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88 -89 ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY

TEHRAN RESERCH & SCIENCES BRANCH

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RS & GIS THESIS

SUBJECT:

Monitoring coastline changes, using RS & GIS (Case study: Part of Bushehr coasts)

SUPERVISOR: DR. A. A. ALSHEIKH

ADVISOR: DR. M. SOLTANPOR

DR. M. KHEIRKHAH ZARKESH

AUTHOR: ALI KOUROSH NIYA

Academic year: 1388-89

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)COASTLINE (

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ArcGIS-9.3

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Abstract:

In both developed and developing countries the coastal zone is likely to undergo the most profound change in the near future. Already more than 60 percent of the world's population lives within 60 km of the coast. By the turn of the century two-thirds of the population (3.7 billion) in developing countries occupied the coast. Consequently, unless careful environmental management and planning are instituted, severe conflicts over coastal space and resource utilisation are likely, and the degradation of natural resources will close development options. In addition to the population pressure, the world s coastal areas and small islands are highly vulnerable to climate change. Low-lying delta, barrier coasts, low-elevation reef islands, and coral atolls are especially sensitive to rising sea level, as well as to changes in rainfall, storm frequency, and intensity. Inundation, flooding, erosion, and saltwater intrusion are only a few of the potential impacts of climate change. Iran, connected to Caspian Sea in its north and to Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman in its south, has totally about 5700 kilometers(scale 1:25000)coastlines and this country has the largest coastline in the Persian Gulf. A part of this coastline is located in Bushehr Province. For coastal zone monitoring, coastline extraction in various times is a fundamental work. Coastline is defined as the line of contact between land and a body of water. Coastline is one of the most important linear features on the earth's surface. Coastlines have a dynamic nature, therefore, coastal zone management requires the information about coastline changes.. Types and nature of Iran's coastal zone problems can be categorized as described below : a) Issues caused by natural phenomena Sea-water level rise in the Caspian Sea coastal areas, and coastal erosion are two major issues that have caused irreparable damages to properties and installations in the coastline. b) Issues caused by human activities in the coastal areas Rapid population growth, pollution in the coastal areas (land-based pollution), and over exploitation of natural resources are some of the major concerns in this category. c) Problems associated with the absence of a master plan This type of problems has caused conflicting issues between different governmental sectors or private entities. Inappropriate land allocations, irregular construction, and interference of tasks and responsibilities of different executive bodies in the coastal areas are some of the consequences of the absence of a general master plan. d) Social problems Decrease in the investment rate in the coastal ventures, unemployment, and smuggling of goods are some of the social problems than can be mentioned here. Remote Sensing (RS) technology and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are relatively new and potentially valuable tools that play unique roles for data acquisition as an economical method for

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coastal zone management. The study area of this research is located in Bushehr province(from Naiband bay to Daier port). The main objective of this research is to estimate the coastline changes in the period of 1990 to 2005 using RS and GIS. In this research satellite TM data dated 1990 with ETM+ satellite data of 2000 and 2005 were compared in order to deduce changes. The result was calibrated to the topography map and field observations. All the satellite data are geocoded and further georeferenced. Different image processing techniques are carried out to enhance the changes from 1990 to 2005. Band math, band ratio, supervised and unsupervised classification, post classification, band selection and masking are applied using ARCGIS v9.3 software

. In this research, Persian Gulf coastlines (case study area) extracted from

ETM+ and TM imagery. These changes in study area coastline are perpetual. But the coastline has been changed greatly from 2001 to 2005 year. These great changes have happened as the result of south Pars exclusive zone of energy (asaloyeh). Also, in this investigation we applied a new approach for coastline extraction, in which we utilized histogram thresholding and band ratio techniques together.