Informe 3 Laboratorio de Fisica II

7/21/2019 Informe 3 Laboratorio de Fisica II

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LABORATORIO DE FISICA II

EXPERIMENTO N°3

TRABAJO Y ENERGÍA

Resumen



En este experient! se est"#i$r% &! '"e !("rre (!n e& Tr$)$*! + &$ Ener,-$. ("$n#! "n("erp! $t$#! $ !tr! ("erp! /e& ("$& ("e&,$ en e& $ire + es s!steni#! p!r e& prier!0. es$rr$str$#! p!r e& se,"n#!1 A#e%s se 2erii($r% '"e &$ ener,-$ e(%ni($ se (!nser2$ $tr$24s #e& experient!1

Introducción

Se entien#e p!r tr$)$*! $ &$ ($nti#$# #e "er5$ "&tip&i($#$ p!r &$ #ist$n(i$ '"ere(!rre #i(6$ "er5$1 Est$ p"e#e ser $p&i($#$ $ "n p"nt! i$,in$ri! ! $ "n ("erp! p$r$!2er&!1 Per! se #e)e tener en ("ent$ t$)i4n. '"e &$ #ire((i7n #e &$ "er5$ p"e#e ! n!(!in(i#ir (!n &$ #ire((i7n s!)re &$ '"e se est% !2ien#! e& ("erp!1 En ($s! #e n!(!in(i#ir. se #e)e tener en ("ent$ e& %n,"&! '"e sep$r$ est$s #!s #ire((i!nes. es #e(ir &$7r"&$ p$r$ ($&("&$r e& tr$)$*! #e "n ("erp! es8

D7n#e8

Se #eine (!! ener,-$ $ $'"e&&$ ($p$(i#$# "n ("erp! /$s$0 p$r$ re$&i5$r tr$)$*! &"e,!#e ser s!eti#! $ "n$ "er5$. es #e(ir. e& tr$)$*! n! se p"e#e re$&i5$r sin ener,-$1 Est$($p$(i#$# p"e#e est$r #$#$ p!r &$ 2e&!(i#$# #e& ("erp! ! p!r &$ p!si(i7n #e& is!. esp!r est! '"e es p!si)&e #istin,"ir #!s tip!s #e ener,-$8

Ener,-$ p!ten(i$&8 Es &$ ener,-$ '"e i#e &$ ($p$(i#$# '"e p!see "n siste$ p$r$re$&i5$r tr$)$*! en "n(i7n #e s" p!si(i7n1 Existen #!s tip!s #e ener,-$ p!ten(i$&8

91 Ener,-$ p!ten(i$& e&%sti($8 Es &$ ener,-$ $&$(en$#$ (!! (!nse("en(i$ #e &$#e!r$(i7n #e "n !)*et! e&%sti(!. (!! p!r e*ep&! &$ (!presi7n ! #es(!presi7n #e"n res!rte8

D7n#e8

:1 Ener,-$ p!ten(i$& ,r$2it$t!ri$8 Es &$ ener,-$ '"e #epen#e #e &$ $&t"r$ (!n respe(t! #e"n p"nt! #e reeren(i$. se,;n &$ 7r"&$8

U = m*g*h



D7n#e8

Ener,-$ (in4ti($8 es $'"e&&$ ener,-$ '"e p!see "n ("erp! #e)i#! $ s" !2iient!1 Se#eine (!! e& tr$)$*! ne(es$ri! p$r$ $(e&er$r "n ("erp! #e "n$ $s$ #eterin$#$#es#e e& rep!s! 6$st$ "n$ 2e&!(i#$# #eterin$#$1

D7n#e8

Objetivos

• I#entii($r $(e&er$(i!nes p!r "s! #e p!&e$s i*$s + 72i&es1

• Deterin$r e& tr$)$*! re$&i5$#! p!r #ierentes "er5$s1

• I#entii($r &$ ener,-$ (in4ti($ + p!ten(i$& ,r$2it$t!ri$1

• Ap&i($r te!re$ #e& tr$)$*! + ener,-$1

Procedimiento experimental

A(ti2i#$# 98

M$teri$&es8

<9 rie& et%&i(!

<9 p!&e$ i*$

<9 p!&e$ 72i&

<6i&!

<: sens!res #e !2iient!

<$s$s

<)!rr$#!r #e $#er$



Se pr!(e#e $ !nt$r "n rie& #e $&"ini! s!)re &$ es$. (!n "n siste$ #e p!&e$s"n$ i*$ en "n!s #e s"s extre!s. ientr$s '"e en e& !tr! extre! se en("entr$ "n sens!r #e !2iient! + "n$ p!&e$ 72i& s"spen#i#$ en e& $ire p!r e#i! #e "n 6i&! #e $s$#espre(i$)&e. en est$ p!&e$ se (!&!($ "n$ $s$ (!&,$#$ + "n sens!r #e !2iient!sit"$#! )$*! &$ $s$ (!&,$#$ #es#e &$ p!&e$ 72i&1 De)i#! $& pes! '"e e*er(e &$ $s$(!&,$#$ #es#e &$ p!&e$. est! pr!2!($ '"e e& )!rr$#!r #e $#er$ #es&i(e s!)re e& rie&. en

#!n#e ($#$ sens!r #e !2iient! i#e &$ 2e&!(i#$# #e ($#$ )&!'"e respe(ti2$ente1 E&#esp&$5$ient! #e& )!rr$#!r #e)e ser 3=(1

Resultados

C!n &!s #$t!s !)teni#!s #e& $n%&isis #e& !2iient! en e& ,r%i(! 2e&!(i#$# 2>s tiep!. e&

pr!,r$$ L!,,er Pr! in#i($ 2$&!res p$r$ /pen#iente #e& ,r%i(!0 '"e (!rresp!n#en $ &$$(e&er$(i7n. + p$r$ ) /(!rte (!n e*e y #e& ,r%i(!0 '"e (!rresp!n#e $ &$ 2e&!(i#$# ini(i$&1Se repite e& pr!(e#iient! 3 2e(es res"&t$n#! &$ si,"iente t$)&$8

C!! &$ p!&e$ 72i& es #e $s$ no #espre(i$)&e. se pr!(e#e $ $s$r + se !)tiene8

mp = 0,01682 Kg

P!r &! t$nt! &!s #$t!s !)teni#!s + (!n &!s '"e se tr$)$*$r% s!n8

9 /?,0 : /?,0 $9 [m / s2 ] $: [m / s2 ] @!9 />s0 @!: />s0

=.99 =.9 9.=3 <=.9: =.3 <=.3

=.99 =.9 9. <=.9 =.3:3 <=.:9

=.99 =.9 9. <=. =.39 <=.39

PROMEDIO 9. <=. =.3 <=.3=



m1 =.99 H?,

a1 9.H>s:

m2 =.9H?,

a2 < =.H>s:mp =.=9:H?,

Gr%i(! @e&!(i#$# 2s Tiep!

Se p"e#e re&$(i!n$r &!s #$t!s !)teni#!s #es#e e& pr!,r$$ L!,,er Pr!. en &$s si,"ientesre&$(i!nes "n(i!n$&es8

P$r$ e& ("erp! #e $s$ 98 @/t0 9.Kt =.3

P$r$ e& ("erp! #e $s$ :8 @/t0 <=.Kt =.3=

Deinien#! ($#$ $s$ #e& siste$ #e est$ $ner$8



Se !)tienen &!s si,"ientes #i$,r$$s #e ("erp! &i)re8

E& siste$ (!n t!#$s &$s "er5$s se (!p!rt$ #e &$ si,"iente !r$8

1 !eterminar cada una de las "uer#as $ue act%an sobre ambos blo$ues&



Se "ti&i5$r% e& prier + se,"n#! prin(ipi! #e Net!n p$r$ !)tener &$s "er5$s8

9er prin(ipi! #e Net!n8 O F =∑ ("$n#! &$s "er5$s n! pr!#"(en !2iient!. ! e&

("erp! se "e2e (!n 2e&!(i#$# (!nst$nte1

:#! prin(ipi! #e Net!n8∑

= am F * ("$n#! &$ $s$ #e& ("erp! n! ($)i$. + e& ("erp!

se "e2e $(e&er$#!

A#e%s se (!nsi#er$r% , . >s: p$r$ &!s (%&("&!s1

F"er5$s en e& ("erp! #e $s$ 98

$1 1*1

mam fr T Fx∑ =−=

)1 ∑ =−= 0)*1( g m N Fy

Des#e ) se p"e#e #espe*$r e& 2$&!r #e N

N = m1*g = =.99 K .

N= 9.99: HN

F"er5$s en e& ("erp! #e $s$ :8

(1 ∑ = 0 Fx

#1 ∑ +=+−= 2*)2(*)2(2 ampm g mpmT Fy

Des#e # se p"e#e !)tener e& 2$&!r #e T

2

)8,97564,0(*)01682,0177,0(

2

)(*)2(

2

*)2(*)2( 22

+−+=

++=

+++=

T

g ampm g mpmampmT

][8764,0 N T =

C!n e& 2$&!r #e T p!#e!s !)tener fr #e &$ prier$ e("$(i7n /$0



)489,1*114,0(8764,0

)*1(

*1

1

1

−=

−=

=−

fr

amT fr

am fr T

][70665,0 N fr =

L$s ;&ti$s "er5$s $ #einir1

8,9*114,0*1 = g m 8,9*177,0*2 = g m 8,9*01682,0* = g mp

][1172,1*1 N g m = ][7346,1*2 N g m = ][164836,0* N g mp =

2 'alcular el trabajo () $ue reali#a cada una de las "uer#as $ue act%a sobre ambos

blo$ues cuando el blo$ue + recorra ,- cm (-, m

Qs$n#! &$ 7r"&$ #e Tr$)$*!)(. = . * /x * cos (α )

C"erp! 9

N!t$n#! '"e e& ("erp! se #esp&$5$ #e i5'"ier#$ $ #ere(6$ /(!n &!s es'"e$s (!!reeren(i$01

/N0 9.99: K =.3 K (!s /=0 = HJ

/9,0 9.99: K =.3 K (!s /:=0 = HJ

/T0 =. K =.3 K (!s /=0 =.::: HJ

/r0 =.=K =.3K (!s /9=0 <=.:9:== HJ

C"erp! :

Se n!t$ '"e e& ("erp! se #esp&$5$ #e $rri)$ 6$(i$ $)$*! /(!n &!s es'"e$s (!!reeren(i$0 + $#e%s (!nsi#er$n#! '"e (!n "n$ p!&e$ 72i& e& #esp&$5$ient! se re#"(e$ &$ it$#1

/:K,0 9.3 K =.9 K (!s /=0 =.:=9 HJ

/pK,0 =.93 K =.9 K (!s /=0 =.=:3 HJ

/T0 =. K =.9 K (!s /9=0 < =.939 HJ

Per! (!! 6$+ #!s tensi!nes e*er(ien#! "n$ "er5$ + p!r en#e t$)i4n tr$)$*!. se(!nsi#er$8



/T t!t$&0 : K /<=.9390 <=.:::

, !eterminar la energ0a cintica de ambos blo$ues a los 2 segundos de ponerse en

movimiento el sistema

Se $p&i($r% &$ e("$(i7n #e ener,-$ (in4ti($8

Per! se ne(esit$ e& 2$&!r #e s" 2e&!(i#$# $#e%s #e &$ $s$. p!r &! t$nt! p$r$ !)tener &$2e&!(i#$# #e& ("erp! en e& inst$nte t : Hs &! 6$(e!s $ tr$24s #e &$s re&$(i!nes"n(i!n$&es #e ($#$ ("erp!1

C"erp! 9: V1(t) = 1,489*t + 0,6934 Reep&$5$n#! t p!r :

@9/:se,0 9.K: =.3

@9/:se,0 3.9 H>s:

Se !)tiene &$ ener,-$ (in4ti($ p$r$ e& ("erp! 9 "ti&i5$n#! e& #$t! #e &$ 2e&!(i#$# #e&("erp! $& se,"n#! : H@9/:se,0

2

2

)6714,3(*114,0*2

1

))2(1(*12

1

=

=

Ek

seg vm Ek

][76831,01 J Ek =

C"erp! :8 @:/t0 <=.Kt =.3= Reep&$5$n#! t p!r :

@:/:se,0 <=.K: =.3=

@:/:se,0 <9. H>s:

O)tenien#! &$ ener,-$ (in4ti($ p$r$ e& ("erp! : "ti&i5$n#! e& #$t! #e &$ 2e&!(i#$# #e&("erp! $& se,"n#! : H@:/:se,0

2

2

)8968,1(*177,0*

2

1

))2(2(*22

1

−=

=

Ek

seg vm Ek

][31841,0 J Ek =

!etermine la variación de la energ0a potencial del blo$ue $ue cuelga cuando m1

avan#a - cm&

Prier! se ($&("&$r% &$ ener,-$ p!ten(i$& $ &$ $&t"r$ ini(i$&. + &"e,! $ &$ in$&. p$r$in$&ente ($&("&$r &$ #ieren(i$ entre est$s #!s1



U = m*g*h

Se t!$r% e& siste$ #e reeren(i$ #e &$ si,"iente $ner$8

Ent!n(es. &$ ener,-$ p!ten(i$& ini(i$& #e& ("erp! : $ &!s ( #es#e e& s"e&! /=. 0 es8

U = m*g*h

Qi : K , K 6

Qi =.9 K . K =.

Qi =.3 HJ

L"e,!. &$ ener,-$ p!ten(i$& in$& #e& ("erp! #esp"4s #e #esp&$5$rse := ( en #ire((i7n6$(i$ &$ tierr$. p!r en#e. est$n#! $ "n$ $&t"r$ #e 3 ( /=.3 0 es8

L"e,! e& ("erp! 9 se #esp&$5$ = ( 6$(i$ &$#ere(6$. + e& ("erp! : se #esp&$5$ := ( 6$(i$$)$*!. est! #e)i#! $ '"e se s$)e '"e e&

#esp&$5$ient! #e& ("erp! : se 2e $&ter$#! p!r&$ p!&e$ 72i&. res"&t$n#! &$ it$# #e&#esp&$5$ient! #e& ("erp! 91

h=54 cm

h= (54- 20) =34

mm

0 cm



Q : K , K 6:

Q =.9 K . K =.3

Q =.HJ

De est$ $ner$ !)tene!s &$ 2$ri$(i7n #e &$ ener,-$ p!ten(i$&

Q Q Qi =. < =.3

Q <=.39

3 Identi"i$ue cuales son las "uer#as conservativas 4 cuales no conservativas en

este sistema&

.uer#as conservativas8 S!n $'"e&&$s en '"e e& tr$)$*! #epen#e #e &!s p"nt!s ini(i$& +in$& + n! #e &$ tr$+e(t!ri$1 E& tr$)$*! re$&i5$#! p!r &$s "er5$s (!nser2$ti2$s es (er! +4st$s (!nser2$n &$ ener,-$ e(%ni($1

C"erp! 98

<N!r$&

<Pes!

C"erp! :8 n! 6$+ "er5$s (!nser2$ti2$s1

.uer#as no conservativas5 s!n $'"e&&$s en &$s '"e e& tr$)$*! re$&i5$#! es #istint! #e(er!1

C"erp! 98

<Tensi7n

<F"er5$ #e r!(e

C"erp! :8

<Pes! p!&e$



<Pes! $s$ /:0

<Tensi7n

'onclusiones

Re$&i5$#$ +$ &$ experien(i$ se p"e#e (!n(&"ir '"e e& tr$)$*! re$&i5$#! p!r #istint$s"er5$s est% estri(t$ente (!n#i(i!n$#! p!r e& %n,"&! '"e 4st$ !r$ respe(t! $&

#esp&$5$ient!. en (!nse("en(i$ n! t!#$s &$s "er5$s &!,r$r%n re$&i5$r "n tr$)$*!1P!r &!t$nt! p$r$ '"e exist$n "n tr$)$*!. &$ "er5$ '"e $(t;$ s!)re "n ("erp! n! #e)e ser

perpen#i("&$r $ &$ #ire((i7n #e !2iient! #e& ("erp!1

Re"erencias

< G"-$ &$)!r$t!ri! N°3 < Tr$)$*! + ener,-$

Li)r! -si($ "s$(6

P%,in$ e) 8 6ttp8>>isi($1"n$21es>#$5$>isi($9>e(16t&

Informe 3 Laboratorio de Fisica II

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