La ONU destacó la caída de la mortalidad infantil en ArgentinaONU.pdf

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Food and Nutrition in Numbers

2014

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 2014

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The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information

product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of theFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legalor development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, orconcerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specificcompanies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented,does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preferenceto others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do notnecessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.

ISBN 978-92-5-108617-9

FAO, 2014

FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this informationproduct. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded andprinted for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercialproducts or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the sourceand copyright holder is given and that FAOs endorsement of users views, products orservices is not implied in any way.

All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercialuse rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed [email protected].

FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications)and can be purchased through [email protected].


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Contents

Foreword

Introduction

Economy

Population

Prices

Trade

UndernourishmentUndernutrition

Overweight/Obesity

Food security indicators

Dietary energy supply

Cereals - excluding beer

Starchy roots

Sugar and sweeteners

Fruit and vegetablesMeat

Oilcrops

Fish

Milk - excluding butter

Inequality within countries

Water

Greenhouse gas emissionsOrganic agriculture

Country Profiles

Part1 : 237

Definitions

Notes

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Foreword

At the first International Conference on Nutrition, held in 1992, global leaderspledged to act in solidarity to ensure that freedom from hunger becomes a real-ity.

Although great progress has been made in reducing the prevalence of hunger,over 800 million people are still unable to meet their daily calorie needs for liv-ing healthy lives. About one in nine people go to bed daily on an empty stomach.In cases where food is available, often the quality of the food does not meet mi-cronutrient (vitamin and mineral) needs. More than two billion people continue tosuffer from nutritional deficiencies such as vitamin A, iron, zinc and iodine. Whilethe world is grappling with issues of undernutrition, there is also the growingproblem of obesity, which now affects around 500 million people. Many countriesare facing a triple burden of malnutrition, where undernourishment, micronutri-ent deficiency and obesity exist in the same community and household.

ICN2 presents another opportunity for the global community to make a commit-ment and take action to address this global menace. The two outcome documentsof ICN2 - the Rome Declaration and the Framework for Action - will provide thebasis for renewed commitment and focused action for addressing malnutrition

within the coming decade. Experiences from the Millennium Development Goalsindicate that, with a united commitment, we can achieve significant results. Wemust now move forward with the same determination as we address new globalchallenges through the Sustainable Development Goals.

Having clear indicators to measure progress is very important. Statistics are afundamental tool in this process, necessary to identify problems and monitorprogress. The better the data, the better policies can be designed to improvenutrition worldwide. Without good data, it is impossible to evaluate or deter-mine the impact of policies, or hold stakeholders accountable for pledges theymake. For statistics to effectively inform food and agriculture policies, they needto be accessible and clear to policymakers at global, regional and country levels.This publication presents selected key indicators related to food and nutritionoutcomes that stakeholders can use to prioritise their actions.

This food and nutrition pocketbook was produced jointly by the FAO Statistics andNutrition Divisions. It is part of the FAO Statistical Yearbook suite of products andis one of the tools that can be used as building blocks for evidence-based policymaking. It includes data from FAOSTAT as well as from other partners in the

organization and in the international community.There are still gaps in the information. We hope that ICN2 will provide the forumfor discussion on ways to improve the data to better monitor nutrition.

Anna Lartey Pietro GennariDirector, Nutrition Division Chief Statistician and Director, Statistics Division

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Introduction

Overcoming malnutrition in all of its forms caloric undernourishment, micronu-trient deficiencies and obesity requires a combination of interventions in differ-ent areas that guarantee the availability of and access to healthy diets. Among thekey areas, interventions are required in food systems, public health systems andthe provision of safe water and sanitation. This pocketbook not only focuses onindicators of food security and nutritional outcomes but also on the determinantsthat contribute to healthy lives.

The pocketbook is structured in two sections:

Thematic spreads related to food security and nutrition, including detailedfood consumption data collected from national household budget surveys,

Comprehensive country and regional profiles with indicators categorizedby anthropometry, nutritional deficiencies, supplementation, dietary en-ergy supplies, preceded by their "setting".

The setting provides demographic indicators as well as health status indicatorsbased on mortality patterns and the provision of safe water and sanitation.

Anthropometryindicators provide information not only on the prevalence of acuteand chronic forms of under-nutrition but also on the prevalence of obesity. Theirco-existence is often referred to as the double burden of malnutrition.

Nutritional deficiencyindicators reveal food security issues at the national levelbased on the adequacy of energy supplies; they also reveal the prevalence of mi-cronutrient deficiencies, often referred to as hidden hunger. Combined with an-thropometric measurements, they allow for the identification of the triple burden

of malnutrition (under-nutrition, obesity and hidden hunger). Regarding hiddenhunger, indicators concerning iodine and vitamin A have been selected.

Dietaryindicators are based on national food supplies and inform on the overallquality of diets. Focus is also on the importance of diets during the first 1 000days of an infants life, with indicators selected on the quality of breastfeeding,dietary diversity and meal frequency.

The choice of indicators was guided by the following criteria: relevance to health,food security and nutrition, comparability over time, and availability, in particu-

lar for low-income countries. But the criteria were relaxed for several indicatorsgiven their importance and the lack of available substitutes. It is hoped thatthe presence of data gaps will bring about greater efforts to collect the neces-sary information because only with timely and reliable data can interventionsbe designed and targeted towards those in most need. Wherever available, dis-aggregated data by gender have been provided. Such data are indeed key tomainstreaming gender in policies and programmes.

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EconomyChanges in the wider economy, including

growing global integration, also affect the per-

formance of the agriculture sector. Higher

overall economic growth also raises con-sumers incomes and hence food demand.

Changing interest rates influence capital in-

vestments, land values and storage levels,

while inflation affects input prices, revenues

and credit costs. Fluctuations in exchange

rates have an important bearing on interna-

tional competitiveness and trade flows. While

some sectors have been hard hit, agriculture

has demonstrated resilience during the recent

economic downturn.

CHART 1:Value added in agriculture, industry,

and services as shares of GDP (2012)

0

25

50

75

100

Africa

Asia

LatinAm

erica

andth

eCa

ribb

ean

Ocean

ia

percent

Agriculture Industry Services

CHART 2:Agriculture value added per worker,

countries with the highest values in 2012

(2000 and 2012)

Bahamas

Germany

Denmark

Austria

Spain

Lebanon

Luxembourg

Singapore

Sweden

BermudaItaly

Japan

Australia

Belgium

Finland

Netherlands

Puerto Rico

Norway

Iceland

France

20000 40000 60000constant 2000 US$

2000 2012

CHART 3:Annual value added in agriculture

growth (2012)

Romania

Republic ofMoldova

Paraguay

Trinidad andTobago

Kazakhstan

Azerbaijan

Montenegro

Antigua andBarbuda

Lesotho

Spain

Gambia

Mauritania

Namibia

Saint Vincentand the

Grenadines

Afghanistan

Saint Lucia

Belize

Burkina Faso

Mongolia

Sudan

20 0 20 40

percent

Countries withhighest values

Countries witlowest values

CHART 4:Value added in agriculture as share of GDP (2000 to 2012)

10

20

30

2000 2005 2010

percent

Africa Asia Latin America

and the Caribbean Oceania

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FIGURE 1:Value added in agriculture as share of GDP (percent, 2012)

No

data

av

ailable

0

~

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