Grafics Hardware

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GVC-432Lecture

Ref: Donald Hearn & M. Pauline Baker,

Computer Graphics (Chapter 2)

Foley, van Dam, Feiner & Hughes,

Computer Graphics Principles & Practice

Dr Pavan Chakraborty

IIIT-Allahabad

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad

GRAPHICS HARDWARE

Input & Output Devices
http://www.lost-world.com/Lost_World02/Jurassic_Park.Site/Jurassic_Park.html


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GRAPHICS HARDWARE

Graphics Input Devices



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C!pnents f "n Inte#"ctive

G#"p$ics S%ste! G#"p$ics H"#'("#e

- G#"p$ics Input "n' St#")e 'evices

- G#"p$ics Disp*"% 'evices

G#"p$ics Sft("#e- Gene#"* P#)#"!!in) p"c+")es

- Speci"*-pu#pse "pp*ic"tins p"c+")es



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i)u#e: C!pnents f " t%pic"* inte#"ctive )#"p$ics s%ste!



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G#"p$ics Input Devices

An% 'evice t$"t "**(s inf#!"tin f#!utsi'e t$e c!pute# t e c!!unic"te' t

t$e c!pute# is cnsi'e#e' "n input device. /n'e#st"n'in) f v"#ius input 'evices is

i!p#t"nt in #'e# t cnst#uct $i)$-0u"*it%

graphical user-interfaces. Input 'evices "#e f t( "sic t%pes: "n"*)"n' 'i)it"*.



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C!!n*% use' An"*) Input Devices

1cnve#t " )#"p$ic s%ste! use#s !ve!ents

int c$"n)es in v*t")e

P"''*e cnt#*,

#"c+"**,

5use, "n'

6%stic+



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C!!n*% use' Di)it"* Input Devices

1"#e "ctu"**% "n"*) 'evices t$"t c**ect input

inf#!"tin in 'isc#ete f#!

7i)$t pen, 5")netic pen "n' t"*et,

uc$ P"ne*, "n'

8e%"#' Di)iti9e#s

I!")e Sc"nne#s



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P"''*e Cnt#*

Si!p*est f t$e "n"*) input 'evices.

$e p"''*e cnt#* v"#ies its #esist"nce,

t$e#e% c$"n)in) t$e v*t")e f t$e inputci#cuit in #e*"tin t t$e !ve!ent f t$ep"''*es cnt#* +n.

C!!n*%, t( p"''*e cnt#*s "#e use' in

)#"p$ics s%ste!, ne t cnt#* !ve!entin t$e -'i#ectin "n' ne t cnt#*!ve!ent in t$e %-'i#ectin.



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i)u#e: P"''*e Cnt#*



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#"c+"**

#"c+"** is n#!"**% pe#"te' % #**in)

t$e "** (it$ t$e p"*! f t$e $"n'.

It !ec$"nic"**% c!ines t( v"#i"*e

#esist#s in " sin)*e 'evice, t$us "**(in)

t$e use# t use ne $"n' t ente# t$ "n'

% inf#!"tin (it$ " sin)*e 'evice.



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i)u#e: #"c+"**



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5use

$e !use, *i+e t#"c+"**, c!ines t( v"#i"*e#esist#s in " sin)*e 'evice.

W$ee*s # #**e#s n t$e tt! f t$e !use c"n

e use' t #ec#' t$e "!unt "n' 'i#ectin f!ve!ent. Ant$e# !et$' f# 'etectin) !use!tin is (it$ "n ptic"* sens#.

One, t( # t$#ee uttns "#e usu"**% inc*u'e' n

t$e tp f t$e !use f# si)n"*in) t$e eecutin fs!e pe#"tin, suc$ "s #ec#'in) cu#s# psitin# inv+in) " functin.



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i)u#e: 5use



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6%stic+

A ;%stic+ cnsists f " s!"**, ve#tic"* *eve#

1stic+ !unte' n " "se t$"t is use' t

stee# t$e sc#een cu#s# "#un'.

$e 'ist"nce t$"t t$e stic+ is !ve' in "n%

'i#ectin f#! its cente# psitin

c##espn's t sc#een-cu#s# !ve!ent int$"t 'i#ectin.



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i)u#e: 6%stic+



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7i)$t Pen

7i)$t pens "#e use' t se*ect sc#eenpsitins % 'etectin) t$e *i)$t c!in) f#!t$e pints n t$e CR sc#een.

$e% "#e sensitive t t$e s$#t u#st f *i)$te!itte' f#! t$e p$sp$# c"tin) "t t$einst"nt t$e e*ect#n e"! st#i+es " p"#ticu*"#

pint. $e #ec#'e' *i)$t-pen c#'in"tes c"n e

use' t psitin "n ;ect # t se*ect "p#cessin) ptin.



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i)u#e: 7i)$t pen s%ste!



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5")netic pen "n' t"*et

A !")netic pen "n' t"*et "#e c!pse' f

" t(-'i!ensin"* (i#e )#i' "n' "

#"'i("ve-e!ittin) st%*us. $e (i#e )#i' is " !"t#i "ntenn" ($ic$

*c"tes t$e psitin f t$e st%*us !e"su#in)

t$e intensit% f t$e #"'i si)n"* #eceive' %e"c$ (i#e in t$e )#i'.



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i)u#e: 5")netic "*et



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uc$ P"ne*

uc$ p"ne*s "**( 'isp*"%e' ;ects #sc#een psitins t e se*ecte' (it$ t$etuc$ f " fin)e#.

Optic"* tuc$ p"ne*s !"+e use f " se#ies finf#"#e' *i)$t-e!ittin) 'i'es 17EDs "n'sens#s *c"te' "#un' t$e pe#i!ete# f t$e

'isp*"%. W$en t$e use# tuc$es t$e sc#een, *i)$te"!s "#e #+en, in'ic"tin) t$e *c"tin ft$e use#s fin)e#.



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i)u#e: Optic"* uc$ P"ne*



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8e%"#'

$e +e%"#' is "n efficient 'evice f# inputtin)nn)#"p$ic '"t" "s pictu#e *eve*s "ssci"te' (it$ ")#"p$ic 'isp*"%.

8e%"#'s c"n "*s e p#vi'e' (it$ fe"tu#es tf"ci*it"te ent#% f sc#een c#'in"tes, !enuse*ectins, # )#"p$ic functins.

Function keys"**( use#s t ente# f#e0uent*% use'

pe#"tins in " sin)*e +e%st#+e, "n' cursor-controlkeysc"n e use' t se*ect 'isp*"%e' ;ects #c#'in"te psitins % psitinin) t$e sc#eencu#s#.



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i)u#e: E#)n!ic"**% 'esi)ne' +e%"#'

(it$ #e!v"*e p"*! #ests



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Di)iti9e#s

A c!!n 'evice f# inte#"ctive*% se*ectin)c#'in"te psitins n " ;ect is "'i)iti9e#.

$ese 'isc#ete c#'in"te psitins c"n e;ine' (it$ st#"i)$t-*ine se)!ents t"pp#i!"te t$e cu#ve # su#f"ce s$"pes.

G#"p$ic t"*ets p#vi'e " $i)$*% "ccu#"te!et$' f# se*ectin) c#'in"te psitins(it$ "ccu#"c% f "ut


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Di)iti9e#s

5"n% )#"p$ic t"*ets "#e cnst#ucte' (it$ "

#ect"n)u*"# )#i' f (i#es e!e''e' in t$e

t"*et su#f"ce.

E*ect#!")netic pu*ses "#e )ene#"te' in

se0uence "*n) t$e (i#es, "n' "n e*ect#ic

si)n"* is in'uce' in " (i#e ci* in "n

"ctiv"te' stylus# $"n' cu#s# t #ec#' "

t"*et psitin.

Cnt'>



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i)u#e: Di)iti9e#



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I!")e Sc"nne#s

An i!")e sc"nne# #ec#'s t$e )#"'"tins f)#"% sc"*e?c*# f " )iven c*# # ?(p$ts "n' st#es in "n "##"%.

On st#es i!")e, (e c"n "pp*%t#"nsf#!"tins t #t"te, sc"*e, c#p t$epictu#e t " p"#ticu*"# sc#een "#e".

We c"n "*s "pp*% v"#ius i!")e p#cessin)!et$'s t !'if% t$e "##"% #ep#esent"tinf t$e pictu#e 1e.). cnt#"st en$"nce!ent.



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i)u#e: *"te' sc"nne#



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i)u#e: D"t"G*ve



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G#"p$ic St#")e #!"ts

Re)"#'*ess f t$e st#")e !e'iu! se*ecte',t$e )#"p$ics s%ste! 'esi)ne# (i** "*("%s

use s!e c!in"tin f t$e f**(in)"sic st#")e f#!"ts:

@. I!")e-n*% St#")e

2. Disp*"%-!e!#% St#")e3. C!p#esse'-!e!#% St#")e

4. Inf#!"tin St#")e



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I!")e-On*% St#")e

He#e t$e vi'e i!")e is #et"ine' n vi'e

t"pe # vi'e 'is+ # "s " p$t)#"p$.

St#")e f i!")es in t$is f"s$in is#e*"tive*% inepensive.

Once t$e i!")e is st#e', it is 'ifficu*t "n'

epensive t #est#e it t t$e c!pute# f#fu#t$e# !"nipu*"tin.



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Disp*"%-5e!#% St#")e

He#e t$e it p"tte#n t$"t #ep#esents t$ei!")e is cpie' 'i#ect*% f#! 'isp*"%

!e!#% t t$e st#")e !e'iu!.

A uti*it% p#)#"! !"% e use' t s"ve*c+s f t$e c!pute# !e!#% % p"ssin)

t$e st"#tin) "n' en'in) "''#esses f t$e

'isp*"% !e!#%. D#"("c+: St#in) i!")es in t$is !"nne#

#e0ui#es " )#e"t 'e"* f !e!#%.



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C!p#esse'-5e!#% St#")e

St#")e sp"ce c"n e )#e"t*% #e'uce' %st#in) i!")es in c!p#esse' f#!"t.

C!p#essin t"+es "'v"nt")e f #epe"te'

p"tte#ns in 'isp*"% !e!#%. C!p#essin #utines c"n e ve#% c!p*e,

t"+in) "'v"nt")e f *n) se#ies f#ep*ic"tin.

It !"% nt e usefu* ($en i!")es t es"ve' cnt"in n # fe( se#ies f #ep*ic"te'%tes.



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i)u#e: 32 @4 'isp*"%



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Inf#!"tin St#")e

It #et"ins t$e inf#!"tin 1se#ies fc!!"n's t$"t 'esc#ie t$e i!")e use' t

cnst#uct t$e i!")e. It c"n s"ve cnsi'e#"*e ti!e "n' !e!#% if

t$e i!")e t e st#e' is c!pse' enti#e*%f st"n'"#' ;ects.

$is "pp#"c$ is nt f#uitfu* if nnst"n'"#';ects "#e use'.



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E"!p*e: Inf#!"tin St#")e

17(e# *eft c#'.s 1/ppe# #i)$t c#'.s

B,4, 23,@

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