Imagen, percepción y verdad en la obra de Vik Muniz

7/25/2019 Imagen, percepcin y verdad en la obra de Vik Muniz

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UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES

FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA Y LETRAS

MAESTRIA EN ESTUDIOS INTERDISCIPLINARIOS DE LA SUBJETIVIDAD

SEMINARIO ATRAVESAMIENTOS SIMBLICO IMAGINARIOS DEL SUJETO Y

DE LA NOCIN DE SUBJETIVIDADProf. Dr. Eduardo Grner

Prof. De!o Sn!er

I"a!en# $er%e$%&n ' (erdad en )a o*ra de V+ Mun,

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2/26

El pintor construye, el fotgrafo revela

Susan Sontag

Una m!a"a #$os%#&a so'!( $as o'!as "( a!t( no )!(t(n"( sm)$(m(nt( nt(!)!(ta!

"(s"( un &on*unto "( t(o!+as $as o'!as ,u( un a!tsta )!(s(nta- .o! su)u(sto/ "(t(!mna"as

0(!!am(ntas t(%!&as nos )(!mt(n (! "( ot!a man(!a una )!o)u(sta a!t+st&a- .(!o ($

(n&u(nt!o &on $as o'!as "('( mo(!nos a &on&()tua$2a! nu(am(nt(/ a am)$a! nu(st!o

!(gst!o "( $o s(ns'$( 3 a )on(! (n *u(go $os sa'(!(s )!(os- Es &on (st( (s)+!tu &on ($ ,u(

nos a&(!&amos a $a o'!a "( V4 Mun2/ a!tsta &ont(m)o!5n(o '!as$(!o ,u( )!o'$(mat2a a

t!a6s "( sus #otog!a#+as/ $a !($a&%n "($ (s)(&ta"o! &on ($ mun"o "( $as m5g(n(s- .on(! (n

("(n&a/ 0a&(! (!/ $$(a! a$ $uga! "( $a most!a&%n/ son o)(!a&on(s a $as ,u( $os a!tstas

)$5st&os o sua$(s nos t(n(n a&ostum'!a"os- D(s)u6s "( to"o/ (st( t)o "( o'!a "( a!t( no(s sno una mat(!a$"a" )!(s(nt( a $os o*os/ a#!ma&%n m5s ,u( a&(!ta"a (n ($ &aso "( V4

Mun2 ,u(n/ s '(n t!a'a*a &on "#(!(nt(s mat(!a$(s/ )!(s(nta a$ (s)(&ta"o! so$am(nt( $a

#otog!a#+a "( sus o'!as- O/ (n to"o &aso/ sus o'!as son m5g(n(s #otog!5#&as ,u(

("(n&an $a aus(n&a "( $a mat(!a$"a" no$u&!a"a (n ($ )!o&(so )!o"u&to- En (st(

s(nt"o/ nt(nta!(mos )(nsa! *unto &on $a o'!a "( V4 Mun2 )!o'$(mas !($a&ona"os &on $a

mmesis/ su am'gua&%n 3 su mu$t)$&a&%n n#nta- Tam'6n a'o!"a!(mos $a &u(st%n "(

$a mag(n &omo "(o$og+a 3 (n )a!t&u$a! $a &onsttu&%n "( $a m(mo!a &omo a!&0o

#otog!5#&o- .a!a $os #n(s "($ )!(s(nt( t!a'a*o nos $mta!(mos (n &as to"os $os &asos a $as

o'!as (7)u(stas (n $a !(t!os)(&ta ,u( s( (70'( (nt!( ma3o 3 s()t(m'!( "( (st( a8o (n ($

C(nt!o "( A!t( Cont(m)o!5no "($ Mus(o "( $a Un(!s"a" "( T!(s "( 9('!(!o-

.a!tamos "( a$gunas ("(n&as '5s&as a $as ,u( nos (n#!(ntamos (n !($a&%n a $as

o'!as "( V4 Mun2- To"as $as o'!as )!(s(nta"as son #otog!a#+as/ $a ma3o!+a "( ($$as

ana$%g&as 3 a$gunas ot!as &on "#(!(nt(s t6&n&as "gta$(s- Sn (m'a!go/ una )!m(!a

m)!(s%n (s ,u( s( t!ata "( #otog!a#+as "( sus o'!as 3 no "( $as o'!as msmas- V(mos una

mu3 !&a 3 a!a"a ut$2a&%n "( mat(!a$(s 3 t6&n&as "( &onst!u&&%n "( m5g(n(s/ )(!o

$as (mos s(m)!( a t!a6s "( $a "o&um(nta&%n #otog!5#&a- Mu&0as "( $as o'!as t(n(n un

#o!mato tan g!an"( ,u( nos o'$gan a a$(*a!nos "( ($$as )a!a ,u( s( )u("a #o!ma! a$$+ una

mag(n !(&ono&'$( :a $a man(!a "( a$gunos &ua"!os m)!(sonstas; 3 a a&(!&a!nos )a!a

nt(nta! (! s (#(&tam(nt( s( t!ata "( una #oto o (st5 a$$+ )!(s(nt( ($ mat(!a$< !(&o!t(s "(

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3/26

!(stas/ &0o&o$at(/ a2>&a!/ 0$o/ )a)($- En to"os $os &asos (sa '>s,u("a "($ mat(!a$ su#!(

una "(&()&%n/ s( t!ata s%$o "( #otog!a#+as- .(!o a$ a&(!&a!nos a $a o'!a (mos tam'6n

&%mo #u( &om)u(sta $a mag(n< )o! n#n"a" "( )(,u(8os #!agm(ntos "( ot!as #otog!a#+as/

"( 'asu!a/ "( )gm(ntos/ "( a$m(ntos/ "( t(!!a- Es/ )o! ot!a )a!t(/ ($ mo"o (n ,u( Mun2

($g( nom'!a! a mu&0as "( sus s(!(s< Im5g(n(s "( a$am'!(/ N8os "( a2>&a!/

Im5g(n(s "( &0o&o$at(/ Im5g(n(s "( 0$o/ Im5g(n(s "( "amant(s/ (t&- Con (stas

o's(!a&on(s )!($mna!(s ,u("a &$a!o (nton&(s ,u( Mun2 nos )!(s(nta #otog!a#+as &u3as

m5g(n(s t(n(n (n mu&0os &asos un &om)$(*o 3 $a'o!oso )!o&(so "( &onst!u&&%n m5s

&(!&ano a$ "( $as '($$as a!t(s/ ,u( )a!(&( )on(! (n &!ss ($ )!(&on&()to ,u( t(n(mos so'!(

$as #otog!a#+as &omo sm)$(s nstant5n(as "( $o !(a$- ?C%mo (st5n &om)u(stas $as m5g(n(s

,u( s( nos )!(s(ntan@ Est( (s uno "( $os )!m(!os nt(!!ogant(s/ uno "( $os m5s nm("atos

&on ($ ,u( V4 Mun2 msmo *u(ga 3 0a&( *uga! a$ (s)(&ta"o!- V(amos (nton&(s 0a&a"%n"( nos )u("( $$(a! (st( nt(!!ogant(-

Monad-"o

En ($ a8o = Mun2 !(a$2% un &on*unto "( t!a'a*os &u3a s(!( #o!ma M%na"as-

S( t!ata "( m5g(n(s &om)u(stas )o! una n#n"a" "( ($(m(ntos sm$a!(s ,u( "'u*an uno

"( ($$os (n g!an tama8o< so$"a"tos "( )$5st&o #o!man $a mag(n "( un n8o so$"a"o/

mon("as #o!man $a mag(n "( una g!an mon("a/ "(!sas #$o!(s #o!man una g!an !osa

'$an&a- To"os $os ($(m(ntos no son "6nt&os (nt!( s+/ a!+an (n &o$o!(s 3 #o!mas/ )(!o

t(n(n una (,ua$(n&a/ son $os )(,u(8os $a"!$$os "( una &onst!u&&%n '"m(nsona$ &on

$a ,u( Mun2 "'u*a/ g(n(!a$m(nt( a'!(n"o (s)a&os (n '$an&o (nt!( $os o'*(tos- En

mu&0as ot!as s(!(s ut$2a t6&n&as sm$a!(s/ (n $as s(!(s J(!og$+#&os/ Im5g(n(s "(

'asu!a/ Auto!!(t!atos (nt!( ot!as/ V4 Mun2 &om)on( una mag(n "( g!an #o!mato &on

una mu$t)$&"a" "( ($(m(ntos )(,u(8os ,u( ,u("an (n ("(n&a a&(!&5n"os( a $a

#otog!a#+a- ?En ,u6 s(nt"o ($ &on&()to $('n2ano "( m%na"a )u("( a)o!ta! &$a(s "(

$(&tu!a ,u( (7&("(n a $a s(!( 0om%nma@

En )!m(! t6!mno/ $os &u(!)os ta$ &omo $os (mos (st5n &om)u(stos "( ($(m(ntos

m5s sm)$(s- D( a&u(!"o a L('n2 Ca"a )a!t( "( $a mat(!a )u("( s(! &on&('"a &omo un

*a!"+n $$(no "( )$antas 3 &omo un (stan,u( $$(no "( )(&(s- .(!o &a"a !ama "( $a )$anta/


4/26


5/26

Soldado de !uguete/ s(!( M%na"as/ = :D(ta$$(;-

o'!a (s )a!t( "($ (#(&to 'us&a"o )o! Mun2< nos a&(!&amos 3 a)a!(&(n $os ($(m(ntos ,u(

&om)on(n $a #gu!a/ nos a$(*amos 3 $a #gu!a !(&ono&'$( u($( a a!ma!s( ant( nu(st!os

o*os- ?Fu6 su&("(!+a s #u(!amos &a)a&(s "( (! a>n m5s (n "(ta$$( (sas m5g(n(s@?V(!+amos $os &om)on(nt(s "( $os so$"a"tos "( )$5st&o tam'6n #o!ma"os )o! una

a!("a" "( ($(m(ntos m5s )(,u(8os@ La #+s&a &ont(m)o!5n(a )o! su)u(sto 3a nos "a una

!(s)u(sta m5s &om)$(ta/ aun,u( no tota$/ a (s( a&(!&am(nto "( $a mag(n- No &ono&(mos

a>n $os ($(m(ntos sm)$(s ,u( &om)on(n $o !(a$/ n $as "n5m&as &om)$(*as "($ mun"o

su'at%m&o-

.(!o )!o)am(nt( 0a'$an"o $as m%na"as son (nt"a"(s an+m&as &on "stntos

g!a"os "( )os'$"a"(s )(!&()tas 3 su #o!ma "( nt(!a&&%n (s mu3 "stnta a $o ,u(

)o"!+amos su)on(!/ no 0a3 &omun&a&%n (7t(!o! (nt!( ($$as/ &a"a m%na"a (st5 &(!!a"a

so'!( s+ msma 3 to"o su &ono&m(nto ( nt(!&am'o &on ($ mun"o s( "a (n ($ mo"o "( $a

!()!(s(nta&%n- Las mona"as son (nton&(s (nt"a"(s &on "stntos g!a"os "( )(!&()&%n

&(!!a"as so'!( s+ msmas ?C%mo (s ,u( )(!&'(n s no t(n(n &onta&to &on un mun"o

(7t(!o! a ($$as/ s no t(n(n (ntanas s(g>n $a #amosa (7)!(s%n "( L('n2@ Cont(n(n

(n s+ to"o ($ un(!so !()!(s(nta"o/ )(!o $a ma3o! )a!t( "( (sa !()!(s(nta&%n s( (n&u(nt!a

os&u!(&"a/ "( ta$ mo"o ,u( s%$o a&&("( a una )(,u(8a )o!&%n "( !(a$"a"/ a una )(,u(8a

)(!s)(&ta ,u( $( )(!t(n(&( 3 $a "#(!(n&a "( to"as $as "(m5s m%na"as- a3 "stntosg!a"os "( )(!&()&%n :0a3 m%na"as no!g5n&as/ anma$(s &on m(mo!a 3 (s)!tua$(s o

0umanas;/ )(!o (n to"os $os &asos &a"a una a&&("( a un )unto "( sta >n&o "( $a tota$"a"

3 $a >n&a m%na"a n&!(a"a :Dos; (s $a ,u( &ont(n( $a tota$"a" "( $os )untos "( sta

(7st(nt(s 3 )os'$(s- Y as+ &omo una msma &u"a"/ sta )o! "#(!(nt(s )a!t(s/ )a!(&(

ot!a 3 !(su$ta &omo mu$t)$&a"a (n )(!s)(&ta/ as+ tam'6n su&("( ,u(/ )o! $a mu$ttu"

n#nta "( sustan&as sm)$(s/ 0a3 &omo ot!os tantos un(!sos "#(!(nt(s/ $os &ua$(s no son/

sn (m'a!go/ sno )(!s)(&tas "( uno so$o/ s(g>n $os "#(!(nt(s )untos "( sta "( &a"a

m%na"a-=Est( t!a'a*o "( mu$t)$&a! $as )(!s)(&tas (s )a!t( "( $a )!o'$(mat2a&%n "( $a

o'!a "( V4 Mun2/ son $as m%na"as !a&ona$(s :$os (s)(&ta"o!(s "( $a o'!a; ,u(n(s

)u("(n mu$t)$&a! sus )(!&()&on(s "(s"( nu(os )untos "( sta 3 0asta g(n(!a!$os- En

= I'+"(m/ )- H-

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6/26

(st( s(nt"o ($ t!a'a*o "( Mun2 no 0a&( m5s ,u( o'$ga!nos a am)$a! nu(st!as

)os'$"a"(s )(!s)(&tas ,u( mu&0as (&(s t(n"(mos a su'(stma!- Ta$ &omo a#!m% (n

una (nt!(sta !(a$2a"a (n ($ "a!o .5gna 1=< Cuan"o (stamos (n un mus(o o (n una

ga$(!+a/ (stamos 0a&(n"o "os &osas (n )a!a$($o< (stamos (n"o a!t( 3 (stamos )(nsan"o

&%mo (stamos (n"o/ "( ,u6 man(!a (stamos (n"o- Es una a&t"a" mu3 m)o!tant(n

s(nt"o $o ,u( 'us&5'amos/ )(!o a)a!(&( "(s)$a2a"o/ &omo (n una (s)(&( "( mag(n on+!&a

(n $a ,u( ($ &($o "( Bu(nos A!(s (st5 !()$(to "( autos o$a"o!(s ( m5g(n(s "( $a !(na "(

Ing$at(!!a- Sn (m'a!go/ na"a "('(!+a s(! tan &$a!o !(s)(&to a una mag(n/ &omo un $uga!

g(og!5#&am(nt( "(nt#&a'$( 3 ,u( a"(m5s/ to"os )o"amos !(&ono&(!- .!(&sam(nt( $a mag(n

!(($a su a!t#&os"a"/ su &onst!u&&%n &omo un &on*unto "( &tas "( ot!os $uga!(s ,u( (n

mu&0os &asos no )o"(mos "(nt#&a!- ?C%mo (s ,u( (sta o)(!a&%n s( $$(a a &a'o@

1


11/26

/uenos 0ires/ s(!( .osta$(s "( nng>n $uga!/ =1H

E) ra,o ' )a "aera

Ot!as s(!(s (st5n !(a$2a"as "( #o!ma sm$a!


12/26

+iento del noreste, a la manera de *inslo4 &omer, s(!( Im5g(n(s (n )a)($/ =1

ns$o om(!/Northeaster/ $(o so'!( t($a/ 1H

M5s a$$5 "( ot!os (*(s ,u( ana$2a! (n (stas o'!as 3 $o ,u( su auto! &u(nta "( ($$as 3

su 0sto!a/ no 0a3 ,u( )asa! )o! a$to $o ,u( nos su&("( &omo (s)(&ta"o!(s (n !($a&%n a $a

mat(!a$"a" an0($a"a- Es/ (n mu&0os s(nt"os/ una "(&()&%n ant( nu(st!as (7)(&tatas

$$(ga! a $a &on&$us%n "( ,u( (sa mu$t)$&"a" "( mat(!a$(s ,u( (st5n #!(nt( a nu(st!os

o*os/ s( (s&u!!(n &omo a!(na (nt!( $os "("os )a!a "(*a!nos ant( sus )!(s(nt#&a&on(s

#otog!5#&as- a3/ (n $a o'!a "( V4 Mun2/ una )u(sta (n aus(n&a "( $a mat(!a$"a"/ un

!(t!a!s( "( $os s(nt"os t5&t$(s 0a&a ($ )!o&(so "( )!o"u&&%n "( $a o'!a/ "($ ,u( $os

(s)(&ta"o!(s s%$o $$(gan a ats'a! una "(a a t!a6s "($ "(ta$$( #otog!5#&o- .(!o (st(

)!o&(so "( "(smat(!a$2a&%n s( ("(n&a 3a (n ($ "((n! 0st%!&o "( $a o'!a "( Mun2

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13/26

"(s"( sus &om(n2os- Com(n2an"o &on sus )!m(!os t!a'a*os &omo (s&u$to! :s(!(

R($,uas "( 1;/ (mos un )!o&(so (n ($ &ua$ $os mat(!a$(s &om(n2an a o$(!s( m5s

ntang'$(s< (s&u$tu!as "( a$go"%n/ $u(go $+n(as "( a$am'!(/ "(s)u6s 0$o/ m5s ta!"( g!anos

"( a2>&a!/ o )o$o- En to"os (stos &asos/ )o"(mos (! un $a'o!oso )!o&(so "( (*(&u&%n "(

$a o'!a ,u( no$u&!a (7)$o!a! mat(!a$(s "stntos/ )(!o nu(am(nt( s( nos )!(s(nta (n $a

(70'&%n so$am(nt( $a #otog!a#+a- Lo #otog!a#a"o/ ,u( (n un )!m(! mom(nto uno )o"!+a

(!s( t(nta"o (n $$ama! $a o'!a )!o)am(nt( "&0a ,u("a (n a$g>n $uga! m+t&o/ )(!o

mat(!a$m(nt( "(sa)a!(&( )a!a "a!$( $a )!ma&+a a$ !(gst!o #otog!5#&o/ )a!a ($ &ua$ (st5

(s)(&a$m(nt( &!(a"a- En ($ &aso "( $as1m2genes de alambre 3 $as1m2genes de hilo(mos

una (7)(!m(nta&%n (n $a "(a "( t!a2o/ un "'u*o mat(!a$ (n ($ ,u( nu(am(nt( s( nos

!(($a ,u( ($ $5)2 u ot!o mat(!a$ t+)&o ut$2a"o )a!a ($ "'u*o o&u$ta su mat(!a$"a" ,u(

t(n"( a a)a!(&(! ns'$2a"a- En &am'o/ (s ("(nt( no '(n )!(stamos un )o&o "(at(n&%n/ ,u( ($ a$am'!( o ($ 0$o )(!mt(n a $a (2 ,u( $mtan una s(!( "( t!a2os "( $as

#gu!as "'u*a"as-

"aracol/ s(!( E,ua$ant(s/ 1 5os zapatos del artista, s(!( Im5g(n(s "( a$am'!(/ 1

1


14/26

$678%% yardas/ s(!( Im5g(n(s "( 0$o/ 1 +alentina, la m2s r2pida, s(!( N8os "( a2>&a!/ 1

Yo no so3 un nnoa"o!/ m( s!o "( t6&n&as 3 (st!at(gas "( )!o"u&&%n sua$

mu3 t!a"&ona$(s- D'u*o &omo to"o ($ mun"o/ a&a"6m&o/ '5s&o/ #gu!ato/ 3

#otog!a#+o &omo ,u(n 0a&( una #oto&o)a/ sn mu&0o )0otos0o) n na"a "( (so- .(!o $a

&on*un&%n "( am'as &osas/ "'u*o 3 #oto/ t(n( un (#(&to &on&()tua$ mu3 #u(!t(-

Estamos (nton&(s (n )!(s(n&a "( "'u*os ,u(/ &omo a#!ma Mun2/ !(&u!!(n a mo"os

t!a"&ona$(s "( !()!(s(nta&%n/ (n mu&0os &asos !(&u!!(n a m5g(n(s &%n&as "($

mun"o "($ a!t( o a o'*(tos mu3 sm)$(s/ &omo una s$$a/ un )a! "( 2a)atos/ un gatto-

En ot!os &asos/ ($ "'u*o &o)a una #otog!a#+a :)o! (*(m)$o (n Ni9os de az.car; 3 ($

!(su$ta"o (s #otog!a#a"o nu(am(nt( )a!a $a o'!a #na$- D('(mos nt(!!oga!nos

(nton&(s so'!( (s( )asa*( )o! ($ "'u*o/ ,u( (n &as to"as $as o'!as "( V4 Mun2

m)$&a una (7)$o!a&%n "( $os mat(!a$(s &on $os ,u( "'u*a!- S(!(s &omo1m2genes de

chocolate o 1m2genes de nubes("(n&an $a a!("a" "( mat(!a$(s &on $os ,u( s(

)u("(n !(a$2a! t!a2os/ "()(n"(n"o &a"a uno "( ($$os "( "(!sos )!o&(sos "(

a)$&a&%n/ "( 0(!!am(ntas "( "'u*o/ "( s(&a"o 3 #otog!a#a"o- .o! un $a"o $a

)os'$"a" "( ut$2a! &ua$,u(! t)o "( mat(!a$ )a!a "'u*a!/ (s )a!t( "( un !(&o!!"o

$>"&o ,u( )a!(&( t(n(! sus !a+&(s (n $os )!n&)os "( su o'!a (s&u$t%!&a- .o! ot!o $a"o/

I'+"(m-

1


15/26

$a (s)(&"a" "( &a"a uno "( $os mat(!a$(s/ ,u( no s%$o "(man"a t6&n&as "(!sas/

sno ,u( s( !($a&ona &on $as m5g(n(s "( $as o'!as )on(n"o "( !($(( ,u( s( t!ata "(

a$go m5s ,u( un m("o (7)!(so- Esto s( ("(n&a (n )a!t&u$a! (n $as s(!(s (n $as

,u( m5g(n(s "( )(!sonas !(a$(s son &om)u(stas &on mat(!a$(s "(!sos :a2>&a! o

'asu!a; ,u( t(n(n una !($a&%n n(s&n"'$( &on $a "a &ot"ana 3 ($ t!a'a*o "( (sas

)(!sonas- E$ )!o&(so (nton&(s )a!(&( ! "(s"( o'*(tos 3 mat(!a$(s &ot"anos :a$am'!(/

'asu!a/ )o$o/ a2>&a!;/ ,u( son ut$2a"os &omo 0(!!am(ntas )a!a "'u*a! o t!a2a!

#gu!as #5&$m(nt( !(&ono&'$(s ,u( $u(go son #otog!a#a"as 3 g(n(!a$m(nt( (7)u(stas

(n g!an"(s #o!matos- ?Fu6 m)$&a (nton&(s $a t!ans#o!ma&%n "( mat(!a$(s &ot"anos

(n ($(m(ntos "( "'u*o@ ?Fu6 su&("( &uan"o (stos ($(m(ntos !(un"os #o!man"o una

#gu!a son #otog!a#a"os 3 t!ans#o!ma"os "(#ntam(nt( (n o'!as "( a!t(@

0tlas '"arlao(, S(!( Im5g(n(s "( 'asu!a/ =

1H


16/26

V4 Mun2 &!(( ,u( ($ m("o #otog!5#&o ut$2a"o 3 $a &onsgu(nt( )u(sta (n

aus(n&a "( $a mat(!a$"a" a&(!&an su )!o)u(sta a!t+st&a a $a !(#$(7%n &on&()tua$- La

#otog!a#+a (s $a >$tma #o!ma tang'$( "( m("a&%n (nt!( $a m(nt( 3 to"o a,u($$o ,u( 3a&(

m5s a$$5 "($ a$&an&( nm("ato "( nu(st!os s(nt"os- Consttu3( una "(a mat(!a$2a"a/

mu3 (#+m(!a/ a'so$utam(nt( "n5m&a 3 (#&(nt(/ s '(n (s un o'*(to o a$go stua"o a$$+/ (n

($ um'!a$ ,u( s()a!a un o'*(to "( una "(a- N )u!a "(a/ n )u!o o'*(toP n )u!a

a'st!a&&%n/ n )u!a mat(!a$"a" &on&!(ta/ $a #otog!a#+a (s ($ um'!a$ ,u( )u("( !(($a!

nu(st!a !($a&%n &on $a mat(!a< $as (7t(nuant(s *o!na"as (n $as )$anta&on(s "( a2>&a! o (n

($ 'asu!(!o mun&)a$ ,u( mo"($an 3 &onsttu3(n $os &u(!)os "( $os t!a'a*a"o!(s/ a)a!(&(n

a0o!a t!ans#gu!a"os- Esa msma mat(!a ,u( "s)u(sta )a!a $a !()!(s(nta&% n/ nt(nta

&am'a! $a !($a&%n "( $as )(!sonas &on su "a "a!a- Y a $a (2/ $as #otog!a#+as "( V4

Mun2 )!(t(n"(n !(($a! nu(st!a !($a&%n &on $a !()!(s(nta&%n msma/ &on $a )!o$#(!a&%n"( m5g(n(s ,u( t(!mnan )o! &on#o!ma! un mun"o (n ($ ,u( mos- En $a )($+&u$a

"o&um(nta$ *asteland(mos (st( nt(nto "( Mun2 )o! &am'a! $a "a "( $as )(!sonas ,u(

!(&og(n 3 s($(&&onan 'asu!a/ m("ant( (sta t6&n&a "( $a t!ansu'stan&a&%n ,u(

t!ans#o!ma 'asu!a (n a!t(- Su )!o)%sto (s &am'a! $a "a "( $as )(!sonas &on ($ msmo

mat(!a$ &on ($ ,u( t!a'a*an to"os $os "+as- Una )!m(!a $(&tu!a )o"!+a sug(!!nos ,u( $a

&on(!s%n (n a!t(/ sa$a/ ,u( $a "(smat(!a$2a&%n 3 $a )u(sta (n mag(n/ sa$an/ ,u( $a

mat(!a$"a" (n#(!ma 3 $a mag(n sa$a- Sn (m'a!go/ no s( t!ata "( o)on(! mat(!a a

mag(n- Justam(nt( ($ t!a'a*o "( Mun2 )on( (n (sta"o "( )!o'$(ma $o ,u( su&("( (nt!(

mat(!a ( mag(n 3 ($ )a)($ "( $a !()!(s(nta&%n- La !($a&%n $>"&a &on $a mat(!a/ ($

"'u*a! &on &ua$,u(! mat(!a$ ,u( s( (n&u(nt!( a $a mano/ (s !a"&a$m(nt( "stnta a $a

!($a&%n )!o"u&toQ$a'o!a$ &on $a mat(!a- D( a0+ $a )u(sta (n &!ss "( $o ,u( un o'*(to

&on un s(nt"o mu3 (s)(&+#&o su)u(stam(nt( (s 3 $o ,u( )u("( $$(ga! a s(!/ (n $a (st($a "($

ready:made)(!o (sta (2 &on un g!a"o "( t!a'a*o a!t(sana$ m)o!tant( so'!( ($ mat(!a$ 3a

(7st(nt(- .!o"u&! m5g(n(s )(!mt( (nton&(s o$(! a sgn#&a! ($ mun"o a nu(st!o

a$!("("o!/ no )a!a $$(ga! a un sgn#&a"o m5s (!"a"(!o o (s(n&a$/ sno )o! ($ &am'o

msmo ,u( !()o!ta m!a! "(s"( ot!o $uga! o m!a! &on ot!os o*os- En (st( &aso V4

Mun2 no$u&!a (n ($ )!o&(so "( $a o'!a a a,u($$os &u3a "a )!(t(n"( &am'a!- Yo (sto3

nt(ntan"o &!(a! a!t(/ ( n#$u(n&a! n""uos a t!a6s "( $a mag(n 3a no (s su#&(nt(- Yo

(&0s$(!/ D-/ +i Muniz /uenos 0ires/ Bu(nos A!(s/ E"unt!(#/ =1H/ )- 1-

1


17/26

,u(!o &!(a! n""uos/ &!(a! un nu(o t)o "( n""uos/ 3 &!(o ,u( 0a3 )os'$"a" "(

0a&(!$o/ 0a&6n"o$os )!o"u&to!(s "( &osas- No s( t!ata s%$o "( (! "'u*tos anma"os< 0a2

$os tu3os )!o)os- No s( t!ata s%$o "( (! m5g(n(s/ )u("(s )!o"u&! t> msmo (sas

m5g(n(s/ #otog!a#a!$as/ man)u$a!$as- Lo )u("(s 0a&(! &on &n&o a8os/ (n ($ &o$(go/ 3 (so

$o as a asm$a! 3 a a s(! tota$m(nt( "#(!(nt( "($ n8o ,u( s%$o a)!(n"( a $((! 3

(s&!'!-1

V-&n# $o)/%a ' (erdad

En su an5$ss so'!( $a !($a&%n (nt!( o&u$a!&(nt!smo ( "(o$og+a/ Ma!tn Ja3 "a &u(nta "(

$a m)o!tan&a "( $a s%n &omo $a m(t5#o!a )!$(ga"a "($ &ono&m(nto 3/ (n (st(

s(nt"o/ "( una "( $as "(#n&on(s "($ &on&()to "( "(o$og+a "( a!$ Ma!7/ &omo unamag(n n(!t"a ta$ &omo su&("( &on $a camera obscura- A (sta s%n "sto!sona"a/ s(

o)on"!+a una s%n &$a!a ,u( s( &o!!(s)on"( &on $o ,u( !(a$m(nt( su&("( una (2 ,uta"os

$os ($os "(o$%g&os- .(!o (sta t!a"&%n o&u$a!&(nt!sta "( $a ,u( Ma!7 )a!t&)a #u(

"s&ut"a 3 "(st!ona"a "(s"( "(!sos #!(nt(s- A$gunos !($gosos/ (n $os ,u( $a )a$a'!a

toma $a )!ma&+a so'!( $a mag(n/ ot!os &on tnt(s "(&onst!u&&onstas ,u( )us(!on ($

a&(nto (n $a m)os'$"a" "( $$(ga! a t(n(! una mag(n o!gna$ (s "(&!/ no "sto!sona"a

"( una u ot!a man(!a- Sn (m'a!go Ja3 no a&u(!"a )$(nam(nt( &on $as &!+t&as

"(&onst!u&&onstas "($ o&u$a!&(nt!smo< A )(sa! "( su !(su($to ,u('!antam(nto "(

mu&0os "( $os su)u(stos #un"am(nta$(s "($ )(nsam(nto o&&"(nta$/ a )(sa! "( su as("o

Q(n ($ s(nt"o "(!!"(ano "( sa&u"!/ )(!o "(*an"o (n )(Q a $as *(!a!,u+as t!a"&ona$(s "(

(s( )(nsam(nto/ 3 a )(sa! "( to"a su auto)!o&$ama"a s("&%n/ s( 0a&( "#+&$ no $$(ga! a $a

&on&$us%n "( ,u( $a a$t(!nata "(s&onst!u&&onsta a $a "(sa&!("ta"a (!s%n

o&u$a!&(nt!sta "( $a &!+t&a "( $a "(o$og+a (s (n s+ msma nsu#&(nt(-11 Esta &!+t&a

nt(!na a$ o&u$a!&(nt!smo o&&"(nta$ )a!(&( mo$2a! (n )a!t( ($ t!a'a*o "( V4 Mun2- No

)o!,u( ,u(!a a'an"ona! $a &(nt!a$"a" "( $a mag(n (n $a &onst!u&&%n "( sgn#&a&%n (n

nu(st!a "a/ sno )o!,u( a!os "( sus t!a'a*os "(*an (n ("(n&a $os m(&ansmos "(

(nga8o 3 t(!g(!sa&%n a $os ,u( (stamos su*(tos &omo (s)(&ta"o!(s )asos ( ng(nuos "(

1 L(2&ano/ A-/ o)- &t-

11 Ja3/ M-/ "ampos de fuerza/ Bu(nos A!(s/ .a"%s/ =/ )- =-

1


18/26

$as m5g(n(s ,u( s( nos )!(s(ntan- S '(n V4 Mun2 no s( !(&ono&( &omo un a!tsta

)o$+t&o/ mu&0as "( sus o'!as )!(t(n"(n )on(! (n mom(nto !(#$(7on(s so'!( nu(st!o

mo"o "( !($a&ona!nos &on $as m5g(n(s/ &on nt(n&on(s ,u( &$a!am(nt( )o"(mos

"(nomna! )o$+t&as- D(s"( $as t(m5t&as "( $as s(!(s ,u( s( !(#(!(n a &on"&on(s "(

t!a'a*o "( u$n(!a'$"a" (7t!(ma/ a gu(!!as o a $os nmg!ant(s a#!&anos ,u( )(!"(n sus

"as (n ($ M("t(!!5n(o :5ampedusa;/ Mun2 no "(*a "( to&a! )!o'$(m5t&as

&ont(m)o!5n(as "( una #o!ma m)a&tant(- Sn (m'a!go (s &ons&(nt( "( $as $mta&on(s

,u( (st( t)o "( nt(!(n&on(s )u("(n )!oo&a!< Est5 &$a!o ,u( $as )(!sonas no an a

g(n(!a! &on&(n&a so&o)o$+t&a a t!a6s "( tus o'!as- S(gu!am(nt( n $(s )as( )o! $a

&a'(2a/ )(!o (s un )!n&)o/ un &om(n2o-1=C$a!am(nt( (st( g(n(!a! &on&(n&a no s(

!(#(!( sm)$(m(nt( a (nt(!a!s( "( ,u( (stas &!u"as !(a$"a"(s o&u!!(n "a!am(nt( (n ($

mun"o ,u( 0a'tamos- Es s(gu!am(nt( m5s m)o!tant( ($ t!a'a*o &!+t&o ,u( (sta'$(&( $ao'!a &on ($ (s)(&ta"o! 3 $a !(s%n ,u( "('( 0a&(! (n su !($a&%n &on $os mo"os "(

!(&()&%n "( $as m5g(n(s/ (n )a!t&u$a! "( $as #otog!a#+as-

5ampedusa/ o'!a )!(s(nta"a (n $a B(na$ "( V(n(&a "( =1

S a&(!&amos ($ t!a'a*o "( V4 Mun2 a $a &!+t&a "($ o&u$a!&(nt!smo no (s/ &omo 3a

a#!mamos/ )o!,u( s( )!(t(n"a sa$! "( 6$/ &omo s 0u'(!a un a#u(!a )os'$(- Como a#!ma

1= L(2&ano/ A-/ o)- &t-

1


19/26

Ma!tn Ja3/ as+ &omo s( )!(s(ntan a $a sta $as s("u&&on(s "($ m(!&a"o 3 $as #o!mas "( $a

g$an&a/ tam'6n ($ magna!o so&a$ )u("( &!(a! nu(as #o!mas "( &omun"a" 3 nu(os

%!"(n(s so&a$(s )os'$(s- En ot!as )a$a'!as/ s )!(t(n"(mos a&&ona! a #ao! "( un &am'o

so&a$/ no "('(mos sm)$(m(nt( mant(n(! una "stan&a &!+t&a !(s)(&to a $as m5g(n(s ,u(

s( nos )!(s(ntan )o!,u( son (0+&u$o )!$(ga"o "($ (nga8o "(o$%g&oP "('(mos tam'6n

s(! &a)a&(s "( ut$2a! $as m5g(n(s )a!a &ont!'u! a una &on&(n&a &!+t&a 3 a una

&!(at"a" )!o"u&to!a "( $o nu(o-

Una "( $as a)u(stas m5s nt(!(sant(s ,u( nt(nta )on(! (n (sta"o "( &u(st%n nu(st!a

!($a&%n ,u( t(n(mos &on $as #otog!a#+as &omo a!&0o "( una 6)o&a/ (s $a s(!( Lo m(*o!

"( L#(/ uno "( $os )!m(!os t!a'a*os "( V4 Mun2 (n 1- Bas5n"os( (n un $'!o ,u(

0a'+a t(n"o 3 $u(go )(!"% &on una s($(&&%n "( $as m(*o!(s #otos "( $a !(sta 5ife/ Mun2

"'u*% "( m(mo!a (sas #otos &%n&as "( "(!sos su&(sos 0st%!&os- Los "'u*os #u(!on$u(go #otog!a#a"os #u(!a "( #o&o 3 (n una )!m(!a a)!o7ma&%n a $as o'!as/ no (s #5&$

nota! ,u( no son $as #otog!a#+as o!gna$(s- So$am(nt( "(s)u6s "( una at(nta m!a"a/ s(

(m)(2an a nota! "(ta$$(s ,u( )a!(&(n ("(n&a! ,u( no (stamos #!(nt( a #otog!a#+as ,u(

"o&um(ntan $o su&(""o/ sno #!(nt( a (!son(s "'u*a"as "( $as #otog!a#+as/ &on m5s

"#(!(n&as "( $as ,u( )o"!+amos sos)(&0a!- A$ &om)a!a! $as #otog!a#+as o!gna$(s &on $os

"'u*os !(a$2a"os )o! V4 Mun2/ (mos ,u( (sas "#(!(n&as son sustan&a$(s 3 nos &u(sta

a&()ta! $a &!("u$"a" "( nu(st!a )!m(!a m!a"a- La #!as( "( N(t2s&0( ,u( ($g( Jonat0an

C!a!3 &omo ()+g!a#( "($ &a)+tu$o &ua!to "( ;


20/26

?epresentaciones de la memoria- 9oto o!gna$/ !(sta L#(&ombre deteniendo a un tan=ue enen/ s(!( Lo m(*o! "( L#(/ 1-

?epresentaciones de la memoria- /eso en 9oto o!gna$/ !(sta L#(;imes S=uare/ s(!( Lo m(*o! "( L#(/ 1-

=


21/26

Est( &a!5&t(! &ons(!a"o! "( $a )(!&()&%n &o'!a una !($(an&a mu&0o ma3o! (n

!($a&%n a $a #otog!a#+a- .o!,u( "(s"( sus &om(n2os/ gan% un $uga! (n ($ magna!o 3 $as

)!5&t&as &omo una #o!ma "( "o&um(nta&%n ngua$a'$( "( $a !(a$"a"- A&&("(mos a t!a6s

"( $a #otog!a#+a a mom(ntos >n&os ,u( "( ot!o mo"o s( 0u'(!an )(!""o 3 $a (7st(n&a

"($ !(gst!o #otog!5#&o &onsttu3( una )!u('a &ontun"(nt( ,u( &on#o!ma un a!&0o

0st%!&o (n mu&0os &asos n"s)(nsa'$( )a!a )!o'a! ,u( ta$(s o &ua$(s 0(&0os !(a$m(nt(

su&("(!on- Sn (m'a!go $a o'!a "( V4 Mun2 &ontnuam(nt( )on( (n &!ss (sa #un&%n "(

$a #otog!a#+a- En ($ &aso "( (sta s(!( "( t!a'a*os/ 0a3 una )!m(!a n"stn&%n ?"'u*o o

#otog!a#+a@ ?a!t#&o o !(a$"a"@ Es &$a!o ,u( (sta "&otom+a (s #a$sa- No )o"(mos 3a

a&()ta! ,u( a$go as+ &omo $a !(a$"a" s(a $o ,u( $a #otog!a#+a nos mu(st!a 3 tam)o&o

)o"(mos o)on(! (nton&(s a$ "'u*o &omo un a!t#&o- En ($ )!m(! &aso (sta!+amos

"(s&ono&(n"o ($ t!a'a*o "($ #ot%g!a#o< $a s($(&&%n/ ($ (n&ua"!(/ $a &om)os&%n/ ($ ma!&o(n ($ ,u( (sa #otog!a#+a nos (s )!(s(nta"a/ )(!o tam'6n (sta!+amos "(s&ono&(n"o $a

!($a&%n ,u( (sa #otog!a#+a t(n( &on su &ont(7to 3 &on nu(st!a m(mo!a (n !($a&%n a ot!as

m5g(n(s- Mun2 (s mu3 &ons&(nt( "( (sta )!(t(ns%n ,u( t(n(mos &uan"o m!amos una

#otog!a#+a< M t!a'a*o &onstant(m(nt( *u(ga &on $a "(a "( )!u('as 3 "o&um(ntos (n tanto

n&o!)o!a $os +m)(tus )!ma!os "( $a #otog!a#+a &omo una !(sa&a t(m5t&a-1 So'!( $a

"(man"a "( s(! sost6n "( una mmesis$o m5s a*usta"a )os'$( "( $a !(a$"a"/ !(&'mos

s(8a$(s ,u( no s%$o )a!(&(n no &o!!(s)on"(!s( a$ mun"o/ sno ,u( "(*an (n ("(n&a

nu(st!a )a!t&)a&%n a&ta (n (sa &onst!u&&%n-

En ($ &$5s&o t(7to "( a$t(! B(n*amn so'!( $a #otog!a#+a 3 ($ &n( &omo #o!mas "(

a!t( )ostau!5t&as/ $a !($a&%n (nt!( "o&um(nto 0st%!&o/ $u&0a )o$+t&a 3 #otog!a#+a ,u("a

(7)$&ta"a "($ sgu(nt( mo"o< Las tomas #otog!5#&as &om(n2an a &on(!t!s(/ &on

Atg(t/ (n ($(m(ntos "( )!u('a "($ )!o&(so 0st%!&o- Esto &onsttu3( su s(&!(ta

sgn#&a&%n )o$+t&a-1HE$ !(&()to! t(n( ,u( nt(!)!(ta! (sa #oto/ (s )u(sto (n mom(nto

)o$+t&o 3 $os t(7tos ,u( a&om)a8an $as #otos (n $os )(!%"&os ,u(!(n "!(&&ona! (sa

nt(!)!(ta&%n- La )!ma&+a "($ a$o! "( (70'&%n ,u( )!("omna (n $a #oto/ 0a&( "( ($$a

un )a!t&u$a! (s&(na!o "( $a $u&0a )o$+t&a- La #oto mo$2a 3 $o 0a&( 0a&a un $a"o o 0a&a

1 (&0s$(!/ D-/ o)- &t-/ )- 1=-

1HB(n*amn/ -/5a obra de arte en la


22/26

ot!o- Esa !(&()&%n "( $as #otog!a#+as &omo "o&um(ntos 0st%!&os (st5 no so$am(nt(

"!g"a )o! $os ()+g!a#(s "( $as #otog!a#+as (n "a!os 3 !(stas/ sno &omo a#!mamos )o!

$a m(mo!a &o$(&ta ( n""ua$ ,u( t(!mnan "( a!ma! $a )(!&()&%n 3 "( "a! s(nt"o a

(sas m5g(n(s- La s(!( ;he *eimar file "a &u(nta "( &%mo s( "!(&&onan $as

nt(!)!(ta&on(s "( $as #otog!a#+as &omo )!u('as "o&um(nta$(s- Como &ons(&u(n&a "( un

&aso (n ($ ,u( un &on*unto "( #otog!a#+as a$(manas "( $a )!m(!a mta" "($ sg$o I ,u(

#u( (n""o a un (s&!to! (s)(&a$2a"o (n $'!os "( (s)ona*(/ V4 Mun2 tom% &(ntos "(

#otog!a#+as ,u(/ (70'"as (n &on*unto 3 sn ()+g!a#( nnguno ,u( nos o!(nt(/ nta a

a!ma! un !om)(&a'(2as "( 0sto!as "( (s)+as/ (7)(!m(ntos &(nt+#&oQm$ta!(s 3

&ont!ant($g(n&a-

E7)os&%n "( $a s(!( ;he *eimar file

==


23/26

9otog!a#+as "( $a s(!( ;he *eimar fileEn (st( &aso $a #otog!a#+a #un&ona (n s(!( &on ot!as #otog!a#+as 3 )(!mt( a!ma! una

na!!a&%n- M(*o! "&0o/ o'$ga a$ (s)(&ta"o! a 0$a! una na!!a&%n ,u( sga $as )stas 3

sug(!(n&as ,u( )(!mta t(n"(! )u(nt(s (nt!( o'*(tos su($tos ,u( )a!(&(n no t(n(! s(nt"o

)o! s+ msmos 3 #otos "( )(!sonas o $uga!(s nt(!(n"as &on anota&on(s ,u( )u("(n "an a(nt(n"(! ,u( #u(!on ut$2a"as )a!a !(&ono&m(ntos "( "stnto t)o- Ta$ &omo B(n*amn

n"&% !(s)(&to a $as #otog!a#+as "( Atg(t/ ($ *u(go "($ "(t(&t( 3 "($ (s)+a (st5 no$u&!a"o

(n ($ )!o&(so msmo "($ (s)(&ta"o!- R(&ono&m(nto/ a!&0o/ "o&um(nta&%n/ (7)$&a&%n

"( $os 0(&0os/ s( su&("(n (!tgnosam(nt( (n ($ magna!o ant( (sta )!o$#(!a&%n "(

#otog!a#+as ,u( s%$o )u("(n &o'!a! s(nt"o )o! sus !(#(!(n&as a m5g(n(s sm$a!(s- Ca"a

(2 ,u( !(&ono&(s una mag(n sgn#&a ,u( (st5s t!atan"o &on su "o'$(/ &on a$go ,u( 3a

0as sto &on ant(!o!"a"/ ta$ (2 (n mu&0as o&ason(s- Y &a"a (2 ,u( $a u($(s a (!/

$$(a &onsgo ($ &ont(7to "( &a"a uno "( $os (n&u(nt!os ant(!o!(s-1Aun,u( (n (st( &aso

no s( t!ata/ &omo (n5o me!or de 5ife/ "( !(&ono&(! $as msmas m5g(n(s/ s+ s( $((n (n ($

&ont(7to "( un magna!o ,u( nun&a (st5 aus(nt( "($ a&to )(!&()to- E$ su*(to no (st5 so$o

(n su )(!&()&%n/ sno ,u( $$(a &on 6$ $as 0(!!am(ntas &u$tu!a$(s 3 )o$+t&as "( $as ,u(

)u"o 0a&(!s( "u!ant( su 0sto!a- .o"(mos a#!ma! (nton&(s ,u( ($ !(&ono&m(nto

no$u&!a"o (n $a )(!&()&%n/ $o ,u( $$amamos m5s a!!'a ($ &ons(!a"u!smo "($

(s)(&ta"o!/ s( a&(nt>a (n ($ &aso "( $as #otog!a#+as ,u( )!(s(ntan un &a!2 "o&um(nta$/ (

n&$u3( to"o ($ a&(!o "( sa'(!(s ,u( (7&("(n $a sm)$( &on&"(n&a "( #o!mas/ t!a2os 3

tonos-

Fun%one- ' $o-*)dade- de )a- "0!ene-

D( a&u(!"o a $o ,u( 0(mos a#!ma"o/ $a o'!a "( V4 Mun2 (s una a)u(sta &!+t&a/ $>"&a 3

!(#$(7a (n to!no a $as m5g(n(s 3 nu(st!a !($a&%n &on ($$as/ $os mo"os (n $os ,u( s(

&on#gu!an mun"os o (7)(!(n&as )os'$(s- La mo$2a&%n "($ (s)(&ta"o! a$ ,u( s( $(

!(($an $os m(&ansmos "($ (nga8o/ $o $$(a a )!(gunta!s( )o! ($ mun"o ,u( $o &!&un"a 3

)o! ($ g!a"o "( !(a$"a" ,u( su )a!t&u$a! )(!s)(&ta )a!(&( &onsttu!- .a!a )o"(! a&$a!a!

&(!ta &on#us%n )os'$( !(s)(&to a $as !($a&on(s &om)$(*as (nt!( mag(n 3 !(a$"a" 3

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(st6t&as &on un "(s&(nt!am(nto &!+t&o "( $a #un&%n "( $a s(m(*an2a/ (s ($ &am)o #6!t$ (n

($ ,u( V4 Mun2 "(s)$(ga su t!a'a*o-

Nube Nube, Manhattan/ s(!( Im5g(n(s "( nu'(s/ ==

A $a 0o!a "( )(nsa! &%mo un "(t(!mna"o !6gm(n "( $a mag(n )u("( mo"#&a!s( "(s"( $a

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B*)o!raf/a

B(n*amn/ -/5a obra de arte en la

Imagen, percepción y verdad en la obra de Vik Muniz

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