GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able...

42
GCSE Physical Education

Transcript of GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able...

Page 1: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

GCSE Physical Education

Page 2: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Write down as many muscle groups you can remember. There are 11 that you need to know for the exam.

Now state their position on the body

Page 3: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Deltoid

Biceps

Abdominals

Quadriceps

Pectorals

LatissimusDorsi

Trapezius

Triceps

Gluteals

Hamstrings

Gastrocnemius

Lesson Focus- What are the names of the major muscle groups? Where are they located, and what movement occurs when they contract (shorten)?

Page 4: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

PectoralsDeltoids

Biceps

Abdominals

Quadriceps Hamstrings

Latissimus Dorsi

Trapezius

Triceps

Gastrocnemius

Gluteals

Front View Back View

The Muscular SystemThese are the major muscles of the body…

Skip to labelled diagram

Page 5: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Topic Area Learners must:

Location of major muscle groups

know the name and location of the following muscle groups in the human body and be

able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport:

- deltoid

- trapezius

- latissimus dorsi

- pectorals

- biceps

- triceps

- abdominals

- quadriceps

- hamstrings

- gluteals

- gastrocnemius.

The roles of muscle in movement

know the definitions and roles of the following and be able to apply them to examples

from physical activity/sport:

- agonist

- antagonist

- fixator

- antagonistic muscle action.

Page 6: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Lesson Focus- What are the names of the major muscle

groups? Where are they located, and what movement occurs when they contract (shorten)?

How are you going to achieve this?

Starter Activity –1. Identify prior knowledge of the muscular system.2. Names of the major muscle groups.3. The location of the

muscles on the body.

4. Muscular contraction and movement occurring.

Your steps to successAspire –To gain knowledge of and understand the major muscle groups and where they are located.

Challenge – To examine what movement occurs when each muscle contracts.

Excel – Appreciate how muscle can work together to produce movement and explain antagonistic muscle action.

Chances to develop literacy and numeracy – Key words: Muscle Deltoid Biceps Triceps Quadriceps Hamstrings Gastrocnemius Latissimus Dorsi Trapezius Abdominals Gluteals Pectorals

Page 7: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Create a table in your books, with 3 columns, stating where the muscles are located.

Don’t complete the 3rd column yet.

Lesson Focus- What are the names of the major muscle groups? Where are they located, and what movement occurs when they contract (shorten)?

Page 8: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Muscle Position in Body Main Action

1. Deltoids ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

2. Biceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3. Abdominals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4. Quadriceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5. Pectorals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

6. Latissmus dorsi ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

7. Trapezius ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

8. Triceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

9. Gluteals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

10. Hamstrings ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

11. Gastrocnemius ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Page 9: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Muscle Position in Body Main Action

1. Deltoids __________________

__________________

__________________

___________________________

___________________________

___________________________

Lesson Focus- What are the names of the major muscle groups? Where are they located, and what movement occurs when they contract (shorten)?

Page 10: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Muscle Position in Body Main Action1. Deltoids ______________

______________

______________

____________________

____________________

____________________

2. Biceps ______________

______________

______________

____________________

____________________

____________________

Page 11: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Muscle Position in Body Main Action1. Deltoids ______________

______________

______________

____________________

____________________

____________________

2. Biceps ______________

______________

______________

____________________

____________________

____________________

3. Abdominals ______________

______________

______________

____________________

____________________

____________________

Page 12: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Muscle Position in Body Main Action1. Deltoids _______________

_______________

________________

______________________

______________________

________________________

2. Biceps _______________

_______________

________________

______________________

______________________

________________________

3. Abdominals _______________

_______________

________________

______________________

______________________

________________________

4. Quadriceps _______________

_______________

________________

______________________

______________________

________________________

Page 13: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Muscle Position in Body Main Action1. Deltoids ________________

________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

2. Biceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3. Abdominals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4. Quadriceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5. Pectorals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Page 14: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Muscle Position in Body Main Action1. Deltoids ________________

________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

2. Biceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3. Abdominals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4. Quadriceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5. Pectorals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

6. Latissmus dorsi ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Page 15: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Muscle Position in Body Main Action1. Deltoids ________________

________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

2. Biceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3. Abdominals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4. Quadriceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5. Pectorals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

6. Latissmus dorsi ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

7. Trapezius ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Page 16: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Muscle Position in Body Main Action1. Deltoids ________________

________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

2. Biceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3. Abdominals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4. Quadriceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5. Pectorals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

6. Latissmus dorsi ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

7. Trapezius ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

8. Triceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Page 17: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Muscle Position in Body Main Action1. Deltoids ________________

________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

2. Biceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3. Abdominals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4. Quadriceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5. Pectorals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

6. Latissmus dorsi ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

7. Trapezius ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

8. Triceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

9. Gluteals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Page 18: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Muscle Position in Body Main Action

1. Deltoids ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

2. Biceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3. Abdominals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4. Quadriceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5. Pectorals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

6. Latissmus dorsi ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

7. Trapezius ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

8. Triceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

9. Gluteals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

10. Hamstrings ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Page 19: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Muscle Position in Body Main Action

1. Deltoids ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

2. Biceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3. Abdominals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4. Quadriceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5. Pectorals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

6. Latissmus dorsi ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

7. Trapezius ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

8. Triceps ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

9. Gluteals ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

10. Hamstring ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

11. Gastrocnemius ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Page 20: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Page 21: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Write down what you can remember about the following movements:◦ Flexion

◦ Extension

◦ Adduction

◦ Abduction

◦ Rotation

◦ Circumduction

Page 22: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

If, when a muscle contracts, it shortens and pulls on the bone it is attached to, think about what movement each muscle would cause when it contracts.

Add this to your table

Page 23: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Page 24: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Page 25: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Lesson Focus- Antagonistic Muscle Action

How are you going to achieve this?

Starter Activity –1. Identify prior knowledge of the muscular system.2. Names of the major muscle groups.3. The location of the

muscles on the body.

4. Muscular contraction and movement occurring.

Your steps to successAspire –To gain knowledge of and understand the major muscle groups and where they are located.

Challenge – To examine what movement occurs when each muscle contracts.

Excel – Appreciate how muscle can work together to produce movement and explain antagonistic muscle action.

Chances to develop literacy and numeracy – Key words: Muscle Deltoid Biceps Triceps Quadriceps Hamstrings Gastrocnemius Latissimus Dorsi Trapezius Abdominals Gluteals Pectorals

Page 26: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Lesson Focus-Antagonistic Muscle Action

Page 27: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Antagonistic Muscle Action

• For 3 marks, explain what is meant by Antagonistic Muscle Action

• Give a sporting example, and name any muscles involved

Lesson Focus-Antagonistic Muscle Action

Page 28: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

◼ Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are attached to the bones by strong cords known as tendons.

Movement of the armat the elbow

Antagonistic Muscle Action

◼ They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing in turn to create movement.

◼ The muscle doing the work (contracting) and creating the movement is called the agonist or prime mover.

◼ The muscle which is relaxing and letting the movement take place is called the antagonist.

Lesson Focus-Antagonistic Muscle Action

Page 29: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Agonist or Prime Mover(Biceps contract)

◼ The muscle doing the work (contracting) and creating the movement is called the agonist or prime mover.

Flexion (Bending) of the Arm

Antagonist(Triceps relax)

◼ The muscle which is relaxing and letting the movement take placeis called the antagonist.

◼ Other muscles support the agonist (prime mover) in creating movement and these are called fixator muscles.

Lesson Focus-Antagonistic Muscle Action

Page 30: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

The biceps and triceps

work together as an

antagonistic pair to move

the elbow joint.

To flex the elbow, the

biceps (the Prime Mover) contracts and the triceps

(the Antagonist) relaxes.

To extend the elbow, the

actions are reversed so

that the triceps contracts

and the biceps relaxes.

Lesson Focus-Antagonistic Muscle Action

Page 31: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

The quadriceps and hamstrings in the legs are another

antagonistic pair. Can you answer the following questions?

Which joint do they move?

What types of movement

are produced?

Which is the agonist

(prime mover) and which

is the antagonist?

quadriceps

hamstrings

Lesson Focus-Antagonistic Muscle Action

Page 32: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

•Each question is allocated six marks. This

equates to 7.5% (per question) of the

available marks for the paper, and therefore it is important that you attempt these

questions fully.

•It's almost as important for you to

understand how to structure your answers as it is to have the knowledge required to

address the question.

Page 33: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Simple StatementsCandidates will produce brief and narrative

responses, making a limited number of simple statements, probably with limited reference to

the question.

Page 34: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Developed StatementsCandidates’ responses will be mostly accurate and

include relevant factual material.

i) Developed statements, i.e. simple statements with explanation or additional information

ii) Developed statements will provide examples from physical activity to support responses and illustrate impact on performance.

iii) Basic (but accurate) conclusion in line with previous points.

Page 35: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Candidates’ writing communicates ideas with accurate use of appropriate terminology, and the organisation of the response shows some direction and control. There will be few errors in spelling, punctuation and grammar.

Page 36: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Page 37: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

*15 A healthy, active lifestyle will have an

impact on the body systems. Describe

some of the effects of participation on the body’s muscular system.

Page 38: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Introduction – State that exercise affects the body in many ways, and mention something to the effect that the muscular system is also affected, both in the immediate short term, and long term due to regular training.

Section 1 – Discuss the immediate effects of exercise on the muscular system (this might be explained in 2 or 3 paragraphs). Remember to develop simple statements into higher level answers, by using examples and explanations –Why does the body react in this way?

Section 2 – Discuss the long term adaptations to the muscular system as a result of regular training (again, in more that one paragraph)

Conclusion – Summarise the points that you have made, and give an opinion to state how exercise can benefit the body systems, in particular the muscular system, due to the points you have made. Use phrases like “to conclude” or “in conclusion”.

Page 39: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Increased demand for fuel/Oxygen.Why?Muscles need oxygen for energy.

Increased production of Carbon Dioxide through Aerobic Respiration.

Production of Lactic Acid in Anaerobic respiration.

= Muscle fatigue

Blood Shunting -

Blood pumped faster to the

working muscles

that need it the most

Muscle

temperature:

Increased

elasticity of muscles

Page 40: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Indicative content

Aspect 1 – Immediate/short-term effects

1. Increased demand for oxygen/energy for muscular work

2. Increased carbon dioxide production

3. Increased temperature

4. Lactic acid production (during anaerobic work) (energy conversion)

5. Muscle fatigue Do not accept tire/ache

6. Blood Shunting - Blood pumped faster to the working muscles that need it the most

Aspect 2 – Regular participation/long term effects

7. Increased strength of ligaments/tendons

8. Hypertrophy – Muscle increase in size/thickness

9. Increased size/strength of skeletal muscle

10. Increased muscular endurance

11. Muscles become better at using oxygen and long-term energy stores (especially fat) and work better over long periods of time = Resistance to fatigue

Page 41: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Hypertrophy – Muscle increase in size/thickness

Adaptation:

Increased StrengthEffect on performance

Eg. Weight lifter able to lift heavy weight/Gymnast able to hold own body weight.

Adaptation:

Increased Muscular EnduranceEffect on performance

Eg. Marathon runner able to complete a race.

Muscles become better at using oxygen and long-term energy stores (especially fat) and work better over long periods of time.

= Resistance to fatigue

Page 42: GCSE Physical Education - Stanley High School...GCSE Physical Education. General Document ... able to apply their use to examples from physical activity/sport: - deltoid - trapezius

General Document

Level Mark Descriptor

NB To access QWC marks-1. 4 lines of text minimum (to give sufficient text to access)

2. Must also have minimum of one relevant content mark3. Must be continuous writing, not bullet points / lists of text (unless in level 3 where 1 mark can be awarded for QWC)

Level 0 0 No rewardable material

Level 1 1-2 marks

i) Identify a number of simple statements describing short term effects of exercise on the muscular system. Eg. .

increased demand for oxygen … and some simple statements about long term effects.

ii) One developed simple statement E.g. When analysing short term effects of exercise on the muscular system,

one effect could be an increased demand for oxygen … This can occur because … . If this change did not take place …

iii) Basic (but accurate) conclusion IF discussion of other effects.

Candidate’s writing is legible and communicates ideas using everyday language, but lacks clarity and organisation. There will be errors in candidates’ spelling, grammar and punctuation.

Level 2 3-4 marks

i) Developed statements identifying short and long term effects and examples/explanations of each.

ii) Direct comparison of effects that might affect the situation in the question.

iii) Accurate conclusion based on comparison of different effects of participation with each other and how they can be related to the scenario.

Candidate’s writing communicates with accurate use of appropriate terminology, and the organisation of the response shows direction.

There will be few errors in candidates’ spelling, grammar and punctuation.

Level 3 5-6 marks

i) Developed statements balanced and succinct. (keep to the point, not waffle!)

ii) Justified conclusion based on points raised

Candidate’s writing communicates ideas effectively using appropriate terminology, material clearly organised. Spelling, punctuation and grammar are accurate throughout the response.