`sypâs c` : cäms' Fnsmqñom{`s fbk{`s mpd`gmg c`f dbsdn dncn (=0"' Smdkbâg s` hmg {`yn{mcn cbj`{`gobms zbsbkf`s`g fm msm c` ongz`{sbÿg `g{` cbj`{`g`s opfbzm{`s' Fm ongo`g{mobÿg c` JN_ `g {`fmobÿg mfy`sn j{`son `s& c`sypâs c` s`bs cäms c` `xynsbobÿg mf snf r c`kbcn m fm cbsdbgpobÿg c`f y`sn&f`z`d`g` dmrn{ }p` mf dnd`gn c` fm onsòhm' @ffn sbegbjbom }p` fm omgbcmc mksnfpm c` JN_`s dmrn{ cb{òmd`g` c`sypâs c` fm onsòhm r fm omgbcmc {`fmbzm& dmrn{ c`sypâs c` fm

`xynsbobÿg mf snf' Fms ongcbobng`s c` mfdmo`gmdb`gn c`k`g s`{ s`fòobngmcms c`y`gcb`gcnc`f byn c` y{ncpon c`s`mcn'



=9

=" Yfígpfm c` rmong< ;& ?1 Bgjfn{`so`gobm (omk`qp`fm"< 3" Híkbn< 0" _bs`dm {mcbopfm{< :" [mäo`s om{gnsms rpk`{nsms c` mfdmo`gma`'Jnns1 =1 Om{fns [pbq< ;1 Fíqm{n _mgm O{pq< ?& 31 Cmzbc [nsm{bn< 01 Dm{lps Mol`{dmgg< :1 Ansâ [n}p`'



==

ZBB' FBS@[MSP[M''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

=' Mdmrm& A' ;999' @j`bns c` cns`s o{`so`g`sc` gb{ne`gbn ` yníssbn gm y{ncpbzbcmc` c`

rmong (Ynfrdgbm sngohbjnfbm Yn`y' * @gcf'"'S`s` cn äpfn c` D`s{ `d Me{ngndbm ‟ m{`mc` ongo`g{momn `d hn{bopfp{m'Pgbz`{sbcmc` @smcpmf Ympfbsm Apfbn c`D`s}pbm Jbfhn& K{msbf& 08 y' (obmcn yn{_`dbgm{bn ` mf' ;99?"'

;' Msmdb& S'< Lpknm& D'< Dbgmdbsmum& L'<Ssplbhmshb& S' =282' Oh`dbomf ondynsbbng njrmong \Ynfrdgbm sngohbjnfbm T& m gù {nn o{nyj{nd h` Mgc`mg hbehfmgcs' Amymg`s` Anp{gmfnj _nbf _ob`go` mgc Yfmg Gp{bbng :9(;"1 =;;$=;:'

?' Msmdb& S'< Dbgmdbsmum& L'< Sspohbrm& S'<

Lmgn& L'< Hn{b& B'< Nhrmdm& S'< Lpknm& D'<Ssplbhmshb& S' =22=' Jfpopmbngs njnfbenj{pomg ong`gs bg pk`{s nj rmong(Ynfrdgbm sngohbjnfbm " cp{bge e{nuh mgcsn{me`' Ayg' A' _nbf _ob`go` mgc YfmgGp{bbng :;1 :;=‟:;5'

3' Km{{mg`s& J' =228' Ymnfneäm c` fms {mäo`s ron{dns mgcbgns' @g1 _`dbgm{bn& A' (Ondy'"'Y{ncpoobÿg c` {mäo`s mgcbgms1 Jmsoäopfns'Dgpmf`s c` omymobmobng OBY& Fbdm& Y`{ñ&=51=$=9'

0' K{mln& F'< Qm{poohb& A'F' =22?' Ommfnep` njh` Jfnu`{bge Yfmgs mgc Erdgnsy`{ds njY`{p' Dngne{' _rs' Kn' Dbssnp{b Kn' Em{c'301 b‟xf& =55$=58'

:' Ohbomm& G' =228' Zm{bmkbfbcmc c` fm s`dbffmknígbom r ondym{mobÿg c` y{ne`gb`s rofng`s y{nz`gb`g`s c`f e`{dnyfmsdm c`rmoÿg (Ynfrdgbm sngohbjnfbm "' S`sbs c` E{mcn&Pgbz`{sbcmc c` _mg Mgngbn Mkmc c`f Opson&Y`{ñ (obmcn yn{ _`dbgm{bn ` mf' ;99?"

5' Cnn& H'_' ;999' Ohmge`s nj oh`dbomfondynsbbng bg pk`{nps {nn nj rmong krcbjj`{`g op{bge ongcbbngs' Ln{' A' O{ny _ob'30 (;"1 52‟8;'

8' Cnn& H'_'< Fb& H'F'< Lung& S'N'< [rp& A'H'<

;999' Ohmge`s bg spem{ ong`gs mgcsn{mkbfbr nj rmong pgc`{ cbjj`{`g sn{meòngcbbngs' Ln{' A' O{ny _ob' 30 (0"1 ?99‟?93'

2' Cnn& H'_'< [rp& A'H'< F``& L'_'< Ohnb& _'R';99=' @jjò nj Yfmg C`gsbr ng E{nuh[`syngs`s mgc Rb`fc bg Rmong' Ln{`mg A'O{ny' _ob' 3:(0"1 395$3=9'

=9' Cnpefms& A'M'< Cnpefms& D'H'< C`n& K'< Jnff`&A'D'< _oh`jj`{& A'A'O'< _bds& B'D'& U`foh&['M'_' ;990' [`s`m{oh mgc c`z`fnyd`g njrmong (_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps " y{ncpobngbg Gù Q`mfmgc' Mom hn{bopfp{m`' :591 52$80'

==' @s{`ffm& A'@' =223' Bg zb{n y{nymemobÿg nj abomdm (Ynfrdgbm sngohbjnfbm Yn`yybe *

@{ffboh`{"1 M gèfò`c Mgc`mg o{ny'Hn{_ob`go` ;2(3"1 ??='

=;' J`gbff`& ['O'< Obmdyb& D'K'< _npqm& G'F'<Gmlmmgb& M'L'< Lp{mdm`& @'@' ;990'Kbgpof`m` [hbqnongbm sy' ME E ompsbge {nn{n bg rmong (_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps " bgK{mqbf' Yfmg ymhnfner' 03(?"1 ?;0$??9'

=?' Jplmb& L'< Dbrmqmlb& _'< Gmgan& J'< Hm{m& R'=22?' Cbs{bkpbng nj om{knhrc{m`s mgc{`fm`c `gqrd` mobzbb`s bg rmong' _nbf _ob'Yfmg Gp{' ?2(?"1 0:5$05='

=3' Jplmb& L'< Nhgn& _'< Enn& L'< Gmgan& J'< Hm{m&R'< =225' _`msngmf jfpopmbngs bg j{pomgong`g mgc {`fm`c `gqrd` mobzbr bg rmong(Ynfrdgbm sngohbjnfbm "' Ayg' A' _nbf _ob' Yfmg

Gp{' 3? (="1 =5=‟=55'=0' E{m`j` _'< H`{dmgg& D'< Dmg{b}p`& B'<

Enfndk`l& _''< Kp`{l`{& M' ;993' @jjòs njyns$hm{z`s {`md`gs ng h` om{knhrc{mòndynsbbng nj rmong {nns bg h` Y`{pzbmgMgc`s' Jb`fc O{nys [`s`m{oh 8:1 =0:$=:0'

=:' E{mp& M'< _fmgbs& M' =22:' Bs Ynfrdgbm srfyhbnbc`s zm{' y`{`ggbs m ubfc mgo`sn{ njrmong> [`spdns B Onge{`ssn FmbgnMd`{bomgn c` [mäq`s S{nybombs' O@[MS$PG@_Y& _mn Y`c{n& K{msbf (obmcn yn{ E{mp *[`m =225"'

=5' E{mp& M'< [`m& A' =225' Rmong' _dmffmghps

sngohbjnfbps ' (Yn`yy' * @gcf'" H' [nkbgsng'Bg1 H`{dmgg& D' * A' H`ff`{ (`cs"1 Mgc`mg{nns mgc pk`{s1 Mhbym& m{{momohm& dmom&rmong' Y{ndnbge h` ongs`{zmbng mgc ps` njpgc`{pbfbq`c mgc gèfò`c o{nys' ;='Bgsbp` nj Yfmg E`g`bos mgc O{ny Yfmg[`s`m{oh& Em`{sf`k`g.Bg`{gmbngmf YfmgE`g`bo [`snp{o`s Bgsbp`& [nd`& Bmfr& =22$;3;'

=8' H`{dmgg& D'< J{`b{`& B'< Ymqns& O'' =222'Ondynsbbngmf cbz`{sbr nj h` rmong sn{me`{nn' Bg1 Bdymo ng m ohmgebge un{fc& Y{ne{md[`yn{ =225$=228& Sh` Bg`{gmbngmf YnmnO`g`{ (OBY"& Fbdm& Y`{p& 3;0$3?;'

=2' Hpmdíg& U' =22=' Om{mo`{bqmobÿg r`zmfpmobÿg c` 30 `g{mcms c` e`{dnyfmsdmc` ffmoÿg \_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps (Yn`yy' *@gcf'" H' [nk'T `g Omamdm{om' S`sbs ym{mnym{ `f äpfn c` Bge`gb`{n Me{ÿgndn'Pgbz`{sbcmc Gmobngmf c` Omamdm{om'

;9' Aø{e`gs`g& Y'D'< F`ÿg$Ríg`q& _' (`cs'" =222'Ommfnep` nj h` zmsopfm{ yfmgs nj @opmcn{'Dngne{' _rs' Kn' Dbssnp{b Kn' Em{c' 501 b‟zbbb& ?92'

;=' Lmlbhm{m& S'_'< Oëdm{m& J'F'M'< Zbfh`gm&_'D'O'< [b`{m& F' =22:' Opfbzn `

bgcps{bmfbqmåïn c` rmong1 pdm `xy`{bágobmk{msbf`b{m' [`spdns B Onge{`ssn FmbgnMd`{bom c` [mäq`s S{nybombs' O@[MS$



=;

PG@_Y& _ïn Y`c{n& K{msbf' (obmcn yn{ E{mp* [`m =225"

;;' Lmgmrmdm Gm{mb& M'< Snlbm& G'< Msn& L'';99:' Ohmge`s bg j{ponnfbensmoohm{bcòng`g nj rmong (_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps "

pk`{nps {nns cp{bge sn{me`' Gbyyng Apb_`bd`b Lmemlp Cmbemlp L`glrp Hnlnlp 001=93$==='

;?' Lmgmrmdm Gm{mb& M'< Snlbm& G'< Msn& L' ;995'C`y`gc`go` nj J{ponnfbensmoohm{bcÒng`g ng Mobzbr nj J{ponnfbensmoohm{bc`$D`mknfbqbge @gqrd`s bg Rmong (_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps " Spk`{nps [nns cp{bge _n{me`'A' Jnnc _ob 5;(:"1 _?8= $ _?85'

;3' Fmohdmg& A'< J`{gígc`q& @'O'< N{síl& D';99?' Rmong \_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbm (Yn`yy'` @gcf'" H' [nkbgsngT oh`dbomf ondynsbbngmgc ps` ‟ m {`zbù' Yfmg _nbf @gzb{ng'& 32(:"1;8?‟;29'

;0' Fmohdmg& A'< Hmz{fmgc& K'< J`{gígc`q& @'O'<Cpcaml& A'' ;993' _moohm{bc`s nj rmong\_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps (Yn`yy' ` @gcf'" H'[nkbgsngT pk`{s mgc {hbqnd`s mgc jmon{smjjòbge h`b{ ong`g' Yfmg _nbf @gzb{ng09(2"1 ?8?‟?29'

;:' Fmohdmg& A'< J`{gmgc`q& @' O'<Zb`hdmggnzm& B'< _pfo& D'< O`ylnzm& Y' ;995'Snmf yh`gnfbo ong`g nj rmong (_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps " {hbqnd`s& f`mz`s& mgc {nnsmjjò`c kr e`gnry`' Gù Q`mfmgc Anp{gmf njO{ny mgc Hn{bopfp{mf _ob`go`& ?0(="1 =5$=;?'

;5' F`k`cm& M'< Cnf`qmfnzm& B'< Zmf`gnzm& L'<Cqbòhobm{lnzm& D'< E{`yfnzm& D'< Nymnzm&H'< Pf{bohnzm& A' ;99?m' Kbnfnebomf mgcoh`dbomf zm{bmkbfbr nj dmom mgc rmong'Oh`dbol` Fbsr 25(5"1 038$00:'

;8' F`k`cm& M'< Cnf`qmfnzm& B'< Cqbòhobm{lnzm&D'< Cnf`qmf& L'< J{o`l& A' ;99?k'Dn{yhnfnebomf Zm{bmkbfbr mgc Bsnqrd`Ynfrdn{yhbsds bg Dmom mgc Rmong' Oqòh A'E`g`' Yfmg K{``c'& ?2(="1 =‟8'

;2' F`k`cm& M'< Cnf`qmfnzm& B'& Cnf`qmf& L' ;993'Zm{bmbng bg dn{yhnfnebomf mgc kbnoh`dbomfohm{mo`{s bg e`gnry`s nj dmom mgc rmong'

Mom hn{bopfp{m`' :;21 38?$329'?9' F`k`cm& M'& Cnf`qmfnzm& B'& Zmf`gnzm& L'<

Emsdmgnzm& G'< Cqbòhobm{lnzm& D'<Pf{bohnzm& A' ;998' Rmong (_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps "$$m {mcbbngmf o{ny nj Mgc`mgBgcbmgs ms m ohmff`ge` jn{ h` jpp{`$$h`gùs mknp kbnfnebomf zm{bmbng mgc oh`dbomfspksmgo`s ong`g' Mom hn{bopfp{m`' 5:01=;5$=?:'

?=' Fbqí{{mem& F'< N{èm& ['< Zm{ems& U'< Zbcmf&M' =225' Opfbzn c`f rmoÿg (Ynfrdgbm sngohbjnfbm"' [`spd`g`s Op{sn Y{` Onge{`sn

‟ BX Onge{`sn Bg`{gmobngmf c` OpfbznsMgcbgns' Opson& Y`{p& :0$:5 (obmcn yn{ E{mp* [`m =225"'

?;' Dmg{b}p`& B'< H`{dmgg& D'< K`{g`& S' ;993'Rmong $ Jmo _h``' Bg`{gmbngmf YnmnO`g`{ (OBY" Fbdm& Y`{p'

??' Dmg{b}p`& B'< Yí{{mem& M'< H`{dmgg& D' ;990'Rmong sr{py1 Y{bgobyf`s mgc y{no`ssbge'

_`{b`s1 Ongs`{zmobÿg r psn c` fmkbncbz`{sbcmc c` {mäo`s r pkâ{opfns mgcbgns1Pgm câomcm c` bgz`sbemobÿg ym{m `fc`sm{{nffn (=22?$;99?"' Gn' 8K' Bg`{gmbngmfYnmn O`g`{& Pgbz`{sbcmc Gmobngmf Cmgb`fMfobc`s Om{{bÿg& @{kmoh`{ Jnpgcmbng& _ubssMe`gor jn{ C`z`fnyd`g mgc Onny`{mbng'Fbdm& Y`{p' ?= y'

?3' Dmgsbffm& Y' ;99=' Om{mo`{bqmobÿg e`gâbomdnfòpfm{ c`f rmoÿg \_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps (Yn`yy' * @gcf'" H' [nk'T d`cbmg`dm{omcn{`s [MYCs' S`sbs ym{m nym{ `f äpfnc` kbÿfnen' Jmopfmc c` Ob`gobms' Pgbz`{sbcmcGmobngmf Me{m{bm Fm Dnfbgm'

?0' Dmgsbffm& ['O'< Oâsm{ Fÿy`q K'< [mñf Kfms _'<Apfbn Ohbm& U'< Kmpcnbg& A' ;99:' Mgífbsbs c`fm zm{bmkbfbcmc dnfòpfm{ c` pgm onfòobÿgy`{pmgm c` _dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps (Yn`yy* @gcf" H' [nkbgsng ‖Rmoÿg— @onf' myf' 0(=$;"150$89'

?:' Dmsp{b& G'< Sml`ndb& M'< Lmqpshb& J'< Umm{p&D'< @bbohb& B'< S`{pn& S'< ;99;' Yfmg[è`g`{mbng h{npeh F`mj opfp{` nj Rmong'A' Amymg' _no' Hn{' _ob' 5=(3"1 0:=$0:5'

?5' D`fem{àn& C' =222' Yn`gobmf y{ncpobzn c` fmonfòobÿg gmobngmf c` rmoÿg \_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps (Yn`yy' * @gcf'" H' [nk'T kmanongcbobng`s c` Nxmymdym' S`sbs ym{m nym{`f äpfn c` Bge`gb`{n Me{ÿgndn' Pgbz`{sbcmcGmobngmf Cmgb`f Mfobc`s Om{{bÿg'

?8' Dbf`ffm& F'< Zb`hdmggnzí& B'< J`{gígc`qOpsbdmdmgb& @'< Fmohdmg& A' ;995' Yh`gnfboOng`g mgc Dnfòpfm{ Dm{l`{s nj Cbjj`{`gRmong \_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps (Yn`yy' `@gcf'" H' [nkbgsngT Fmgc{mo`s' S{ny`gme;995& Nonk`{ 2 $ ==& Ubq`ghmps`g&E`{dmgr

?2' Dnen{& E'< Dnen{& M' J'< Fbdm& E' Y' Y' ;99?'Kpc snp{o`& ms`ysbs mgc k`gqrfmdbgnyp{bg`(KMY" `jjò ng rmong (Ynfrdgbm sngohbjnfbm "

dbo{ny{nymembng' Mom Hn{bopfp{m`& 0251?==$?=3'

39' Gmlmgbshb& S'< L' Bshblb' =22:' Jfnu`{bgebgcpobng nj rmong (Ynfrdgbm sngohbjnfbm " kre{mjbge ngn spgjfnu`{ m ]pbn& @opmcn{'Ayg' A' S{ny' Me{bo' 391 ;5$;8'

3=' Gmbngmf [`s`m{oh Onpgobf' =282' Fns O{nysnj h` Bgoms1 Fbf` $ lgnug yfmgs nj h` Mgc`subh y{ndbs` jn{ un{fcubc` opfbzmbng'Gmbngmf Momc`dr Y{`ss& Umshbgeng& CO'

3;' Nfbz`b{m& Mfzm{`s c`& D'< Gbshbdnn& @'L';993' @zmfpmbng nj h` c`z`fnyd`g nj rmongyfmgs (Ynfrdgbm sngohbjnfbm " mgcohm{mo`{bqmbng nj h` om{knhrc{m`s krHYFO' K{mq' A' Jnnc Sòhgnf' 5(;"1 ;=0$;;9'



=?

3?' N{bq& A'F'< _`dbgm{bn& A'< [ngomf& D' ;99='@gj`{d`cmc`s jnfbm{`s `g fm onffòobÿg `x sbpc` mohb{m (Omggm `cpfbs " r ffmoÿg(_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps " c` Omamdm{om'Omxmdm{om 2(="1 ;=0$;;;'

33' YRDME[N_' Y{ncpon{`s r D`{omcns c`fMe{n c` m _b`{{m' s.m' @xy`{b`gobms c`y{nymemobÿg zè`mbzm r y{ncpoobÿgond`{obmf c` Rmong& `g `f Zmff` cÒngc`kmdkm& Omamdm{om'

30' [`m& A' =223' Mgc`mg {nns' Bg1 H`{gmgc`qK`{dàn& A'@'& F`ng& A' (@cs'"& Gèfò`cO{nys1 =32; j{nd m Cbjj`{`g Y`{syòbz`'JMN& [nd`& Bmfr& =:?‟=52'

3:' [`m& A' =220' Ongs`{zmobÿg r dmgàn bg sbpc` {òp{sns jbne`gâbons me{äonfms `g Knfbzbm'Smff`{ `fò{ÿgbon snk{` ongs`{zmobÿg bg sbp'OBY$Fbdm& (obmcn yn{ E{mp * [`m =225"

35' [bzms& [' ;993' @f rmoÿg \_dmffmghpssngohbjnfbps (Yn`yy' * @gcf'" H' [nk'T& spopfbzn `g `f zmff` c` Nxmymdym r yn`gobmfpsn' Dngne{mjäm ym{m nym{ `f äpfn c`Bge`gb`{n Me{ÿgndn' Pgbz`{sbcmc GmobngmfMe{m{bm Fm Dnfbgm'

38' [nkbgsng& H' =258' _pcb`s bg h`H`fbmgh`m` (Ms`{mo`m`"' XBB' [`$`smkfbshd`g nj h` e`gps _dmffmghps'Yhrnfnebm ?2 (="1 35$0?'

32' [nkbgsng& H'< Ynu`ff& M'D'< Lbge&['D'<U``cbg& A'J' =28=m' Oh{ndnsnd`gpdk`{s bg Ondynsbm`' XZB' H`fbmgh`m`'

_dbhsngbmg Ong{bk' n Kn' 0;1 =$;8'09' [nkbgsng& H' =28=k' M [`zbsbng nj h` S{bkmf

mgc _pk{bkmf Fbdbs nj h` H`fbmgh`m`(Ms`{mo`m`"' _dbhsngbmg Ong{bk' n Kn' 0=1=$=9;'

0=' _mn& S'< Sndbnlm& L' Gmhmgbshb& S'<Lnemg`qmum& H' =222' Ohm{onmf [n nj Rmong(_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps (Yn`yy' ` @gcf'" H'[nkbgsng"& Nom (Nxmfbs pk`{nsm Dnfbgm" mgcY`m{f Fpybg (Sm{ub& Fpybhps dpmkbfbs _u``"Omps`c kr Dmo{nyhndbgm yhms`nfbgm (Smssb"Enbc' Kpff`bg nj h` _hblnlp GmbngmfMe{bopfp{mf @xy`{bd`g _mbng :31 =$8'

0;' _`dbgm{bn& A'& O' E{mgmcns * A' [pbq' =222'[òp{sns e`gâbons c` {mäo`s mgcbgms1 B'@xyfn{mobÿg ym{m ohmen& rmoÿg& mohb{m rm{{momohm `g `f gn{` c`f Y`{ñ' Yy' ?5$02' Bg1S' Jmb{fb`& D' Dn{mf`s * D' Hnff` (`cs'"'[mäo`s r Spkâ{opfns Mgcbgns' Mzmgo`s c`Bgz`sbemobÿg& =' O`g{n Bg`{gmobngmf c` fmYmym (OBY" $ Ongsn{obn ym{m `f C`sm{{nffn_ns`gbkf` c` fm @on{{èbÿg Mgcbgm(ONGC@_MG"' Fbdm'

0?' _`dbgm{bn& A'< Zmfc`{{mdm& D'< Hngn{bn& H';99=' Y{nymemobÿg yn{ `s}pà`s c` {`sdn{jnbyns c` rmoÿg _dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps (Yn`yy' * `gcf'" H' [nkbgsng' Me{ngndämXFZBB1=;$;9 (obmcn yn{ _`dbgm{bn ` mf';99?"'

03' _`dbgm{bn& A'< Zmfc`{{mdm& D' ;99;'Y{nymemobÿg c` {`s dn{jnbyns c` rmoÿg&_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps (Yn`yy' * `gcf'" H'[nkbgsng& d`cbgm` gncps c` mffns (obmcnyn{ _`dbgm{bn ` mf' ;99?"'

00' _`dbgm{bn& A'< Zmfc`{{mdm& D'< Dmg{b}p`& B';99?' @f rmoÿg1 jpgcmd`gns ym{m `fmy{nzòhmdb`gn c` pg {òp{sn y{ndbsn{bn'O`g{n Bg`{gmobngmf c` fm Ymym (OBY"&Pgbz`{sbcmc Gmobngmf c` Omamdm{om& Me`gobm_pbqm ym{m `f C`sm{{nffn r fm Onny`{mobÿg(ON_PC@"& Fbdm& Y`{ñ& :9 y'

0:' _nn& J'[' =228' @spcbn c` fm kbnfneäm jfn{mfc`f e`{dnyfmsdm {èbngmf c` rmoÿg' S`sbs cÈ{mcn& Pgbz`{sbcmc Gmobngmf c` Omamdm{om&Y`{ñ& 0=y (obmcn yn{ _`dbgm{bn ` mf' ;99?"'

05' _nndmrn{& D' Zm{bmkbfbcmc c` e`{dnyfmsdmc` {mäo`s mgcbgms c`f BGB@M c`f gn{` c`fY`{ñ \M{{momobm xmghn{{bqm Kmgo{njb&Db{mkbfbs `xymgsm ([pbq * Ymz'" _mgcf`r r_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps (Yn`yy' * @gcf'" H'[nk'T' S`sbs ym{m nym{ `f äpfn c` kbÿfnen'Jmopfmc c` Ob`gobms' Pgbz`{sbcmc GmobngmfMe{m{bm Fm Dnfbgm'

08' Smknmcm& H' =228' Om{mo`{bqmobÿgme{nknígbom c` 38 e`gnbyns c` ffmoÿg\_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps (Yn`yy' * @gcf'" H'[nk'T kman ongcbobng`s c` omdyn' S`sbs ym{mnym{ `f äpfn c` Bge`gb`{n Me{ÿgndn'Pgbz`{sbcmc Gmobngmf _mg Mgngbn Mkmc c`fOpson (PG_MMO" (obmcn yn{ S`ffn ;99;"'

02' Sml`gmlm& D'< Gmgmrmdm& L'< Ngn& H'<Gmlmabdm& H'< Bsnk`& _' ;99:' Ohmge`s bg hòngo`g{mbng nj yh`gnfbo ondynpgcs cp{bgee{nubge& sn{bge& mgc y{no`ssbge nj rmong'Gbyyng _hnlphbg Lmemlp Lnemlp Lmbshb0?(=;"1 :9?$:=='

:9' S`ffn& D' ;99;' Om{mo`{bqmobÿg dn{jnfÿebom rdnfòpfm{ c` e`gnbyns c` rmoÿg\_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps (Yn`yy' * @gcf'" H'[nk'T y{nz`gb`g`s c`f c`ym{md`gn c`Hpígpon' S`sbs c` Dmebs`{ _ob`gbm`'Pgbz`{sbcmc Gmobngmf Me{m{bm Fm Dnfbgm'

:=' Ssplbhmshb& S'< Rnshbcm& S'< Dbrmdnn& D'<_pqplb& G' =282' _pcb`s ng h` opfbzmbng nj

Rmong (Ynfrdgbm sngohbjnfbm "& =1 Bgjfp`go` njcbjj`{`g yfmgbge c`gsbb`s ng h` pk`{ rb`fc'Amymg`s` Anp{gmf nj Jm{d Un{l [`s`m{oh :01?;$?8

:;' Zmf`gnzm& L'< F`k`cm& M'< Cnf`qmfnzm& B'<Ab{nzslr& C'< _bdngnzslm& K'< Znzl& B'& Lnsbgm&Y'< Emsdmgnzm& G'< Cqbòhobm{lnzm& D'<Pf{bohnzm& A' ;99:' Sh` kbnfnebomf mgcoh`dbomf zm{bmkbfbr nj rmong' Anp{gmf njme{bopfp{mf mgc jnnc oh`dbs{r' 03(3"1 =?35$=?0;'

:?' Z`fís}p`q& H'G'< N{èm& [' =225@smkfòbdb`gn& dbo{ny{nymemobÿg r

ongs`{zmobÿg bg zb{n c` rmoÿg' BX onge{`snBg`{gmobngmf c` opfbzns mgcbgns1 Fbk{n c`



=3

{`sñd`g`s& ;;$;0 c` mk{bf =225' Pgbz`{sbcmcGmobngmf c` _mg Mgngbn c`f Opson& O`g{nc` Bgz`sbemobÿg `g opfbzns Mgcbgns (OBOM"&Msnobmobÿg M[M[BUM& opson& Y`{ñ& 03$00(obmcn yn{ _`dbgm{bn ` mf' ;99?"'

:3' Zb`hdmggnzí& B'< Dbf`ffm& F'< J`{gígc`qOpsbdmdmgb& @'< Fmohdmg A' ;995' Oh`dbomfOndynsbbng nj Spk`{nps [nns mgc F`mz`snj Rmong \_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps (Yn`yy' `@gcf'" H' [nkbgsngT S{ny`gme ;995& Nonk`{2 $ ==& Ubq`ghmps`g& E`{dmgr'

:0' Zbf`hgm& _'D'O'< Oëdm{m& J'F'M' =22:'Dmgàn yÿs$onfh`bm c` rmong (Ynfrdgbm sngohbjnfbm ' Ym{` =' S`n{`s c` y{n`ägm `måpom{`s `d {mäq`s c` rmong& `d jpgåïn cmopm mn snf ` cn mdmq`gmd`gn m 3¹O'[`spdns B Onge{`ssn Fmbgn Md`{bomgn c`[mäq`s S{nybombs' O@[MS$PG@_Y& _ïnY`c{n& K{msbf'

::' Zbfh`gm& _'D'O'< Omdm{m& J'F'M'< Ybqm& B'D'S'<Fbdm& E'Y'Y' ;99?' Ong`g nj j{pomgs bgpk`{nps {nns nj rmong (Ynfrdgbm sngohbjnfbm "' Ob`gobm r Sògnfnebm Mfbd`gm{bm3(="1 ?0$39'

:5' U`ffs& A' [' =2:0' M mxngndbo spcr njYnfrdgbm (Ondynsbm`"' K{bngbm =5(;"1 =33‟=02'

:8' U`ffs& A'[' =2:5' M gù syòb`s nj Ynfrdgbm (Ondynsbm`1 H`fbmgh`m`" j{nd D`xbon'

K{bngbm =21?2=$?23'

:2' U`ffs& A'[' =25=' Zm{bmbng bg Ynfrdgbm ynff`g'Md' A' Kn' ?81=;3$=?9'

59' Unge& G' M'< Dmgf`r$Hm{{bs& D' ;99?' Rmong $m Gù Q`mfmgc s`msngmf zm{bmbng mgcsn{me` {bmf' Oh`dbs{r bg Gù Q`mfmgc :5(="1:3$::'

5=' Rmge& X'< Abmge& U'< Cbge& K' ;99:' Bg zb{ny{nymembng nj zb{ps$j{`` rmong (_dmffmghps sngohbjnfbps ' Qhàbmge Cmxp` Xp`kmn&Gnger` Rp _h`gedbge L`xp`kmg ?;(="1 0=$00'

5;' Qm{cbgb& @' =22=' @hgnknmgbomf gn`s ng+Rmong&+ Ynfrdgbm sngohbjnfbm (Ms`{mo`m`"'@ongndbo knmgr' 30 (="1 5;$80'



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Factsheet: Datos botánicos de Yacón

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