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La Nevada Solar One ya está funcionando: una de las plantas solares más

grandes del mundo

• Posted by Martín

• June 1 ! ""#

Como habíamos anticipado , una de las plantas de energía solar térmica más grandes del

mundo ya está funcionando. La Nevada Solar One tardó 16 años en ser construida y ya

está aportando 6 !ega"atts de electricidad a la red eléctrica del estado de #e$ada, en

%stados &nidos. 'ue construida por la empresa (cciona )olar *o"er .

La planta cubre una superficie de 16++ metros cuadrados, y generan 1 millones de

-ilo"atts hora por año, lo suficiente para alimentar 1 mil hogares.

La Nevada Solar One usa abrevaderos parabólicos como concentradores de calor solar, o

sea /ue traba0a con energía solar térmica . %sos abre$aderos concentran el calor sobre unos

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tubos con lí/uido especialmente recubiertos con una malla de $idrio y acero. ay unos

12. ++ de esos tubos de cuatro metros de largo en la #e$ada )olar 3ne.

Las #e$ada )olar 3ne es la tercera más grande del mundo de su tipo. La más grande es la

)olar %nergy 4enerating )ystems /ue genera + mega"atts de electricidad, seguida por

una planta en 5srael /ue genera 1++ mega"atts.

No te pierdas las ultimas promociones solo para lectores de $renovable! como la del recicla%e de

lubricante ecologico

Categorías: Energía solar Varios energía térmica

Tags: acciona , Energía , Energía solar , energía solar térmica , hogares , sol , solar térmica , solares, USA

Parabolic trough

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Array of parabolic troughs at the National Solar nergy !enter "

A diagram of a parabolic trough solar farm (top), and an end vie# of ho# aparabolic collector focuses sunlight onto its focal point"

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( parabolic trough is a type of solar thermal energy collector. 5t is constructed as a long parabolic mirror usually coated sil$er or polished aluminum7 "ith a 8e"ar tube runningits length at the focal point . )unlight is reflected by the mirror and concentrated on the8e"ar tube. 9he trough is usually aligned on a north:south a;is, and rotated to trac- the sunas it mo$es across the s-y each day.

(lternati$ely the trough can be aligned on an east:"est a;is, this reduces the o$erallefficiency of the collector, due to cosine loss, but only re/uires the trough to be aligned"ith the change in seasons , a$oiding the need for trac-ing motors. 9his trac-ing method"or-s correctly at the spring and fall e/uino;es "ith errors in the focusing of the light atother times during the year the magnitude of this error $aries throughout the day, ta-ing aminimum $alue at solar noon7. 9here is also an error introduced due to the daily motion ofthe sun across the s-y, this error also reaches a minimum at solar noon. 8ue to thesesources of error, seasonally ad0usted parabolic troughs are generally designed "ith a lo"ersolar concentration ratio . 5n order to increase the le$el of alignment, some measuringde$ices ha$e also been in$ented. <1=

eat transfer fluid usually oil7 runs through the tube to absorb the concentrated sunlight.9his increases the temperature of the fluid to some ++>C. <?= 9he heat transfer fluid is thenused to heat steam in a standard turbine generator. 9he process is economical and, forheating the pipe, thermal efficiency ranges from 6+:@+A. 9he o$erall efficiency fromcollector to grid, i.e. %lectrical 3utput *o"er7B 9otal 5mpinging )olar *o"er7 is about1 A, similar to * *hoto$oltaic Cells7 but less than )tirling dish concentrators .< =

Current commercial plants utiliDing parabolic troughs are hybridsE fossil fuels are usedduring night hours, but the amount of fossil fuel used is limited to a ma;imum ?FA ofelectricity production, allo"ing the plant to /ualify as a rene"able energy source. Gecausethey are hybrids and include cooling stations, condensers , accumulators and other things

besides the actual solar collectors, the po"er generated per s/uare meter of space rangesenormously.

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Contents$hide %

• & Types of mirrors•

' nergy storage• isting plants

• * +opular !ulture

• Notes andReferences

• - .ibliography

• / ternal lin0s

[ edit ] Types of mirrors

&sually, mirrors are used "hich are parabolic and are of a single piece. 5n addition, :type parabolic troughs e;ist "hich are made from ? mirrors and placed at an angle to"ards eachother. < =

[ edit ] Energy storage

(s this rene"able source of energy is inconsistant by nature, methods for energy storageha$e been studied, for instance the single:tan- thermocline7 storage technology for large:

scale solar thermal po"er plants. 9he thermocline tan- approach uses a mi;ture of silicasand and /uartDite roc- to displace a significant portion of the $olume in the tan-. 9hen it isfilled "ith the heat transfer fluid, typically a molten nitrate salt.

[ edit ] Existing plants

9he largest operational solar po"er system at present is one of the )%4) plants and islocated at Hramer Iunction in California , &)(, "ith fi$e fields of !J generationcapacity each. < =

9he 6 !J #e$ada )olar 3ne also uses this technology. 5n the ne" )panish plant,(ndasol 1 solar po"er station , the K%urotroughK:collector is used. 9his plant "ent online in

#o$ember ?++@ <6= and has a nominal output of 2.2 !J.

[ edit ] Popular Culture

( parabolic trough solar plant appears in the mo$ie 4attaca .

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[ edit ] Notes and References&" ^ Sandia Alignment device '" ^ Absorber tube temperature

" ^ +atel11 !h"1

*" ^ 23type parabolic troughs

" ^ 45ramer Junction S 6S 777, 72, 2, 27,277" 4" Solel "http:88###"solel"com8products8pgeneration8ls'80ramer9unction8 "

-" ^ 4 The !onstruction of the Andasol +o#er +lants 4" Solar illennium A6 "http:88###"solarmillennium"de8Technologie8Referen;pro9e0te8Andasol8<ie=Andasol=5raft#er0e=entstehen=,lang',&>1,& "html "

[ edit ] Bibliography

8uffie, IohnE Jilliams Gec-man 12217 in %nglish7. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes )econd %dition ed.7. #e" or-M Iohn Jiley N )ons, 5nc.. 5)G# + F1 1+ 6 .httpMBBboo-s.google.comBboo-sOidP&tQ)((((!((I .

*atel., !u-und 12227. Wind and solar power systems . Goca Raton London #e" or-Jashington, 8.C.M CRC *ress. 5)G# +:@ 2 :16+ :F . httpMBBboo-s.google.comBboo-sOidP@aS8"1 fSn-C .

[ edit ] External links• 5ramer Junction Solar +o#er +lants 3 satellite image, 6oogle ap"• +icture +erfect +arabolic Solar !ollector Systems

Retrieved from 4 http:88en"#i0ipedia"org8#i0i8+arabolic=trough 4

Solar Energy Generating Systems

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Aerial vie# sho#ing portions of four of the five S 6S 777?277 plants located at5ramer Junction

$sho# %Map of all coordinates from Google

ap of all coordinates from !ing

Solar "nergy #enerating Systems $S"#S% is the largest solar energy generating facilityin the "orld. 5t consists of nine solar po"er plants in California Ks!o0a$e 8esert , "hereinsolation is among the best a$ailable in the &nited )tates. '*L %nergy operates and

partially o"ns the plants. )%4) 555T 55 1 + !J7 are located at Hramer Iunction , )%4)555T5U 16+ !J7 at arper La-e , and )%4) 5T55 !J7 at 8aggett respecti$ely. <1=

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Contents$hide %

• & +lants@ scale and operations•

' +rinciple of operationo '"& irrors

o '"' eat transfer

• 7ndividual locations

o "& arper Ba0e

o "' 5ramer Junction

o " <aggett

• * Accidents and incidents

• See also

• - References

• / ternal lin0s

[ edit ] Plants scale and operations

!lose3up aerial vie#" Note that several of the mirrors have been bro0en

9he plants ha$e a !J installed capacity, ma-ing it the largest installation of solar

plants of any -ind in the "orld.<1=

Gy comparison, the largest photo$oltaic plant, "hich is in)pain, produces 6+ !J, although a 6? !J * installation !oura photo$oltaic po"erstation 7 is under construction in *ortugal <?= and a 1 !J * )olar po"er station in

ictoria , (ustralia, is planned. < = 9he a$erage gross solar output for all nine plants at )%4)is around F !Je V a capacity factor of ?1A. 5n addition, the turbines can be utiliDed atnight by burning natural gas .

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'*L claims that the solar plants po"er ? ?, ++ homes and displace ,@++ tons of pollution per year that "ould ha$e been produced if the electricity had been pro$ided by fossil fuels,such as oil. < =< =

9he facilities ha$e a total of 2 6, @ mirrors and co$er more than 1,6++ acres 6. -m ?7.

Lined up, the parabolic mirrors "ould e;tend o$er ??2 miles F+ -m7.

[ edit ] Principle of operation

S0etch of a +arabolic Trough !ollector

9he installation uses parabolic trough solar thermal technology along "ith natural gas togenerate electricity . 2+A of the electricity is produced by the sunlight . #atural gas is onlyused "hen the solar po"er is insufficient to meet the demand from )outhern California%dison, the distributor of po"er in southern California.

<edit = !irrors

r" T#ister mirror #ashing machine

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9he parabolic mirrors are shaped li-e a half:pipe. 9he sun shines onto the panels made ofglass, "hich are 2 A reflecti$e, unli-e a typical mirror, "hich is only F+A reflecti$e. 9hemirrors automatically trac- the sun throughout the day. 9he greatest source of mirror

brea-age is "ind, "ith +++ typically replaced each year. 3perators can turn the mirrors to protect them during intense "ind storms. (n automated "ashing mechanism is used to

periodically clean the parabolic reflecti$e panels.

<edit = eat transfer

9he sun bounces off the mirrors and is directed to a central tube filled "ith synthetic oil , "hich heats to o$er ++ >C F + >'7. 9he reflected light focused at the central tube is F1 to@+ times more intense than the ordinary sunlight. 9he synthetic oil transfers its heat to"ater, "hich boils and dri$es the Ran-ine cycle steam turbine, <6= thereby generatingelectricity. )ynthetic oil is used to carry the heat instead of "ater7 to -eep the pressure"ithin manageable parameters.

[ edit ] !ndi"idual locations9he )%4) po"er plants "ere built by LuD 5ndustries ,<6= and commissioned bet"een 12@and 1221. Hramer Iunction employs about 2 people and people "or- at arper La-e.

SEGS plant history and operational data

Plant

Year

built

Location

Net

turbinecapacity

Fieldarea

Oil

temperature

Gross solar

productionof electricity M!h"

M!" m#" $%" &''(a)erage &''*+

,--,

S 6S 7&1C

*<aggett &* C',1-> >/ &1,1>> &-, >>

S 6S 77&1C

<aggett >&- , /

-&- -,>>> ', >>

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S 6S777

&1C-

5ramer Jct"

>' >, >

>*1 -*,&/> -C,

S 6S72 &1C- 5ramer Jct" > ' >, >> *1 -&,1/> -C,'/C

S 6S2

&1C/

5ramer Jct"

>' ,&'

>*1 /&,* 1 /',C/1

S 6S27

&1CC

5ramer Jct"

>&CC,>>

>1& /&,*>1 -/,/ C

S 6S277

&1CC

5ramer Jct"

>&1*,'C

>1& />,& C - ,>*C

S 6S2777

&1C1

arperBa0e

C>*-*, *

>1&

& 1,&/*

& /,11>

S 6S7D

&11>

arperBa0e

C>*C ,1-

>&*&,1&

-&' ,> -

Sources : Solargeni nergy, $/% 5J! Eperating !ompany, $C% 7 ,$1% NR B$&>%

<edit = arper La-e

!lose3up of the 5ramer Junction mirrors"

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)%4) 555 and )%4) 5U, located at >+1W X# 11F>?+W XJ .+ 16># 11F. @>J,are the largest solar po"er plants indi$idually and collecti$ely in the "orld .<11= 9hey "erethe last, the largest, and the most ad$anced of the nine plants at )%4), designed to ta-ead$antage of the economies of scale. )%4) 555 and 5U ha$e operated continuously andha$e been commercially successful since the $ery beginning. <6=

<edit = Hramer Iunction

9his location >++W 1X# 11F> W ?XJ .+1 ?># 11F. 2>J7 recei$es an a$erage of+ days of sunshine per year, "hich ma-es it an ideal place for solar po"er generation.

9he a$erage direct normal radiation 8#R7 is F. -Jh BmYBday 1+ JBmY7,<@= one of the best in the nation.

<edit = 8aggett

)%4) 5 and 55 are located at > 1W FX# 116> 2W FXJ .@6 1># 116.@?F>J.

[ edit ] #ccidents and incidents

5n 'ebruary 1222, a 2++,+++:&):gallon , ++ m 7 therminol heat:transfer fluid7 storagetan- e;ploded at the )%4) 55 8aggett7 solar po"er plant, sending flames and smo-e intothe s-y. (uthorities "ere trying to -eep flames a"ay from t"o ad0acent containers that heldsulfuric acid and caustic soda . 9he immediate area of +. s/uare miles 1. -m ?7 "ase$acuated. <1?=

[ edit ] $ee also• Bist of solar thermal po#er stations• +arabolic trough

• Solar po#er

• Solar po#er plants in the o9ave <esert

• Solar thermal energy

[ edit ] References&" F a b The nergy .log: About +arabolic Trough Solar

'" ^ 4+ERTG6AB: a0ing Gp for Bost Time in Rene#able nergy4 , InterPress Service , '>>- 3&>3>' " Retrieved on '>>C 3>'3'- "

" ^ Australia advances #ith solar po#er The Times , '- Ectober '>>-"

*" ^ 4Solar lectric 6enerating System 4 (+<H)"http:88###"fplenergy"com8portfolio8pdf8solar=factsheet"pdf " Retrieved'>>C3>-3>*"

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" ^ 4H+B nergy 3 Solar 4" http:88###"fplenergy"com8portfolio8solar8 "Retrieved '>>C3>-3>*"

-" F a b c 4Solar thermal po#er generation 4" Solel Solar Systems Btd"http:88###"solel"com8products8pgeneration8ls'8 " Retrieved '>>C3>13&'"

/" ^ !ohen, 6ilbert ('>>-), 4 Nevada Hirst Solar lectric 6enerating System 4(+<H), IEEE May Technical Meeting , Bas 2egas, Nevada: Solargeninergy, p" &>

C" F a b Hrier, Scott (&111), 4 An overvie# of the 5ramer Junction S 6Srecent performance 4 (+<H), Parabolic Trough Workshop , Entario,!alifornia: 5J! Eperating !ompany

1" ^ 5earney, <" (August &1C1)" 4Solar lectric 6enerating Stations(S 6S)4" IEEE Power Engineering Review ( 7 ) ' (C): *?C"doi :&>"&&>18 + R"&1C1"* &>C >"

&>"̂ +rice, an0 ('>>'), 4 +arabolic trough technology overvie# 4 (+<H),Trough Technology - Algeria , NR B, p" 1

&&"̂ Solar Trough +o#er +lants

&'" ^ Storage Tan0 at Solar +o#er +lant in <esert plodesI 7mmediate Area7s vacuated

.an/ine cycle

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9he &ankine cycle is a thermodynamic cycle "hich con$erts heat into "or-. 9he heat issupplied e;ternally to a closed loop, "hich usually uses "ater as the "or-ing fluid. 9hiscycle generates about @+A of all electric po"er used throughout the "orld, <1= including$irtually all solar thermal , biomass , coal and nuclear po"er plants . 5t is named afterJilliam Iohn !ac/uorn Ran-ine , a )cottish polymath .

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Contents$hide %

• & <escription•

' +rocesses of the Ran0ine cycle• 2ariables

• * uations

• Real Ran0ine cycle (non3ideal)

• - 2ariations of the basic Ran0ine cycle

o -"& Ran0ine cycle #ith reheat

o -"' Regenerative Ran0ine cycle

• / Erganic Ran0ine !ycle

• C References

• 1 ternal lin0s

[ edit ] %escription

+hysical layout of the four main devices used in the Ran0ine cycle

( Ran-ine cycle describes a model of the operation of steam heat engines most commonlyfound in po"er generation plants . Common heat sources for po"er plants using theRan-ine cycle are the combustion of coal , natural gas , oil , and nuclear fission .

9he Ran-ine cycle is sometimes referred to as a practical Carnot cycle as, "hen an efficientturbine is used, the 9) diagram "ill begin to resemble the Carnot cycle. 9he maindifference is that a pump is used to pressuriDe li/uid instead of gas. 9his re/uires about

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1B1++th 1A7 as much energy <citation needed = than that compressing a gas in a compressor as inthe Carnot cycle 7.

9he efficiency of a Ran-ine cycle is usually limited by the "or-ing fluid. Jithout the pressure reaching super critical le$els for the "or-ing fluid, the temperature range the cycle

can operate o$er is /uite smallM turbine entry temperatures are typically 6 >C the creep limit of stainless steel7 and condenser temperatures are around +>C. 9his gi$es atheoretical Carnot efficiency of around 6 A compared "ith an actual efficiency of ?A fora modern coal:fired po"er station. 9his lo" turbine entry temperature compared "ith a gas turbine 7 is "hy the Ran-ine cycle is often used as a bottoming cycle in combined cycle gasturbine po"er stations.

9he "or-ing fluid in a Ran-ine cycle follo"s a closed loop and is re:used constantly. 9he"ater $apor and entrained droplets often seen billo"ing from po"er stations is generated

by the cooling systems not from the closed loop Ran-ine po"er cycle7 and represents the"aste heat that could not be con$erted to useful "or-. #ote that cooling to"ers operate

using the latent heat of $aporiDation of the cooling fluid. 9he "hite billo"ing clouds thatform in cooling to"er operation are the result of "ater droplets "hich are entrained in thecooling to"er airflo"E it is not, as commonly thought, steam. Jhile many substances could

be used in the Ran-ine cycle, "ater is usually the fluid of choice due to its fa$orable properties, such as nonto;ic and unreacti$e chemistry, abundance, and lo" cost, as "ell asits thermodynamic properties .

3ne of the principal ad$antages it holds o$er other cycles is that during the compressionstage relati$ely little "or- is re/uired to dri$e the pump, due to the "or-ing fluid being inits li/uid phase at this point. Gy condensing the fluid to li/uid, the "or- re/uired by the

pump "ill only consume appro;imately 1A to A of the turbine po"er and so gi$e a muchhigher efficiency for a real cycle. 9he benefit of this is lost some"hat due to the lo"er heataddition temperature. 4as turbines , for instance, ha$e turbine entry temperaturesapproaching 1 ++>C. #onetheless, the efficiencies of steam cycles and gas turbines arefairly "ell matched.

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[ edit ] Processes of the Rankine cycle

Ts diagram of a typical Ran0ine cycle operating bet#een pressures of >">-barand >bar

9here are four processes in the Ran-ine cycle, each changing the state of the "or-ing fluid.9hese states are identified by number in the diagram to the right.

• Process &0, : The #or0ing fluid is pumped from lo# to high pressure, asthe fluid is a li uid at this stage the pump re uires little input energy"

• Process ,01 : The high pressure li uid enters a boiler #here it is heatedat constant pressure by an e ternal heat source to become a drysaturated vapor"

• Process 102 : The dry saturated vapor e pands through a turbine ,generating po#er" This decreases the temperature and pressure of thevapor, and some condensation may occur"

• Process 20& : The #et vapor then enters a condenser #here it iscondensed at a constant pressure and temperature to become asaturated li uid " The pressure and temperature of the condenser is fi edby the temperature of the cooling coils as the fluid is undergoing aphase3change "

5n an ideal Ran-ine cycle the pump and turbine "ould be isentropic , i.e., the pump andturbine "ould generate no entropy and hence ma;imiDe the net "or- output. *rocesses 1:?and : "ould be represented by $ertical lines on the 9s diagram and more closelyresemble that of the Carnot cycle. 9he Ran-ine cycle sho"n here pre$ents the $apor endingup in the superheat region after the e;pansion in the turbine, <1= "hich reduces the energyremo$ed by the condensers.

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[ edit ] &ariableseat flo# rate to or from the system (energy per unit time)

ass flo# rate (mass per unit time)

echanical po#er consumed by or provided to the system (energyper unit time)

Ktherm Thermodynamic efficiency of the process (net po#er output per heatinput, dimensionless)

K pump ,Kturb7sentropic efficiency of the compression (feed pump) and e pansion(turbine) processes, dimensionless

h &,h ' ,h ,h*

The 4specific enthalpies 4 at indicated points on the T3S diagram

h * s The final 4specific enthalpy 4 of the fluid if the turbine #ere isentropic

p &, p ' The pressures before and after the compression process

[ edit ] E'uations

%ach of the first four e/uations <1= is easily deri$ed from the energy and mass balance for acontrol $olume. 9he fifth e/uation defines the thermodynamic efficiency of the cycle as theratio of net po"er output to heat input. (s the "or- re/uired by the pump is often around1A of the turbine "or- output, e/uation can be simplified.

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[ edit ] Real Rankine cycle (non)ideal*

Ran0ine cycle #ith superheat

5n a real Ran-ine cycle, the compression by the pump and the e;pansion in the turbine arenot isentropic. 5n other "ords, these processes are non:re$ersible and entropy is increasedduring the t"o processes. 9his some"hat increases the po"er re/uired by the pump anddecreases the po"er generated by the turbine.

5n particular the efficiency of the steam turbine "ill be limited by "ater droplet formation.

(s the "ater condenses, "ater droplets hit the turbine blades at high speed causing pittingand erosion, gradually decreasing the life of turbine blades and efficiency of the turbine.9he easiest "ay to o$ercome this problem is by superheating the steam. 3n the 9s diagramabo$e, state is abo$e a t"o phase region of steam and "ater so after e;pansion the steam"ill be $ery "et. Gy superheating, state "ill mo$e to the right of the diagram and hence

produce a dryer steam after e;pansion.

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[ edit ] &ariations of the basic Rankine cycle

Ran0ine cycle #ith reheat

9he o$erall thermodynamic efficiency of almost any cycle7 can be increased by raising the

a$erage heat input temperature of that cycle. 5ncreasing thetemperature of the steam into the superheat region is a simple "ay of doing this. 9here arealso $ariations of the basic Ran-ine cycle "hich are designed to raise the thermal efficiencyof the cycle in this "ayE t"o of these are described belo".

<edit = Ran-ine cycle "ith reheat

5n this $ariation, t"o turbines "or- in series. 9he first accepts $apor from the boiler at high pressure. (fter the $apor has passed through the first turbine, it re:enters the boiler and isreheated before passing through a second, lo"er pressure turbine. (mong other ad$antages,this pre$ents the $apor from condensing during its e;pansion "hich can seriously damagethe turbine blades, and impro$es the efficiency of the cycle.

<edit = Regenerati$e Ran-ine cycle

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Regenerative Ran0ine cycle

9he regenerati$e Ran-ine cycle is so named because after emerging from the condenserpossibly as a subcooled li/uid 7 the "or-ing fluid is heated by steam tapped from the hot

portion of the cycle. 3n the diagram sho"n, the fluid at ? is mi;ed "ith the fluid at bothat the same pressure7 to end up "ith the saturated li/uid at F. 9he Regenerati$e Ran-inecycle "ith minor $ariants7 is commonly used in real po"er stations.

(nother $ariation is "here Kbleed steamK from bet"een turbine stages is sent to feed"aterheaters to preheat the "ater on its "ay from the condenser to the boiler.

[ edit ] +rganic Rankine CycleMain article !rganic Rankine "ycle

9he organic Ran-ine cycle 3RC7 uses an organic fluid such as n:pentane <?= or toluene < = in place of "ater and steam. 9his allo"s use of lo"er:temperature heat sources, such as solar ponds , "hich typically operate at around F+T2+ >C < =. 9he efficiency of the cycle is muchlo"er as a result of the lo"er temperature range, but this can be "orth"hile because of thelo"er cost in$ol$ed in gathering heat at this lo"er temperature. (lternati$ely, fluids can beused that ha$e boiling points abo$e "ater, and this may ha$e thermodynamic benefits.

9he Ran-ine cycle does not restrict the "or-ing fluid in its definition, so the inclusion of anZorganicZ cycle is simply a mar-eting concept that should not be regarded as a separatethermodynamic cycle.

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8/13/2019 La Nevada Solar One ya está funcionando

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3hermodynamic cycles

%yclesnormally 4ith

e5ternal combustion

Gas cycles 4ithou t phasechange 0

hot air engine cycles

.ell !oleman cycle 6

.rayton8Joule cycle I( ternally heated) 6 !arnotcycle 6 ricsson cycle 6 +ortedconstant volume cycle $&% 6 Stirling cycle 6 +seudo Stirlingcycle (same as AdiabaticStirling cycle) 6 Stoddardcycle 6 2uilleumier cycle

%ycles 4ith phasechange

5alina cycle 6 .an/inecycle (encompasses ErganicRan0ine !ycle ) 6 Regenerativecycle 6 T#o phased Stirlingcycle $'%

%yclesnormally 4ith

internal combustion

At0inson cycle 6 .rayton8Joule cycle 6 <iesel cycle 6 omogeneous !harge !ompression 7gnition 6 Benoir

cycle 6 iller cycle 6 Etto cycle

%ycle mi5ing !ombined cycle 6 ! cycle 6 i ed8<ual !ycle

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!laude cycle $ % 6 !laude dual3pressure cycle 6 Hic0ett3 Jacobs cycle 6 6ifford3 c ahon cycle $*% 6 irn cycle 6

umphrey cycle 6 Siemens cycle 6 ampson3Binde cycle 6 Binde dual3pressure cycle 6 eylandt cycle 6 5leemen0ocycle

[ edit ] References&" ^ Steam engine '" ^ !anada, ScottI 6" !ohen, R" !able, <" .rosseau, and " +rice ('>>*3&>3

' )" 4 +arabolic Trough Erganic Ran0ine !ycle Solar +o#er +lant 4 (innglish)" #$$% &!E Solar Energy Technologies (<enver, !olorado: GS

8/13/2019 La Nevada Solar One ya está funcionando

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8/13/2019 La Nevada Solar One ya está funcionando

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and #ill be the third largest concentrated solar po4er plant in the #orld" 7t shouldbe operational and connected to the grid by March ,--8 "

Ne)ada Solar One (see artists impressions is sho#n above) #ill cover > acres of

the desert near .oulder !ity, Nevada south of Bas 2egas" A total of &1, >> P3.08- receivers (pictured belo#) #ill be supplied by 6erman company Schott" These are thevacuum tubes #hich absorb the reflected sunlight #hich are placed inside parabolicmirrors #hich are to be provided by another 6erman company Hlabeg"

The solar energy absorbed #ill heat up the fluid contained #ithin the receivers to >>degrees celcius and that fluid #ill in turn be used to heat #ater into steam to turn agiant turbine and generate electricity"

8/13/2019 La Nevada Solar One ya está funcionando

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+ictured above is a schematic of ho# Nevada Solar Ene #ill #or0" The additionalheating is provided by burning natural gas" This is used to prevent the heat transfer

fluid temperature from fluctuating #ildly during cloudy conditions" Although this is nota pure green energy generation scheme, the amount of gas re uired by the ne# plantis less than one3tenth that re uired by the old style o9ave desert SEGS " Just 'O of theheating re uirement #ill come from natural gas 3 the rest from solar"

The total cost of the pro9ect is around P'*> million #hich #ill price the electricitygenerated at around 13& cents per 0Mh" o#ever, as more of these facilities are builtthat price #ill come do#n to as little as / cents per 0Mh #hich is very competitive #ithfossil fuels today" ven at current pricing, the electricity generated by Nevada SolarEne #ill be the cheapest solar electricity produced in the #orld, although still moree pensive than current #ind po#er generation"

According to the GS <epartment of nergy (<E ) there is enough suitable landavailable in the state of Nevada to generate ->>6M of electricity #ith concentratedsolar po4er " !urrently the consumption of electricity in Nevada is e uivalent to 9ust

O of this capacity #hich means that Nevada could sell vast amounts of electricity tonearby po#er hungry !alifornia"