Fascinacion comisiones

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antípoda nº4 ENERO-JUNIO dE 2007 págINas 207-224 IssN 1900-5407

FEcha dE REcEpcIóN: abril de 2007 | FEcha dE acEptacIóN: Mayo de 2007

A L L A B O A R D T H E T R U T HB A N D W A G O N : X M T F U R

F S T W T H T R U T H M M S S S

S a r a P a r k e r

PhD Candidate, Department o Political Science and International Relations

University o Delaware, Newark, Delaware, usa

[email protected]

a b s t r a c t Th casg s ad pplaty

th tth cmmss ccds wth a

casg tst th stdy tastal

stc gal. Aths, pltcas, ad pac

pactts alk a all ts td lag

hw w ca hlp scts wackd by gss

hma ghts abss ad ccl wth th

pasts wth th ltmat gal pvtg t

atcts. Gv th latv wss th

tth cmmss as a tastal stc pt,th s mch t stdy. o aa stdy that

lacks attt sts wth th da tsl : Why has

th tth cmmss g m a -xstt

tastal stc mchasm t a accptd

s qckly? Ths pap ps dscss

ths ss by xamg pssbl ass tth

cmmsss hav bcm s ppla.

K e y w o r d s :

Tth Cmmss, Tastal jstc,

rcclat

r e s u M e n La ppladad d las cmss

d la vdad ccd c tés p l

std d la stca tascal gal.

Ats, plítcs y actvstas p la paz stá

tds tsads apd cóm s

pd ayda a las scdads dvastadas p

gavs vlacs a ls dchs hmas a

cclas c s pasad c l ppóst

al d pv tas atcdads. S

mbag s ha dagad acca d lasazs p las cals las cmss d la

vdad ha sd acptadas ta ápdamt

cm mcasm d stca tascal. est

taba xama psbls azs dl pqé

dchas cmss s ha vlt ta pplas.

P a l a b r a s c l a v e :

Cmss d la vdad, stca

tascal, cclacó.

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A N T Í P O D A N º 4 | e n e r o - j u n i o 2 0 0 7

2 0 8

A L L A B O A R D T H E T R U T HB A N D W A G O N : X M T F U RF S T W T H T R U T H M M S S S

s a r a p a r k e r

I yu no no sai yu de g yu o no usai yu commo… You must be certain o rom where you come even i you are uncertain o where you will go.

K pvb ppla p-wa Ftw, Sa L (Pham, 2005: xxi)

Introduction

During iberia’s Fall 00 presidential election

m, Jh-S m h h w -

h w m . U w h k-

, h h h Th mm. Sh

mk h h w “” : “ m w hv

m v h wh h h , hm m m h

w w v” (bbc, 2/12/26). , vm 26,

m m’ h-w m h

mm h m’ v w.

m h m : “W

h m h J P w h

h h wh h h ” ( Inte-

national Heald Tibne, 11/23/26). v

. Fm (26: 11) w: “D -

w m, h h mm h m x -

w h m ”.

v h h hv mm h m-

m 1982 ( 1), w mm hv

m h. K (25: 362) x, “Dm h

000 Antipoda_4.indb 208 16/10/07 09:56:49



A L L A B O A R D T H E T R U T H B A N D W A G O N : A N E X A M I N A T I O N … | S a r a h p a r k e r

2 0 9

h, mm v , m h m -

m m v h ”. m

v, h mh (26: 15) Gh’ m-

m h mm: “ trc h m -

m, f h h

h v v”. h v m h

Pm Th mm (Sh, 1997). J h

, h h mm w v h ,

mh v m j ,

m h m.

h h mm

wh h j . -

h, , k hw w h wk hm h

wh h . Um, j f h v -

. h mm – j

– . Gv h xm h m-

h h mm h, h h -

w x. Y, h mh w kw.

Kz w:

hh , v v h

h –wh , f wh - k– mk

v ’ k wh -, m

m, h

w h h mm h m

h -m m (23: 43).

Kz m m h wh hv m h

h mm. R B (27: 2) w, “… m h

h h h h q h h h

h mm”. Mh h m w hv h mm-

“… mv v v” (Bhm, 27).

Mf (24: 356) h “m h -m f

m h- mhm m h h -

m v” h h- v v h

h mhm. D h-, h w, m

h j h fv h-. , h

k: “ jm h-, wh m -

v fv m ?” (M-

f, 24: 375).

000 Antipoda_4.indb 209 16/10/07 09:56:49




211

m h m -

, “ v h w m m

h m w” (Fm, 26: 9). h

, h kh m w h

m h fv v m h m h

hm. h w h k h , h k

w m k. U , un, h

mm :

Wh h mm h , h

f m m h , hv h -

wh mv m m-

– k– w h k h j m

de facto de je m (26).

H (1991) h h k q m

vm whh h w q m -

k w wh h h

m, m h m h m m-

, h . Bhm (27: 29) h h

m “… q m h m m v

x wh h mm k m”. x

h h h h mm wh v -

h m .h m j -

k h

, -

v m m hm h . j m

h m m h h

h m m, h Rw

h x. m j, h , -

, j, wk (Fm, 26). Fhm,

h m k m h w m-

f (Fm, 26).

Dm whm – whm –

v. h -

h m mm h k q-

v h v m,

“v j” (Kmk et al ., 26). Gm h mm

- h m h

h z m m W (T, 2).

000 Antipoda_4.indb 211 16/10/07 09:56:50




212

Th mm “… hv m h

wh h vm m”, w D P

(26). Sh hv h h mm f -

v wh v, m -

h . h w, h h mm h

h , m h k

m , m m k-

wh h .

The “after fact” expla nation

h h hm h , h k

Rw, S, D w h h -

. K w:

P f m xm

xm h vv W m , -

, m z w-h

v : h w, hh m -

z (23: 172).

H h vm z

v v m m h m -

z, “… wh wh wh m f h m

h vm m h m k h h -, mv h h m m h v

w” (K, 23: 176).

h mm h v wh

h . h mm h mm-

v . Y, h mm k

j v h h mm

wh h h m v hv

v. (25: 113) h h m-

mm “… h w ’ . ,

h mm h h h-k -

h h h w

m ”. w, h , k h

m , “h h mv”

h hm h (, 25: 115).

xm, k h U S, whh h hh v

m h h mm h hv k m.

m h , h u.s. w vv h h-

m v h h mm w. 1992,

000 Antipoda_4.indb 212 16/10/07 09:56:50




213

h u.s. S Dm m u.s. h S-

v Th mm, m v m h

mm v. “W h wk”, m h u.s. S

Dm B –u.s. State Depatment Dipatc Magazine, 1992–.

w , S S M K. h , “ Th m-

m Sv h m h wk” h h

S/Skm Wh, d.c. h

“… xm h m h un- Sv Th

mm h u.s. h

h Dm S” (u.s. State Depatment Blletin #25, 1993). m

h u.s. Sv’

Th mm h m W

z v .Hwv, h , , h wh -

m h m whh hm h w

w .

m m , mk m

h mm v . v

h mm h m h $5, h $35 m

Sh (H, 21). Sh ’ mm h h f

h mm, wh v w h v v

(H, 21). h T h Fm Y-v, icty, H 26 27 v $275 m.

h v, whh h j h , j -

q 1.

The “transitional justice bandwagon” explanation

m “bnt” m z h Sh -

Th R mm, trc. m h -

hm, h v mm wh

v. m Sh ’ m , -

“… v, -

, bnt vmz” (K,

2: 81). h v

w . j v

h w, m h J h M, m h J-h

(K, 2).

1 icty Regular Budget. Avalabl at: http://www..g/cty/glac-/dx.htm

000 Antipoda_4.indb 213 16/10/07 09:56:50




214

D h m h Rm m h v h h h

mm h v m m w

m ; k 411 bce, h h 43 bce (,

24). Sm, h Fh m h k 1814

1815 hz h m -w m, -

, v m (, 24).

D h h j, h

h w h h h x . M

, m – x h Tk –, h

v m xm j. Kz w,

jm h M T h q

m h mm -

, h “j w ” h h

h v w (23: 23).

Fm x hw h -W W ii vm h

h m j:

j m v-

m, h v mh h S W W –whh

w mj w m , mv m, w

– w w m Sv-

h m Yv S . vm -

j w m – – m

Sh h 197, m h 198, ,

, h 199 (Fm,

26: 5).

Kz (23) m m

j f h 1948 Uv D Hm

Rh, h 1966 v v P Rh, B

P h h J, h B P h

Tm P 199, m w.

v, m h Gm -

xm h k, h h h

j w 197 1989. h h w,

h w m h h v -

j – 13- (Kz, 23)–. S 21, h hv

v h h mm h v (Fm,

26). M wh h “j ”, wk h v-

m mm, hv m h h

h mm m (Bhm, 27: 17). Wh h j-

000 Antipoda_4.indb 214 16/10/07 09:56:51




215

, h h mm h m

j mhm h. , D P (26: 1) m m

: “ w z m m, h

mm q hv m h -mk

”.

Sh , trc, h k h.

R B (27: 3) h Sh ’ trc, h h

mm fv m z. Fm (26: 24) w:

“vh h h wh Sh ’ trc, h h mm

wh , m… –Sh -

’ trc– h h w h

m h mm vm-

h m m”. , Fm h h trc, h m-m hv m m .

h h k h h h

mm h h m z.

h 199, ngo h Hm Rh Wh, r, k -

j f h . F xm, 1994, r m -

h centepiece h hm h f:

Wh m m hm, vm hv f-

v v, h hm, h

vm h kw hm, h v-m m m . fv hm ,

vm h m ; w

f v m z h v-

; h m h m wh hv

h ( hrw Wold Repot , 1994).

, h r . 24,

h r :

h w , h m

j h h h h v h k h 199. h x, h -

h h w’ w k h k

x h h h w. vm wh f h

m, h m, h wh m h m m-

m v h . , mhz h -

hh j mhm v m m, h

v v m ( hrw Wold Repot, 24).

U h m v

j. 26, h h U Hh mm H-

000 Antipoda_4.indb 215 16/10/07 09:56:51




216

m Rh “R w T P S”

whh hk h

mm h mm. k , “ U h

, wk h wh v , w

v h k h w h mm-

fv”. Bhm (26: 2) h h “U h

m h h mm h wk -

v v q m h vv

h 199”.

Mf (24: 355) mmz h wh h -

j wh h w: “v h -

h m h m

m h mh w v ”. wh H(21) h “ m w h-

k h m ”, h h h mm

h h h j. f, “ j-

” v. m h h mm

, h - h v

m h m m h m-

m.

“They work” explanationh w h j h, h h m-

m h qk m h mhm

h. m w, h m mhm h vm

h h . v h mm h f

h w w (T, 1999). v ,

v h fv hm

h v h w- ,

h h mm m mm .

h h h h h f v-

m. Fhm, h mm j

h hv w, vm j -

xm.

Th mm hv h x hm h

h x. , h m h -

hw h hv h. m , k m h

hm h w h h m m m-

; h m h mm m

h h. m m h mm

000 Antipoda_4.indb 216 16/10/07 09:56:51




217

v v : 1) h f; 2)

, 3) m v h h; 4)

mz2. xm h h 3.

Deterrence

Th mm x, w R m (2: 6)

“… w v , mv wh

h ”. m (1996: 88)

w: “ h mm v h m w

v mh”. hh h

v h h mm v v-

, h hh hv f m h m

hv q. Fhm, h m m h mmq h v h m h w h-

m m w. Bhm (27: 19) w: “B

h hm h h

h h v , v -

h k h mm m h

h...”. m h kw

hw v w w h v h v-

h .

W h h mm, R (25: 131) x- h h m h “… h h mm -

h h , h m

h h h v m”. h m-

m f vm, h m, wh h h

h h m v. v hh v -

h mm m , “h v

hm h m h m f m” (Bhm, 27: 27).

Psychological healing

h mj m h h mm mk h

h h- v vm wh h h x-

(H, 21). “h h m hh, -

, j mkk, h mm m h

h h h” (Mw, 1998: 61). Wh v h h

2 Mdl (2004) dvds th bts tth-tllg –as ppsd t cmmsss– t smla catgs.3 i wat t mak cla that ths clams a hghly ctstd. Ths dscss th ascbd bts s mat t

ctbt t th ma qst ths pap attmpts t asw, amly, why tth cmmsss a s ppla.

000 Antipoda_4.indb 217 16/10/07 09:56:52




218

x, “… h m m hh m m -

hm hm v,

v w” (Mw, 1998: 66). h v-

m, Mw (1998) x h kwm hh

h v h. Q (23: 9) w: “

h w kwm v, , m-

, ”. xm hw h wk, Kmk et al .

(26: 299) h h mm h S “… kw h

h ’ v h h. mm h

h mhv w, v h mv

wh h, w h h h v h

”.

h- h mm f - m h whh . Wh ,

h mm m vm- j. T -

v h v vm j

f m v j, “, m w wh

m v h h ”. Sv j, h h h,

“… h hm w (…). v

j z, j x w h -

m m v j” (Rm, 22: 81-2).

B m j , h vm h .

Wh h vm v hm h

h h , h hv h h

m h vm (Hm, 1992; R-

m, 22). v, h mm m “m

m w” v h (K, 2: 74).

h mm v w m h :

… m , whh w h

wh ; kwm –h h, k h m, mm

wh w v v–; h v v-

h wk (K, 2: 73).

h v h hh

. Y, xm wh h hv h -

h h . F xm, h w q

h k v h vm h Gm Th mm

, Gatemala: Memoy of Silence:

000 Antipoda_4.indb 218 16/10/07 09:56:52




219

w hw h m h vm’ . H h

h m w : ‘ h mh -

hm… ’ k h… ’m hm …

w hm , m, . B ’, … h h v- m m… ’m hm , w -

h w m “h k hm… h h mm m, h w

…”, h w w (hm B, 21: 12).

Reconciliation

Wh h m “” v -,

m h h m h h m h -

w h mm . h, 1991, w h

h m “” h mm, -

m h h h v w m . Sh w 1995 w .

Sh , h m hv h w “”

h h mm. m hv

h h wk. F xm, Sh ,

h trc R R w h

v h w vm hmv, k m.

trc h vm w ; h

f “mm h h x h

v hm h v h mm-m ” (Mw, 1998: 75).

, h mm m mm-

. h m w, hh w

v, h h , hh -

m , , . , h m h m-

m mk hm h f m

v. F xm, x x -

, h icty h m/. m h

h mm v, whh k m m v

h v m h m

h .

Democracy

h m h wh wk -

j q h h w v

j mhm h m. T j

mhm h -

000 Antipoda_4.indb 219 16/10/07 09:56:52




2 2 0

m. S j h, “… h

wh whh h h m h m

w w w w mw -

m m v” (Mm, 1997: x). D

B et al. (21: 1) h hw wh h h

“… h m m h q h

m h m ”.

w m vm mm j mhm

m k wh h h m m-

h v h m hm

(Mm, 1997). h wh hv h

j mm - h h w

vm q h “… v h q m” (Mm, 1997: xv).

v h h h mm

h mz . m w h h mm-

hh h q m. m-

w wh h , h mm h h

w hm h. , h h mm

v h vz m kw v

f m h wh j m (Bhm, 25). Fhm,

v , h mm m , whh D (1997: 286) “…

h w ”.

Wh h wh m v h

v h x w h hm h mm

m , h m x h.

Bhm (25) h h – – h m

h mm h m hm h. Wh h q-

v h h mm h m m

mz f w v m

hm h, v h wh hv xm h Sh hv

m v m h h mm hv m h -

. R (27) k hw m -

mz h h trc hv m. Bhm

(25) v vvw h h hv m

h mm hv h hm h . -

m . h m-

m v m hm h

m f hw

000 Antipoda_4.indb 220 16/10/07 09:56:53




2 21

v hh h k j m, h wh-

h m (Bhm, 25).

Discussion

kw whh h x m

h wh h h mm h h -

, h h h v h m.

Y, h h m h h mm-

f whh x . m

f w mm h mm h

f m mz, v h m-

m h v mm m

. h mm z wh - m, h f x h

mm h h v -

h. Sm, h k h mm

h h mm h -

mm. h mm -k

h v , h h wh w

h q m j w

– h– m -z- m,

wh h v . h m m/ h mm q mh h ,

h v h .

h h h, h mm mm

h ok , w v h f. D P (26:

7) h, “Dv h --

, h h v h wk h j,

– h mm– hv v w - h”. Wh

h v, h h mm -

m h m m v ,

h h, h hv xm m f .

F, h h mm mm m

m w z m j-

, h, , h m m. w hv

h h f m j , h

h z m -

mhm .

D wh h m-

m - h mm

000 Antipoda_4.indb 221 16/10/07 09:56:53




2 2 2

h mm. W m v

wh h mm mm wh h q -

v whh h m h hv m h m-

h ’ , v ,

hm h .

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2 2 4

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