Studii ºi cercetãri ºtiinþifice de arhitecturã ºi urbanism / Architecture and Urban Research Studies / AARRGGUUMMEENNTT 223399

IIDDEENNTTIITTAATTEE.. RREESSTTRRUUCCTTUURRAARREE.. PPEEIISSAAJJ // IIddeennttiittyy.. RReessttrruuccttuurriinngg.. LLaannddssccaappee

ªef lucrãri dr. arh./ Assist. Prof. PhD. Arch. CCrriissttiinnaa EENNAACCHHEE

cristinaienache@yahoo.com

RREEZZUUMMAATT

Abordarea identitãþii ºi, implicit, a globalizãrii,uniformizãrii, informatizãrii ºi comunicãrii impune maimulte delimitãri: context fizic – spaþiu public, istorie urbanã,continuitate urbanã; context informaþional – pierdereaidentitãþii urbane, promovarea valorilor locale printehnologia informaþiei.

Identitatea urbanã se construieºte pe baza a douãelemente: patrimoniul construit ºi spaþiul naturalconþinãtor.

Conceptele propuse spre dezbatere implicã discuþiicomplexe, fiind necesarã analiza în contextele delimitate.Voi vorbi în acest sens despre Identitate Urbanã, ImagineUrbanã ºi Peisaj Urban – despre ceea ce acestea reprezintãîn general ºi despre tendinþele lor de redefinire în contextactual.

CCuuvviinnttee cchheeiiee:: identitate, coerenþã, conectivitate, peisaj

AABBSSTTRRAACCTT

The approach of identity and, implicitly, of theglobalization, unifromization, informatization andcommunication must opperate some delimitations: physicalcontext – public space, urban history, urban continuity;informational context – loss of urban identity, promotion oflocal values through information technology.

The urban identity is built on the base of two elements: thebuilt heritage and the natural space containing it.

The concepts proposed for debate implies complexdiscussions, being necessary to analyze them in the specificcontexts. I will talk about Urban Identity, Urban Image andUrban Landscape - what they generally represent and theirredefinition trends in the present context.

KKeeyywwoorrddss:: identity, coherence, connectivity, landscape

Discuþia despre Identitate conduce inevitabil cãtrecomentarii despre globalizare, uniformizare culturalã,informatizare ºi comunicare. În acest sens, estenecesar a delimita pe de o parte unCCOONNTTEEXXTT FFIIZZIICC,, constituit din• CADRUL URBAN CONTEMPORAN = MMOOªªTTEENNIIRREEAACCUULLTTUURRAALLÃà UURRBBAANNÃÃ(forma urbanã existentã pãstreazã în memoria eiprezenþa a numeroase perioade de evoluþie urbanã) ale cãrui elemente sunt cu precãdere perceptibile în• spaþiul public – ca loc de manifestare a identitãþiiºi caracterului / purtãtor al sentimentului deconºtiinþã colectivãilustrând la nivel de imagine, comportament, nevoi • istoria urbanã - compusã din CCOONNTTIINNUUIITTÃÃÞÞII ªªIIDDIISSCCOONNTTIINNUUIITTÃÃÞÞII - de context temporal(trecut/viitor) ºi spaþial (raport oraº/istorie)conturând ca tendinþã / necesitate la nivelulrestructurãrii peisajului urban• recompunerea fragmentelor heterogene într-oviziune de continuitate urbanã

ºi pe de altã parte un

CCOONNTTEEXXTT IINNFFOORRMMAAÞÞIIOONNAALLcare produce efecte atât la nivel virtual, dar ºi la nivelfizic, fiind sursa paradoxurilor ce caracterizeazã erainformaþionalã, în cadrul urban situând discuþia întredouã extreme:

• pierderea IIDDEENNTTIITTÃÃÞÞIIII urbane ºi • oportunitatea fãrã precedent de pprroommoovvaarree aavvaalloorriilloorr llooccaallee prin intermediul tehnologieiinformaþiei O observaþie evidentã a modului de apropriere avalorilor, simbolurilor ºi/sau reperelor localesubliniazã cã iiddeennttiittaatteeaa uurrbbaannãã ssee ccoonnssttrruuiieeººttee ppeebbaazzaa aa ddoouuãã eelleemmeennttee:: ppaattrriimmoonniiuull ccoonnssttrruuiitt ººii ssppaaþþiiuullnnaattuurraall ccoonnþþiinnããttoorr..

224400 Universitatea de Arhitecturã ºi Urbanism “Ion Mincu”/”Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning

The discussion about identity inevitably leads tocomments about globalization, cultural uniformity, ITand communication. It is necessary first to identify a

PPHHYYSSIICCAALL CCOONNTTEEXXTT,, made up of:• THE CONTEMPORARY URBAN CONTEXT =TTHHEECCUULLTTUURRAALL UURRBBAANN HHEERRIITTAAGGEE(the existing urban form stored in her memory thepresence of numerous periods of urban evolution)whose elements are particularly perceptible in• the public space – as a place of manifestation ofidentity and character / containing the sense ofcollective consciousness illustrating at the level of theimage, of the behaviour, of the needs• the urban history - made up of CCOONNTTIINNUUIITTIIEESSAANNDD DDIISSCCOONNTTIINNUUIITTIIEESS of temporal context (past /future) and spatial context (town / history) outliningas tendency / necessity at the urban landscaperestructuring level• recomposing the heterogeneous fragments in avision of urban continuity

and on the other hand, an

IINNFFOORRMMAATTIIOONNAALL CCOONNTTEEXXTTthat causes effect at both virtual and physical level,being the source of paradoxes that characterize theinformational age, placing the discussion betweentwo extreme of urban context:

• the loss of urban identity and• the unprecedented opportunity to pprroommoottee llooccaallvvaalluueess through information technology

Observing the way that the values, the symbols, thelocal landmarks are appropriated by the society,points out that tthhee uurrbbaann iiddeennttiittyy iiss bbuuiilltt bbaasseedd oonnttwwoo eelleemmeennttss:: bbuuiilltt hheerriittaaggee aanndd tthhee nnaattuurraall ssppaacceeccoonnttaaiinniinngg iitt..

Conceptele propuse spre dezbatere implicã discuþiicomplexe, necesar fiind a le analiza în contexteledelimitate. Voi vorbi în acest sens despre IdentitateUrbanã, Imagine Urbanã ºi Peisaj Urban – despreceea ce acestea reprezintã în general ºi despretendinþele lor de redefinire în context actual.

IIDDEENNTTIITTAATTEEAA UURRBBAANNÃÃ s-a construit din totdeaunaîntr-o relaþie de dependenþã cu remodelareapeisajului urban, este intim relaþionatã cu istoriaurbanã, cu valorile ºi caracterul locurilor, cuelementele de specificitate sau de potenþial ºi poatefi generatã de structura naturalã, spiritul locului,coerenþa spaþialã, patrimoniul existent ºi obiectul dearhitecturã urbanCumulând aspectele generale ce caracterizeazãidentitatea urbanã ºi analizând cerinþele societãþiiurbane actuale, ale organismelor urbane îndezvoltare, se pot identifica noi modalitãþi de arãspunde acestora, un nou limbaj de comunicare assppeecciiffiiccuulluuii, fie cã acesta este istorie sau inovaþie. Înera globalizãrii este necesar ca identitatea urbanã sã:• constituie AATTRRAACCTTIIVVIITTAATTEE localã / regionalã –putând fi asimilatã ca bbrraanndd al zonei• contribuie la CCOOMMPPEETTIITTIIVVIITTAATTEEAA zonei în contextglobal / regional.

Studii ºi cercetãri ºtiinþifice de arhitecturã ºi urbanism / Architecture and Urban Research Studies / AARRGGUUMMEENNTT 224411

The concepts proposed for debate implies complexdiscussions, being necessary to analyze them in thespecific contexts. I will talk about Urban Identity,Urban Image and Urban Landscape - what theygenerally represent and their redefinition trends inthe present context.

TTHHEE UURRBBAANN IIDDEENNTTIITTYY has always been in adependency relation with the urban landscaperemodelling action, is intimately linked with urbanhistory, values and character of places, with specificityor potential elements and can be generated by thenatural structure, the spirit of place, the spatialcoherence, the existing heritage and the architecturalobject.Adding the general aspects that characterize urbanidentity and analyzing the requirements of currenturban society, of urban organism, can identify newways to answer, a new communication language ofthe ssppeecciiffiicciittyy, be it history or innovation. Urbanidentity in the era of globalization it is necessary • to constitute local / regional AATTTTRRAACCTTIIVVEENNEESSSS –which can be assimilated as a bbrraanndd of the region• to contribute to the CCOOMMPPEETTIITTIIVVEENNEESSSS of thearea in a global / regional context

224422 Universitatea de Arhitecturã ºi Urbanism “Ion Mincu”/”Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning

IIDDEENNTTIITTAATTEE UURRBBAANNÃÃ //TTHHEE UURRBBAANN IIDDEENNTTIITTYY

Matterhorn(Elveþia/Switzerland), Notre Dame, Sena, Champ du Mars, Tour Eiffel (Paris),Guggenheim (Bilbao)

Sursa / Source: The imageand the region – Makingmega-city regions visible!,Alain Thierstein, AgnesForster, editori / editors

IIMMAAGGIINNEEAA UURRBBAANNÃÃ

Concept complex ce trebuie perceput dincolo deatribuþiile fizice implicate, imaginea urbanã se referãla:

•• ccaalliittããþþiillee ssppaaþþiiaallee - percepute în mod direct ºi experimentate în

viaþa cotidianã - relaþionate cu llooccaaþþiiii ssppeecciiffiiccee – ca zzoonnee

cceennttrraallee,, rreezziiddeennþþiiaallee,, aarriiii ccoommeerrcciiaallee,, cceennttrree mmooddaallee,,ppeeiissaajjee pprrootteejjaattee etc. • oobbiieeccttee ffiizziiccee,, ssppaaþþiiaallee – clãdiri, infrastructuri,parcuri. • uuttiilliizzaarreeaa ssppaaþþiiuulluuii – înþelegând prin utilizaremodul în care spaþiul este adaptat destinaþiei sale (ex.spaþii culturale, mediatice, activitãþi sportive,festivitãþi etc.)Caracteristicile determinate construiesc o imagine deansamblu care – discutatã în context urban – are unfoarte important rol în identificarea de SSEEMMNNIIFFIICCAAÞÞIIII,,SSEENNSSUURRII,, CCAARRAACCTTEERRIISSTTIICCII care vor contribui laconstruirea identitãþii oraºului: FFUUNNCCÞÞIIOONNAALLÃÃ,,FFIIZZIICCÃÃ,, EEMMOOÞÞIIOONNAALLÃÃ,, SSIIMMBBOOLLIICCÃÃ,, IISSTTOORRIICCÃÃ etc.Din totdeauna, Imaginea Urbanã a implicatconstituirea de PPUUNNCCTTEE DDEE RREEFFEERRIINNÞÞÃÃ în cadrulurban tradiþional; spaþiul urban al oraºuluicontemporan – oraºul global / mondial /informaþional etc, introduce la nivelul imaginiidimensiunea informaþional – tehnologicã – virtualãprin inserþia MMEESSAAJJUULLUUII PPUUBBLLIICCIITTAARR ºi mizarea pestructurarea IIMMAAGGIINNIILLOORR MMEENNTTAALLEE, necesarepercepþiei noilor forme urbane a cãror scarã implicãnoi moduri de citire a spaþiului, devenind parte amodului în care acesta este „CCOOMMUUNNIICCAATT” înãuntrulºi în afara oraºului. Imaginea noilor oraºe trebuie vizualizatã ca:- proiecþie a identitãþilor locale la scarã regionalã, - ierarhizare a semnificaþiilor,

Studii ºi cercetãri ºtiinþifice de arhitecturã ºi urbanism / Architecture and Urban Research Studies / AARRGGUUMMEENNTT 224433

TTHHEE UURRBBAANN IIMMAAGGEE

Being a complex concept that must be seen beyondthe physical functions involved, the urban imageconcerns:

• ssppaattiiaall qquuaalliittiieess- perceived directly and experienced in

everyday life- related to ssppeecciiffiicc llooccaattiioonnss – as cceennttrraall aarreeaass,,

rreessiiddeennttiiaall aarreeaass,, ccoommmmeerrcciiaall aarreeaass,, mmooddaall cceenntteerrss,,pprrootteecctteedd llaannddssccaappeess• pphhyyssiiccaall,, ssppaattiiaall oobbjjeeccttss - buildings, infrastructure,parks• tthhee ssppaaccee uuttiilliizzaattiioonn - meaning how space usage isadapted for its intended purpose (cultural and mediaspaces, sports activities, festivities)The determined characteristics build an urbanoverview having a very important role in identifyingMMEEAANNIINNGGSS,, SSIIGGNNIIFFIICCAATTIIOONN,, FFEEAATTUURREESS andcontributing to the FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNAALL,, PPHHYYSSIICCAALL,,EEMMOOTTIIOONNAALL,, SSYYMMBBOOLLIICCAALL,, HHIISSTTOORRIICCAALL city identityconstruction.Urban image always involved LLAANNDDMMAARRKKSS formationin the traditional town; the urban space of thecontemporary city – the global / informational city,introduce into the image level the informational –technological - virtual dimension, by integrating TTHHEEAADDVVEERRTTIISSIINNGG MMEESSSSAAGGEE and the betting on thestructuring of the MMEENNTTAALL IIMMAAGGEESS,, necessary for thenew urban forms perception, which scale involvesnew ways of reading the space, becoming part ofhow it is “COMMUNICATED” inside and outside thecity.The image of the new cities must be viewed as - a regional-scale projection of local identities, - a hierarchy of significations,according to the aabbiilliittyy ooff ppeerrcceeppttiioonn aannddaapppprroopprriiaattiioonn of symbols cumulated at territorial level

în acord cu ccaappaacciittaatteeaa ddee ppeerrcceeppþþiiee ººii aapprroopprriieerree asimbolurilor cumulate la nivel teritorial prin noileorganisme – entitãþi urbane.Repere în constituirea IIMMAAGGIINNIIII ºi IIDDEENNTTIITTÃÃÞÞIIIIUURRBBAANNEE s-au dovedit a fi pe parcursul istoriei urbane- topografia zonei (poate fi anulatã de expansiuneaputernicã în teritoriu), - clãdirile reper (funcþional, estetic, semnificativ,istoric, memorial, etc) - ansamblurile construite

În prezent, devine foarte important ddeessiiggnnuull uurrbbaann ººiiaarrhhiitteeccttuurraall, ca element de ccoonneeccttiivviittaattee ºi ghidare înteritoriu, conferind forþã ºi contribuind la generareaunei identitãþi.

224444 Universitatea de Arhitecturã ºi Urbanism “Ion Mincu”/”Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning

through new organisms - urban entities.Landmarks in the UURRBBAANN IIMMAAGGEE and IIDDEENNTTIITTYYformation proved to be over urban history:- the topography of the area (may be cancelled bystrong expansion in the territory), - reference buildings (functional, aesthetic,material, historical, memorial, etc.- the built ensembles

The uurrbbaann aanndd aarrcchhiitteeccttuurraall ddeessiiggnn became nowadaysvery important as a ccoonnnneeccttiivviittyy and guidanceelement in the territory, giving strength and helpingto generate an identity.

IIMMAAGGIINNEEAA UURRBBAANNÃÃ //TTHHEE UURRBBAANN IIMMAAGGEE

Sena (Paris), Guggenheim (Bilbao), Musee Du Quai Branly (Paris)City of Fashion and Design (Lyon Confluence)

Sursa/Source: autorul/authorºi/and www.lyon-confluence.fr

Studii ºi cercetãri ºtiinþifice de arhitecturã ºi urbanism / Architecture and Urban Research Studies / AARRGGUUMMEENNTT 224455

PPEEIISSAAJJUULL UURRBBAANN

Integrat conceptului de Peisaj, cuprinzând cuprecãdere aspectele antropice ale acestuia, PeisajulUrban reprezintã:- ccaaddrruull ddee eexxiisstteennþþãã a societãþii- ccoonntteexxtt cultural, istoric, economic- aammpprreennttaa existenþei societãþii- mmaattrriiccee de dezvoltare ulterioarã – elemente decontinuitate spaþialã, istoricã, economicã.Odatã cu explozia urbanã a ultimei perioade auapãrut noi tipuri de PPEEIISSAAJJEE, legate de tehnologiile îndezvoltare (informaþionalã, comunicaþionalã) ºinevoile amplificate de acestea:: marile infrastructuride comunicaþie, nodurile intermodale, peisajeintermediare ºi media.În contextul descris, nnooþþiiuunneeaa ddee ppeeiissaajj ddeevviinneeaammbbiigguuãã, complicatã de ssuupprraappuunneerreeaa ddee ssttrruuccttuurriiddiiffeerriittee,, de immaaggiinnii ººii ccaarraacctteerriissttiiccii vvaarriiaattee,, ddeesseeoorriiooppuussee ccaa ttiippoollooggiiee (urban / rural, natural / antropic,etc.) Complexitatea derivã din structurarea spaþialã simorfologicã a unei SSUUCCCCEESSIIUUNNII DDEE PPEEIISSAAJJEE, specificede altfel raporturilor dintre om ºi naturã (gradului deintervenþie în peisajul natural) ºi modurilor diferite delocuire a spaþiului. Peisajul rezultat este caracterizatde multiplicitate, varietate ºi discontinuitatestructuralã ºi spaþialã, amplificând riscurile deînstrãinare ºi pierderea apartenenþei dezvoltate odatã cu explozia urbanã din ultima jumãtate de secol.Se contureazã astfel ca necesitate extrem deimportantã ccoonnssttrruuiirreeaa ddee iimmaaggiinnii sseemmnniiffiiccaattiivvee,, ddeeiiddeennttiittããþþii ssppaaþþiiaallee, care sã devinã reprezentativepentru individ, pentru societate. PPEEIISSAAJJUULL UURRBBAANN în oraºul contemporan trebuie sãrezolve problemele apãrute ºi/sau dezvoltate, prin:- atenuarea ccoonnttrraaddiiccþþiiiilloorr,- rezolvarea ddiissffuunnccþþiiiilloorr,- asigurarea ccoonnttiinnuuiittããþþiiii þþeessuuttuulluuii,

224466 Universitatea de Arhitecturã ºi Urbanism “Ion Mincu”/”Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning

TTHHEE UURRBBAANN LLAANNDDSSCCAAPPEE

Integrated to the concept of landscape, including itshuman aspects particularly, Urban Landscape is:-- the framework of society’s existence-- cultural, historical, economical context-- the mark of society’s existence-- further development matrix - elements of spatial,historical, economical continuityWith the urban explosion of the contemporary periodnew types of LANDSCAPE appeared, related to thedeveloping technologies (informational,communicational) and its amplified needs:: largecommunication infrastructures, intermodal nodes,intermediate land media landscapes.In the described context, the nnoottiioonn ooff llaannddssccaappeebecame ambiguous, complicated by tthhee ssuuppeerrppoossiittiioonnooff ddiiffffeerreenntt ssttrruuccttuurreess and vvaarriioouuss iimmaaggeess aannddcchhaarraacctteerriissttiiccss,, oofftteenn ooppppoosseedd ttyyppoollooggiieess (urban/rural, natural /anthropical, etc.)The complexity derives from the spatial andmorphological structure of a SSUUCCCCEESSSSIIOONN OOFFLLAANNDDSSCCAAPPEESS, specific, in fact, to the relationsbetween man and nature (degree of intervention inthe natural landscape) and to the different modes ofliving the space. The resulted landscape ischaracterized by multiplicity, variety and structuraland spatial discontinuity, amplifying the risk ofalienation and loss of belonging, developed by theurban explosion of the last half century. It outlines as a necessity tthhee ccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn ooffmmeeaanniinnggffuull iimmaaggeess,, ooff ssppaattiiaall iiddeennttiittiieess, that wouldbe representative to the individual, to the society.The UURRBBAANN LLAANNDDSSCCAAPPEE of the contemporary cityshould solve the problems developed, through:- mitigation of contradictions,- resolving the dysfunction,- urban tissue continuity,- achieving the coherence of urban image,

Studii ºi cercetãri ºtiinþifice de arhitecturã ºi urbanism / Architecture and Urban Research Studies / AARRGGUUMMEENNTT 224477

224488 Universitatea de Arhitecturã ºi Urbanism “Ion Mincu”/”Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning

PPEEIISSAAJJUULL UURRBBAANN // TTHHEE UURRBBAANN LLAANNDDSSCCAAPPEE

Rodovia Anchieta (Brazilia), ZahaHadid - One North MasterplanSingapore,Viaductul Millau (Franþa), City Of Art And Science (Valencia), CCTV (OMA, Beijing)

Sursa/Source: Interactive Cities –Anomalie Digital Arts no.6, AG4 –Media Facades

- realizarea ccooeerreennþþeeii iimmaaggiinniiii uurrbbaannee,- construirea ccoonneeccttiivviittããþþiiii funcþionale,- regãsirea iiddeennttiittããþþiiii ssoocciiaallee ººii uurrbbaanneeÎn cadrul procesului de restructurare a peisajuluiurban, noþiunea de IIDDEENNTTIITTAATTEE se re-construieºte pellooggiiccaa rreeþþeelleeii ssppeecciiffiiccãã ppeerriiooaaddeeii iinnffoorrmmaaþþiioonnaallee..Printre cuvintele cheie care contribuie la algoritmareaacestui proces întâlnim termeni ca: conectivitate,coerenþã, continuitate, reþea.Important este a conºtientiza faptul cã ne aflãm într-o perioada de tranziþie ce se constituie ca punte delegãturã între iissttoorriiee ºi vviiiittooaarreeaa ddeezzvvoollttaarree uurrbbaannããcare a început sã-ºi manifeste tendinþele. PeisajulUrban reflectã aceasta ttrraannzziiþþiiee – prin care trecesocietatea ºi cadrul de existenþã al acesteia.

IIDDEENNTTIITTAATTEE – RREESSTTRRUUCCTTUURRAARREE – PPEEIISSAAJJ

ÎÎnn oorraaººuull ccoonntteemmppoorraann,, iiddeennttiittaatteeaa uurrbbaannãã eesstteeddeeppeennddeennttãã ddee rreemmooddeellaarreeaa ppeeiissaajjuulluuii uurrbbaann îînnvveeddeerreeaa restructurãrii oraºului.Este esenþial a înþelege palierele de influenþã pe carele implicã o remodelare urbanã, astfel ca nnoouuaaiiddeennttiittaattee ttrreebbuuiiee rreellaaþþiioonnaattãã ccuu::- istoria urbanã- valorile locale- caracterul locului- elementele de specificitate - elementele de potenþial

Se poate face afirmaþia cã IIddeennttiittaatteeaa UUrrbbaannãã estealcãtuitã din ssttrruuccttuurraa nnaattuurraallãã,, ssppiirriittuull llooccuulluuii,,ccooeerreennþþaa ssppaaþþiiaallãã,, ppaattrriimmoonniiuull eexxiisstteenntt ºi oobbiieeccttuull ddeeaarrhhiitteeccttuurrãã uurrbbaann. Astfel, IImmaaggiinneeaa UUrrbbaannãã devinemmaarrccaa,, “bbrraanndd”ul local /zonal, ccoonnttiinnuuiittaatteeaa ssppaaþþiiaallããdevine o ccaalliittaattee esenþialã a Peisajului Urban, caretrebuie ÎÎNNÞÞEELLEESS,, MMEEMMOORRAATT,, AAPPRROOPPRRIIAATT..

Studii ºi cercetãri ºtiinþifice de arhitecturã ºi urbanism / Architecture and Urban Research Studies / AARRGGUUMMEENNTT 224499

- construction of functional connectivity,- retrieval of social and urban identityToday, the identity is built on the same logicalnetwork of the informational era. CCoonnnneeccttiivviittyy,,ccoohheerreennccee,, ccoonnttiinnuuiittyy,, nneettwwoorrkk - are keywords in thenew urban landscape restoration strategies, involvingharmonization of the tissue, of the image and of thecontext actions.

The transition period where we are, assumes the roleof bridge between hhiissttoorryy and ffuuttuurree uurrbbaannddeevveellooppmmeenntt. Repercussions are felt mainly in theurban landscape which is a strong reflection of thetransition the society is dealing with.

IIDDEENNTTIITTYY – RREESSTTRRUUCCTTUURRIINNGG – LLAANNDDSSCCAAPPEE

TThhee uurrbbaann iiddeennttiittyy iinn tthhee ccoonntteemmppoorraarryy cciittyy iissddeeppeennddeenntt oonn tthhee rreesshhaappiinngg tthhee uurrbbaann llaannddssccaappee, forthe restructuring of the city.It is essential to understand the influence levelsinvolved in urban remodelling, so tthhee nneeww iiddeennttiittyymmuusstt bbee lliinnkkeedd wwiitthh- urban history- local values- character of the place- specificity elements- elements of potential

We can say that Urban Identity is made up of thennaattuurraall ssttrruuccttuurree,, tthhee ssppiirriitt ooff tthhee ppllaaccee,, ssppaattiiaallccoohheerreennccee,, eexxiissttiinngg hheerriittaaggee aanndd tthhee aarrcchhiitteeccttuurraalluurrbbaann oobbjjeecctt. The UUrrbbaann IImmaaggee became a mmaarrkk, thelocal or regional „bbrraanndd”, tthhee ssppaattiiaall ccoonnttiinnuuiittyy is anessential qquuaalliittyy of the urban landscape, who shouldbe UUNNDDEERRSSTTOOOODD,, MMEEMMOORRYY,, AAPPPPRROOPPRRIIAATTEEDD

IInntteerrvveennþþiiaa llaa nniivveelluull ppeeiissaajjuulluuii uurrbbaann pprreessuuppuunnee ddoouuããpprroocceessee pprriinncciippaallee::• iinntteerrvveennþþiiaa llaa nniivveell SSPPAAÞÞIIAALL• iinntteerrvveennþþiiaa llaa nniivveelluull CCOOMMUUNNIICCÃÃRRIIII,, mmeeddiiaattiizzããrriiiivvaalloorriilloorr,,pprroocceessee ppee bbaazzaa ccããrroorraa ssee ppoott ccoonnssttrruuii ssttrraatteeggiiiilleeppoossiibbiillee ddee rreemmooddeellaarree,, aavvâânndd ccaa pprriinncciippaall oobbiieeccttiivviiddeennttiittaatteeaa uurrbbaannãã..Un detaliu important cu implicaþii majore asuprarezultatului de ansamblu este acela cã ssppaaþþiiuull ppuubblliiccttrraaddiiþþiioonnaall ppooaattee ddeevveennii::-- ELEMENT DE CONEXIUNE în cadrul reþeleiurbane/- PUNCT DE ATRACTIVITATE / - GENERATOR DE IDENTITATE spaþial – urbanã / - SPAÞIU DE COMUNICARE

Un exemplu de studiu sugestiv si aproape depercepþia cotidianã l-am considerat a fi un fragmenturban din Bucureºti ce cuprinde corniºa Dâmboviþei însegmentul delimitat de Parcul Izvor – Casa Poporuluiºi Parcul Tineretului Calea Vãcãreºti. Zona propusãeste caracterizatã prin ddiivveerrssiittaattee,, mmuullttiipplliicciittaattee,,ddiiffeerreennþþiieerree funcþionalã, spaþial – volumetricã,socialã, identitarã si cuprinde o varietate de tipuri deþesut, înglobând vvaalloorrii ddee ppaattrriimmoonniiuu nnaattuurraall,, uurrbbaann,,aarrhhiitteeccttuurraall,, aarrttiissttiicc încadrate într-un þesut istoric,zzoonnee ddeessttrruuccttuurraattee de intervenþii urbane lipsite decoerenþã sau ssiittuurrii iinndduussttrriiaallee uurrbbaannee în proces dedezafectareZona delimitatã se contureazã în ideea stabilirii unuiscenariu general, care sã poatã acoperi o paletãsuficient de largã de posibilitãþi de intervenþie. Caracteristicile generale încadreaza situl în tematicapropusã spre studiu. Putem vorbi despreSUCCESIUNEA TIPURILOR DE PEISAJE care subliniazãproblema oraºelor actuale, lipsa coerenþei peisajului,determinând lipsa de lizibilitate, de percepere, deapropriere.

225500 Universitatea de Arhitecturã ºi Urbanism “Ion Mincu”/”Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning

TThhee iinntteerrvveennttiioonn aatt tthhee uurrbbaann llaannddssccaappee lleevveell iinnvvoollvveessttwwoo mmaaiinn pprroocceesssseess::• iinntteerrvveennttiioonn aatt tthhee SSPPAACCEE lleevveell• iinntteerrvveennttiioonn aatt tthhee ccoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn lleevveell,, aatt tthheevvaalluueess ddiisssseemmiinnaattiioonn lleevveell

TThheessee pprroocceesssseess ccaann bbuuiilldd rreemmooddeelllleedd ssttrraatteeggiieess,,hhaavviinngg aass mmaaiinn oobbjjeeccttiivvee tthhee uurrbbaann iiddeennttiittyy..An important detail with major implications on thegeneral result is that tthhee ttrraaddiittiioonnaall ppuubblliicc ssppaaccee ccaannbbeeccoommee

-- CONNECTION ELEMENT of the urban network /- ATRACTIVITY POINT /- urban spatial IDENTITY GENERATOR /- COMMUNICATION SPACE

A suggestive example, close to the daily perception, isan urban fragment of Bucharest, which includesDâmboviþa cornice, the segment bounded by IzvorPark – Casa Poporului, Youth Park, Vãcãreºti Way.The proposed area is characterized by diversity,multiplicity, functional, space-volumetric, identity andsocial differentiation, and includes a variety of tissuetypes, encompassing natural heritage values, urban,architectural, artistic values, placed in a historicalcontext and areas destructured by urban interventionwithout coherence, or abandoned urban industrialsites.

The delimited area is emerging in the idea ofestablishing a general scenario that can cover a widerange of possibilities for intervention.

We can speak about THE SUCCESSION OFLANDSCAPE TYPES - highlighting the problem ofpresent cities – tthe absence of coherence of thelandscape, causing non-readibility, non- perception,non-appropriation.

Aceastã tendinþã de „deºirare” spaþialã este oconsecinþã a tendinþei de ddee--llooccaalliizzaarree,, ddee--ccuuppllaarreessppaaþþiiuu//ttiimmpp determinate de evoluþia tehnologiei info-comunicaþionale. Decupajul propus spre studiu este realizat pe bazaipotezei de rezolvare a problemelor apãrute în urmade-localizãrii teritoriale – intenþia orientându-se sprerealizarea coerenþei, continuitãþii, conectivitãþii.

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This tendency of spatial dispersion is a consequenceof ddee--llooccaattiioonn, ddee--ccoouupplliinngg ssppaaccee//ttiimmee ttrreenndd,determined by info-communication technology.The fragment proposed for study is based on thehypothesis of solving the problems arising from theterritorial de-location - focusing on achieving spatialcoherence, continuity, connectivity.

Încadrarea generalã a zonei destudiu. Diferite tipuri de peisajeurbane. Peisaj semi-natural.Peisaj semi-rural / General framework of thestudy area. Different types ofurban landscape. Semi-naturallandscape. Semi-rural landscape

Sursa / Source: Cristina Enache, Peisajul urban in contextul tehnologiei informationale – studiu asupra implicatiilor noilortehnologii in structura urbana traditionala”, teza de doctorat, octombrie 2010 /

Urban Landscape in the context of the informational technology - Study of the implications of the new technologies onthe traditional urban structure PhD thesis, october 2010

Secþiunea delimitatã cuprinde patru din cele ºaptesecvenþe determinate – de la peisajul zonei centrale,trecând prin cel vechi rezidenþial, industrial urban ºirezidenþial colectiv. Existenþa în cadrul ariei definite aunor elemente de patrimoniu natural ºi construitargumenteazã alegerea scenariului.Aria studiatã pãstreazã în structura þesutului urbansuccesiunea EETTAAPPEELLOORR DDEE IINNTTEERRVVEENNÞÞIIEE UURRBBAANNÃÃ –regãsind în morfologia ei:- fragmente de þesut de tip spontan, - inserþiile de tip haussmanian ale bulevardelorRegina Maria ºi 11 Iunie, - parcelãrile proiectate (Tacu, Gramont, Învoirii), - restructurarea perioadei socialiste, - repere urbane (Mitropolia, bisericile Mihai Vodã,Radu Vodã, Bucur, Monumentul Eroilor).

225522 Universitatea de Arhitecturã ºi Urbanism “Ion Mincu”/”Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning

The delimited section contains four of the sevensequences determined – from downtown landscape,through the old residential landscape, industrial andcollective residence landscape. The existence withinthe defined area of natural and built heritageelements argue the scenario choice.The studied area preserves in the urban tissuestructure the succession of TTHHEE SSTTAAGGEESS OOFF UURRBBAANNIINNTTEERRVVEENNTTIIOONN – recovering in its morphology:-- ssppoonnttaanneeoouuss ttiissssuuee ffrraaggmmeennttss,, -- hhaauussssmmaanniiaann iinnsseerrttiioonn of Queen Maria Bvd and11 June Bvd,-- pprroojjeecctteedd ppaarrcceelllliinngg (Tacu, Gramont, Învoirii),-- uurrbbaann rreessttrruuccttuurriinngg ffrroomm ssoocciiaalliissmm,, -- LLaannddmmaarrkkss (Mitropoly, churches: Mihai Vodã,Radu Vodã, Bucur, Heroes Monument).

Succesiunea secvenþelor de peisaj /The succession of landscape sequences

Sursa / Source: Cristina Enache, Peisajulurban in contextul tehnologieiinformationale – Studiu asupra implicatiilornoilor tehnologii in structura urbanatraditionala”, teza de doctorat, octombrie2010 / Urban Landscape in the context ofthe informational technology - Study of theimplications of the new technologies on thetraditional urban structure PhD thesis,october 2010

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Repere urbane din zona studiatã / Landmarks from the studied area:

Autogara Filaret, Vama Poºtei,Fabrica de Chibrituri, PalatulParlamentului, CCE, Mitropolia, Parcul Carol, Parcul Tineretului.

Sursa / Source: Cristina Enache, Peisajulurban in contextul tehnologieiinformationale – studiu asupra implicatiilornoilor tehnologii in structura urbanatraditionala”, teza de doctorat, octombrie2010 / Urban Landscape in the context ofthe informational technology - Study of theimplications of the new technologies on thetraditional urban structure PhD thesis, oct.2010

OO SSTTRRAATTEEGGIIEE DDEE RREESSTTRRUUCCTTUURRAARREE UURRBBAANNÃà esteoportunã pentru revitalizarea zonei datoritãpotenþialului existent, reprezentat de:-- rreezzeerrvvaa ddee tteerreenn asiguratã de siturile industriale încurs de conversie funcþionalã,-- vvaalloorriillee nnaattuurraallee // aannttrrooppiiccee existente înperimetrul studiatO posibilã intervenþie trebuie sã aibã în vedere treiaspecte:-- rreegglleemmeennttaarreeaa zzoonneeii – strategii de dezvoltare ºirestructurare funcþionalã ºi volumetric–spaþialã,regulament de urbanism ce va stabili condiþiile deintervenþie – prin remodelare, construire,valorificarea existentului sau transformarea acestuia-- ccoonnssttrruuiirreeaa uunneeii iinnffrraassttrruuccttuurrii ssoocciiaallee de calitate-- vvaalloorriiffiiccaarreeaa ppaattrriimmoonniiuulluuii ººii ccrreeaarreeaa ddee ppuunnccttee ddeeaattrraaccttiivviittaattee prin identificarea elementelorarhitectonice / urbane / artistice valoroase existenteîn cadrul þesutului analizat - stabilirea unei ierarhii spaþiale, - gradarea parcursului - creºterea atractivitãþii la nivel zonal ºi la nivelmunicipalPPrroocceessuull ddee iinntteerrvveennþþiiee presupune demararea uneiserii complexe de acþiuni, printre care:-- IIDDEENNTTIIFFIICCAARREEAA PPAATTRRIIMMOONNIIUULLUUII existent;-- MMAARRCCAARREEAA ZZOONNEELLOORR ce necesitã / permitRREESSTTRRUUCCTTUURRÃÃRRII puternice (schimbarea funcþiuniimajore, remodelarea circulaþiilor / þesutului, inserareade elemente – reper);- stabilirea unor TTRRAASSEEEE MMAAJJOORREE DDEE PPAARRCCUURRGGEERREEa spaþiului, în funcþie de circulaþiile importante,reperele existente ºi/sau propuse, zone frecventatede populaþie, sau cu o anumitã tradiþie;-- IIEERRAARRHHIIZZAARREEAA pe tronsoane a zonelor propusespre revitalizare / restructurare;- realizarea unor SSTTUUDDIIII de fezabilitate pentruprezentarea autoritãþilor locale;-- AATTRRAAGGEERREEAA potenþialilor IINNVVEESSTTIITTOORRII, prin

225544 Universitatea de Arhitecturã ºi Urbanism “Ion Mincu”/”Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning

An UURRBBAANN RREESSTTRRUUCCTTUURRIINNGG SSTTRRAATTEEGGYY isappropriate for the area revitalization, due to existingpotential, represented by:-- tthhee rreesseerrvvee ooff llaanndd ensured from industrial sites inthe process of functional reorganization,-- nnaattuurraall vvaalluueess // aanntthhrrooppiicc values existing in thestudy area.A possible intervention must consider three aspects:-- aa rreegguullaattiioonn ffoorr tthhee uurrbbaann aarreeaa – development and functional and volumetric-spatialrestructuring strategies, urban planning regulationthat will establish the conditions for intervention - byremodelling, construction, highlighting of the existingurban framework or its transformation -- building a quality ssoocciiaall iinnffrraassttrruuccttuurree-- aapppprreecciiaattiioonn ooff ccuullttuurraall hheerriittaaggee aanndd ccrreeaattiinnggaattttrraaccttiivvee ppooiinnttss by identifying valuable architectural,urban, artistic elements in the analyzed tissue- establish a spatial hierarchy, - grading the urban route- increasing the attractiveness to regional andmunicipal levelTThhee iinntteerrvveennttiioonn pprroocceessss involves starting a complexseries of actions, including:- Identification of the EEXXIISSTTIINNGG HHEERRIITTAAGGEE;-- MMAARRKKIINNGG TTHHEE AARREEAASS that require / allow strong restructuring ( the change of major function,remodelling circulations / tissue, inserting landmarks);- setting MMAAJJOORR RROOUUTTEESS for space traverse,depending on the important flows, existing and / orproposed landmarks, areas frequented by the public,or with a certain tradition;-- HHIIEERRAARRCCHHYY of the areas proposed forrevitalization / restructuring;- achievement of feasibility studies for presentationto local authorities;- attracting potential investors by presenting thepossible benefits (economical level - increasing theattractiveness of the area - at real estate, tourism,

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Schema de intervenþie în zona studiatã /The intervention scheme in the study area

Sursa / Source: Cristina Enache, Peisajul urban in contextul tehnologiei informationale – studiu asupra implicaþiilor noilortehnologii in structura urbana traditionala”, teza de doctorat, octombrie 2010 /Urban Landscape in the context of the informational technology - Study of the implications of the new technologies on thetraditional urban structure PhD thesis, oct. 2010

prezentarea beneficiilor posibile (economice –sporirea atractivitãþii zonei – la nivel imobiliar, turistic,investiþional; culturale; sociale; emoþionale);-- IINNFFOORRMMAARREEAA PPOOPPUULLAAÞÞIIEEII prin MMEEDDIIAATTIIZZAARREE -site-uri de prezentare, informare ºi dezbateri,publicitate.SSee ppooaattee aavveeaa îînn vveeddeerree uunn pprroocceess ddee rreeSSTTAABBIILLIIRREE aIIDDEENNTTIITTÃÃÞÞIIII zonei prin acþiuni ce includ:- structurarea unui sistem de trasee pietonale - continuitatea spaþiilor publice- introducerea de elemente – reper urbane- identificarea patrimoniului - generarea de arii de protecþie, - inserarea de noi programe/obiecte de arhitecturã - dialog vechi/nou- valorificarea elementelor existente- noi puncte de atractivitate urbanã

CCoonncclluuzziiii

Restructurarea trebuie sã urmãreascã o corectãaannaalliizzãã ººii ddiiaaggnnoossttiiccaarree a zonei, intervenind în funcþiede ggrraaddeellee ddee ppeerrmmiissiivviittaattee ººii ddee pprrootteeccþþiiee. Noile inserþii vor avea în vedere DIALOGUL pe care îlvor construi la nivel ffuunnccþþiioonnaall,, vvoolluummeettrriicc,, ssoocciiaall,fiind gândite în acord cu reþeaua în care se înscriu saupe care o genereazã. Se va realiza o armonizare întreSSTTRRUUCCTTUURRAA SSOOCCIIAALLÃÃ,, SSTTRRUUCCTTUURRAA UURRBBAANNÃà ºiSSTTRRUUCCTTUURRAA EESSTTEETTIICCÃà ºi CCUULLTTUURRAALL –– IIDDEENNTTIITTAARRÃà –pe fondul major al globalizãrii, rezultatul fiind acelPPeeiissaajj UUrrbbaann specific coerent, cu valori ºi continuitate. SSppaaþþiiuull ppuubblliicc –– ccaa ppuurrttããttoorr aall sseennttiimmeennttuulluuii ddeeaappaarrtteenneennþþãã ccoolleeccttiivvãã,, aarree uunn rrooll eesseennþþiiaall îînn ddeeffiinniirreeaaccaarraacctteerruulluuii uurrbbaann,, eell ddeevviinnee îînn ssiinnee lloocc aall iiddeennttiittããþþiiiissoocciiaallee..Un sistem de spaþii publice ºi spaþii plantate ar puteaconstitui soluþia pentru recuperarea peisajului urbanal Bucureºtiului, neglijat, degradat, destructurat.Prezenþa celor douã cursuri de apã din interiorul

225566 Universitatea de Arhitecturã ºi Urbanism “Ion Mincu”/”Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning

investment; cultural, social, emotional level);-- IINNFFOORRMMAATTIIOONN OOFF PPEEOOPPLLEE through MMEEDDIIAA -presentation sites, information and debate,advertising.It may be considered a process of rreessttoorriinngg the areaIIDDEENNTTIITTYY through actions that include- structuring a system of pedestrian paths - continuity of public spaces- introduction of elements - urban landmark- identification of heritage - generating protection areas, - insertion of new programs / architectural objects - old / new dialogue- highlighting the existing elements- new points of urban attractiveness

CCoonncclluussiioonnss

The restructuring must follow a correct aannaallyyssiiss aannddddiiaaggnnoossiiss of the area, intervening depending of theddeeggrreeee ooff ppeerrmmiissssiivveenneessss aanndd pprrootteeccttiioonnThe new insertions will consider the dialogue that willbe built at functional, volumetric, social level, beingdesigned in accordance with the network that itcontains or generates. It will be achieved aharmonization between social structure, urbanstructure, aesthetic and cultural - Identity STRUCTURE– on the globalization background, the result beingthat specific urban landscape coherent, with valuesand continuity.PPuubblliicc ssppaaccee -- aass tthhee bbeeaarreerr ooff tthhee sseennssee ooff bbeelloonnggiinngg,,hhaass aa kkeeyy rroollee iinn ddeeffiinniinngg uurrbbaann cchhaarraacctteerr,, iitt bbeeccoommeessiittsseellff aa ppllaaccee ooff ssoocciiaall iiddeennttiittyy.. A system of public spaces and green spaces could bethe solution for the recovery of the urban landscapeof Bucharest, neglected, degraded, de-structured. Thepresence of two water courses inside the city -Dâmboviþa and the chain of lakes, support andfacilitate implementation of such a project, being

oraºului – Dâmboviþa ºi salba de lacuri susþin ºifaciliteazã implementarea unui astfel de proiect,constituind practic principalele direcþii din cadrulreþelei urbane.Realizând aceste relaþii – rupturile ºi segregãrile dinspaþiul urban vor fi diminuate de cãtre cursivitateaspaþialã, coerenþa traseului ºi sentimentul deapropriere. Acestea vor oferi individului societãþiicontemporane mediul fizic stabil ºi complex,recognoscibil ºi identificabil de care are nevoie într-olume a uniformizãrii ºi virtualizãrii.

În prezent este evident faptul cã nu mai avem de-aface cu oraºul tradiþional compact ºi strãzile sale,scuaruri ºi parcuri, ci cu o nouã viziune, un oraºdispersat, în care noi spaþii deschise pot acþiona ca unfactor de coeziune, pot deveni accesibile ºi pot finoua strategie care sã defineascã forma metropolei.Dacã epoca industrialã promova stilul de viaþã divizatîn secþiuni complet separate, zonificate, oraºulcontemporan propune o acumulare de spaþii de marediversitate culturalã, parcurgerea lor fiind similarã cunavigarea în ciberspaþiu. În era informaþiei, proiectulurban trebuie sã se inspire din demersuldescentralizat al Internetului, construind unitãþiurbane din elemente diverse ca funcþie ºi stil, acesteafiind, la rândul lor, interconectate prin cãi decapacitate mai mare. Caracterul indus spaþiuluiîmprumutã din tipologia fractalã, fiecare fragmentreproducând întregul. Caracteristicile noului Peisaj Urban se dovedesc a fiddiivveerrssiittaatteeaa ºi ccooeerreennþþaa, perceptibile atât la nivelulimaginii urbane, cât ºi la nivelul utilizãrii spaþiului.Cum mobilitatea reprezintã unul dintre cele maiimportante aspecte ale perioadei actuale, peisajuleste perceput în miºcare, dinamic, relaþionareaspaþialã a nodurilor urbane devine esenþialã înasigurarea continuitãþii – spaþiale, funcþionale,estetice, contextuale.

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practically the main spatial directions of the urbannetwork. Realizing these relations - breaks and segregation ofurban space will be reduced by the spatial fluidity,spatial coherence and sense of appropriation. This willprovide to contemporary society a complex physicalenvironment, recognizable and identifiable, neededin a world of uniformity and virtualization.

Today we no longer have to do with traditionalcompact city and its streets, squares and parks, butwith a new vision, a city dispersed, where new openspaces can act as a cohesive factor, could becomeaccessible and may be the new strategy to define theshape of the metropolis. If the industrial agepromoted the lifestyle completely divided intoseparate zoning sections, the contemporary cityoffers a diverse accumulation of cultural places, theircompletion being similar to navigating in cyberspace.In the information age, urban design should beguided by the decentralized approach of the internet,building urban units from elements different asfunction and style, which are interconnected by pathsof greater capacity. The induced space characterborrows from fractal typology, each fragmentreproducing the whole.

The new urban landscape features appear to bediversity and coherence, perceptible both in theurban image as well as in the use of space. As mobilityis one of the most important aspects of the presentperiod, the landscape is perceived in motion,dynamic, spatial networking of urban nodes becomeessential to ensure the continuity - spatial, functional,aesthetic, contextual.

BBiibblliiooggrraaffiiee//BBiibblliiooggrraapphhyy

AG4, Media Facades, 2006 DAAB, GermanyASCHER, Francois, Les nouveaux principes de l’urbanisme, Editions de l’Aube, 2001.ASENSIO, Francisco, Atlas des Paysagistes, ed. Minerva, col. Aubanel, 2006 GOSPODINI, Aspa, European cities and place-identity generators, Discussion Papers Series, University of ThessalyPublications, Volos, 2002HALL, Peter, Oraºele de mâine, Editura ALL Educational, 1999LLOP, Carlos, Metropolitan landscapes : polycentrism , expansion, multi -peripheries and micro -peripheries. From the clichélandscape to the kaleidoscope landscape, p.91-114 in The Challenge of landscape in metropolitan areas, UAB DigitalRepository of Documents, 2008, www.ddd.uab.catLYNCH, Kevin, L’image de la cite, Paris, Dunod, 1976. MELISSINOS, Alexandre, Cities as urban “monuments” in ECC – PAT 2001 - Forward planning: The function of culturalheritage in a changing EuropeNORBERG SCHULZ, Christian, Existence, space and architecture, Studio Vista Limited, 1971.ROZENHOLC, Anita, Heritage in a network society in ECC – PAT 2001 - Forward planning: The function of cultural heritagein a changing Europe***ECC – PAT 2001 - Forward planning: The function of cultural heritage in a changing Europe***Journal of Urban Design, vol. 5 - Complexity and Urban Coherence, 2000, p. 291-316***The Challenge of landscape in metropolitan areas, UAB Digital Repository of Documents, 2008, www.ddd.uab.cat*** The image and the region – Making mega-city regions visible!, ed. by Alain Thiersten, Agnes Forster, Lars MullerPublisher, Baden, Switzerland, 2008

SSuurrssee IInntteerrnneett::www.bilbaoria2000.orgwww.lyon-confluence.frwww.parisrivegauche.com/www.planum.net www.rudi.net (Resource for Urban Design Information)www.zaha-hadid.com

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