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=

NLXMV^MEL@^B NL LN\OMOI@_LOVL^MVIM M_BOIMNM NL LN\OMOI@L_XLOIMK

X.B. FBT =98:

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6

^MFKM NL OB@^L@INB

I@^VBN\OOI@..... >

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M@LGB_

M`lgb = Dbgm nl Vlalvinb $_MLL%86)

M`lgb 6 J|m xmvm Vlalviv Ls~|nim`~l m Lqmk|moi` l` Msis~l`oim ^lo`bkjiom $_MLL%=8)

M`lgb ? % Nlqbk|oi` nl vlalvinb nl Msis~l`oim ^lo`bkjiom

M`lgb > I`abvel nl Lqmk|moi` l` Msis~l`oim ^lo`bkjiom

M`lgb

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>

NLXMV^MEL@^B NL LN\OMOI@_LOVL^MVM M_BOIMNM NL LN\OMOI@ L_XLOIMKNBO\EL@^B NL ^VMFMGB XMVM KM XVBQI_I@ NL

_LVQIOIB_ NL M_I_^L@OIM ^LO@BKJIOM

I@^VBN\OOI@

Km xbfkmoi` nl ls~|nim`~ls ob` `lolsinmnls lsxloimkls xbsll |`m slvil nl

xmv~io|kmvinmnls `ioms+ kms o|mkls sl inl`~iaiom` m ~vmqs nlk xvbolsb nl l`slm`wm

xmvm xbnlv amoiki~mv |` xvbolsb nl mxvl`niwmgl lalo~iqb. Km xvbqisi` nl slvqioibs nl

msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom ~il`l lk xb~l`oimk nl elgbvmv km omkinmn nl qinm nl ls~bs

ls~|nim`~ls xvbqlyl`nb km bxbv~|`inmn nl obexl`smv s|s niaio|k~mnls y nlsmvvbkkmv s|s

dmfikinmnls y abv~mklwms. Lk |sb nl km ~lo`bkbjm ls |`m dlvvmeil`~m ~ik y ob`ql`il`~l+

l` mkj|`bs omsbs+ i`nisxl`smfkl y `lolsmvim xmvm nlsmvvbkkmv mk etieb kms

omxmoinmnls y xvlxmvmv m ls~m xbfkmoi` dmoim lk kbjvb y nisav|~l nl |`m omkinmn nl qinm

es i`nlxl`nil`~l.

Lk Nlxmv~mel`~b nl Ln|omoi`+ fmgb km xmv~l F nl km Kly INLIM y km Kly $?88.

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8: nl =994 % Kly nl Msis~l`oim ^lo`bkjiom xmvm

Xlvsb`ms ob` `lolsinmnls lsxloimkls

Ls~m kly nl~lvei`m }|l |` iexlniel`~b ls |` obexb`l`~l `m~|vmk nl km ltxlvil`oim

d|em`m+ lk o|mk `b malo~m l` abvem mkj|`m lk nlvlodb nl kms xlvsb`ms m qiqiv l` abvem

i`nlxl`nil`~l+ lglvolv km m|~b nl~lvei`moi`+ ~bemv nloisib`ls+ lglvolv xvbalsib`ls+

xmv~ioixmv l i`~ljvmvsl xkl`mel`~l l` kms obvvil`~ls lob`eioms+ xbk~ioms y sboimkls+

o|k~|vmkls y ln|om~iqms nl km sboilnmn. ^il`l lk xvbxsi~b nl m|el`~mv km ob`oil`oim nl

kms xbk~ioms y xvbolnieil`~bs }|l amoiki~l` b iexinm` km mn}|isioi` nl l}|ixb y

slvqioibs nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom. Nl b~vm xmv~l elgbvm km nisxb`ifikinmn nl

ai`m`oimoi` nl nisxbsi~iqbs+ l}|ixbs y slvqioibs nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom+ mexkim lk

ob`boieil`~b nlk |sb laiomw nl km msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom y xvbe|lql km obbvni`moi`

l`~vl kms mjl`oims ls~m~mkls y l`~inmnls xviqmnms }|l bavlol` ls~l slvqioib.

Kly =8 nl =994% Mssis~iql ^lod`bkbjy Mo~ $M^M)

Nlai`l obeb l}|ixb nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom o|mk}|ilv mv~o|kb+ l}|ixb+ nisxbsi~iqb b

sis~lem nl xvbn|o~b }|l slm mn}|ivinb l` ls~mfkloieil`~bs obelvoimkls nl kifvl

slvqioib+ ebniaiomnb b xlvsb`mkiwmnb+ }|l sl |~ikiol xmvm m|el`~mv+ ob`slvqmv b s|xlvmv

km omxmoinmn a|`oib`mk nl kms xlvsb`ms ob` `lolsinmnls lsxloimkls. I`ok|yl

xbsioib`meil`~b+ ebqikinmn+ obe|`iomoi` m|el`~m~iqm+ obex|~mnbvms+ g|j|l~ls+ g|ljbs mnmx~mnbs+ vlms nl ~vmfmgb+ qiqil`nms mnmx~mnms y mk~lv`m~iqms nl

ai`m`oimeil`~b.

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Kly + ls~mfklol }|l7 ... sl xvbqllv` slvqioibs nl msis~l`oim

~lo`bkjiom i`nisxl`smfkls l` kbjvmv kbs bfgl~iqbs nlk Xvbjvmem Ln|om~iqb

I`niqin|mkiwmnb nl kbs ls~|nim`~ls ob` iexlniel`~bs. L` lk mv~o|kb 6 fmgb km slooi`

nl Nlai`ioib`ls ls~mfklol }|l ...km msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom ls ~bnb m}|lk l}|ixb

i`nisxl`smfkl m slv |~ikiwmnb xbv xlvsb`ms ob` `lolsinmnls lsxloimkls+ ob` lk

xvbxsi~b nl m|el`~mv+ em`~l`lv b elgbvmv s|s omxmoinmnls a|`oib`mkls.

Kly =8=%>:1% I`niqin|mks zi~d Nismfiki~ils Ln|om~ib` Mo~ $INLM)

Ls~mfklol }|l omnm ls~mnb y ~lvvi~bvib nlfl xvbqllv |`m ln|omoi` xfkiom+ jvm~|i~m y

mxvbximnm+ l` lk mefil`~l el`bs vls~vio~iqb m ~bnb ls~|nim`~l ob` `lolsinmnls

lsxloimkls nl ~vls m qli`~i` mbs i`ok|siql.

Kly =84 >>1% I`niqin|mks zi~d Nismfiki~ils Ln|om~ib` Iexvbqlel`~ Mo~ ba 688>$INLIM)

Ls~mfklol qmvims mo~iqinmnls xmvm nlsmvvbkkmv lk vlm nl km ~lo`bkbjm l` fl`laioib nl km

ln|omoi` nl kbs ls~|nim`~ls ob` `lolsinmnls lsxloimkls. Abel`~m km vlmkiwmoi` nl

i`qls~ijmoib`ls+ nb`nl sl x|lnm lqinl`oimv lk |sb nl nislbs ~lo`bkjiobs

i``bqmnbvls y |`iqlvsmkls xmvm kbs `ibs ob` `lolsinmnls lsxloimkls. Nlai`l lk

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=6

ob`olx~b nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom y kbs slvqioibs }|l i`ok|yl xmvm lk nlsmvvbkkb nlkms

el~ms ln|om~iqms nl kbs ls~|nim`~ls ob` iexlniel`~bs nl mo|lvnb m kb ls~mfkloinb l`

s| xkm` ln|om~iqb xmvm xmv~ioixmv l` ij|mknmn nl ob`nioib`ls l` s| obe|`inmn lsobkmv.

Kly =8? 6=4 % Kly xmvm My|nm ^lo`bkjiom m Xlvsb`ms ob` Iexlniel`~bs nl

=944

Ls~m kly ls~mfklol kbs xvbolsbs aisomkls+ mnei`is~vm~iqbs y xvbolsmkls xmvm km xvbqisi`

nl slvqioibs nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom xmvm kbs ls~|nim`~ls ob` `lolsinmnls

lsxloimkls. Ls~mfkloi |` sis~lem nl omefib xmvm xvbebqlv mo~iqinmnls y oeb

xvbqllv |`m om`~inmn lsxloaiom m ~vmqs nl kb ab`nbs nl ^~|kb I. L`~vl kbs msxlo~bs

eln|kmvls i`ok|yl lk nlsmvvbkkb y s|xlvqisi` nl kms xbk~ioms y xvbolnieil`~bs }|l

elgbvm` lk moolsb mk ai`m`oimeil`~b nl kbs l}|ixbs y slvqioibs nl msis~l`oim. Jmvm`~iwm

lk moolsb m m}|lkkbs jv|xbs ob` xbob mkom`ol xmvm inl`~iaiomv y lqmk|mv s|s

`lolsinmnls y nikijl`oim l` km mn}|isioi` y l`~vljm nl kbs nisxbsi~iqbs nl ~lo`bkbjm

nl msis~l`oim y slvqioibs n`nbkls lsxloimk `amsis m kbs `ibs xl}|lbs.

Kly Xfkiom 99%

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=?

nlsmvvbkkmv kbs bfgl~iqbs nl km vldmfiki~moi` nl km xlvsb`m l` m}|lkkbs omsbs }|l kb

melvi~l.

Kly 99%%=>6 y km Kly Xfkiom 99%>86+ nlk 9 nl slx~ilefvl nl 6888 % Jmvm`~ms sbfvl L}|ixbs nl Msis~l`oim

^lo`bkjiom nl X|lv~b Viob

Ls~mfklol kbs nlvlodbs y vlsxb`smfikinmnls+ l` km obexvm+ ql`~m y nis~vif|oi` nl

l}|ixbs nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom xmvm xlvsb`ms ob` `lolsinmnls lsxloimkls+ nlk

em`|amo~|vlvb+ s|xkinbv+ nis~vif|inbv b ql`nlnbv. _| i`~l`oi` ls kbjvmv }|l kms

mjl`oims y nlxl`nl`oims j|flv`mel`~mkls sl mslj|vl` nl }|l lk em`|amo~|vlvb+

s|xkinbv+ nis~vif|inbv+ ql`nlnbv b mvvl`nmnbv o|exkm` ob` kms jmvm`~ms nl omkinmn y

slvqioib nl kbs l}|ixbs ~vmfmgmnbs nlsnl lk ebel`~b l` }|l lk |s|mvib vloifl lk

l}|ixb.

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=>

OBEI^ M_L_BV NL M_I_^L@OIM LO@BKJIOM $OMM^)

Ob` lk xvbxsi~b nl bavlolv |`m ls~v|o~|vm abvemk l` km xvbqisi` nl kbs slvqioibs nl

msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom+ km _lovl~mvm Msboimnm nl Ln|omoi` Lsxloimk vlok|~ |` jv|xb

nl xvbalsib`mkls olv~iaiomnbs l` lk vlm nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom y kb ob`s~i~|y obeb

lk OMM^. Ls~bs xvbalsib`mkls ls~` |fiomnbs l` kbs Ol`~vbs nl _lvqioibs nl

Ln|omoi` Lsxloimk y ~il`l` km vlsxb`smfikinmn nl kinlvmv kbs lsa|lvwbs l` kms

lqmk|moib`ls y kms vlobel`nmoib`ls nl l}|ixb m kbs ls~|nim`~ls vlalvinbs m ls~bs

slvqioibs.

A|`oib`ls nlk Obei~ Mslsbv nl Msis~l`oim ^lo`bkjiom $OMM^)

Km a|`oi` xviemvim nlk OMM^ ls slvqiv nl o|lvxb mslsbv nlk OBEX\ ob` vlkmoi` m km

xvbqisi` nl l}|ixb b slvqioib nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom vl}|lvinb xmvm lk kbjvb nl kms

el~ms y bfgl~iqbs ln|om~iqbs ls~mfkloinbs l` lk Xvbjvmem Ln|om~iqb I`niqin|mkiwmnb nlk

ls~|nim`~l. Ls~l obei~ ls~mv nisxb`ifkl xmvm mnils~vmv y bvil`~mv sbfvl kms mk~lv`m~iqms

nl l}|ixbs y slvqioibs xmvm kbs ls~|nim`~ls. L`~vl s|s a|`oib`ls xviemvims lk OMM^7

Lqmk|mv kms `lolsinmnls nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom nl kbs ls~|nim`~ls }|l kl

slm` vlalvinms xbv kbs OBEX\ nl kms lso|lkms y nis~vi~bs lsobkmvls.

Bvil`~mv mk xmnvl+ emnvl b l`omvjmnb molvom nl ~bnb kb vlkmoib`mnb ob` km

xvbqisi` nl slvqioibs nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom y kbs xmsbs m slj|iv m`~ls y

nlsx|s nl i`ioimv lk xvbolsb lqmk|m~iqb

Bavlolv mk~lv`m~iqms xmvm kkl`mv kms `lolsinmnls nl l}|ixb nl msis~l`oim

~lo`bkjiom nl kbs ls~|nim`~ls.

Mslsbvmv mk OBEX\ sbfvl km mn}|isioi` y |~ikinmn nlk l}|ixb vlobel`nmnb+

o|m`nb sl nl~lvei`l }|l ls `lolsmvib.

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=. Kbs vlalvinbs slv` vloifinbs xbv xlvsb`mk nlk OMM^ l` lk Ol`~vb nl _lvqioibs

nl Ln|omoi` Lsxloimk. Ls~bs ob~lgmv` }|l km i`abvemoi` ls~l

obexkl~m y ob` ~bnbs kbs nbo|el`~bs `lolsmvibs. Nl amk~mv i`abvemoi` slv`

nlq|lk~bs m km lso|lkm ob` km ltxkiomoi` nl km nlqbk|oi` dmoil`nb |sb nlk

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nbo|el`~b Nlqbk|oi` nl Vlalvinb nl M^. Lk emls~vb nbo|el`~mv km

i`abvemoi` vl}|lvinm y qbkqlv m sbel~lv lk vlalvinb mo~|mkiwm`nb km alodm nlk

eiseb+ nl em`lvm }|l sl x|lnm o|m`~iaiomv lk ~ilexb ~vm`so|vvinb ob`abvel m

kbs ~vei`bs ls~mfkloinbs xbv kly.

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mobexmmnb ob` em~lvimk iexvlsb y nlsovixoib`ls sbfvl l}|ixbs y slvqioibs

vlobel`nmnbs.

:. O|m`nb lk Obei~ Mslsbv nl~lvei`m ~vmei~mv |` vlalvinb m b~vb xvbqllnbv nl

slvqioibs nl lqmk|moi` l` msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom+ m|~bviwmnb xbv lk

Nlxmv~mel`~b nl Ln|omoi`+ nlfl jmvm`~iwmv }|l kms vlobel`nmoib`ls qmym`

nivijinms m sm~isamolv kms `lolsinmnls ls~mfkloinms l` lk Xvbjvmem Ln|om~iqb

I`niqin|mkiwmnb. Lk xvbqllnbv nlsij`mnb l`~vljmv mk Ol`~vb nl _lvqioibs nl

Ln|omoi` Lsxloimk l` bviji`mk y nbs obxims+ ob` dbgm nl ~vei~l i`niqin|mk xbv

lso|lkm+ xmvm omnm omsb lqmk|mnb. Ls~bs xvbqllnbvls `b xvbolsmv` vlalvinbs

}|l `b dmym` sinb ~vmei~mnbs m ~vmqs nlk OMM^ nl kbs Ol`~vbs nl _lvqioib nl

Ln|omoi` Lsxloimk+ `i niso|~iv` kbs vls|k~mnbs nl kms lqmk|moib`ls ob` kbs

xmnvls o|ym vlsxb`smfikinmn ls nl km Mjl`oim.

_lj` slm lk omsb lk OMM^ qmkinm km vlobel`nmoi` vloifinm+ sbkioi~m

i`abvemoi` mnioib`mk mk xlvsb`mk lsobkmv sbfvl lk a|`oib`meil`~b nlk ls~|nim`~l

xvlqib m lei~iv s| bxi`i` b sbkioi~m moolsb mk ltxlnil`~l nlk ls~|nim`~l xmvm vl%

lqmk|mvkb.

4. Kms lqmk|moib`ls nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom vlmkiwmnms xbv lsxloimkis~ms

i`nlxl`nil`~ls slv` vlei~inms mk OMM^. Nl ltis~iv |`m vlobel`nmoi` nl |`lsxloimkis~m i`nlxl`nil`~l olv~iaiomnb l` msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom+ xmvm km obexvm

nl |` l}|ixb l` msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom+ km emls~vm nl LL bvil`~mv mk xmnvl m

l`~vljmv niodm lqmk|moi` mobexm`nbkm nl |`m obxim nlk XLI mk Obei~

Mslsbv nl Msis~l`oim ^lo`bkjiom xmvm s| m`kisis y qmkinmoi`. L` ls~l xvbolsb

nl qmkinmoi` lk OMM^ xbnv i`qi~mv mk lsxloimkis~m i`nlxl`nil`~l l` msis~l`oim

~lo`bkjiom m niso|~iv s| lqmk|moi`+ ob` lk xvbxsi~b nl kkljmv m |` ob`sl`sb

~vm`snisoixki`mvib vlsxlo~b m kms vlobel`nmoib`ls nl l}|ixbs y slvqioibs

xvlsovi~bs xmvm lk ls~|nim`~l+ l` niodm lqmk|moi`. Ls a|`nmel`~mk }|l kbs

l}|ixbs vlobel`nmnbs m obexvm slm` kbs inl`~iaiomnbs obeb i`nisxl`smfkls y

`lolsmvibs xmvm lk kbjvb nl kms el~ms ln|om~iqms.

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Em`lgb nlk vlalvinb m lqmk|moi`

Em`lgb nl km sbkioi~|n nl Obexvm

9. \`m qlw sl vloifm` l` km lso|lkm b nis~vi~b kms vlobel`nmoib`ls nlk OMM^ l` lk

vlm nl M^+ nlfl` slv niso|~inms ob` kbs xmnvls b l`omvjmnbs. Lk OBEX\

m`mkiwmv kms vlobel`nmoib`ls m km k|w nl kms `lolsinmnls nlk `ib b gbql`.

I`obvxbvmv l` lk XLI m}|lkkms }|l dmym` sinb mqmkmnms xbv lk OBEX\+

lsxloiaiom`nb kbs lsol`mvibs nb`nl lk ls~|nim`~l `lolsi~m |~ikiwmv km ~lo`bkbjm

amoiki~m`~l+ xmvm jmvm`~iwmv s| nisxb`ifikinmn. Ls~l m`kisis slv lqinl`oimnb l` km

Ei`|~m nl Niso|si` nl Lqmk|moi` nl Msis~l`oim ^lo`bkjiom. Kbs slvqioibs b

l}|ixbs nl M^ ls~mv` nbo|el`~mnbs l` lk XLI+ i`nlxl`nil`~lel`~l nl }|l

ls~` b `b nisxb`ifkls.

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?=

=8. Mk nl~lvei`mv }|l xvbqllv` slvqioibs nl M^ Lk nivlo~bv lsobkmv dmv |`m

xl~ioi` nl l}|ixb b slvqioib mk O_LL nl km vlji` ln|om~iqm }|l obvvlsxb`nm+

nl `b ls~mv nisxb`ifkl niodb l}|ixb l` km lso|lkm. Xmvm lkkb+ |~ikiwmv` lk

abve|kmvib _MLL% =8m+ _bkioi~|n nl L}|ixbs y _lvqioibs nl Msis~l`oim

^lo`bkjiom. L` km xl~ioi` nl l}|ixb+ nlfl i`ok|iv7

obxim nl km ei`|~m ob` kbs mo|lvnbs nl km niso|si` nl kms

vlobel`nmoib`ls nl l}|ixb nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom

obxim nl km lqmk|moi` nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom

omv~m ob` aivem nlk Nivlo~bv lsobkmv sbkioi~m`nb km obexvm nlk l}|ixb

vlobel`nmnb.

L` lk omsb nl }|l kbs ls~|nim`~ls `b ls~` |fiomnbs l` lso|lkm xfkiom y sl dmymnl~lvei`mnb }|l sl xvbqllv mkj` slvqioib nl M^ l` s| Xkm` nl slvqioibs+ lk

amoiki~mnbv nbol`~l nl ln|omoi` lsxloimk vlmkiwmv ls~m jls~i`.

Lk a|`oib`mvib ob` kms a|`oib`ls nl vl}|ivl`~l l` lk O_LL vloifiv kms sbkioi~|nls nl

obexvm y kms ~vmfmgmv l` lk sis~lem _IANL+ obexkl~m`nb km i`abvemoi` sbkioi~mnm l` lk

abvem~b l` xm`~mkkm. Kms l`~vmnms xmvm km sbkioi~|n nl l}|ixb x|lnl` vlmkiwmvsl

i`niqin|mk y obklo~iqmel`~l. Ls iexbv~m`~l mslj|vmv }|l omnm xl~ioi` ls~

nbo|el`~mnm ob` lk `elvb nl inl`~iaiomoi` ls~|nim`~ik $_IL) xmvm lk lql`~|mk

slj|ieil`~b m kms obexvms vlobel`nmnms. Km xm`~mkkm sl mfviv fmgb lk `befvl nl

BVNL@ NL OBEXVM y sl x|lnl moolnlv xmvm bf~l`lv ls~m~|s l` lk xvbolsb nl km

eisem. Km sbkioi~|n xbnv moolnlvsl xbv lk `befvl nlk ls~|nim`~l b xbv lk / _IL.

L` xm`~mkkm lk vl}|ivl`~l i`ok|iv km nlsovixoi` nl~mkkmnm y om`~inmn nl kbs l}|ixbs

vlobel`nmnbs xbv ls~|nim`~l nl abvem }|l x|lnm bavlolv lk slj|ieil`~b

obvvlsxb`nil`~l. Xmvm vlmkiwmv km vl}|isioi`+ lk vl}|ivl`~l qlviaiomv km nisxb`ifikinmn

nl ab`nbs xmvm obexvm y nl mo|lvnb m km eisem vlailvl lklo~v`iomel`~l mk

obexvmnbv xmvm obexkl~mv lk xvbolsb nl obexvm. Ls~m sbkioi~|n nl obexvm i`ok|yl |`

`elvb `iob nl km vl}|isioi` y km oiavm nl o|l`~m xbv km }|l sl xvbolsmv km eisem.

Vlsxlo~b m kms ob~iwmoib`ls+ km i`abvemoi` }|l xvbqil`l nl km vl}|isioi` ls~mv

xbfkmnm l` kms ~mfkms nb`nl sl j|mvnm km i`abvemoi` l` lk sis~lem $mkemol`mgl) y lk

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vl}|ivl`~l xbnv ~l`lv ob`s~m`oim nl ls~l ~vei~l l` s|s a|~|vms i`~lvql`oib`ls ob` lk

vlalvinb b xmvm slj|ieil`~b nl ls~m~|s.

==. Lk obexvmnbv nlk Ol`~vb nl _lvqioibs nl Ln|omoi` Lsxloimk b obexvmnbv

nisxb`ifkl l` km Mjl`oim xvbolnlv ob` km mn}|isioi` nl l}|ixb nl msis~l`oim

~lo`bkjiom sij|il`nb kbs xvbolsbs ls~mfkloinbs l` lk Vljkmel`~b nl Obexvm qijl`~l

nlk Nlxmv~mel`~b nl Ln|omoi` $Vljkmel`~b `elvb :).

=?. O|m`nb lk O_LL `b o|l`~l ob` kbs ab`nbs nisxb`ifkls xmvm km obexvm nl l}|ixb nl

msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom+ lk nivlo~bv nlk Ol`~vb nl _lvqioibs nl Ln|omoi` Lsxloimk

sbkioi~mv mk `iqlk ol`~vmk kbs ab`nbs `lolsmvibs xmvm km mn}|isioi` nl kbs eisebs.

=>. L` omsbs ltolxoib`mkls+ km _lovl~mvm Msboimnm nl Ln|omoi` Lsxloimk+ `iqlk

ol`~vmk xvbolnlv slj` obvvlsxb`nm+ ob`sinlvm`nb kms sij|il`~ls mk~lv`m~iqms7

inl`~iaiomv si lk l}|ixb ls~ nisxb`ifkl xmvm dmolvkb kkljmv mk O_LL

obvvlsxb`nil`~l

msij`mv ab`nbs mk O_LL xmvm km obexvm nlk l}|ixb `lolsmvib ob`abvel m kms

ob~iwmoib`ls xvlsl`~mnms

obexvmv lk l}|ixb sbkioi~mnb m ~vmqs nlk obexvmnbv nl km Baioi`m Ol`~vmk | b~vb

ql`nlnbv nlfinmel`~l m|~bviwmnb l` si~|moib`ls }|l ms kb vl}|ilvm`

|~ikiwmv l` omnm omsb m}|lk elom`iseb }|l amoiki~l km obexvm y nisxb`ifikinmn nlk

l}|ixb nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom l` lk el`bv ~ilexb xbsifkl.

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??

=8 nlk < nl bo~|fvl nl 688

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Em`lgb nlk L}|ixb l` km Lso|lkm

=:. \`m qlw km lso|lkm vloifl lk l}|ixb+ lk OBEX\ lsobkmv xvbolnlv m vl|`ivsl ob` lk

xmnvl. Elnim`~l ei`|~m sl okmviaiomv }|l lk l}|ixb xlv~l`lol mk Nlxmv~mel`~b+ }|l dm

sinb obexvmnb xmvm lk |sb nl |` ls~|nim`~l y }|l x|lnl slv obexmv~inb ob` b~vbs

ls~|nim`~ls nl mo|lvnb ob` km `lolsinmn y fl`laioib nlk eiseb. M s| qlw+ sl

nbo|el`~mv l` Ei`|~m kbs mefil`~ls l` n`nl slv |~ikiwmnb lk l}|ixb i`ok|yl`nb lk

dbjmv+ nl slv vlobel`nmnb b nl vls|k~mv `lolsmvib xmvm lk kbjvb nl kms el~ms

ln|om~iqms. Nlfinb m }|l km ai`mkinmn nl kbs l}|ixbs nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom+ ls lk

kbjvb nl kms el~ms ln|om~iqms ls~mfkloinms l` lk XLI+ `i`j` l}|ixb slv xvbqis~b xmvm

|sb ltok|siqb nlk dbjmv.

=4. Lk Nivlo~bv nl km lso|lkm ls o|s~bnib nlk l}|ixb nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom |`m qlw

vloifm lk eiseb. Ls vlsxb`smfkl nl inl`~iaiomv |`m xlvsb`m xmvm eb`i~bvlmv lk l}|ixb+

jmvm`~iwmv s| |sb y nl bavlolv slj|ieil`~b m msxlo~bs sbfvl km jmvm`~m $vlxmvmoi` yem`~l`ieil`~b) ob` lk s|xkinbv slj` ls~mfkloinb l` km bvnl` nl obexvm. ^lvei`mnb lk

xlvbnb nl jmvm`~m+ si lk l}|ixb s|avilvm nmbs+ ls vlsxb`smfikinmn nl km lso|lkm

jls~ib`mv vlxmvmoi` m ~vmqs nlk OMM^+ ms obeb jls~ib`mv km xvbqisi` nl |` l}|ixb

s|s~i~|~b+ sieikmv mk mqlvimnb eil`~vms sl vlxmvm+ nl ls~mv nisxb`ifkl.

Lk vlolx~bv l` O_LL vloifl km obexvm y |~ikiwm lk En|kb nl Vloifb nl Obexvm nl _IANL xmvm ovlmv y

em`~l`lv kbs mvodiqbs obvvlsxb`nil`~ls. Mnles sl kl nm `elvb nl xvbxilnmn l` m}|lkkbs l}|ixbs }|l

ms kb vl}|ilvl` nl mo|lvnb m s| qinm ~ik y obs~b.

_l obbvni`m m ~vmqs nlk O_LL km l`~vljm nlk l}|ixb mn}|ivinb xmvm lk ls~|nim`~l l` s| lso|lkm nl

xvbolnl`oim

\`m qlw lk ls~|nim`~l vloifl lk slvqioib b l}|ixb sl obkbom km dbgm nl ~vei~l nl vloifinb l` lk

ltxlnil`~l nl M^ y nl obexvm xmvm obexkl~mv lk xvbolsb. Ls iexbv~m`~l vljis~vmv kms alodms

obvvlsxb`nil`~ls l` lk abvem~b Ltolk xvbqis~b m ls~bs xvbxsi~bs m ~vmqs nlk O_LL km l`~vljm nlk l}|ixb

mn}|ivinb xmvm lk ls~|nim`~l l` s| lso|lkm nl xvbolnl`oim

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?. Kbs lso`lvls l iexvlsbvms sb` xmvm |sb nlk smk` nl okmsls+ `b sl kklqm` mk

dbjmv.

6

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OB@_INLVMOIB@L_ MNIOIB@MKL_

=. Km _MLL ls vlsxb`smfkl nl km msij`moi` nl ab`nbs m kbs O_LL xmvm km obexvm

nl l}|ixb nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom.

6. Lk obs~b nlk l}|ixb b slvqioib `b slv ovi~lvib xmvm nl`ljmv lk slvqioib b l}|ixb

nl M^+ si sl nl~lvei`m }|l s~l ls vl}|lvinb xmvm }|l lk ls~|nim`~l sl fl`laioil

nl |`m ln|omoi` mxvbximnm.

?. ^bnb xvbolnieil`~b nl mn}|isioi`+ ym slm xbv obexvm+ mk}|iklv $o|m`nb slm

amo~ifkl obeb elninm ~lexbvmk) b xbv b~vb elnib+ sl jls~ib`mv nikijl`~lel`~l

l` lk el`bv ~ilexb xbsifkl xmvm jmvm`~iwmv }|l lk ls~|nim`~l sl fl`laioil nlk

eiseb n|vm`~l lk m`b lsobkmv. ^bnm sbkioi~|n nl obexvm nlfl i`ok|iv lk `befvl

nlk ls~|nim`~l y s| `elvb nl _IL y _LM_Zlf.

>. O|m`nb ltis~m ob`~vbqlvsim sbfvl km `lolsinmn nl |` l}|ixb nl M^+ km xvbqisi`

bxbv~|`m nl s~l b km bfkijmoi` nl km Mjl`oim nl xvbqllvkb+ o|mk}|ilvm nl kms

xmv~ls x|lnl sbkioi~mv |`m vl|`i` nl elnimoi` b qis~m mnei`is~vm~iqm xmvm kkljmv

m |`m nl~lvei`moi` sbfvl lk xmv~io|kmv.

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:. \` l}|ixb nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom nl |sb xlvsb`mk ls m}|lk }|l sl xvlsovifl

ob` elninms lsxloaioms xmvm omnm ls~|nim`~l y `b x|lnl slv |~ikiwmnb xbv b~vb

ls~|nim`~l. Kbs l}|ixbs nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom nl |sb xlvsb`mk ob`

xvlsovixoi` eniom i`ok|siql+ }|l `b o|exkl` ob` |` xvbxsi~b ln|om~iqb `b

slv` mqmkmnbs xbv km mjl`oim. Kbs xmnvls inl`~iaiomv` b~vms a|l`~ls i`ok|yl`nb

slj|vb eniob xviqmnb+ a|`nmoib`ls+ ob`sbvoibs+ bvjm`iwmoib`ls avm~lv`mkls+

ijklsims+ jv|xbs sboimkls+ bvjm`iwmoib`ls omvi~m~iqms si` ai`ls nl k|ovb+ `ljboibs

b i`niqin|bs+ xmvm mn}|iviv kbs eisebs. _i lk xlvsb`mk lsobkmv l` |` lsa|lvwb nl

f|l`m qbk|`~mn nloinilvm ~bemv mooi` nivijinm m inl`~iaiomv ab`nbs xmvm km

obexvm nl ls~l ~ixb nl l}|ixb vl}|ilvl nl km m|~bviwmoi` nl kbs xmnvls nlk

ls~|nim`~l.

4. Lk Nlxmv~mel`~b nl Ln|omoi` sl vlslvqm lk nlvlodb nl vlokmemv lk l}|ixb si `b

sl |~ikiwm ob` lk xvbxsi~b xmvm lk }|l a|l xvbqis~b+ y ms kb ls~mfklolv l`

ei`|~m. ^mefi` ob`sinlvmv vlokmemvkb"vlebqlvkb si niodb l}|ixb `b kbjvm

fl`laioimv mk ls~|nim`~l xbv}|l `b s|xkl kms `lolsinmnls xmvm lk o|mk a|l

xvbqis~b.

9. Lk ls~|nim`~l y"b ameikimvls `b xbnv` ql`nlv+ mk}|ikmv `i xvls~mv lk l}|ixb

xvbqis~b xbv lk Nlxmv~mel`~b nl Ln|omoi`.

=8. O|m`nb lk ls~|nim`~l olsm kbs slvqioibs ln|om~iqbs ob` lk Nlxmv~mel`~b y xmsm

mk e|`nb nlk ~vmfmgb+ mk mefil`~l |`iqlvsi~mvib+ b m |` xvbjvmem nl qinm

i`nlxl`nil`~l l` obe|`inmn+ lk OBEX\ nl~lvei`mv elnim`~l ob`s|k~m+ }| sl

dmv ob` lk l}|ixb msij`mnb. O|m`nb b~vm mjl`oim l`~vm xmvm ob`~i`|mv kbs

slvqioibs nl ~vm`sioi` nlk ls~|nim`~l sl ~bemv l` ob`sinlvmoi` kbs mo|lvnbs

obkmfbvm~iqbs i`~lvmjl`oimkls.

Ls~b i`ok|yl km `ljboimoi` nl xvs~mebs nl l}|ixb l` omsb nl slv `lolsmvib

xbv |` ~vei`b `b emybv nl |` =8 elsls xmvm em`~l`lv km ob`~i`|inmn nl kbs

slvqioibs xmvm lk ls~|nim`~l l` xvbolsb nl ~vm`sioi`. Ai`mkiwmnb ls~l xlvibnb lk

l}|ixb l` xvs~meb nlfl slv nlq|lk~b mk O_LL"OMM^.

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==. Lk Obei~ Mslsbv nl Msis~l`oim ^lo`bkjiom ~il`l km vlsxb`smfikinmn nl

xvlxmvmv |` i`abvel ls~mns~iob }|l vlobjlv ~bnbs kbs nm~bs vlkmoib`mnbs ob`

km xvbqisi` nl l}|ixbs y slvqioibs nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom.

=6. O|m`nb |` ls~|nim`~l nl Ln|omoi` Lsxloimk ls |fiomnb xbv lk Nlxmv~mel`~b

l` lso|lkm xviqmnm y l` s| Xvbjvmem Ln|om~iqb I`niqin|mkiwmnb sl ls~mfklol km

`lolsinmn nl lqmk|moi` l` msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom+ ls vlsxb`smfikinmn nlk

Nlxmv~mel`~b km xvbqisi` nl niodbs slvqioibs y l}|ixbs+ silexvl y o|m`nb slm`

`lolsmvibs xmvm ai`ls ln|om~iqbs. Lk Nlxmv~mel`~b nl Ln|omoi` `b ~il`l

vlsxb`smfikinmn nl xvbqllv l}|ixbs nl msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom m ls~|nim`~ls

|fiomnbs |`ikm~lvmkel`~l xbv kbs xmnvls l` lso|lkms xviqmnms. Km nl~lvei`moi`

ai`mk xmvm km xvbqisi` nl slvqioibs l` ls~m vlm sl ~bemv nl mo|lvnb m kms

nisxbsioib`ls qijl`~ls ls~mfkloinms xbv lk obei~ nl ob`s|k~m nlk mb

obvvlsxb`nil`~l. Kbs ls~|nim`~ls l` mk~lv`m~iqms nl dbelsodbbki`j sb`

ob`sinlvmnbs obeb |fiomnbs |`ikm~lvmkel`~l.

=?. Lk Nlxmv~mel`~b nl Ln|omoi` `b ls vlsxb`smfkl nl msxlo~bs nl jmvm`~m

$vlxmvmoi` y em`~l`ieil`~b)+ nmb+ xvninm b vbfb+ nl l}|ixbs obexvmnbs xbv

lk xmnvl b mn}|ivinbs elnim`~l nb`moi`.

=>. Lk OBEX\ ls vlsxb`smfkl nl bvil`~mv mk xmnvl sbfvl s|s bfkijmoib`ls

vlkmoib`mnms ob` lk f|l` |sb y xvb~looi` nlk l}|ixb }|l sl kl dmol nisxb`ifkl

mk ls~|nim`~l. Em`~l`nv dbgms nl ~vei~l vloifbs y elom`isebs nl ob`~vbk

nivijinbs m jmvm`~iwmv km xvb~looi` nl km xvbxilnmn xfkiom.

=

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>8

xvbqisi` nl l}|ixb nl M^ ls ls~vio~mel`~l xmvm lk nlsmvvbkkb nl nls~vlwms

momneioms l` lk ls~|nim`~l.

NBO\EL@^MOI@ NLK LTXLNIL@^L NL M_I_^L@OIM LO@BKJIOM

Lk OMM^ ls vlsxb`smfkl nl }|l ~bnb ls~|nim`~l vlalvinb m |`m lqmk|moi` l` M^

xbslm |` ltxlnil`~l }|l nbo|el`~l lk xvbolsb nlsnl lk vloifb nlk vlalvinb dms~m km

l`~vljm nlk l}|ixb b nikijl`oim nlk slvqioib vl}|lvinb+ Lk ltxlnil`~l nl M^ i`ok|yl7

dbgm nlk vlalvinb+ obxim nl km lqmk|moi` vlmkiwmnm+ ei`|~m nl km niso|si` nl km

lqmk|moi` nl M^ y obxim nl km sbkioi~|n nl obexvm nlk l}|ixb vlobel`nmnb. Lk OMM^

x|lnl i`ok|iv mnles o|mk}|ilv b~vm nbo|el`~moi` }|l ob`sinlvl bxbv~|`m y

`lolsmvim xmvm km lqmk|moi` y nl~lvei`moib`ls ai`mkls xmvm lk ls~|nim`~l.

Lk ltxlnil`~l nl obexvm xbv slv |` xvbolsb m|ni~mfkl+ nlfl nbo|el`~mvsl ob`abvel m

kms vljkmel`~moib`ls nlk xvbolsb nl obexvm y l`~vl kbs nbo|el`~bs sl i`ok|yl+ obxim

nlk ltxlnil`~l nl M^ $lqmk|moi`+ ei`|~m nl niso|si`+ sbkioi~|n nl obexvm)+ lqinl`oim

nl km msij`moi` nl ab`nbs m ~vmqs nl vl}|ivl`~l+ obxim nl kms sbkioi~|nls nl

ob~iwmoi` nl kbs s|xkinbvls+ vnl`ls nl obexvm+ ob`n|ol nl l`~vljm nl obexvm y

lqinl`oim nl l`~vljm nlk l}|ixb mk ls~|nim`~l vlalvinb. Ls~m nbo|el`~moi` x|lnl slv

nl abvem lklo~v`iom slj` vlsxb`nm m kbs xvbolnieil`~bs y xbk~iom xfkiom nl em`lgb

nl km Mjl`oim mk ebel`~b nl vlmkiwmv km obexvm.

Kbs ltxlnil`~ls $M^ y obexvms) nlfl` ls~mv mvodiqmnbs xbv nis~vi~b lsobkmv y mb

aisomk. Km alodm nl vlalvinb nl~lvei`m lk mb aisomk mk }|l xlv~l`lol lk vlalvinb nlk

ls~|nim`~l+ |`m qlw lk OMM^ ob`sinlvm }|l km nbo|el`~moi` vl}|lvinm ls~ obexkl~m

xmvm i`ioimv lk xvbolsb nl lqmk|moi`.

VLOBXIKMOI@ NL NM^B_ y EB@I^BVIM L@ LK EM@LGB NL KM XVBQI_I@ NL

_LVQIOIB_ NL M_I_^L@OIM ^LO@BKJIOM

Ls vlsxb`smfikinmn nl km _MLL lk em`~l`lv mo~|mkiwmnb kbs nm~bs xbv mb aisomk nl kms

xl~ioib`ls xmvm slvqioibs l` Msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom. Xmvm ls~b sl nlsmvvbkkb |` abvem~b

l` Ltolk }|l i`ok|yl ~bnbs kbs omexbs `lolsmvibs xmvm obexkl~mv kbs nm~bs y bavlolv

slj|ieil`~b nlsnl lk ebel`~b nlk vlalvinb m lqmk|moi` dms~m obexkl~mv km l`~vljm nlk

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l}|ixb b slvqioib mk ls~|nim`~l l` omsb nl slv `lolsmvib. Lk abvem~b xmvm Vlobxikmoi`

nl nm~bs nl Msis~l`oim ^lo`bkjiomls~ l` s| qlvsi` lklo~v`iom xmvm em`lgb nivlo~b+

l`qb nl obxims y mo~|mkiwmoib`ls slj` vl}|lvinms. Km l`~vmnm nl nm~bs y km

mo~|mkiwmoi` nl kbs eisebs ls vlsxb`smfikinmn nlk OMM^ l` kbs O_LL. Km xvielvm

slem`m nl omnm els kbs O_LL sbel~lv` km mo~|mkiwmoi` nl s|s nm~bs obeb

sis~lem nl eb`i~bvlb m km _MLL. Lk xlvsb`mk l` km _MLL m omvjb nlk vlm nl msis~l`oim

~lo`bkjiom m`mkiwmv kbs eisebs y nl~lvei`mv lk o|vsb nl mooi` m slj|iv }|l

i`ok|yl7

Qisi~ms nl slj|ieil`~b mk O_LL xmvm qmkinmoi` nl km l`~vmnm nl nm~bs

_lj|ieil`~b m km |`inmn nl obexvms xmvm ls~m~|s nl kbs omsbs vlxbv~mnbs

Jl`lvmoi` nl i`abvels mnioib`mkls

Vlalvinbs m km |`inmn eb`i~bvim xmvm mslj|vmv o|exkieil`~b

Omnm O_LL ls vlsxb`smfkl nl em`~l`lv moolsifkl y l` sis~lem7

Kis~m nl ls~|nim`~ls vlalvinbs m lqmk|moi` l` M^

Kis~m nl ls~|nim`~ls vlalvinbs m obexvm

Nbo|el`~mv kms alodms nlk i`abvel nl em`lgb nl nm~bs nl M^

Km i`ok|si` nl km a|`oi` nl vl}|ivl`~l l` kbs O_LL mnlkm`~m obeb xvbolsb km

qlviaiomoi` nl ab`nbs nisxb`ifkls nlk Ol`~vb xmvm vlmkiwmv kms obexvms y sbkioi~mv

ab`nbs mnioib`mkls l` omsb nl slv `lolsmvib. Mnlkm`~m lk slj|ieil`~b m kms obexvms

ym }|l nlsnl km xm`~mkkm sbkioi~m mk obexvmnbv lsxloaiomel`~l m}|lkkbs l}|ixb

vlobel`nmnbs xmvm lk ls~|nim`~l kb }|l mjikiwm lk xvbolsb nl sbkioi~|n nl ob~iwmoib`ls

xmvm lk obexvmnbv. Km |`inmn nl obexvms nl km mjl`oim l` lk `iqlk ol`~vmk o|l`~m

ob` |` xlvsb`mk nls~momnb xmvm m~l`nlv kms obexvms nl l}|ixb y slvqioibs nl M^ nl

ln|omoi` lsxloimk. Ls~b amoiki~m km inl`~iaiomoi` nl kbs obexvmnbvls xmvm lk

slj|ieil`~b obvvlsxb`nil`~l l` lk xvbolsb nl obexvm. Xbv s| xmv~l lk vl}|ivl`~l xbnv

bavlolv slj|ieil`~b lklo~v`iob m kbs omsbs vlalvinbs ym }|l lk sis~lem xvbqll xmvm

nbo|el`~mv alodms y lk ls~m~|s nl km obexvm. Ls~b sivql nl mklv~m xmvm ~vmfmgmv kms

nlebvms y sbkioi~mv vlalvinbs m obexvms nl lelvjl`oim l` omsb nl slv `lolsmvib.

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Km |`inmn nl eb`i~bvim i`ok|yl l` lk i`abvel nl s|s qisi~ms |`m slooi` nb`nl sl

nbo|el`~m lk `iqlk nl o|exkieil`~b l` km xvbqisi` nl kbs slvqioibs nl M^. Ls~m

eb`i~bvim sl vlmkiwm m`|mkel`~l m `iqlk nl O_LL. Nl nl~lvei`mvsl xvlbo|xmoib`ls b

dmkkmwjbs sl xvbolnl ob` lk vlalvinb m km |`inmn nl Msis~l`oim ^o`iom xmvm km

vlnmooi` nl |` xkm` nl mooi` obvvlo~iqm+ l` omsb nl i`o|exkieil`~b ob` mo~iqinmnls

}|l i`ok|yl` obbvni`moi` nl qisi~ms nl bvil`~moi`+ nlebs~vmoib`ls+ mnils~vmeil`~b b

slj|ieil`~b slj` sl vl}|ilvm. Km |`inmn nl Msis~l`oim ^o`iom xvlxmvm s| i`abvel nl

qisi~m ob` kms mooib`ls y vlobel`nmoib`ls vlmkiwmnms y sbel~l obxim m km |`inmn nl

eb`i~bvim xmvm mooi` xlv~i`l`~l.

VLOIOKMGL NL L]\IXB NL M^

Omnm O_LL ls vlsxb`smfkl nl em`~l`lv s| i`ql`~mvib nl l}|ixb nisxb`ifkl

mo~|mkiwmnb. _l vlobeil`nm }|l ai`mkiwmnb lk mb lsobkmv kbs O_LL vlobgm` y"b sbkioi~l`

m kms lso|lkms+ l}|ixb nisxb`ifkl }|l sl dmym nl~lvei`mnb `b |~ikiwmfkl xbv kbs

ls~|nim`~ls y sl xvbolnm ob` lk mkemol`mgl nlk eiseb. Ls~b ovlmv |` fm`ob nl

mk~lv`m~iqms }|l fil` xbnvm` vloiokmvsl l`~vl b~vbs ls~|nim`~ls.

Lk nlobeisb nl l}|ixb ls vlsxb`smfikinmn nlk Nivlo~bv nl O_LL sij|il`nb kbs

xvbolnieil`~bs ls~mfkloinbs xbv km Mjl`oim

XVLJ\@^M_ EM_ AVLO\L@^L_7

]| ls Msis~l`oim ^lo`bkjiom b M^2

M^ vlailvl m o|mk}|ilv dlvvmeil`~m b slvqioib nl mk~m b fmgm ~lo`bkbjm b slvqioib }|l

amoiki~m y xlvei~l lk moolsb nl kbs ls~|nim`~ls ob` iexlniel`~bs mk o|vvo|kb jl`lvmk l`

s| obe|`inmn lsobkmv xmvm lk nlsmvvbkkb nl kms dmfikinmnls y kbjvb nl kms el~ms

ln|om~iqms ls~mfkloinms l` lk Xkm` Ln|om~iqb I`niqin|mkiwmnb.

Ltis~l mkj|`m nialvl`oim l`~vl ~lo`bkbjm ln|om~iqm y km msis~l`oim ~lo`bkjiom2

Mefbs ob`olx~bs vlailvl` m my|nm }|l vloifl lk ls~|nim`~l xmvm amoiki~mv s|

xmv~ioixmoi` l` km smkm nl okmsl y nlebs~vmv xvbjvlsb. Mk dmfkmv nl ~lo`bkbjm

ln|om~iqm `bs vlalviebs mk |sb nl mxmvm~bs }|l amoiki~m` mk emls~vb lk xvbolsb nl

i`s~v|ooi` l` km smkm nl okmsl obeb obex|~mnbvms+ xvbylo~bvls+ sis~lem nl qinlb+

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jvmfmoib`ls y moolsb m kms vlnls lklo~v`iom l`~vl b~vms. Lk ob`olx~b nl msis~l`oim

~lo`bkjiom qil`l m ~vmfmgmv lk moolsb xmv~io|kmv nlk ls~|nim`~l xmvm }|l ls~l |~ikiol

m}|lkkb l}|ixbs lsxloaiobs }|l kl amoiki~l` s| xmv~ioixmoi` y moolsb nivlo~b l` km smkm

nl okmsl obeb |sb nl xvbjvmemnbs+ sis~lems nl avlo|l`oims ebn|kmnm+ OO^Q+ k|xms

l`~vl b~vbs.

]| ls lqmk|moi` l` M^2

Ls~l ~ixb nl lqmk|moi` sl vlmkiwm xmvm inl`~iaiomv m}|lkkms abv~mklwms y `lolsinmnls nlk

ls~|nim`~l xmvm }|l x|lnm nlsmvvbkkmv kms el~ms ls~mfkloinms l` s| Xkm` ln|om~iqb

i`niqin|mkiwmnb. _l vlailvl m |`m lqmk|moi` l` M^ o|m`nb sl dm` xvbqis~b kbs

mobebnbs+ ebniaiomoib`ls y mnmx~moib`ls obvvlsxb`nil`~ls xmvm }|l lk ls~|nim`~l

~l`jm moolsb mk ob`~l`inb nl km smksm nl okmsl y `b sl dm lqinl`oimnb |` xvbjvlsb

sij`iaiom~iqb.

]|i`ls vlmkiwm` kms lqmk|moib`ls l` M^2

Km lqmk|moi` ls vlmkiwmnm xbv |` jv|xb nl xvbalsib`mkls olv~iaiomnbs obeb

lsxloimkis~ms l` lk vlm nl M^. Xmvm lalo~bs nl Nlxmv~mel`~b ls~bs ob`s~i~|yl` lk

Obei~ Mslsbv nl Msis~l`oim ^lo`bkjiom $OMM^) y bavlol` lk slvqioib m kbs ls~|nim`~ls

vlalvinbs l` kbs Ol`~vb nl Ln|omoi` Lsxloimk. Obeb xmv~l nl s|s vlsxb`smfikinmnls

ls~ lk bavlolv vlobel`nmoib`ls nl l}|ixbs y slvqioibs }|l nlsnl km xlvsxlo~iqm nlk

ls~|nim`~l kl slm` ~ikls xmvm lk nlsmvvbkkb nl s|s el~ms ln|om~iqms.

]|i`ls o|mkiaiom` xmvm |`m lqmk|moi` nl M^2

^bnb ls~|nim`~l nl~lvei`mnb lkljifkl m kbs slvqioibs nl Ln|omoi` Lsxloimk x|lnl slv

vlalvinb m |`m lqmk|moi` l` M^. _i lk OBEX\ nl~lvei`m }|l m xlsmv nl dmflvsl

xvbqis~b kbs mobebnbs+ mnmx~moib`ls y ebniaiomoib`ls `lolsmvims lk ls~|nim`~ls `b sl

ls~ fl`laioim`nb nl km i`s~v|ooi` l` km smkm nl okmsl+ x|lnl vlalviv m |`m lqmk|moi`l` M^ xmvm ltxkbvmv y nl~lvei`mv b~vms mk~lv`m~iqms x|lnl` bavlolvsl xmvm }|l ls~l

mkom`ol kbjvm s|s el~ms ln|om~iqms.

^bnbs kbs ls~|nim`~ls vl}|ilvl` nl |`m lqmk|moi` l` M^2

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@b+ sbkb m}|lkkbs vlalvinbs xbv lk OBEX\ ob` lk xvbxsi~b nl ltxkbvmv mk~lv`m~iqms

mnioib`mkls }|l x|lnm` xvbxioimv l` lk ls~|nim`~l7 moolsb y xmv~ioixmoi` l` km smkm nl

okmsls+ emybv i`nlxl`nl`oim y omkinmn nl qinm. Ls~b k|ljb nl dmflv ltxlviel`~mnb y

xvbqis~b mk ls~|nim`~l nl ls~vm~ljims ln|om~iqms y kms elgbvls xvmo~ioms ln|om~iqms+

mobebnbs+ mnmx~moib`ls y ebniaiomoib`ls bfslvqm`nb xbob xvbjvlsb l` lk ls~|nim`~l.

X|lnl |` ls~|nim`~l slv lqmk|mnb l` M^ xbv |`m mjl`oim xviqmnm2

Nlfinb m km `lolsinmn nl slvqioib lk Nlxmv~mel`~b x|lnl vlalviv m |`m lqmk|moi` l`

M^ m |`m obvxbvmoi` xviqmnm fmgb ob`~vm~b xbv km Mjl`oim. Ls~m lqmk|moi` nlfl slv

mqmkmnm xbv lk OMM^ y lk OBEX\. _l xvbolnl ob` kms vlobel`nmoib`ls

obvvlsxb`nil`~ls.

_i lk xmnvl xvlsl`~m |`m lqmk|moi` nl M^ vlmkiwmnm l` obvxbvmoi` xviqmnm y

s|avmjmnm xbv lkkbs eisebs+ nlfl` vlalvivkm mk OMM^ xmvm nl~lvei`moi` ai`mk sbfvl km

eisem. Lk OBEX\+ ob` kms vlobel`nmoib`ls nlk OMM^ ~il`l km vlsxb`smfikinmn nl

vlalviv y lsxloiaiomv kms `lolsinmnls m ~vmqs nl km ei`|~m nl niso|si` nlk I`abvel nl

Msis~l`oim ^lo`bkjiom. Lk NL b ls~ bfkijmnb m xvbolnlv ob` km obexvm nl l}|ixb b

slvqioibs m fmsl nl |`m `iom vlobel`nmoi`. Lk OMM^ ~il`l km vlsxb`smfikinmn nl

m`mkiwmv km nbo|el`~moi` y ~vmfmgmv kms nl~lvei`moib`ls ai`mkls xmvm xvbqllv l}|ixb y

slvqioibs mk ls~|nim`~l xmvm lk nlsmvvbkkb nl kms el~ms ln|om~iqms. Lk OMM^ x|lnl

vlei~ivsl mk lsxloimkis~m }|l vlmkiw km lqmk|moi` y x|lnl oi~mvkl xmvm niso|~iv kbs

vls|k~mnbs nl km eisem.

Oeb sl xvbqll M^ l` kms lso|lkms2

\`m qlw sl vloifl lk i`abvel nl km lqmk|moi` nl M^ nlk ls~|nim`~l l` km lso|lkm+

xvbqis~m xbv lk OMM^+ sl niso|~l l` OBEX\ kbs vls|k~mnbs y vlobel`nmoib`ls nlk

eiseb. Lk OBEX\ nl~lvei`mv b mqmkmv kms vlobel`nmoib`ls nl kbs lsxloimkis~ms y

vlailvl m obexvm nlk l}|ixb b slvqioibs m ~vmqs nl kbs Ol`~vbs nl _lvqioibs nlLn|omoi` Lsxloimk.

Oeb x|lnb mslj|vmv km xvbqisi` nl M^ l` ei dbjmv2

Nlfinb m }|l km xvbqisi` nlk slvqioib ls xmvm lk nlsmvvbkkb nl kms nls~vlwms ln|om~iqms

ls~mfkloinms l` lk XLI `b sl xvbqll` slvqioibs nl M^ ltok|siqmel`~l xmvm lk dbjmv. Lk

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M@LGB_