Investigacion Uni 5 Ventiladores

7/23/2019 Investigacion Uni 5 Ventiladores

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Ciudad Serdn Puebla, Noviembre del

BONIFACIO ZUIGA JOSE (12CS0180)

INGENIERIA MECANICA

MAQUINAS DE FLUIDOS INCOMPRESIBLES

INVESTIGACION UNIDAD 5 VENTILADORES

5.1. Cara!"r#$!%a$ &"'"ra"$ *+'%,'a-%"'!,. 5.2. C+, /" a#/a /" r"$%'

"' "'!%a/,r"$. 5.3. 4"'!%a/,r"$ "'!r#*+&,$. 5.. 4"'!%a/,r"$ a6%a"$.

5.5. S""%' r,7"-a$ /" a%a%'.

ING.JOSE RUBEN PEREZ GONZALEZ

5.1. CARACTERSTICAS GENERALES Y FUNCIONAMIENTO

Para -,"r " a%r" a !ra$ /" +'a "6!ra%' ,a%9a/a , +' $%$!"-a /"

"'!%a%' &"'"ra /" +' ,a "$ '""$ar%, a,r!ar "'"ra ara "'"r a$


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r/%/a$ /" ar&a /" $%$!"-a. E' a &ra' -a,r#a /" ,$ a$,$ " a,r!" /"

"'"ra r,%"'" /" -:+%'a$ /"',-%'a/a$ "'!%a/,r"$ a+':+"; "' a&+',$

a$,$; a "'!%a%' $" +"/" r"a%9ar ,r ,'"%' 'a!+ra $%' " +$, /" ,$

"'!%a/,r"$.

L,$ "'!%a/,r"$ $,' a$ -:+%'a$ -$ +$a/a$ ara r,/+%r " -,%-%"'!, /"

a%r" "' a %'/+$!r%a. S+ *+'%,'a-%"'!, $" 7a$a "' a "'!r"&a /" "'"ra -"'%a

a a%r" a !ra$ /" +' r,!,r :+" &%ra a a!a ",%/a/ :+" %'r"-"'!a a "'"ra

%'!%a /" *+%/,; :+" +"&, $" !ra'$*,r-a ar%a-"'!" "' r"$%' "$!!%a. S"

/%%/"' "' /,$ &ra'/"$ &r+,$< ,$ "'!%a/,r"$ a6%a"$ ,$ "'!%a/,r"$

"'!r#*+&,$.

Ventilad!e" a#iale"

S" +$a' ara -,"r &ra'/"$ a'!%/a/"$ /" a%r" "' "$a%,$ a7%"r!,$= ,-, a

r"$%$!"'%a a *+>, "$ -+ 7a>a; $" r":+%"r" &"'"rar +'a r"$%' "$!!%a ":+"?a;

/" ,r/"' /" ,$ 5 a 25 -%#-"!r,$ /" ,+-'a /" a&+a (--/a). D"7%/, a "$!,; a

r%'%a a%a%' /" ,$ "'!%a/,r"$ a6%a"$ $" "'+"'!ra "' " a-, /" a

"'!%a%' &"'"ra $" ,$ ,'," ,' " ',-7r" /" "6!ra!,r"$ , %'"!,r"$ /"

a%r". S%' "-7ar&,; "$!" !%, /" "'!%a/,r"$; +a'/, $" ,$ ,'$!r+" ,' a7"$

"' *,r-a /" "r*% /" aa /" a$, ar%a7"; "&a' a &"'"rar a!+ra$ /" r"$%'"$!!%a$ /" ,r/"' /" ,$ 300 -%#-"!r,$ /" ,+-'a /" a&+a (--/a) $" ,$

+$a "' a%a%,'"$ /%"r$a$.

Ventilad!e" $ent!%&'("

E' "$!,$ "'!%a/,r"$ " a%r" %'&r"$a "' /%r"%' ara"a a ">" /" r,!,r; ,r a

7,a /" a$%ra%'; a /"$ar&a $" r"a%9a !a'&"'%a-"'!" a r,!,r; "$ /"%r :+"

" a%r" a-7%a /" /%r"%' ',"'!a &ra/,$ (@0 )

E$!" !%, /" "'!%a/,r"$ /"$arr,a r"$%,'"$ -+, -a,r"$ :+" ,$ "'!%a/,r"$

a6%a"$; aa'9a'/, r"$%,'"$ /" a$!a 1500 -%#-"!r,$ /" ,+-'a /" a&+a

(--/a) $,' ,$ "-"a/,$; -a,r-"'!"; "' ,$ $%$!"-a$ /" "'!%a%'

,a%9a/a. E r%'%%, /" *+'%,'a-%"'!, /" ,$ "'!%a/,r"$ "'!r#*+&,$ "$ "

-%$-, /" a$ 7,-7a$ "'!r#*+&a$. E$!' ,'$!%!+%/,$ ,r +' r,!,r :+" ,$"" +'a


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$"r%" /" a"!a$ , a7"$; /" /%"r$a$ *,r-a$ +ra!+ra$; :+" &%ra'

ar,6%-a/a-"'!" "'!r" 200 5000 r- /"'!r, /" +'a a>a , "',!+ra .

C'!)a $a!a$te!%"ti$a del "i"te*a de $nd'$t"

C,-, r"$+!a/, *%'a /" +, /" +' $%$!"-a /" ,'/+!,$; $" ,7!%"'" " a+/a

!,!a /" a$%ra%' (Q) :+" %r+a ,r " -%$-, a r"$%' r":+"r%/a ,r "

$%$!"-a. La r"$%' $" +"/" %'/%ar ,-, a r"$%' !,!a /" "'!%a/,r;

"6r"$a/a "' a!+ra /" ,+-'a /" a&+a ( 4) , ,-, a r"$%' "$!!%a /"

"'!%a/,r; !a-7%' "6r"$a/a "' a!+ra /" ,+-'a /" a&+a ( E 4) a$

"6r"$%,'"$ /" +, $,'

C+, /" a ,!"'%a /" "'!%a/,r)< 4 ( E $ D $) ( E " D ")

(--/a) (.1); E 4 4 D $ E $ E " D " (--/a)

C'!)a $a!a$te!%"ti$a del )entilad!

E' a &r*%a a'!"r%,r !a-7%' +"/"' r"r"$"'!ar$" a$ +ra$ ara!"r#$!%a$ /"

!,/,$ ,$ "'!%a/,r"$ :+" "r!"'""' a +'a -%$-a S"r%". Para +' "'!%a/,r /"

!a-a?, /a/, (D); a r"$%' () /"$arr,a/a ,r " "'!%a/,r; "6r"$a/a ,-,

r"$%' !,!a , ,-, r"$%' "$!!%a; $" r"r"$"'!a "' *+'%' /" a+/a (Q).P"r, "' "$!" a$, $" %'/%a' /%$!%'!a$ +ra$ H Q; a/a +'a ,rr"$,'/%"'!"; a

$+ "9; a +' '-"r, /" r",+%,'"$ ,r -%'+!, (r-) /" r,!,r. D" a$ /%$!%'!a$

+ra$ ,$%7"$; +'a $,a %'!"r"!a a a +ra ara!"r#$!%a /" $%$!"-a "' "

+'!, /" *+'%,'a-%"'!, AK. P,r , !a'!,; " "'!%a/,r /" !a-a?, DK $,, +"/"

*+'%,'ar a +' '-"r, /" r",+%,'"$ ,r -%'+!, (r-) !a :+" a +ra a$" ,r

" +'!, /" *+'%,'a-%"'!, AK r":+"r%/, ,r " $%$!"-a.


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Para ,!r,$ !a-a?,$ /" ,$ "'!%a/,r"$; a$ +ra$ a$ar' ,r " -%$-, +'!, AK

; +a'/, ,$ r,!,r"$ &%r"' a /%$!%'!,$ '-"r,$ /" r",+%,'"$ ,r -%'+!, (r-). A

r"$"!, $" ,-"'!a :+" a$ /%$!%'!a$ ",%/a/"$ /" &%r, $" ,&ra' !ra'$-%!%"'/,

" -,%-%"'!, /" -,!,r "!r%, a ">" /" "'!%a/,r ,r -"/%, /" ,rr"a$-,'!a/a$ $,7r" ,"a$ :+" "$! ,,a/a$ "' " ">" /" -,!,r "!r%, "' " ">"

/" "'!%a/,r= $"&' $"a a r"a%' "'!r" ,$ /%-"!r,$ /" "$!a$ ,"a$ $"

,7!"'/r' /%$!%'!a$ ",%/a/"$ /" &%r, /" ">" /" "'!%a/,r. a-7%' $" +"/"

r"a%9ar +' a," /%r"!, "'!r" " -,!,r "!r%, " "'!%a/,r; "r, "' "$!" a$,

a ",%/a/ /""'/" /" '-"r, /" ,,$ /" r%-"r, ', $" ,7!%"'" a -%$-a

&a-a a-%a /" ",%/a/"$.

U'a "9 ,7!"'%/a$ a$ ara!"r#$!%a$ 7$%a$ /" "'!%a/,r; $" /"7" a+ar "

r"'/%-%"'!, ,' " :+" !ra7a>a. E r"'/%-%"'!, () $" /"*%'"; $"&' , %$!, "' "

Ca#!+, 3; ,-, " ,%"'!" "'!r" a ,!"'%a :+" "'!r"&a " "'!%a/,r a a%r" (P,!

a) /%%/%/a ,r a ,!"'%a :+" " "'!%a/,r r"%7" "' $+ ">" (P,! 4); a-7a$

"6r"$a/a$ "' a$ -%$-a$ +'%/a/"$a ra9'; /"7%/, a a *r%%' /" /+!, "$ r"+"ra/a.

La r"$%' /" ",%/a/ "' a $a%/a "$ +'a r/%/a; ,-, a $" -"'%,'.E$!, r"/+" a r"$%' "$!!%a r"-a'"'!" "' a $a%/a /" $%$!"-a a r"$%'

"$!!%a /" a-7%"'!" %&+a a "r,.

C,-, a r"$%' "$!!%a ar#a a , ar&, /" $%$!"-a $% " "'!%a/,r "$! $aa'/,

/" $%$!"-a "'$ /" "$!ar $,a'/, "' .

La r"$%' "$!!%a a-7%"'!" "ra /" a "'!ra/a "$ '+"a-"'!" "r,. A -"/%/a :+" a ",%/a/ /" a%r" $" a+-"'!a /" "r, a %"r!, a,r "' "

/+!,; a r"$%' "$!!%a /"r"" a +' a,r '"&a!%, %&+aa a r"$%' /"

",%/a/ "' " /+!, -$ a r/%/a ,r !+r7+"'%a. E /"r"%-%"'!, $"r#a

-"',r $% " /+!, "$!+%"ra ":+%a/, ,' +'a "'!ra/a (4"'!+r%). La *r%%' "' " /+!, r"/+" a r"$%' "$!!%a a +' 7a>, '%"; a +' a,r

-$ '"&a!%,. La r"$%$!"'%a /" %"r!,$ a/%!a-"'!,$ r"/+" a r"$%' "$!!%a a +' '%"

/" -a,r %'%'a%' a +' a,r a' -$ '"&a!%,.

4ar%a%' "' a r"$%' "$!!%a a , ar&, /" $%$!"-a /" "'!%a%' ,' +'"'!%a/,r :+" "6!ra" /" $%$!"-a. ,/a$ a$ r"$%,'"$ "$!!%a$ $,' '"&a!%a$;

"6"!, a r/%/a /" r"$%' /" ",%/a/ a *%'a /" $%$!"-a.


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La ra9' "'!a; /"7%/, a a *r%%' /" /+!,; "$ r"!,-a/a r"/+" a

r"$%' "$!!%a a +' a,r !,/a#a -$ '"&a!%,.

E "'!%a/,r "a'!a a r"$%' "$!!%a /"$/" $+ a,r -$ '"&a!%, a$!a

+' a,r %&"ra-"'!" ,$%!%,.

La r"$%' /" ",%/a/ "' a $a%/a /" $%$!"-a "$ +'a r/%/a :+" r"/+"

a r"$%' "$!!%a "' a $a%/a a "r, r"$%,'"$ "$!!%a$ a-7%"'!a"$. N,$

-+"$!ra ,-, a r"$%' "$!!%a ar%ar a , ar&, /" $%$!"-a $% "

"'!%a/,r "$! ,a%9a/, "' a&' +&ar /" -"/%,. La$ r"$%,'"$ "$!!%a$

$,' '"&a!%a$ "' a $+%' ,$%!%a$ "' a $"%' /" $,a/,.

La r"$%$!"'%a /" %"r!,$ a/%!a-"'!,$ r"/+" a r"$%' "$!!%a "' +'a

ra9' -$ %'%'a/a.

La 7a>a ra9'; /"7%/, a a *r%%' /" /+!,; "$ r"a$+-%/a.

La r"$%' /" ",%/a/ "' a $a%/a "$ +'a r/%/a :+" r"/+" a r"$%'

"$!!%a r"-a'"'!" "' a $a%/a /" $%$!"-a a "r, r"$%,'"$ "$!!%a$

a-7%"'!a"$ '+"a-"'!".

a$!a " -,-"'!, "-,$ a$+-%/, " /%-"!r, /" /+!, ,'$!a'!". C,'$%/"r"-,$

a,ra a ar%a%' /" r"$%' /"7%/, a +'a !ra'$%%' '%a ,'"r&"'!"; ,-, $"

ar"%a "' a *%&+ra .10; ,' " "'!%a/,r $,a'/, /"'!r, /" $%$!"-a.

La r"$%' "$!!%a a-7%"'!" "ra /" a "'!ra/a "$ "r,0. E "'!%a/,r ""a a r"$%' "$!!%a a +' -6%-, a,r ,$%!%,. La *r%%' "' " /+!, r"/+" a r"$%' "$!!%a a +' 7a>, '%". La !ra'$%%' '%a ,'"r&"'!" r"/+" a r"$%' "$!!%a a +' '%"

"6"$%,; ', $,a-"'!" /"7%/, a a *r%%' "' a$ ar"/"$ /" !ra'$%%' a

:+" r%'%a-"'!" " %'r"-"'!, "' a r"$%' /" a ",%/a/ ("'"ra

%'!%a) /"7" $"r ,7!"'%/a a "6"'$a$ /" a r"$%' "$!!%a ("'"ra

,!"'%a). A a&' 7a>, '%" /" r"/+%' /" a r"$%' "$!!%a; /"7%/, a a *r%%'

/" /+!,; "$ r"a'+/a/a; "r, ', !a' 7a>, ,-, "' " #!"- 3; /"7%/, a :+"

+' /%-"!r, /" /+!, -$ ":+"?, r"$+!a "' +'a r/%/a /" *r%%'. La r"$%' /" ",%/a/ !%"'" +'a r/%/a ,'$%/"ra7" "' "$!" a$,;

/"7%/, a a r"/+%' /" /%-"!r, /" /+!,. E$!a r/%/a r"/+" a r"$%'

"$!!%a "' a $a%/a ,%"'/, a r"$%' "$!!%a a-7%"'!" a "r,.


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4ENILADORES CENRIFUGOS INDUSRIALES< a -a,r#a /" ,$ *a7r%a'!"$

,*r""' "$!a$ +'%/a/"$ ,' "$!a$ +a!r, ,%,'"$ /" !%,$ /" r+"/aar, $,7ra/,; ,' ,+-"'

/" a%r" -a,r /" '""$ar%,. A:+# "&a-,$ a a r!%a /" 7aa'",. Para "$!,;

$" /"7" ,-7%'ar r%'%a-"'!" a a#/a /" r"$%' a ,!"'%a /" "'!%a/,r.

S% a a#/a /" r"$%' a a $"r ,'$!a'!" "' +' /+!,; ,' "$, $" ,7!%"'" " /a!,

/" a a#/a /" r"$%'. A ar!%r /" $!a $" "%&" " !%, /" "'!%a/,r. U'a +"$!%'

:+" ', /"7" :+"/ar *+"ra "$ a a$!%a= "$ /"%r; :+" /"7"-,$ "$!ar ,'$%"'!"$

/" :+" ', "$ , -%$-, /%$"?ar /+!,$ ara +'a *7r%a; "' /,'/" " r+%/, ',

%-,r!a; :+" ara +'a ,*%%'a; /,'/" $# %-,r!a; "r, ', -+,; , ara +' "$!+/%,

/" &ra7a%'; /,'/" a ,'/%%' /" $%"'%, a7$,+!, "$ "$"'%a.

U'a !%-a ,'$%/"ra%' "$ a'a%9ar a$ ara!"r#$!%a$ /" ,$ /%*+$,r"$= $,7r"

!,/,; :+" " !%r, $"a " ,rr"!,. M" a !,a/, "r -+a$ ""$ +' /%*+$,r /"

+a!r, #a$ ,' +'a /" "a$ a+'!a'/, a%a a ar"/. O7%a-"'!"; a# ', $" a a

%'$!aar +', /" +a!r, #a$; $%', +', /" !r"$. E$!a$ ,$a$; :+" ar""' !a'

$"'%a$; $,' a$ :+" $%"-r" *aa'.

VENTILADOR: Ma7'ina !tati)a 7'e t!an"*ite ene!(%a al &l'id 7'e

$i!$'la 3! ella8 9a: la &!*a de a'*ent de 3!e"i;n


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CAUDAL: F+>, ,+-!r%, /"!"r-%'a/, ara a /"'$%/a/ /" a%r".

PRESION

ESTATICA:

Pr"$%' /" a%r" /"7%/a $,, a $+ &ra/, /" ,-r"$%'. P+"/"

$"r ,$%!%a , '"&a!%a. E' " "'!%a/,r "$ a /%*"r"'%a "'!r"

a r"$%' "$!!%a /" $a%/a a r"$%' !,!a a a "'!ra/a.

PRESION

DINAMICA:

Pr"$%' /" a%r" /"7%/a $,, a $+ -,%-%"'!,. La r"$%'

/%'-%a +"/" $"r $,, ,$%!%a. E' " "'!%a/,r $"r a

,rr"$,'/%"'!" a r,-"/%, /" a$ ",%/a/"$ a a $a%/a /"

"'!%a/,r.

PRESION TOTAL: Pr"$%' /" a%r" /"7%/a a $+ ,-r"$%' -,%-%"'!,. E$ a$+-a a&"7ra%a /" a$ r"$%,'"$ /%'-%a "$!!%a "' +'

+'!, /"!"r-%'a/,. P,r , !a'!,; $% " a%r" "$! "' r",$,; a

r"$%' !,!a "$ %&+a a a r"$%' "$!!%a. E' " "'!%a/,r

$"r a /%*"r"'%a "'!r" a$ r"$%,'"$ !,!a"$ /"!"r-%'a/a$ a a

$a%/a a a "'!ra/a /" -%$-,.

Leyes del ventilador

En un sistema dado, un ventilador, si se mantiene constante la

densidad del aire, cumple con:

- Q1 / Q2 = n1 / n2. - pe1 / pe2 = (n1 / n2)2. - p1 / p2 = (n1 / n2)!.


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- Q = Caudal

- pe = Pre"i#n e"$$i%a

- p= Po$en%ia ab"orbida

- n= &elo%idad de 'iro (rpm)

5.-. VENTILADORES CENTRFUGOS.

4ENILADORES CENRIFUGOS, /" a%r" a-7%a $+ /%r"%'; "' +' '&+, /"

@0; "'!r" a "'!ra/a $a%/a. S" $+""' $+7a$%*%ar; $"&' a *,r-a /" a$ aa$

, a7"$ /" r,!,r; /" a $%&+%"'!" -a'"ra, /" a%r" $%&+" a /%r"%' /" ">" /" -%$-,. S"

$+""' a-ar "%,%/a"$; +"$ " *+>, a a $a%/a !%"'" +'a !ra"!,r%a ,' "$a

*,r-a. E' #'"a$ &"'"ra"$ $,' a!,$ ara -,"r &ra'/"$ a+/a"$ a 7a>a$

r"$%,'"$. C,' ",%/a/"$ "r%*r%a$ -"/%a'a-"'!" a!a$ $,' "' &"'"ra

r+%/,$,$. S+""' $+7a$%*%ar$"; ,r a *,r-a /" $+ "',"'!"; /" a $%&+%"'!"

-a'"raELICOIDAL

4"'!%a/,r"$ a!,$ara -,"r &ra'/"$a+/a"$ /" a%r" ,'7a>a$ r"$%,'"$. S,'/" 7a>, r"'/%-%"'!,.

La !ra'$*"r"'%a /""'"ra $" r,/+"-a,r%!ar%a-"'!" "'*,r-a /" r"$%'/%'-%a.

S" a%a "' %r+a%' "6!ra%' /" a%r" "' 'a"$%'/+$!r%a"$. S" %'$!aa' "' ar"/$%' '%'&' ,'/+!,. U!%%9a/,$,' ,7>"!%, /" r"',a%' /"

a%r".

TU?E A=IAL

%"'"' r"'/%-%"'!,a&, $+"r%,r aa'!"r%,r "$ aa9 /"/"$arr,ar +'a r"$%'"$!!%a -a,r. P,r $+,'$!r+%' "$ a!,

ara %'!"raar "','/+!,$.

S" +!%%9a "' %'$!aa%,'"$ /""'!%a%'; a"*a%' a%r"a,'/%%,'a/, :+" r":+%"ra'a!,$ a+/a"$ ,' r"$%' -"/%aa 7a>a. a-7%' $" +!%%9a "'a&+',$ $%$!"-a$ %'/+$!r%a"$

,-, a7%'a$ /" %'!+ra "6!ra%,'"$ ,a%9a/a$ /"+-,$.

VANE A=IAL

C,' /%$"?,$ /" aa$AIRFOIL; "r-%!"',7!"'"r r"$%,'"$-"/%a$ a!a$ ,'7+"',$ r"'/%-%"'!,$.La$ aa$ +"/"' $"r*%>a$ , /" '&+,

a>+$!a7"

%"'" a%a%,'"$ $%-%ar"$ a ,$UBEAIAL; "r, ,' a "'!a>a/" !"'"r +' *+>, -$ +'%*,r-" a ,$%7%%/a/ /" ,7!"'"rr"$%,'"$ -a,r"$. Para +'a/"!"r-%'a/a r"$!a%' "$r"a!%a-"'!" -$ ":+"?, :+"

" "'!%a/,r "'!r%*+&,":+%ara7".


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CENTRIFOIL

S" !ra!a /" +'"'!%a/,r ,' r,!,r"'!r%*+&, "r, /" *+>,a6%a. E$ /"%r r"'"a$ "'!a>a$ /"

"'!%a/,r "'!r%*+&, a *a%%/a/ /" -,'!a>"/" +' a6%a ,' ",'$%&+%"'!" a,rr, /""$a%,.

La$ -%$-a$ a%a%,'"$ :+" ""'!%a/,r 4ANEAIAL.

Investigacion Uni 5 Ventiladores

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