fisica.edu.uyacustoptica.fisica.edu.uy/informes/pulsos.pdf · Laboratorio de Acusto-óptica –...

Universidad de la República (UdelaR) Propagación de pulsos y Facultad de Ciencias – Instituto de Física (IFFC) ondas evanescentes ultrasónicas Laboratorio de Acusto-óptica – Montevideo (Uruguay)

Nicolás Rubido Obrer

Licenciatura en Física (opción Física)

!" !

# $%&!




'

"& ()*%&+ &!!,& ! ,+!-& !!& + & !" ", !!,& !+-!& ,. / & ) "& .!!,& !/+ ! 0, 1. ./ !!!# ( + ! ! !

2 ! !,3!+ ., !" & "!! 2+3, (!"!& !!,& ! !

#! ")"! ! 4 2!, ! " ) 567 +" ! 8 & 4", 677", ! ")" " 9"!)"!" ,/& +! ,, .& &! "!. !-" / &! 3 :( ! & ! . ( " ! /./")!""! +&-! "# () *%&""!) +""

#, -! & .!"+ !-!" "! + !! ", 9. /" 2) "!"!" ",, !" " ,& !!"$;#$<#", ! "! '755×=>>!- 46!- ! ""+ , ! ? # "9"! /

# " 9!-"& !.- ", " , 0 !)"1 ! .+.""@

=

77 =

⋅∇+∂∂=

⋅∇+∂∂ →→

ρρ

'

−∇=

∂∂−∇=

∇⋅+∂∂

→→→

→

ρρ 4

# & + & " 2! + !" + !&9 %!&+ & " &+-! " + !)"! .




4

" ( +".!&9"!

'

'

'

∇=∂∂ρ

>

#".& " ! ! @

ρ=' 6

: "& , )A.+! "! !.!9 & , ./B.@

γρ

ρ =

∂∂= ?

. !& ,! 2 + )! &+ ! "& !! & !&!&9& () 2+ ! "! . / " !)& () + ! " ! . ) "!",3 "! & !)&."!@

( ) ( ) ++++++ φ= C

D !! " ! . "! " B ""! !","! " . ( +! "" " .()B."@

( ) ( ) ∆=∆

7

+++++φ 5

2 +

===

77

ωω ( ) ( ) ∆=∆

7

7 +++++φ 7

: & " /

N1

N20 L

E(z)E(0)

N1

N1

N2

N2>N1

2." ! / +. " " ! @ ." !" , / @ !/

"" &7+! . & (), +.!" "2( + . ! ! ." -!"




>

&+, " " & " ! " ! , ! +,

#,+ & > !" ! & *"() ".! ,97&!& 2@

( ) ( )

Ω−==+∂∂+

∂∂

++++7''

'

'

'

Λ= π' + Λ , ! # !& ) ! . /&Ω E'677

/ !"" !!,& ! -& !+!" & &!!" 3 :( &! + !") & &

;/"()" () +"!& !+! + " & ,/& " )! "+ + " " !3 ! . "."&"

2+ "!&!""."! + 77 ! 7=

" , , ,+ " ("!+"", '= 2",""&+ !! " ! "!,+ .& , !!,& " "!

," ! ." &! ) ! ! "& ",!+" >

" ! +.(- 8 !! " !! !!,& )"&!+ ! F((+! ,-!"! !!"" !!-"& , @

( )( )

+

77 +

'-!+

λλλ

′′ℑ=′′ '

ℑ " + "+ A

( ) 777777

+

77 '

'-!++

′+

′=ℑ ′′

λπ

λπ

λλ 4

2 " ! '= ", 3"! ! !",+ .!!,& () ! , (!","& ? ,"




6

:"!.@

( )( ) ( ) +>-!+

'-!+ 77

+

−−=′′ℑ=′′′′ ′′′′

λλλ >

(" .+

( ) ++ '

++77

−−=

ℑℑ ′′ λ

λλλλ

"! " ! ! ! ! . ! 2 ! . ! + . 3 :( !& "!+ .(.( (/,)& ! ( )+ !", ! +"

.",@

( )( )

+

+

77'++

>-!+

λλλλλ !

"

ℑ′′ℑ−= ′′ 6

Ondasplanas

Objeto de fase Frente

distorsionado

LenteZ( )x

Foco

2." !/ + !" +( "%!G7

$ + ( H7 7= ! /! &!! ,+"@

'

,

!

−+= ?

#"!"@

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

+=′′ℑ ηδ

λξπ

ηξηδξδλ

λη

λξ

'-!

'

+

'

+

! C

6 !",+"-!&!"!3! ()" ! -/ 2@

( ) ( ) ( )

∂∂−

∂∂+−≅−−

'

'4>

47+7++

#

#!" φ

λφ

πλ 5

( !-" , ! ! !-"+( " ( )" +! "& +" #




?

#,+ @

( ) ( )'

7

7+7+

∂∂+≅−−

#!

$

$ φπ

=

# ! ! !( (" "! , A= ! !-" " 3" !! , B +!(" "!+= "& , +!.", , 29"+! ", +.,"

" &!+!!,& " ""+ ! .+ & ! !!,& !&! "( !&!! /

2+ ! % " +! "-! "! 9!" ! !!,&,9 & "@

( ) ( ) % % π'+ −

+∞

∞− = '7%

( ) ( ) % % % π'+

+∞

∞−

= '7%

(" ! " & . & ! & ! ! ("" #,+& *"()+

( ) ( ) ( ) 7' '''''

'

=

−+

∂∂

+∞

∞−

% % %

% ππ '

B.+!!,&! + !@

( ) ( )

−

Λ= =

''7

'-! %% % π ''

2 + ! ! , -& & .!!,&!/+ .. % ! " .!!!,

:/& ?4'5 "" *%& !) 2() "&" / "! " 6+6 + , ?4 >C7 + #& ! , ! / "! !" "+ !"!-"&" & "!2 & . ) ! " / ,"",!+." & ! & $! ." $ "+ !%( " ,& !" $+ , !+.,"!




C

# " ) ) 567 + / 7' # )& ! "!&.!!"

!, 567) .)&

#,," ! + "!.&!!!,& !

Laser

Pin-hole

Fourier lens

knife

CCD

" , ! -!" ) # $%&!! & ,

#,& !& 8& 4", 677", "(. ,0,1 (( ! ()" + . ! ", . !& ,& "! &!2 )& . /!-" "6"", ", $ "+! ! >7− +!.- .! !

&+! +", "!32 !! "3 :($ )+ ! ! ( )!" @""! -!& " " ! ! "" ,+ ! . ! "! " , + . ! () !"! !0, 1"9!

#, !& "3 :()& () + -!& !",




5

$

2 & !+ ! !!,& ! + -& !!!& !

B!"!+& ! ! & !! ",+" () "+"4 ", .! 0,1 ! "!&!

%"," "! !!,& ! / , &."" #",! &! ). ( >7+67?7", !"

"+ ! " ! ") ! ", I . "!& / 8&+! %"&+ !! ""- ""+" . ) -. %"&B+.3"!""+8"! " 2 @ 0) * &1+ J< K+# $%L!'77CA &. ( ! /+.-+(.%

&B" !- ! !!#""! & ",-!%2 -& )& !" ) 77 ! " "")! &-"!

"+!. ! "& >6"-"! "& !-" ""+!.! "! !& ∆ ! ! "" .! ". ≈∆∆ + ∆ "& !




=

' B!,& ! , "! &! # ) !" !-! 46!-!""

" 9",+! ") !!)!!,& & "! &!2@

()*+( >? 47 >

,-./( µ >7 67 ?7

B. !" ./!,9 @

×

+≅

?7

7

?

7

?

'

67? ×≅

# 5M! ! !&"37N+ 67>5 ×

" ,+" "-"+ "". "! , !&! ! .! "-" , ! ""+ " . , ! "! !! @

674776747

4?7

'

=≅Λ

≅

Λ=π

# . "" & ! @0" (* 1+J< K+# $%L!'77C$+&., () ! ) . !-" "7?""

π' Λ=≈




7

#, ! ! & !/ !! , !& + ( !! -&

0 ( /+ ! " ", ! , !& ! 4""

) !-"&""! !+ ! "-! , ! ΩΛ= 2+

( ) ( ) ( ) ?C7=77+557577+'677?77 ≅Λ≅Λ≅Λ

" ! . !" ! . " . , !&!,




B ! . -& +"" ! ! " ") "+" !! ".!+ " " . ! !!,, " " -!+ " ! &''

O 6!! !!A (/+?77+577=77 # " .!+ .""!!#&&" "-" !




'

" " , +!) ! ! + . " ! " ! !!,& " " " ! B + !" ! !"" .2+!"! / ! "2 " 0 (1 & ! .& "!"!&

2! ! 4! !!#"&




4

)")" ,& .! ! " 9 " "+ "&! !

:! .!! ! !!+"+!. " (. !"! " !!

2 !&! + .! )" /" @ ,)& !/ !,

2 !" /+ (& 5M! + !, $ )+ "&! ""+! !-" ", "!+ & 6M ( " !

B + ) -& ! ! , !& ! (" . !!,& !/ /+ . ! - " . !+ ! ., -!"

11 23

BF:#2%2P+ +, +2 #"+=55

2*2;*%$Q$R$+- +!>$ %S +=5?

JT2Q+0!./"0 % 1+'77>

JT2Q R 2$+0(% "$ ((12 % *2 & 1$!! K!+I>6+N6+'776+!!C'6%C'=

JT2Q+)+&- 3+

fisica.edu.uyacustoptica.fisica.edu.uy/informes/pulsos.pdf · Laboratorio de Acusto-óptica –...

Documents

Transcript of fisica.edu.uyacustoptica.fisica.edu.uy/informes/pulsos.pdf · Laboratorio de Acusto-óptica –...