HRO Presentation

8/2/2019 HRO Presentation

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Islam and Human Rights: a brief summary

In His farewell address the Prophet admonished: Your personas,properties and honor are declared sacred like the sanctity attached to

this day, this month and this spot. Let them not to be violated.M. Z. Khan,Islam and Human Rights

Marco De CaveHuman Rights Organizations, Dr Dominik Smyrgaa

Spring Semester 2011-2012, Collegium Civitas


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Brief chronology of Islam

570-632 A.D. , Life of Muhammad (622 A.D. Hejira and thedraft of the Charter of Medina)

VII-IX cent. : 4 Caliphs (Shi'a party and breaking of the unity,expansion of the Empire world wide)

IX-XIV cent: Interior divisions (Mongolians, Crusades)

1453: conquest of Constantinople

1489: retreat of the Muslims from Europe

XV-XIX: decline of the Empire


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An overall view of the spread of the Empire


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Brief chronology of Islam

1914- 1918 : WW1 and the end of Ottoman Empire

1923: Kemal president of Turkey

1979: Islamic revolution in Iran

1981: Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights

1990: Cairo Declaration on Human Rights by the States ofthe Organisation of Islamic Conference

1997: Islamic Human Rights Commission (UN DESA) 2004: Arab Charter on Human Rights by the League of

Arab States


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Five pillars of Islam: the basis of the rising State


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Charter of Medina (622 A.D.): the Constitution

Legal framework

Religious freedom Security of women

Protection of people (social,legal and economic)

Trial system (abandoningThe Lex Talionis)


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The birth of the first Muslim federation

Ummah and pacificrelations

Equality for all the peoplein the community

From blood ties to thefaith as basis of the'nation'

Individual responsibility


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The structure of the Law (fiqh)

Non political part (naql)

Koran (the Holy Book of the

word of God)

Hadith (statements of theProphet, habits, practices;

Sunnah)

Political part (shari'a)

Jima (agreements of the

scholars)

Quiyas (deductions andinterpretations)

The Koran is the constitution and the Bill of Rights of theIslamic state (Majid Khadduri)


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Shari'a(it can be compared to the Common Law)

Ibdt

Immutable (jus cogens)5 pillars

Mu malt

MutableIt can be interpreted

God is the basis of the jurisprudence


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Jihadto enjoin good and forbid evil (3:104)

Greater jihad: reaching Godas a main mission per eachbeliever (striving)

Lesser jihad: Holy war(historically cancelled, it canbe called by the political andreligious authorities)

The absence of a rationalState building

Watan (nation) as a concept

linked only to the spirit ofpeople (=ummah)

Failure of adopting westernlaws: takfir(apostasy)

Reddite quae sunt Caesaris Caesari et quae sunt Dei Deo


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NOT THE JIHAD WE THINK!


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Refusal of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Iran)

Art. 1 : All human beingsare born free and equalin dignity and rights [...]

Shari'a is superior

Art. 16: Men and womenof full age,without any limitation []have the right to marry [...]

A non-muslim man can't marrya muslim woman

Art. 18: [...] freedomto change his religionor belief, and freedom,[...] to manifest his religion

Crime of apostasy

Women are subordinated to men

THE BELIEVERTHE BELIEVER


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Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights,19th September 1981, Paris

Cairo Declaration on Human Rights,1990, Cairo

Human Rights in Islam(a book by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi)

Human Rights: the Islamic approach

Arab Charter on Human Rights,22nd May 2004, Cairo


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References

http://www.apologeticsindex.org

http://www.constitution.org/

http://muslimvoices.org/

http://www.geopolitica.info

http://www.un.org/

http://www.unhcr.org

http://www.wikipedia.org/
http://www.apologeticsindex.org/http://www.constitution.org/http://muslimvoices.org/http://www.geopolitica.info/http://www.unhcr.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.unhcr.org/http://www.geopolitica.info/http://muslimvoices.org/http://www.constitution.org/http://www.apologeticsindex.org/

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